Lesson Plan in Science

Circulatory System

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

a. Describe what is Circulatory System

b. Trace the blood flow circulation
c. Identify the system’s functions and different organs

II. Contents:
a. Topic: Circulatory System
b. Materials: Model of the heart, circulatory system chart, picture, video
clip
c. Values integration: The students would be able to appreciate the
function and importance of the circulatory system.
d. Time allotment: 1 hour

III. Learning Resources:

References: Grade-9 Science Textbook, Pages 11-16

IV. Procedures:
A. Before the lesson
1. Prayer
2. Motivation/ eyes breaker (I’m alive, alert enthusiastic!!!)
3. Checking of attendance
4. The teacher will divide the class into two groups and they will choose two
representatives from each group. The teacher will provide the materials for the
activity, which is the picture of the heart. Then, the students will be going to
label all parts of the heart. But before that, the students’ need to collaborate
within 2 minutes. Five minutes for labelling the parts of the heart. The teacher
will critic as to whom, from each group got the highest score.

B. During the lesson

The lesson will begin with the teacher engaging the students with a
presentation of "How the Blood Gets around the Body" following a think quest
presentation that covers the parts and functions of the circulatory system,
including the brain, veins and arteries, heart and blood. The teacher will discuss
thoroughly all about the circulatory system, its definition, organs, and different
functions and will use a model of the heart. Students will explore blood vessels
by watching a short video clip.
 Circulatory system- is the life support structure that nourishes your cells
with nutrients from the food you eat and oxygen from the air you breathe. The
circulatory system functions with other body systems to deliver different
materials in the body.
The Three Major Parts of the Circulatory System
1. Heart- pumps the blood throughout the body.
2. Blood vessel- carries the blood throughout the body.
Arteries –Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the
cells, tissues, and organs of the body.
Veins – carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
Capillaries- the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting
the smallest arteries to the smallest veins.
-the actual site where gases and nutrients are
exchanged
3. Blood- carries the materials throughout the body.

Parts of the Heart.

1. Superior vena cava: A large vein that receives blood from the head, neck, upper
extremities, and thorax and delivers it to the right atrium of the heart. As stated,
the super vena cava is located in the upper chest region. As the location of the
vein would suggest, the function of the superior vena cava is to carry blood from
the face, neck, arms, and other upper body locations to the right atrium of the heart.
2. Inferior vena cava: A large vein that receives blood from the lower extremities,
pelvis and abdomen and delivers it to the right atrium of the heart. Since the inferior
vena cava is located along the spine and the back, it in itself suggests that the
function of inferior vena cava is to carry deoxygenated blood from the lower
extremities like the legs, back, abdomen and pelvis to the heart.
3. Pulmonary veins: pulmonary veins are large blood vessels that receive
oxygenated blood from the lungs to delivery to the rest of the body. There are 4
total pulmonary veins—with 2 pulmonary veins coming from each lung, left and
right—that empty into the left atrium of the heart. Two pulmonary veins emerge
from the hilus of each lung, and each pulmonary vein receives blood from 3-4
bronchial veins apiece before draining into the left atrium. The pulmonary veins
are fixed to the pericardium travel alongside the pulmonary arteries.
4. Pulmonary Arteries: In the developed heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary
artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. The
pulmonary trunk is a short and stout (wide) structure that is about 5 cm in length
and 3 cm in diameter, which branches into 2 pulmonary arteries; the left and right
pulmonary arteries, which act to deliver deoxygenated blood to its respective lung.
5. Aorta: The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aorta begins at the top of
the left ventricle, the heart's muscular pumping chamber. The heart pumps blood
from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve. The aorta is important
because it gives the body access to the oxygen-rich blood it needs to survive. The
heart itself gets oxygen from arteries that come off the ascending aorta. The aorta
is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart
 and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the
common iliac arteries).
6. Pulmonary valve: is one of two valves that allow blood to leave the heart via the
arteries. It is a one-way valve, meaning that blood cannot flow back into the heart
through it. The valve is opened by the increased blood pressure of the ventricular
systole (contraction of the muscular tissue), pushing blood out of the heart and into
the artery. It closes when the pressure drops inside the heart. It is located in the
right ventricle of the heart. The pulmonic valve opens into the pulmonary artery.
7. Right atrium: The right upper chamber of the heart. The right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the
right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
8. Left atrium: is one of the four chambers of the heart, located on the left posterior
side. Its primary roles are to act as a holding chamber for blood returning from the
lungs and to act as a pump to transport blood to other areas of the heart.
9. Tricuspid valve: forms the boundary between the right ventricle and the right
atrium. Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart via the inferior and
superior vena cava. These are large veins that transport deoxygenated blood from
the body back to the heart. Blood collects within the right atrium and it must flow
through the tricuspid valve in order to enter the right ventricle.
10. Right ventricle: As deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium, it passes
through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle, which pumps the blood up
through the pulmonary valve and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
11. Left ventricle: is one of four chambers of the heart. It is located in the bottom left
portion of the heart below the left atrium, separated by the mitral valve. As the
heart contracts, blood eventually flows back into the left atrium, and then through
the mitral valve, whereupon it next enters the left ventricle. From there, blood is
pumped out through the aortic valve into the aortic arch and onward to the rest of
the body. The left ventricle is the thickest of the heart’s chambers and is
responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body. By contrast,
the right ventricle solely pumps blood to the lungs.
12. Aortic valve: is located between the aorta and the heart's left ventricle. The
pulmonary vein delivers oxygenated blood to the heart's left atrium. Then it passes
through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. With each of the heart muscle’s
contractions, oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle through the aortic valve.
13. Mitral valve: The mitral valve is also known as the bicuspid valve. This is one of
the heart’s four valves that help prevent blood from flowing backward as it moves
through the heart. The mitral valve is located in the left side of the heart, between
the left atrium and left ventricle. Oxygen-rich blood flows into the left atrium from
the pulmonary veins. When the left atrium fills with blood, the mitral valve opens to
allow blood to flow to the left ventricle.
14. Brachiocephalic Artery Function: This relatively short artery supplies
oxygenated blood to the head, neck and arm regions of the body.
 15. Chordae tendineae: These are the group of tough, tendinous strands in the heart.
They are commonly referred to as the “heart strings” since they resemble small
pieces of string. Functionally, the chordae tendineae play a vital role in holding the
atrioventricular valves in place while the heart is pumping blood.
16. Left Common Carotid arteries: These are major blood vessels in the neck that
supply blood to the brain, neck, and face. There are two carotid arteries, one on
the right and one on the left.
17. Subclavian arteries: It supplies our arms with blood. The subclavian arteries
branch to the vertebral arteries. These carry oxygenated blood up to the brain from
the base of the neck. The right subclavian artery is located below the clavicle. It
branches off the brachiocephalic trunk. The left subclavian artery branches off the
arch of the aorta. It ends at the first rib's lateral edge.
The primary function of the septum in the heart, also known as the ventricular
septum, is to separate the two sides of the heart. This is an important function since the
right side of the heart carries oxygen-poor blood from the extremities to the heart, and the
left side of the heart oxygenates the blood and passes it through the veins. Without the
septum, the blood cannot be oxygenated correctly.
The septum: in the heart is divided into two parts: the septum that separates the
atria and the ventricular septum that divides the ventricles of the heart. The septum is
made up of thick muscle tissue that starts at the lower end of the heart and passes up
through the pulmonary artery and aorta.

The 3 types of blood circulation are as follows:

1. The systemic circulation: It takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through
the aorta to all parts of the body, excluding the lung and returns the deoxygenated blood
to the right atrium.

2. Pulmonary circulation: It collects blood from the veins of the pancreas, spleen,
stomach, intestines, and gallbladder and directs it into the hepatic portal vein of the liver
before it returns to the heart.

3. Portal circulation: It takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the air sacs
of the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

C. After the Lesson

a. Application:
With the same group, they will be given a question “How important is the
Circulatory System in our body?” to be answered in a ½ crosswise in 10
minutes.
 b. Generalization:
The teacher will ask questions throughout the presentation about "How
Blood gets Around the Body and How " to ensure understanding and
provide additional instruction and feedback, when needed. Then the
teacher will monitor groups as they create an investigation and, with the
rubric as a guide, will give students instruction.
c. Evaluation:

V. Assignment:
With the same group list down some tips in how to make Circulatory System
Healthy.
VI Remarks:
____________ of the class understand and passed the topic.
VII Evalutaion: