Product Cataloguepity

Product Catalogue
Issued Time: 2011

Copyright owner: Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd
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constantly seek to ensure that our products are developed to the latest technological standards
as a result; it is possible that there may be some differences between the hardware/software
product and this information product.
Manufacturer:
Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.
Company Profile
Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd. (Hereinafter

referred to as SIFANG. ) mainly engages in
R&D, manufacture and sale of power system
automation, relay protection, power system
security and stability control, WAMS, dispatching
automation, distribution automation(including
AMR), HVDC transmission control, power plant
automation control system, excitation control
system, simulation and training system, HV
electric equipment, rail transportation, industrial automation and new energy utilization. SIFANG
was listed in Shanghai Stock Market (China) on Dec. 2010 (Stock code: 601126). SIFANG is one
of the leading companies in the field of power system automation with the largest market share in
China. SIFANG’s products and solutions are applied to system varying from 10kV to1000kV, which
is currently the highest operating voltage in the world.
Starting from a company mainly engaging in R&D and manufacture of relay protection and
substation automation system over 15 years ago, SIFANG has made rapid progress in power
system, power plant automation, industrial process automation and new energy field. Its products
have been widely used in relay protection and automation control of power system. SIFANG has
become the well-known enterprise and main manufacturer in China power industry. As a high-
tech company, SIFANG provides power and integrated automation solution, superior products and
service to power industry, industrial business and large scale industries (petrochemical, railway,
coal, metallurgy, iron& steel, highway tunnel, rail transportation, etc.). In the meanwhile, SIFANG’s
products and solutions have entered the foreign market and been well acclaimed by the customers
from Asia, Europe and Africa. To date, over 10 thousand sets of relay protection and automation
equipment manufactured by SIFANG have been in service worldwide.
Table of Contents
CSC Protection IED Family 1
CSC Family Selector Guide 3
CSC-101 Line Protection IED 5
CSC-121 Breaker Protection IED 18
CSC-150 Busbar Protection IED 22
CSC-211 Multifunction Protection IED 25
CSC-281 Series Protection IEDs 28
CSC-326 Transformer Protection IED 33
CSC-306 Generator Protection IED 37
Appendix I Dimensions 41
Appendix II Front Panel 47
Appendix III Software Tools 48
Appendix IV Technical Specifications 49
Substation Automation System 85

CSC-1320 Gateway 90
CSI-200E Monitoring and Control IED 94
CSC-196 Power System Time Synchronization IED 96
Appendix I Technical Specifications of CSC-1320 Gateway 98
Appendix II Technical Specifications of CSC-196 Power System Time Synchronization IED 105
Wide Area Measurement System 115

CSD-364A Phasor Measurement Unit 119
Appendix I Technical Specifications of CSD-364A Phasor Measurement Unit 122
CSGC-3000/EMS System 125
CSGC-3000/DMS System 127

CSC-270 Series of Distribution Sub-station and Terminal 130
Protection and Fault Information Management System 133

CSGC-3000/FIS Protection and Fault Information Management System 134
Appendix I Technical Specifications 143
Power Plant Automation 147

CSPA-2000 Distributed Automation System 147
CSPA-2000 Distributed Control System (DCS) 149
CSPA-2000 Distributed Electric Control and Management System (ECMS) 151
CSPA-2000 Power Plant Auxiliary Workshop Control System 153
CSPA-2000 Coal Handling Programmed Automatic Control System 155
ALWAYS SAFE & ON
CSPA-2000 Desulphurization Control System 157

CSC-2000 Step-Up Station Monitoring and Control System 159
CSC-300 Generator Transformer Unit Protection Device and Auxiliary Products 162
CSC-831Series Low-Voltage Protection Measurement and Control Device 163
CSC-800V Automatic Voltage Control Station 166
CSC-800G Automatic Power Generation Control Station 167
CSC-821 Plant Service Power Supply Quick Switch Device 168
CSC-822 Standby Power Switch Device 170
CSC-825 Digital Synchronization Device 172
CSC-826 Steam Turbine Generator Emergency Trip Protection Device 174
CSC-827 Furnace Safeguard Supervisory Device 175
CSC-861 Series Main Control Unit of Distributed Automation 177
Hydropower Automation System 179

CSPA-2000 Computer Monitoring System for Small Hydropower Plant 180
CSPA-2000 Computer Monitoring System for Large and Middle-Scale Hydropower Plant 182
CSPA-2000 Centralized Monitoring System of Cascade Hydropower Center 184
CSC-850 Local Control Unit 186
CSC-825 Digital Semi-Synchronized Device 189
CSC-800M Distributed Control Unit 191
CSC-861 Main Control Unit of Distributed Automation System 194
CSC-800V Automatic Voltage Control Sub-Station 196
CSC-800G Automatic Generation Control Sub-Station 198
Protection and Security Automation Equipments in Hydropower Plant 200
CSC-831 Series Low-Voltage Measurement and Control Device 201
Generator Excitation System 203

GEC-300 Excitation Control System for Large and Medium Generator 204
GEC-300S Excitation Control Device for Small and Medium Generator 208
GEKL Series (Intelligent) Thyristor Rectifier Device 211
GEMC Series De-Excitation Device 213
Simulation System 215

CSSP-2000 Power Plant Simulation System 216
CSSS-2000 Electric Network and Substation Training Simulation System 223
CSSS-2000 Substation Physical Digital Simulation System 225
CSSP-2000 Wind Power Generation Simulation System 227
CSSP-2000 Hydropower Plant Simulation Training System 231
Torsional Vibration Products 233

CSC-811P Supplementary Excitation Damping Control 237
CSC-812P Torsional Stress Relay 239
CSC-812C Asynchronous Self-Excitation Protection Device 242
CSC-815 Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Thermal Power Plant 245
CSC-815C Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Wind Power Plant 248
CSC-851 Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Nuclear Power Plant 251
CSC-815H Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Hydropower Plant 254
CSC-813 Shaft Torsional Vibration Tester 257
CSC-817 Shaft Torsional Vibration Excitation Instruments 260
Shafting Torsional Vibration Solutions 263
CSC Protection IED Family
Overview
From 1000kV protection IEDs (Intelligence Electrical Device) to 380V distribution multifunction protection IED,
CSC protection IED family covers the whole electrical power system, including power generation, transmission,
distribution, and commercial power consumption.
Up to now, over hundreds of thousands of protection IEDs made by Sifang have been in service widely and
successfully. With highly reliable products and excellent service, Sifang always takes the lead in domestic
protection IED industry.
The IEDs have the following characteristics:
u High-performance hardware system
v Adopts 32-bit single chip microcomputer protection hardware system combining DSP with MCU adopting“bus
not out of chip”advantage. The chip with the advantage of high performance, large capacity and high speed
satisfies parallel and real-time calculation requirement
v Adopts hardware modules, backplane design concept instead of traditional backplane wiring to improve the
reliability of hardware and realize integrated design and flexible expansion of equipment crate to fully satisfy
different requirements of users
v The internal overall structure is network design. It can improve hardware's reliability, flexibility
v Dual (single) CPU, dual A/D acquisition and mutual detection
u Software design concept
Modulized software design, flexible protection function configuration can satisfy users’ different requirements
u Powerful, flexible communication function
The IEDs can provide 3 high speed electric Ethernet interface(fiber optic Ethernet interface is optional), RS-
485 interface, serial printing interface. User can place an order according to practical project requirements.
Adopts IEC 61850 standard, IEC60870-5-103 protocol or Sifang’s CSC-2000 protocol to realize the interfacing
between substation automaton system and protection information management system.
One RS-232 interface is provided on the front panel for debugging and analysis, which is also very convenient
to connect with external PC.
u Friendly design and interface
v Adopts LCD to display current, voltage, power, state of pressboard, setting zone for real time. The operation
manual is easy for use. 4 shortcut keys are provided to realize “one key” operation, thus facilitates the
operation of the on-site operator
v Clear operation process

The IEDs can analyze the operation process, logic process and various calculation values of elements inside
the IEDs. The whole protection operation process can be analyzed by analysis software tool. The external
PC which has installed Sifang’s fault analysis software can make operations on IEDs through RS-232 serial
port on front panel. All kinds of information of IEDs (e.g. fault recording) can be received and analyzed.
1
v The IEDs have remote signaling function, which can send analog signaling such as fault recording, BI of
protection operation, alarming, pressboard and analog for convenient debugging on HMI
u Real-time self detection hardware platform. Through hardware online detection and self detection, incorrect
tripping in case of IED’s hardware‘s damage can be eliminated and IED’s regular detection can reduced greatly
v The modules inside of IEDs adopt intelligentized design. BI, BO, analogy and power’s online self detection
realize overall real-time self detection of IED modules
v With new detection method, IED can detect the completeness of relay excitation circuit and realize the
detection and abnormal alarming of IEDs
v BI state will be confirmed after acquisition of 2 optical coupler

v Real-time monitoring of temperature inside
2
CSC Family Selector Guide
ANSI 101 103 161 121 150 211 326 306 281
Distance protection 21, 21N • • •
Power-swing function 68 • • •
Communication scheme for distance
85–21,21N • • •
protection
Communication scheme for earth fault
85–67N • • •
protection
Overcurrent protection 50,51,67 • • • • • • • •
Earth fault protection 50N, 51N, 67N • • • • • • • •
Emergency/backup overcurrent
50,51 • • •
protection
Emergency/backup earth fault
50N,51N • • •
protection
Switch-onto-fault protection 50HS • • •
Overload protection 50OL • • • • • •
Overvoltage protection 59 • • • • • • •
Undervoltage protection 27 • • • • • • •
Breaker failure protection 50BF • • • • • • • •
Dead zone protection 50SH-Z • • • • • • •
STUB protection 50STUB • • • •
Poles discordance protection 50PD • • • •
Synchro-check and energizing check 25 • • • • •
Auto-recloser 79 • • • • •
Single- and/or three-pole tripping 94-1/3 • • •
CT secondary circuit supervision • • • • • • • • •
VT secondary circuit supervision 97FF • • • • • • • • •
Line differential protection 87L •
Three-pole tripping 94-3 • • • •
Neutral earth fault protection 50G,51G • • •
Sensitive earth fault protection 50Ns,51Ns,67Ns • •
Negative-sequence overcurrent
46 • •
protection
Thermal overload protection 49 • • •
Displacement voltage protection 64 • •
Busbar differential protection 87BB •
Position of circuit breaker, disconnector
•
and other switching device monitoring
Unbalanced current protection 46NI •
3
ANSI 101 103 161 121 150 211 326 306 281
Unbalanced voltage protection 46NU •
Undercurrent protection 37 •
Low frequency load shedding function 81U •
Low voltage load shedding function 27 •
Overload load shedding function •
Fast busbar protection using reverse
•
interlocking
Transformer differential protection 87T • •
Restricted earth fault protection 87N • •
Delta winding Overload Protection 50OL •
Overexcitation protection 24 • •
2 sets external trip commands (BIs →
•
BOs)
Reactor differential protection 87R •
Inter-turn fault protection 16 • •
Generator differential protection 87G •
Compound overcurrent protection 46/51V •
Phase-to-phase impedance protection 21 •
Fundamental zero-sequence voltage 59N •
stator earth fault protection
Third harmonic zero-sequence voltage 59THD •
stator earth fault protection
Rotor single-point earth fault protection 64R1 •
Rotor double-point earth fault protection 64R2 •
Stator overload protection 49GS •
Rotor surface (negative-sequence)
49GR •
overload protection
Exciting winding overload protection 49GE •
Reverse power protection 32R •
Loss-of-excitation protection 40 •
Out-of-step protection 78 •
Frequency abnormity protection 81 •
Inadvertent energizing protection 50/27 •
Exciting system overcurrent protection 51 •
Exciter differential protection 87E •
Exciting transformer differential
87ET •
protection
4
CSC-101 Line Protection IED
Overview
CSC-101 comprehensive transmission line distance protection IED is used for protection and monitoring of
overhead lines, cables or combination of them. The IED provides a highly sensitive and reliable distance
protection with innovative and proven quadrilateral characteristic. In addition to separated zone extension
functionality, five distance zones have fully independent measuring and setting values which gives high flexibility
for all types of lines and fault. Many other functions are integrated to provide a complete backup protection.
The wide application flexibility makes the IED an excellent choice for both new installations and retrofitting of the
existing stations.
Applications
CSC-101 line protection IED is a proper solution for following applications:
u Overhead lines and cables up to 1000kV voltage level
u All types of station arrangement, such as 1.5 breakers arrangement, double bus arrangement, etc.
u Extremely long lines
u Short lines
u Heavily loaded lines
u Satisfy the requirement for single and /or three pole tripping
u Communication with station automation system
Features
u Protection and monitoring IED with extensive functional library, user configuration possibility and expandable
hardware design to meet user’s special requirements
u Redundant A/D sampling channels and interlocked dual CPU modules guarantee the high security and
reliability of the IED
u Single and/or three tripping/reclosing
u Highly sensitive startup elements, which enhance the IED sensitivity in all disturbance conditions and avoid
mal-operation
v Current sudden-change startup element

v Zero sequence current startup element
5
v Over current startup element
v Undervoltage startup element for weak-infeed end of line
u Three kinds of faulty phase selectors are combined to guarantee the correction of phase selection
v Current sudden-change phase selector

v Zero sequence and negative sequence phase selector
v Undervoltage phase selector
u Four kinds of directional elements cooperate each other so as to determine the fault direction correctly and
promptly
v Memory voltage directional element

v Zero sequence component directional element
v Negative sequence component directional element
v Impedance directional element
u Full scheme phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth distance protection with five quadrilateral protection zones
and additional extension zone characteristic (21, 21N)
u Power swing function (68)
v Proven and reliable principle of power swing logic

v Unblock elements during power swing
u All useful types of tele-protection communication scheme (85)
v Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT) scheme

v Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) scheme
v Blocking scheme
v Inter-tripping scheme
u Phase segregated tele-protection communication scheme
u Particular logic for tele-protection communication scheme
v Current reversal
v Weak-infeed end
v Evolving fault logic
v Sequence tripping logic
u Contacts and/or up to two fiber optical ports can be used for tele-protection communication scheme
u A complete protection functions library, include
v Distance protection with quadrilateral characteristic (21,21N)

v Power swing function (68)
v Tele-protection communication scheme for distance protection (85-21,21N)
v Tele-protection communication scheme with dedicated earth fault protection (85-67N)
6
v Overcurrent protection (50, 51, 67)
v Earth fault protection (50N, 51N, 67N)
v Emergency/backup overcurrent protection (50, 51)
v Emergency/backup earth fault protection (50N, 51N)
v Switch-onto-fault protection (50HS)
v Overload protection (50OL)
v Overvoltage protection (59)
v Undervoltage protection (27)
v Circuit breaker failure protection (50BF)
v Poles discordance protection (50PD)
v Dead zone protection (50SH-Z)
v STUB protection (50STUB)
v Sync-check and energizing check (25)
v Auto-reclose function for single- and/or three-phase reclosing (79)
v Voltage transformer secondary circuit supervision (97FF)
v Current transformer secondary circuit supervision
u Self-supervision to all modules in the IED
u Complete event recording, tripping reports, alarm reports, startup reports and general operation records. Any
kinds of record can be stored up to 2000 and be memorized even if in power disconnection
u Remote communication
v Tele-protection contacts for power line carrier protection interface

v Up to two fiber optical ports for remote communication applied to protection function, like tele-protection
v Vast range fiber internal modem, applied single–mode optical fiber cable
v External optical/electrical converter, which support communication through SDH or PCM, for G.703 (64 kbit/s)
and G.703E1 (2048 kbit/s)
u Up to three electric /optical Ethernet ports can be selected to communicate with substation automation system
by IEC61850 or IEC60870-5-103 protocols
u Up to two electric RS-485 ports can be selected to communicate with substation automation system by
IEC60870-5-103 protocol
u Time synchronization via network(SNTP), pulse and IRIG-B mode
u Configurable LEDs and output relays satisfied users’ requirement
u Versatile human-machine interface
u Multifunctional software tool CSmart for setting, monitoring, fault recording analysis, configuration, etc.
7
Function scheme
8
Overview
CSC-103 is selective, reliable and high speed comprehensive transmission line protection IED. The IED provides
line differential protection functions based on phase-segregated measurement with high sensitivity for faults
and reliable phase selection. The full scheme distance protection is also provided with innovative and proven
quadrilateral characteristic. Five distance zones have fully independent measuring and setting which provides
high flexibility of the protection for all types of lines. Many other functions are also employed to provide a complete
backup protection.
existing stations.
Applications
CSC-103 line protection IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
u Overhead lines and cables at all voltage levels
u Two and three-end lines
u All type of station arrangement, such as 1.5 breakers arrangement, double bus arrangement, etc.
u Extremely long lines with series compensation
u Short lines
u Heavily loaded lines
u Satisfy the requirement for single and /or three pole tripping
Features
hardware design to meet with user’s special requirements
u Redundant A/D sampling channels and interlocked dual CPU modules guarantee the high security and
reliability of the IED
u Single and/or three tripping/reclosing
mal-operation
9
v Overcurrent startup element
u Three kinds of faulty phase selectors are combined to guarantee the correction of phase selection:

promptly

u Line differential protection (87L)
v Phase-segregated measurement with high sensitivity

v Charging current compensation
v High reliability against external fault with CT saturation detection
v Automatic conversion of CT ratios
v Time synchronization of sampling
v Redundant communication channels without channel switching delay

u All useful types of scheme communication (85)
v Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT) scheme

v Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) scheme
v Blocking scheme
u Particular logic for communication scheme
v Current reversal
v Weak-infeed end
10
v Evolving fault logic
u Up to two fiber optical ports can be used for line differential or/and tele-protection communication scheme
u Contacts and/or fiber optical ports can be used for tele-protection communication scheme
v Line differential protection (87L)

v Over voltage protection (59)
v Under voltage protection (27)
v Synchro-check and energizing check (25)
v Auto-recloser function for single- and/or three-phase reclosing (79)
u Complete event recording, action reports, alarm reports, startup reports and general operation records. Any

v Up to two fiber optical ports for remote communication applied to protection function, like differential
protection, distance and EF tele-protection
11
v External optical/electrical converter, which support communication through SDH or PCM, for G.703 (64 kbit/s)
and G.703E1 (2048 kbit/s)
12
Function scheme
13
Overview
The IED provides a highly sensitive and reliable distance protection with innovative and proven quadrilateral
characteristic. Many other functions are also employed to provide a complete backup protection library.
existing stations.
Applications
CSC-161 line distance protection IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
u Subtransmission network and distribution network, with solidly earthed (grounded), low-resistance earthed,
isolated or compensated neutral point
u All type of station arrangement, such as 3/2 breakers arrangement, double bus arrangement, etc.
u Short lines
u Heavily loaded line
u Three poles tripping
Features
u A protection and monitoring IED with extensive functional library, user configuration possibility and expandable
u Three phase tripping
mal-operation

v Overcurrent startup element
u Three kinds of faulty phase selectors are combined to guarantee the correction of phase selection
14
promptly


u All types of scheme communication (85)
v PUTT scheme
v POTT scheme
v Blocking scheme
u Particular logic for communication scheme
v Current reversal
v Weak-infeed end
u Up to two fiber optical ports can be used for tele-protection communication scheme
u Contacts and/or fiber optical ports can be used for tele-protection communication scheme

15
v Auto-recloser function for three-phase reclosing (79)
v Current Transformer secondary circuit supervision
kinds of record can be stored up to 2000 and be memorized in case of power disconnection

v Up to two fiber optical ports for remote communication applied to protection function, like distance and EF
tele-protection
v External optical/electrical converter, which support communication through SDH or PCM, for G.703 (64kbit/s)
and G.703E1 (2048kbit/s)
u Multifunctional software tool CSmart for setting, monitoring, fault recording analysis, configuration and etc.
16
Function scheme
17
CSC-121 Breaker Protection IED
Overview
CSC-121 breaker management and backup protection IED is used as backup protection cooperating with main
protection in different applications such as overhead line, cable, transformer, reactor and busbar protection. It can
also work as a dedicated breaker management relay for circuit breaker.
The IED provides a complete protection functions library, including current protection, voltage protection, auto-
recloser, breaker failure protection, thermal overload protection, etc., to cover most of the requirements of different
applications.
existing stations.
Applications
CSC-121 breaker protection IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
u Used in a wide range of voltage levels, up to 1000kV
u Applied to overhead lines and cables, as backup protection IED
u Applicable in subtransmission network and distribution network
u Applied to transformer, as backup protection IED
u Breaker management protection for any substation arrangement, such as one and half breakers arrangement,
double bus arrangement, etc.
u Work as a dedicated breaker protection for single circuit breaker
u Suitable for single pole/three poles tripping and closing conditions
Features
u Inter-lock between two CPU modules, avoiding mal-operation due to internal severe fault of one module
u Single and/or three pole tripping/reclosing
18
v Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G, 67G)
v Sensitive earth fault protection (50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)
v Negative-sequence overcurrent protection (46)
v Thermal overload protection (49)
v Under voltage protection (27)
v Displacement voltage protection (64)
v Auto-recloser function for single- and/or three-phase reclosing (79)
kinds of record can be stored up to 2000 and be memorized in case of power disconnection
u Up to three electric/optical Ethernet ports can be selected to communicate with substation automation system
19
Function scheme
Application for line
20
Application for transformer
21
CSC-150 Busbar Protection IED
Overview
CSC-150 is selective, reliable and high speed protection IED of busbar. The IED provides reliable busbar
differential protection with integrated check zone, short saturation-free time and fast tripping time as well as circuit
breaker failure protection and dead zone protection.
The wide application flexibility makes the IED an excellent choice for both new installations and the retrofit of
existing installations.
Applications
CSC-150 busbar protection IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
u For various busbar arrangements, main applicable arrangements listed below
v Single Busbar
v Two Single Busbars connected with bus coupler
v Two Separate Busbars in 11/2 CB arrangement
v Double Busbar
v Main and Transfer Busbar
v Double Main and one Transfer Busbar
v Main and Main/Transfer Busbar
u For solidly earthed, low impedance earthed or isolated power system
u Used in a wide range of voltage levels, up to 750 kV
u Communication with station automation system or not
Features
22
u For various busbar arrangements, main applicable arrangements listed below
v Single Busbar
v Two Single Busbars connected with bus coupler
v Two Separate Busbars in 11/2 CB arrangement
v Double Busbar
v Main and Transfer Busbar
v Double Main and one Transfer Busbar
v Main and Main/Transfer Busbar
u Busbar differential protection (87BB)
v Low impedance centralization differential protection

v Selective zone tripping
v Extreme stability against exteral fault, short CT saturation-free time
v Phase-segraegated measuring system
v Integrated check zone
v Bus couplers/disconnetor is definable in busbar scheme
v Busbar differential protection (87BB)

v Voltage Transformer secondary circuit supervision (97FF)
v Current Transformer secondary circuit supervision
kind of record can be stored up to 2000 and be memorized even if in power disconnection
u Configurable LEDs and output relays satisfied users’ demands
u Versatile Human-machine interface
u Multifunctional software tool CSmart for setting, monitoring, fault recording analysis, configuration and etc.
23
Function scheme
24
CSC-211 Multifunction Protection IED
Overview
CSC-211 multifunction IED series is able to be applied for protection, control and measurement. The wide
application flexibility and integration of the protection, monitoring and control functions in one device makes the
IED an excellent solution for both new installations and retrofitting of the existing stations.
Applications
CSC-211 multifunction protection IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
u Applicable in subtransmission network and distribution network, with solidly earthed (grounded), low-resistance
earthed, isolated or compensated neutral point
u Protection of feeders, capacitors, distribution transformers, bus coupler, etc.
u Used as backup protection IED for lines, transformers, reactors and busbar
u Providing control and monitoring functions of the circuit breakers, disconnector, etc.
u Supporting all functionalities required for automation system
Features
u Extensive multifunction IED including protection, control and monitoring functions
u Three pole tripping required in sub-transmission and distribution network

v Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G)
v Sensitive earth fault protection (50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)
v Negative-sequence overcurrent protection (46)
25
v Displacement voltage protection (64)
v Auto-recloser function for three-phase reclosing (79)
v Unbalanced current or voltage protection
v Undercurrent protection (37)
v Load shedding function
u Fast overcurrent/busbar protection scheme using IEC61850 GOOSE-message
u CB status supervision
u Complete and massive reports recording, trip reports, alarm reports, startup reports and operation reports. Any
kinds of reports can be stored no less than 40 items, and be memorized even when power disconnection
u Up to two electric /optical Ethernet ports can be selected to communicate with substation automation system
u One electric RS-485 port is able to communicate with substation automation system by IEC60870-5-103
protocol
26
Function scheme
27
CSC-281 Series Protection IEDs
Overview
CSC-281 series protection IEDs are featuring the reliable protection, control and monitoring functions. Overcurrent
protection, earth fault protection, restricted earth fault and fuse failure monitoring functions are provided in this
relay. Moreover, the relay provides control of the circuit breaker, further switching devices and the automation
functions. It also displays the present trip/alarm conditions and records past trip, alarm or control events,
maximum demand levels, and energy consumption.
CSC-281 Series Protection IEDs
Description
Overcurrent, earth fault and breaker failure protections are provided. It can be used for backup
CSC-281M1
protection for line, transformer and bus coupler etc.
Restricted earth fault protection is provided. It can be used for transformer Wye connection
CSC-281M2
side.
Applications
CSC-281 series protection IEDs have capabilities to cover following applications:
u Applicable in subtransmission network and distribution network, with solidly earthed (grounded), low-resistance
earthed, isolated or compensated neutral point
u Protection of feeders, transformer and bus coupler etc.
u CSC-281 M1 is used as backup protection for lines, transformers, reactors and busbar
u Providing control and monitoring functions of the circuit breakers, disconnector, etc.
u Supporting all functionalities required for automation system
u CSC-281 M2 is used as restricted earth fault protection
Features
u Three pole tripping required in sub-transmission and distribution network
28
v Restricted earth fault (87N)
u Breaker failure monitoring
u Trip circuit supervision
u Self-supervision to all modules
u Complete and massive reports recording, trip reports, alarm reports, startup reports and operation reports. Any
kinds of reports can be stored no less than 40 items, and be memorized even in power disconnection
u Up to two electric /optical Ethernet ports can be selected to communicate with substation automation system
by IEC60870-5-103 protocols
u Two electric RS-485 port is able to communicate with substation automation system by IEC60870-5-103
protocol
u Time synchronization via network(SNTP), pulse IRIG-B mode
u Multifunctional software tool EPPC for setting, monitoring, fault recording analysis, configuration, etc.
Function scheme
Application of CSC-281 M1 for feeder backup protection
29
Application of CSC-281 M1 for transformer HV or LV backup protection
30
Application of CSC-281 M1 for SBEF protection
Application of CSC-281 M1 for bus coupler protection
31
Application of CSC-281 M2 for Y/△Restricted Earth Fault protection
Application of CSC-281 M2 for△/Y Restricted Earth Fault protection
32
CSC-326 Transformer Protection IED
Overview
CSC-326 transformer protection IED provides powerful, fast and selective protection and monitoring. The IED is
able to provide all main protection functions and backup protection functions in one case, including differential
protection, restricted earth fault (REF), overexcitation, thermal overload, overcurrent, earth fault protection, etc.
The integrated flexible logic make the IED suitable to be applied to (auto)transformers with all the possible vector
groups, with/without earthing connection inside the protected zone.
existing stations.
Applications
CSC-326 transformer protection IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
u For large and medium two- or three-winding transformers, and autotransformer
u Used in a wide range of voltage levels, up to 1000 kV
u For single or multi-breaker arrangement
u Up to 7 three-phase sets of CTs input (special ordering)
u Work as main protection unit only or full functions unit for the complicated application
Features
u Transformer differential protection (87T)
v Treble slope percent differential protection

v Automatic CT ratio matching
v Automatic vector group and zero sequence current compensation
v Settable 2nd harmonic restraint function for transformer inrush
v Fuzzy wave recognition restraint function for transformer inrush
33
v 3rd or 5th harmonic restraint for overexcitation
v CT saturation detection
v CT secondarycircuit supervison
v Differential current alarm
u Restricted earth fault protection (87N)
v Two slope percent REF protection
v Automatic CT ratio matching
v CT saturation recognition
v REF differential current supervision
v Transformer differential protection (87T)
v Restricted earth fault protection (87N)
v Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G, 67G)
v Delta winding overload protection (50OL)
v Overexcitation protection (24)
u 2 sets external trip commands (BIs → BOs)
u Configurable LEDs and output relays can satisfy users’ requirement
34
Function scheme
Application for two-winding transformer
35
Application for three-winding transformer
36
CSC-306 Generator Protection IED
Overview
CSC-306 is selective, reliable and high speed IED for generator protection.
The IED has complete protection function library, including comprehensive and intelligent generator differential
protection, multi-principle and high performance interturn fault protection, stator earth fault protection, rotor earth
fault protection, out-of-step protection, and many other protection functions.
existing stations.
Applications
CSC-306 has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
u For all kinds of capacities and types of generator/phase modifier
u Used as dedicated main protection IED with separated backup protection IED
u Used as main I/II with all protection functions integrated in one IED
Features
u Complete differential protection scheme
u Intelligent generator differential protection integrating with sampling values and steady-state values method
u Multi-principle and high performance interturn fault protection
u Multi-principle stator earth fault protection
u Advanced rotor single-point earth fault protection
u Out-of-step protection with multi-blinder and active power change
u Reliable criterion for CT secondary circuit intermittent failure supervision
u Independent startup element
37
u Independent frequency-measuring hardware channel
v Generator differential protection (87G)

v Interturn fault protection (16)
v Single-element transverse
- Differential protection
- Negative-sequence direction blocking zero-sequence voltage interturn protection
- Negative-sequence direction interturn protection
v Overcurrent protection (current can be memorized) with low-voltage and negative-sequence voltage blocking
element (51V)
v Compound overcurrent protection (46/51V)

v Phase-to-phase impedance protection (21)
v Fundamental zero-sequence voltage stator earth fault protection (59N)
v Third harmonic zero-sequence voltage stator earth fault protection (59THD)
v Rotor single-point earth fault protection (64R1)
v Rotor double-point earth fault protection (64R2)
v Stator overload protection (49GS)
v Rotor surface (negative-sequence) overload protection (49GR)
v Exciting winding overload protection (49GE)
v Overexcitation protection (24)
v Reverse power protection (32R)
v Loss-of-excitation protection (40)
v Out-of-step protection (78)
v Frequency abnormity protection (81)
v Generator startup and stop protection
v Inadvertent energizing protection (50/27)
v Exciting system overcurrent protection (51)
v Exciter differential protection (87E)
v Exciting transformer differential protection (87ET)
u Assembled AC current/voltage coupler
38
u Complete information recording: tripping reports, alarm reports, startup reports and general operation reports
Any kinds of reports can be stored up to 2000 and be memorized in case of power disconnection
u Multifunctional software tool for setting, monitoring, fault recording analysis, configuration, etc.
39
Function scheme
40
Appendix for CSC Protection IED Family
Appendix I Dimensions
Type 1 (Applied to CSC-101 Line Protection IED, CSC-103 Line Protection IED, CSC-161 Line Protection IED,
CSC-121 Breaker Protection IED, CSC-326 Transformer Protection IED and CSC-306 Generator Protection IED)
Figure 1 4U, 19” case with rear cover

Table 1 Dimension of the IED case
Legend A B C D E
Dimension 177 482.6 265 320 437.2
Unit: mm
Figure 2 Cut-out on the panel

Table 2 Dimension of the cutout for IED mounting
Legend A B C D E
Dimension 450 465 101.6 178 6.5
Unit: mm
41
Type 2 (Applied to CSC-150 Busbar Protection IED)
Figure 3 8U, 1/1 x 19” main case with rear cover

Table 3 Dimension of the 8U main case
Legend A B C D E
Dimension 354.8 482.8 267.7 320 450
Unit: mm
Figure 4 8U, 1/1 x 19” auxiliary case with rear cover

Table 4 Dimension of the 8U auxiliary case
Legend A B C D E
Dimension 354.8 482.8 267.7 320 450
Unit: mm
42
Figure 5 Cut-out for the panel mounting of 8U main case or auxiliary case
Table 5 Dimension of the cut-out for 8U IED panel mounting
Legend A B C D E F G
Dimension 450 465 101.6 76.2 101.6 355.6 6.5
Unit: mm
Figure 6 4U, 1/1 x 19” auxiliary case with rear cover

Table 6 Dimension of the 4U IED case
Legend A B C D E
Dimension 177 482.8 267.7 320 450
Unit: mm
43
Figure 7 Cut-out for the panel mounting of 4U case
Table 7 Dimension of the cut-out for 4U IED panel mounting
Legend A B C D E
Dimension 450 465 101.6 178 6.5
Unit: mm
Type 3 (Applied to CSC-211 Multifunction Protection IED)
Figure 8 Case of CSC-211 protection IED

Table 8 Dimension of the IED
Legend A B C D E F
Dimension 177 231 193.8 220.8 149 193.5
Unit: mm
44
Figure 9 Cutout for flush mounting on the panel
Table 9 Dimension of the cutout
Legend A B C D E
Dimension 199.5 213.5 101.6 156 6.5
Unit: mm
Type 4 (Applied to CSC-281 Series Protection IEDs)
Figure 10 Case of CSC281 protection IED

Legend A B C D E F
Dimension 175 142 118 187.73 150 132
Unit: mm
45
Figure 11 Cutout for flush mounting on the panel
Table 11 Dimension of the cutout
Legend A B
Dimension 142 164
Unit: mm
46
Appendix II Front Panel
1 5 4
3 8 6 7
1 Liquid crystal display (LCD)

2 LEDs
3 Shortcut function keys
4 Arrow keys
5 Reset key
6 Quit key
7 Set key
8 RS232 communication port
47
Appendix III Software Tools
CSmart software tool is a user-friendly software tool for engineering, parameter setting, disturbance handling and
monitoring. It provides versatile functionalities required throughout the life cycle of protection IEDs. Its features are
as follows:
u Device administration in projects with freely configurable hierarchies for any substation and electrical power
station topology
u Modification, import and export of parameter sets sorted by protection functions with setting logicality check
u Precise fault analysis by Fisewave software: visualization of fault records in curves over time, circle diagrams,
vector diagrams, bar charts and data sheet
u Intelligent plausibility checks rule out incorrect input

u Graphical visualization of characteristics and zone diagrams with direct manipulation of the curves
u Password-protected access for different jobs such as parameter setting, commissioning and controlling
(authorized staff only)
u Testing and diagnostic functions –decisive support in the commissioning phase
48
Appendix IV Technical Specifications
Basic data
Frequency
Item Data
System rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Internal current transformer

Item Data
Rated current In 1 or 5 A
Nominal current range (0.05 – 20) x In
Nominal current range of sensitive CT 0.005 to 1 A
≤ 0.1 VA at In = 1 A
Power consumption (per phase) ≤ 0.5 VA at In = 5 A
≤ 0.5 VA for sensitive CT
100 x In for 1 s
Thermal overload capability
4 x In continuous
100 A for 1 s
Thermal overload capability for sensitive CT
3 A continuous
Internal voltage transformer

Item Data
Rated voltage Vn (ph-ph) 100 V / 110 V
Nominal range (ph-e) 0.4 V to 120 V
Power consumption at Vn = 110 V ≤ 0.1 VA per phase
2 Vn , for 10 s
Thermal overload capability (phase-neutral voltage)
1.5 Vn , continuous
Auxiliary voltage
Item Standard Data
100 to 125 V DC
Rated auxiliary voltage Vaux IEC60255-1
195 to 250 V DC
Permissible tolerance IEC60255-1 ± 20% Uaux
Power consumption at quiescent state IEC60255-1 ≤ 50 W per power supply module
Power consumption at maximum load IEC60255-1 ≤ 60 W per power supply module
T ≤ 10 ms/I ≤ 25 A per power supply module,

Inrush Current IEC60255-1
T ≤ 5 ms/I ≤ 35 A, only for CSC-211
49
Binary inputs
Item Standard Data
110/125 V DC
Input voltage range IEC60255-1
220/250 V DC
154 V, for 220/250 V DC
Threshold1: guarantee operation IEC60255-1
77 V, for 110V/125 V DC
132 V, for 220/250 V DC
Threshold2: uncertain operation IEC60255-1
66 V, for 110V/125 V DC
Response time/reset time IEC60255-1 Software provides de-bounce time
Max. 0.5 W/input, 110 V DC
Power consumption, energized IEC60255-1
Max. 1 W/input, 220 V DC
Binary outputs
Item Standard Data
Max. system voltage IEC60255-1 250 V DC/AC
5 A continuous,
Current carrying capacity IEC60255-1
42 A, 1 s ON, 9 s OFF
1100 W(DC) at inductive load with L/R > 40 ms
Making capacity IEC60255-1
1000 VA(AC)
≥ 1000 cycles,
Breaking capacity IEC60255-1 DC220 V, 0.15 A, t = L/R ≤ 40 ms
DC110 V, 0.30 A, t = L/R ≤ 40 ms
Unloaded mechanical endurance IEC60255-1 50,000,000 cycles (3 Hz switching frequency)
IEC60255-1
Specification state verification IEC60255-23 UL/CSA, TŰV
IEC61810-1
IEC60255-1
Contact circuit resistance
IEC60255-23 30 mΩ
measurement
IEC61810-1
Open Contact insulation test (AC IEC60255-1
AC1000 V 1 min
Dielectric strength) IEC60255-27
Maximum temperature of parts and
IEC60255-1 55 °C
materials
50
Environmental influence
Item Data
-10 °C to +55 °C
Recommended permanent operating temperature (Legibility of display may be impaired above +55 °C/+131
°F)
Storage and transport temperature limit -25 °C to +70 °C
Permissible humidity 95% of relative humidity
IED design
Item Data
4U × 19 inch, for CSC-101,103,121,161, 326, 306
Case size 8U × 19 inch, for CSC-150
4U × 1/2 19 inch, for CSC-211
≤ 10 kg, for CSC-101, 103, 121, 161, 326, 306
Case size ≤ 16 kg, for CSC-150
≤ 5 kg, for CSC-211
51
Type tests
Product safety-related Tests
Item Standard Data
Over voltage category IEC60255-27 Category III
Pollution degree IEC60255-27 Degree 2
Insulation IEC60255-27 Basic insulation
IEC60255-27 Front plate: IP40
Degree of protection (IP)
IEC 60529 Rear, side, top and bottom: IP 30
2 kV, 50 Hz
2.8 kV DC
Between the following circuits:
● Auxiliary power supply
IEC 60255-5 ● CT / VT inputs
Power frequency high voltage ANSI C37.90 ● Binary inputs
withstand test GB/T 15145-2001 ● Binary outputs
● Case earth
DL/T 478-2001
500 V, 50 Hz
Between the following circuits:
● Communication ports to case earth
● Time synchronization terminals to case earth
5 kV (1.2/50 μs, 0.5J)
If Ui ≥ 63 V
1 kV if Ui < 63 V
IEC60255-5
Tested between the following circuits:
IEC 60255-27
Impulse voltage test ANSI C37.90
● CT / VT inputs
GB/T 15145-2001
● Binary inputs
DL/T 478-2001
● Binary outputs
● Case earth
Note: Ui: Rated voltage
IEC60255-5
IEC 60255-27
Insulation resistance ANSI C37.90 f ≥ 100 MΩ at 500 V DC
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
Protective bonding resistance IEC60255-27 ≤ 0.1 Ω
Fire withstand/flammability IEC60255-27 Class V
52
Electromagnetic immunity tests
Item Standard Data
Class III
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
Tested on the following circuits:
IEC60255-22-1 ● Auxiliary power supply
IEC60255-26 ● CT / VT inputs
1 MHz burst immunity test
IEC61000-4-18 ● Binary inputs
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1 ● Binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
● Communication ports
Level 4
IEC 60255-22-2 8 kV contact discharge
Electrostatic discharge
IEC 61000-4-2 15 kV air gap discharge
Both polarities; 150 pF; Ri = 330 Ω
Frequency sweep:
80 MHz – 1 GHz; 1.4 GHz – 2.7 GHz
Spot frequencies:
Radiated electromagnetic field
IEC 60255-22-3 80 MHz; 160 MHz; 380 MHz; 450 MHz; 900
disturbance test
MHz; 1850 MHz; 2150 MHz
10 V/m
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
Ppulse-modulated
IEC 60255-22-3 10 V/m, 900 MHz; repetition rate 200 Hz, on
disturbance test
duration 50%
Class A, 4 kV
IIEC 60255-22-4, ● CT / VT inputs
Electric fast transient/burst immunity
IEC 61000-4-4 ● Binary inputs
test
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1 ● Binary outputs
Class A, 2 kV
4.0 kV L-E
2.0 kV L-L
IEC 60255-22-5 ● CT / VT inputs
Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5 ● Binary inputs
● Binary outputs
2.0 kV L-E
53
Frequency sweep: 150 kHz – 80 MHz
IEC 60255-22-6 Spot frequencies: 27 MHz and 68 MHz
Conduct immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6 10 V
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
Class A
Power frequency immunity test IEC60255-22-7 300 V CM
150 V DM
Level 4
Power frequency magnetic field test IEC 61000-4-8
30 A/m cont. / 300 A/m 1 s to 3 s
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
● CT / VT inputs
100 kHz burst immunity test IEC61000-4-18 ● Binary inputs
● Binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
DC voltage interruption test

Item Standard Data
100% reduction 80 ms
DC voltage dips IEC 60255-11 60% reduction 200 ms
30% reduction 500 ms
DC voltage interruptions IEC 60255-11 100% reduction 5 s
DC voltage ripple IEC 60255-11 15%, twice rated frequency
60 s shut down ramp
DC voltage gradual shut–down /start-up IEC 60255-11 5 min power off
60 s start-up ramp
DC voltage reverse polarity IEC 60255-11 1 min
Electromagnetic emission test

Item Standard Data
IEC60255-25
Radiated emission 30 MHz to 1 GHz ( IT device may up to 5 GHz)
CISPR22
IEC60255-25
Conducted emission 0.15 MHz to 30 MHz
CISPR22
54
Mechanical tests
Item Standard Data
Class 1
10 Hz to 60 Hz: 0.075 mm
Sinusoidal Vibration response test IEC60255-21-1 60 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay energized
Class 1
10 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
Sinusoidal Vibration endurance test IEC60255-21-1
20 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay non-energized
Class 1
5 g, 11 ms duration
Shock response test IEC60255-21-2
3 shocks in both directions of 3 axes
Relay energized
Class 1
15 g, 11 ms duration
Shock withstand test IEC60255-21-2
Relay non-energized
Class 1
10 g, 16 ms duration
Bump test IEC60255-21-2
Relay non-energized
Class 1
X-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 7.5 mm
X-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :2 g
Seismic test IEC60255-21-3 Y-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 3.75 mm
Y-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis,
Relay energized
Climatic tests
Item Standard Data
IEC60255-27
Cold test - Operation -10 °C, 16 hours, rated load
IEC60068-2-1
IEC60255-27
Cold test – Storage -25 °C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-1
[IEC60255-27
Dry heat test – Operation +55 °C, 16 hours, rated load
IEC60068-2-2
IEC60255-27
Dry heat test – Storage +70 °C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-2
55
IEC60255-27 Test Nb, figure 2, 5 cycles
Change of temperature
IEC60068-2-14 -10 °C / +55 °C
IEC60255-27
Damp heat static test +40 °C, 93% r.h. 10 days, rated load
IEC60068-2-78
IEC60255-27
Damp heat cyclic test +55 °C, 93% r.h. 6 cycles, rated load
IEC60068-2-30
CE Certificate
Item Data
EMC Directive EN 61000-6-2 and EN61000-6-4 (EMC Council Directive 2004/108/EC)
Low voltage directive EN 60255-27 (Low-voltage directive 2006/95 EC)
Station communication ports

Front communication port
Item Data
Number 1
Isolated, RS232; front panel,
Connection
9-pin subminiature connector, for CSmart
Communication speed 9600 baud
Max. length of communication cable 15 m
RS485 communication port

Item Data
Number 0 to 2
1, only for CSC-211
2-wire connector
Connection
Rear port in communication module
Max. length of communication cable 1.0 km
Test voltage 500 V AC against earth
IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
Factory setting 9600 baud,
Communication speed
Min. 1200 baud, Max. 19200 baud
56
Ethernet communication port
Item Data
Electrical communication port
Number 0 to 3
RJ45 connector
Connection
IEC 61850 protocol
Communication speed 100 Mbit/s
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number 0 to 2
SC connector
Connection
Optical cable type Multi-mode
IEC 61850 protocol
Note: There is not optical Ethernet port in CSC-211
Time synchronization
Item Data
Mode Pulse mode
IRIG-B signal format IRIG-B000
2-wire connector
Connection
Voltage levels Differential input
57
Remote communication
Fiber optic communication ports
Item Data
Number 1 to 2
Fiber optic cable type Single-mode
1310 nm, when the transmission distance < 60 km
Optic wavelength
1550 nm, when the transmission distance > 60 km
Optic received sensitivity -38 dBm
> -8 dBm (the transmission distance < 40 km)
Emitter electric level > -4 dBm (the transmission distance 40 ~ 60 km)
> -3 dBm (the transmission distance > 60 km)
FC, when the transmission distance < 60 km)
Fiber optic connector type
SC, when the transmission distance > 60 km
64 kbit/s, G703
Data transmission rate
2,048 kbit/s, G703-E1
Max. transmission distance 100 kM
58
Functions for transmission network, sub-transmission network and
power plants
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1 A or 5 A;
Line differential protection (ANSI 87L)

Item Rang or Value Tolerance
Differential current of
● Phase segregated differential protection 0.1 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% or ±0.02 In
● Sudden change differential protection
Differential current of
0.1 In to 4.00 In ≤ ±3% or ±0.02 In
Zero sequence differential protection
Time delay of Zero sequence differential protection 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s ≤ ±1% or +20 ms
Operating time of
25 ms typically at 200% setting,
● Phase segregated differential protection
and IDifferential > 2IRestraint
● Sudden change differential protection
Transformer differential protection (ANSI 87T)

Instantaneous differential current 0.5 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02In
Percentage differential current 0.08 In to 4.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02In
Restraint current 1 0.1 In to 1 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02In
Restraint current 2 0.1 Inr to 10 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02In
Slope 1 0.0 to 0.2
Slope 2 0.2 to 0.7
Slope 3 0.25 to 0.95
nd
2 harmonic restraint ratio 0.05 to 0.80 of fundamental
3rd / 5th harmonic restraint ratio 0.05 to 0.80
Reset ratio of restrained differential Approx. 0.7
≤ 30ms at 200% setting, and
Operating time of restraint differential
IDifferential>2IRestraint
Operating time of instantaneous differential 20ms typically at 200% setting
Reset time Approx. 40 ms
59
Generator differential protection (ANSI 87G)
Instantaneous differential current 0.5 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
Percentage differential current 0.1 In to 1.00 In ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Restraint current 1 0.5 In to 1 In ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Slope 0.3 to 1
Operating time of percentage differential ≤ 30ms at 200% setting, and

IDifferential>2 IRestraint
Generator Split-phase transverse differential protection and incomplete differential

protection (ANSI 87G)
Percentage differential current 0.1 In to 2.00 In ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Restraint current 0.3 In to 1 In ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Slope 1 0.3 to 1

≤ 30ms at 200% setting, and
Operating time of percentage differential
IDifferential > 2IRestraint
Reset time Approx. 40ms
Busbar differential protection (ANSI 87BB)

Differential Current 0.4 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Stabilization factor 0.3 - 0.99
Differential current reset threshold 0.1 In
Operating time < 15 ms typically at 200% setting
Reset time < 50 ms
60
Restricted earth fault protection (ANSI-87N)
Differential current 0.08 In to 2.00 In ±3% setting or ±0.02In
Slope 0.2 to 0.95
≤ ±1% setting or +40 ms, at 200%
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
energizing setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.7, at tripping
Operating time ≤ 30 ms, at 200% setting
Distance protection (ANSI 21, 21N)

Number of settable zone 6 zones
Distance characteristic Polygonal
0.01 Ω ~120 Ω, step 0.01 Ω, when In = 5 A ≤ ± 5.0% static accuracy
Resistance setting range
0.05 Ω ~ 600 Ω, step 0.01 Ω, when In =1 A Conditions:
Reactance setting range 0.01 Ω ~120 Ω, step 0.01 Ω, when In = 5 A Voltage range: 0.01 Un to 1.2 Un
0.05 Ω 600 Ω, step 0.01 Ω, when I =1 A Current range: 0.12 In to 20 In
~ n
≤ ±1% or +20 ms, at 70%

Time delay of distance zones 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s energizing setting and setting
time > 60 ms
Operation time 22 ms typically at 70% setting of zone 1
Dynamic overreaching for zone 1 ≤ ±5%, at 0.5 < SIR < 30
Inter-turn fault protection (ANSI 16)

Transverse differential protection of single element
Current 0.08 In to 10.00 In ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
≤ ±1% setting or +50 ms,
Time delay after rotor single earth fault 0.10 to 1.00 s, step 0.01 s
at 200% energizing setting
Filtering ratio of the 3rd harmonic > 100
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 when I/In ≥ 0.5
zero-sequence voltage protection blocked by negative-sequence directional element
Zero sequence voltage of stage 1 3.00 to 100.00 V
≤ ±2.5% setting or ±0.05 V
Zero-sequence voltage of stage 2 1.00 to 100.00 V
Time delay of stage 1 0.10 to 30.00 s, step 0.01 s ≤ ±1% setting or +40 ms,
Time delay of stage 2 0.10 to 30.00 s, step 0.01 s at 200% energizing setting
61
The most sensitive angle of negative
82.5° ±5°
sequence directional element
Operating range of negative sequence
0° ~ 165°
directional element
Filtering ratio of the 3rd harmonic > 100
Negative-sequence directional inter-turn protection
Fault component of negative sequence
0.02 In to 1.00 In ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02In
current
Fault component of negative sequence
0.5 V to 10 V ≤ ±2.5% setting or ±0.05 V
voltage
The most sensitive angle of steady-state
82.5° ±5°
component
< 0.5% SN at the most sensitive
Minimum operating negative-sequence angle.
increment SN : rated secondary capacity
volume of generator
Operating range of negative sequence
0° ~ 165°
directional element
Operating time < 200 ms at the most sensitive angle
Tele-protection (ANSI 85 – 21, 21N, 67N)

Operating time 25ms typically in permission mode for 21/21N, at 70% setting
Overcurrent protection (ANSI 50, 51, 67)

Definite time characteristics
≤ ±1% setting or +40ms, at 200%
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01s
energizing setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 at I/In ≥ 0.5
Inverse time characteristics
Normal inverse
Very inverse ≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 <I/ISETTING <
IEC standard 20, in accordance with IEC60255-151
Extremely inverse
Long inverse
62
Inverse
Short inverse
Long inverse; ≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/ISETTING
ANSI Moderately inverse < 20, in accordance with ANSI/IEEE
Very inverse C37.112
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
User-defined characteristic T=
( i
( I_SET )
A* k
P
1 )
+B * k ≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/ISETTING <
20, in accordance with IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time, A 0.005 to 200.0 s, step 0.001 s

Delay of inverse time, B 0.000 to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
Index of inverse time, P 0.005 to 10.00, step 0.005
Set time Multiplier for step n: k 0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
Minimum operating time 20 ms
Maximum operating time 100 s
Reset mode Instantaneous
Reset time Approx. 40 ms,
Directional element
Operating area range 170°
≤ ±3°, at phase to phase voltage >1 V
Characteristic angle 0° to 90°, step 1°
Earth fault protection (ANSI 50N, 51N, 67N)

Definite time characteristic
energizing setting
Reset time approx. 40 ms
Normal inverse
IEC60255-151
Very inverse
IEC standard ≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
Extremely inverse
ISETTING < 20
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Long inverse ANSI/IEEE C37.112
ANSI Moderately inverse ≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
Very inverse ISETTING < 20
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
63
( )
IEC60255-151
A* k
User-defined characteristic T= i P
+B k ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2 < I/
( I_SET ) 1 ISETTING < 20
Directional element
Operating area range of zero
160°
sequence directional element ≤ ±3°, at 3U0 ≥ 1 V
Operating area range of negativ*
160°
e sequence directional element ≤ ±3°, at 3U2 ≥ 2 V
Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G, 67G)

energizing setting
Reset time approx. 40 ms
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/
Very inverse
IEC standard ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
Extremely inverse
IEC60255-151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Long inverse ≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
ANSI Moderately inverse ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
Very inverse ANSI/IEEE C37.112
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
( i
A
( I_SET )
P
1 )
+B k
≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
IEC60255-151
64
Delay of inverse time, B 0.000 to 60.00s , step 0.01 s
Directional element
≤ ±3°, at 3U0 ≥ 1 V
≤ ±3°, at 3U2 ≥ 2 V
Emergency/backup overcurrent protection (ANSI 50, 51)

energizing setting
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
IEC60255-151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Long inverse ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2 < I/
ANSI Moderately inverse; ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
User-defined characteristic
(
T= i
A
( I_SET )
P
1 )
+B k
≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
IEC60255-151
65
Emergency/backup earth fault protection (ANSI 50N, 51N)
energizing setting
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
IEC60255-151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
(
T= i
A
( I_SET )
P
1 )
+B k
≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/
IEC60255-151
Sensitive/neutral earth fault protection (ANSI 50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)

Current from sensitive CT input 0.005 to 1.000 A , step 0.001 A ≤ ±3% setting value or 1 mA
Current from neutral CT input 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting value or 0.02 In
≤ ±1.5% setting value or +40 ms,
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00, step 0.01 s
at 200% energizing setting
Current from sensitive input 0.005 to 1.000 A , step 0.001 A ≤ ±3% setting value or 1 mA
Current from normal input 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting value or 0.02 In
66
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
IEC60255-151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
( i
A
( I_SET )
P
1 )
+B k
≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/
IEC60255-151
Directional element for sensitive earth-fault protection
I cos Φ
Principles
Φ (V0 / I0)
IE and VE measured
Direction measurement
or 3V0 calculated
≤ ±3% setting for measured
voltage
3U0 Minimum voltage threshold 2.00 to 100.00 V, step 0.01 V
≤ ±5% setting for calculated
voltage
Characteristic angle Φ_SEFChar 0.0° to 90.0°, step 1° ≤ ±3°
Operating area range 160° ≤ ±3°
67
Negative sequence overcurrent protection (ANSI 46)
Current 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting value or ±0.02 In
energizing setting
Reset time ≤ 40 ms
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 for I2 /In > 0.5
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2 < I/
Very inverse
IEC standard ISETTING < 20, in accordance
Extremely inverse
with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
( )
≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/
A
+B k ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
( I_SET ) 1 IEC60255-151
68
Unsymmetrical overload protection (ANSI 46) for generator
Current 1.0 In to 10.00 In ≤ ±2.5% setting value or ±0.02 In
energizing setting
Reset ratio >0.95 for I2 /In > 0.5
Current 1.0 In to 10.00 In ≤ ±2.5% setting or ±0.02 In
A2
T=
Time characteristic
(( IIg) +I )
2
2
2∞
2 ±5% or ±25 ms
Long-term sufferable negative-

0.05 ~ 0.5 ≤ ±5%
sequence current multiple I2∞
Heat-capacity coefficient A2 1 ~ 20
Reset ratio > 0.95
Symmetrical overload protection for generator

energizing setting
K1
Time characteristic T=
(( Imax
Ig ) +a )
2
1
2 ±5% or ±25 ms
Radiating coeffIcient a1 1 to 3 ≤ ±5%

Heat-capacity coefficient K1 1 ~ 99
Reset ratio > 0.95
69
Rotor overload protection (ANSI 46)
energizing setting
Cl
Time characteristic T=
(( IImax
ex ) )
2
1 ±5% or ±25 ms
Heat-capacity coefficient CL
1 ~ 100
Reset ratio > 0.95
Inrush restraint function

Upper function limit
0.25 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting value or ±0.02 In
Max current for inrush restraint
Ratio of 2nd harmonic current to
0.10 to 0.45, step 0.01
fundamental component current
Cross-block (IL1, IL2, IL3) (settable
0.00 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s ≤ ±1% setting or +40 ms
time)
Switch-onto-fault protection (ANSI 50HS)

Phase current 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
Zero-sequence current 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
≤ ±1% setting or +40 ms, at
Time delay of phase overcurrent 0.00 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
200% energizing setting
Time delay of zero sequence ≤ ±1% setting or +40 ms, at
0.00 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01s
current 200% energizing setting
70
Thermal overload protection (ANSI-49)
Thermal heating time constant 1 to 9999 s
Thermal cooling time constant 1 to 9999 s
{I I I } IEC 60255–8,
2
IEC cold curve t =t ln 2

eq
2
eq q ≤ ±5% setting or +40 ms
t =t ln{
I I}
I I2 2
IEC 60255–8,
IEC hot curve 2
eq
2
p
Breaker failure protection (ANSI 50 BF)

Phase current
Negative sequence current 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
zero sequence current
Time delay of stage 1 0.00 s to 32.00 s, step 0.01 s
energizing setting
Time delay of stage 2 0.00 s to 32.00 s, step 0.01s
Reset ratio > 0.95
Reset time of stage 1 < 20 ms
Dead zone protection (ANSI 50SH-Z)

Time delay 0.00 s to 32.00 s, step 0.01 s
energizing setting
Reset ratio > 0.95
Pole discordance protection (ANSI 50PD)

Current
0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
energizing setting
Reset ratio > 0.95
71
STUB protection (ANSI 50STUB)
energizing setting
Reset ratio > 0.95
Overexcitation protection (ANSI 24)

Reference voltage UN 40 to 130 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Inverse time characteristic
Ratio 1.00 to 1.50 ≤ ±2.5% of the setting or 0.01
Time delay 0.1 s to 9999 s ≤ ±5% setting or ±70 ms
Pair of Values for characteristic of 1.05 /1.10 /1.15 /1.20 /1.25 /1.30 ≤ ±5% setting or ±70 ms
V/f /1.35 /1.40 /1.45 /1.50
Reset time, Approx. 70 ms
Reset ratio ≥ 0.96
≤ ±5% setting or ±70 ms, at 200%
Time delay T 0.1 s to 9999 s
energizing setting
Reset time, Approx. 70 ms
Reset ratio ≥ 0.96
Undervoltage protection (ANSI 27)

Phase-to-phase voltages or
Voltage connection ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage 5 to 75 V , step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Phase to phase voltage 10 to 150 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Reset ratio 1.01 to 2.00, step 0.01 ≤ ±3% setting
energizing setting
Current criteria 0.08 to 2.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
72
Overvoltage protection (ANSI 59)
Voltage connection ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage 40 to 100 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Phase to phase voltage 80 to 200 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Reset ratio 0.90 to 0.99, step 0.01 ≤ ±3% setting
energizing setting
Reset time < 40 ms
Voltage displacement protection (ANSI 64)

Pickup threshold 3V0 (calculated) 2 to 100 V, step 1 V ≤ ± 5 % setting value or ±1 V
≤ ±1 % setting or +50 ms, at 120%
energizing setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95
Synchro-check and voltage check (ANSI 25)

Synchronization check:
● Synch-check
● Energizing check, and synch-
check if energizing check failure
Operating mode ● Override
Energizing check:
● Dead V4 and dead V3Ph
● Dead V4 and live V3Ph
● Live V4 and dead V3Ph
Voltage threshold of dead line or bus 10 to 50 V (phase to earth), step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or 1 V
Voltage threshold of live line or bus 30 to 65 V (phase to earth), step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or 1 V
∆V-measurement Voltage difference 1 to 40 V (phase-to-earth), steps 1 V ≤ ±1V
Δf-measurement (f2 > f1; f2 < f1) 0.02 to 2.00 Hz, step, 0.01 Hz, ≤ ±20 mHz
Δα-measurement (α2 > α1; α2 < α1) 1° to 80°, step, 1° ≤ ±3°
Minimum measuring time 0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s, ≤ ±1.5% setting value or +60 ms
Maximum synch-check extension 0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s, ≤ ±1% setting value or +50 ms
time
73
Auto-Recloser (ANSI 79)
Up to 4
Number of recloser shots Shot 1 to 4 is individually
selectable
Internal protection functions
AR initiating functions
External binary input
Dead time, separated setting for shots
0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
1 to 4
Reclaim time 0.50 s to 60.00s, step 0.01 s
Blocking duration time (AR reset time) 0.05 s to 60.00s, step 0.01 s
Circuit breaker ready supervision time 0.50 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s ≤ ± 1% setting value or +50 ms
Dead time extension for synch-check

0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
(Max. SYNT EXT)
Stator earth fault protection

Protection based on zero-sequence voltage principle
Zero sequence voltage 5 to 50 V ≤ ±2.5% setting
Time delay 0.1 to 30 s
energizing setting
Reset ratio > 0.95
Protection based on 3rd harmonic voltage principle
Restraint ratio 0.2 ~ 20 ±10%
rd
3 harmonic voltage ratio 0.5 ~ 2 ±5%
energizing setting
Rotor earth fault protection

Rotor single earth fault protection
Resistance 0.5 kΩ ~ 50 kΩ ≤ ±10% or ±0.5 kΩ
Time delay 1.0 to 30 s ≤ ±1% setting or ±1 s
Rotor double-earth fault protection
nd
2 harmonic voltage in stator
0.5 V ~ 20 V ±2.5% or ±0.05 V
positive-sequence voltage
≤ ±1% setting or ±1 s, at 120%
energizing setting
74
Loss of excitation protection
Rotor single earth fault protection
Impedance 0 to 200 Ω ≤ ±5% or ±0.1 Ω
Exciting voltage 20 to 500 V
Salient-pole active power 1 to 400 W
Slope in alterable exciting voltage criterion 0.05 ~ 10
Generator voltage and electric power grid voltage 30 to 100 V
Time delay of stage 1 0.1 to 30 s ≤ ±1% setting or ±1 s
Time delay of stage 2 0.1 to 2000 s
Out of step protection

Resistance boundary and transformer reactance 0 to 200 Ω ≤ ±5% or ±0.1 Ω
Time delay of resistance in an area 0.01 to 1 s ≤ ±1% setting or ±1 s
Reverse power protection

1.0% to 50% PGn
Active power PGn: rated active power of generator
Reset ratio > 0.9
< 10 W, the secondary three phase power at ≤ ±10%
Minimum active power
rated current 5 A
Over/under frequency protection

Measuring frequency 40 to 65 Hz
Frequency setting of under frequency 45 to 49.99 Hz ≤ ±0.02 Hz
Frequency setting of over frequency 50.01 to 55 Hz
Continuous time delay 1 to 6000 s
≤ ±2.5%
Accumulation time 1 to 600 min
75
Generator startup/shutdown protection
Zero-sequence voltage 5 to 50 V ≤ ±2.5%
≤ ±1% or ±70 ms, at 120%
energizing setting
Differential current 0.2 to 1 In ≤ ±2.5% or ±0.02 In
Operating time of differential protection < 70 ms, at 200% setting
Inadvertent circuit breaker closing protection

Current 0.20 to 1.00 In
≤ ±2.5% or ±0.02 In
Operating time < 220 ms, at 200% setting
Phase to phase distance protection

Impedance 0 to 200 Ω ≤ ±5% or ±0.1 Ω
Impedance opposite offset ratio 0 to 100
Minimum operating current 0.1 In
≤ ±1% or ±40 ms, at 70%
energizing setting
VT secondary circuit supervision (97FF)

Minimum current 0.08 In to 0.20 In, step 0.01 A ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
Minimum zero or negative sequence current 0.08 In to 0.20 In, step 0.01 A ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Maximum phase to earth voltage 7.0 V to 20.0 V, step 0.01 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Maximum phase to phase voltage 10.0 V to 30.0 V, step 0.01 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Normal phase to earth voltage 40.0 V to 65.0 V, step 0.01 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
76
Functions for sub-transmission network and distribution network
Restricted earth fault protection (ANSI-87N)
Differential current 0.08 In to 2.00 In ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Slope 0.2 to 0.95
energizing setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.7, at tripping
Operating time ≤ 30 ms, at 200% setting
Overcurrent protection (ANSI 50, 51, 67)

Definite time characteristics
Current 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02In
≤ ±1.5% setting or +40ms, at 200%
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
energizing setting
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2 <I/
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
IEC60255-151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Long inverse ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2 <I/
ANSI ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
Moderately inverse
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
( )
≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2 <I/
A* k
+B * k ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
( I_SET ) 1 IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time, A*k 0.001 to 1000.0s, step 0.001s
Delay of inverse time, B*k 0.00 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
Index of inverse time, P 0.01 to 10.00
77
Directional element
≤ ±3°, at phase to phase voltage >2V
Earth fault protection (ANSI 50N, 51N, 67N)

≤ ±1.5% setting or +40 ms, at 200%
energizing setting
Reset time Aapprox. 40 ms
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/ISETTING
Very inverse
IEC standard < 20, in accordance with IEC60255-
Extremely inverse
151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Long inverse ≤ ±5% setting +40 ms, at 2 < I/ISETTING
ANSI < 20, in accordance with ANSI/IEEE
Moderately inverse
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
( i
A* k
( I_SET )
P
1 )
+B * k
< 20, in accordance with IEC60255-
151
Time factor of inverse time, A*k 0.001 to 1000.0 s, step 0.001 s
Delay of inverse time, B*k 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
Directional element
Operating area range of zero
160°
Operating area range of negative
160°
78
Sensitive/neutral earth fault protection (ANSI 50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)
≤ ±3% setting value or 0.02 In
Current from neutral CT input 0.08 In to 20.00 In
≤ ±1.5% setting value or +40 ms, at
Current from neutral CT input 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting value or 0.02 In
Normal inverse
≤ ±5% setting + 40 ms, at 2 < I/ISETTING
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Moderately inverse
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
( i
( I_SET )
A
P
1 )
+B k
151
Delay of inverse time, B*k 0.00 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
Directional element for sensitive earth-fault protection
I cos Φ
Principles
Φ (V0 / I0)
IE and VE measured
Direction measurement
or 3V0 calculated
≤ ±3% setting for measured voltage
3U0 Minimum voltage threshold 2.00 to 100.00 V, step 0.01 V
≤ ±5% setting for calculated voltage
Characteristic angle Φ_SEFChar 0.0° to 90.0°, step 1°
≤ ±5°
79
Negative sequence current protection (ANSI 46)
Current 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting value or ±0.02 In
≤ ±1.5% setting or +40 ms, at 200%
energizing setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 for I2/In > 0.5
Normal inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
151
Long inverse
Inverse
Short inverse
Moderately inverse
Extremely inverse
Definite inverse
( i
A
( I_SET )
P
1 )
+B k
≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2 < I/ISETTING
151
Delay of inverse time, B*k 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
Inrush restraint function

Upper function limit
0.25 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting value or ±0.02In
Max current for inrush restraint
Ratio of 2nd harmonic current to fundamental
0.07 to 0.50, step 0.01
component current
Ratio of 2nd harmonic zero sequence current
to fundamental component zero sequence 0.07 to 0.50, step 0.01
current
≤ ±1.5% setting or +40 ms, at
Cross-block (IL1, IL2, IL3) (settable time) 0.00 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01s
80
Thermal overload protection (ANSI-49)
Thermal cooling time constant 1 to 9999 s
Cool down time constant 0.1 to 10
IEC cold curve { }

t =t ln
I 2eq
I I q2
2
eq
IEC 60255–8,
≤ ±5% setting or +40 ms
t =t ln{
I I}
I I2 2
IEC 60255–8,
IEC hot curve 2
eq
2
p
Breaker failure protection (ANSI 50 BF)

Phase current
Negative sequence current 0.08 In to 20.00 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
zero sequence current
≤ ±1.5% setting or +40 ms, at 200%
energizing setting
Reset ratio > 0.95
Reset time < 30ms
Dead zone protection (ANSI 50SH-Z)

≤ ±1.5% setting or +60 ms, at 200%
Time delay 0.00s to 60.00s, step 0.01s
energizing setting
Undervoltage protection (ANSI 27)

Phase-to-phase voltages or ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Voltage connection phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage 5 to 75 V , step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Phase to phase voltage 10 to 150 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Reset ratio 1.01 to 2.00, step 0.01 ≤ ±3 % setting
≤ ±1.5 % setting or +60 ms, at 80%
energizing setting
0.08 to 2.00 In
Current criteria ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02In
0: Function disable
81
Overvoltage protection (ANSI 59)
Voltage connection ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
phase-to-earth voltage
Phase to earth voltage 40 to 100 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Phase to phase voltage 80 to 200 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Reset ratio 0.90 to 0.99, step 0.01 ≤ ±3 % setting
≤ ±1.5 % setting or +60 ms, at 120%
energizing setting
Reset time < 50 ms
Voltage displacement protection (ANSI 64)

Pickup threshold 3V0 (calculated) 2 to 100 V, step 1 V ≤ ± 5 % setting value or ±1 V
≤ ±1.5 % setting or +60 ms, at 120%
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01s
energizing setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95
Synchro-check and voltage check (ANSI 25)

Synchronization check:
● Synch-check
● Energizing check, and synch-
check if energizing check failure
Operating mode ● Override
Energizing check:
● Dead V4 and dead V3Ph
● Dead V4 and live V3Ph
● Live V4 and dead V3Ph
Voltage threshold of dead line or bus
10 to 50 V (phase to earth), step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or 1 V
Voltage threshold of live line or bus
30 to 65 V (phase to earth), step 1 V ≤ ±3% setting or 1 V
∆V-measurement Voltage difference 1 to 40 V, steps 1 V ≤ ±1 V
Δf-measurement (f2 > f1; f2 < f1) 0.02 to 2.00 Hz, step, 0.01 Hz ≤ ±20 mHz
Δα-measurement (α2 > α1; α2 < α1) 1° to 80°, step, 1° ≤ ±3°
Minimum measuring time 0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s ≤ ±1.5% setting value or +60 ms
Maximum synch-check extension
0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s ≤ ±1.5% setting value or +60 ms
time
82
Auto-Recloser (ANSI 79)
Up to 4
Number of recloser shots Shot 1 to 4 is individually
Selectable
Internal protection functions
AR initiating functions
External binary input
Dead time, separated setting for shots 1 to 4 0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
Reclaim time 0.50 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
Blocking duration time (AR reset time) 0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s ≤ ±1.5% setting value or
Circuit breaker ready supervision time 0.50 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s +60 ms
Dead time extension for synch-check (Max.

0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
SYNT EXT)
Load shedding protection

Under Frequency Load shedding
Frequency for f =50 Hz 45.50 to 50.00 Hz, step 0.01 Hz ≤ ±20 mHz
Time delay 0.05 to 60.00 s, step 0.01 ≤ ±1.5 % setting or +60 ms
Under Voltage Load shedding
Voltage 50 to 110 V, step 1V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
≤ ±1.5 % setting or +60 ms, at 80%
energizing setting
Over Load Load shedding
Phase current 0.08 to 20 A for In =1 A
≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
0.25 to 100 A for In =5 A
≤ ±1.5 % setting or +60 ms, at
Time delay 0.10 to 60.00 s , step 0.01 s
Blocking condition
Frequency change rate Δf/Δt 1 to 10 Hz/s ≤ ±0.5 Hz/s
Voltage change rate Δu/Δt 1 to 100 V/s, step 1 V/s ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Blocking voltage 10 to 120V, step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Blocking current 0 to 2 In ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
Operating time Approx. 60 ms
Ratio undervoltage blocking Approx. 1
83
VT secondary circuit supervision (97FF)
Minimum current 0.08 In to 0.25 In, step 0.0 1A ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02 In
Minimum zero or negative sequence current 0.08 In to 0.25 In, step 0.01 A ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02 In
Maximum phase to earth voltage 7.0 V to 20.0 V, step 0.01 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Maximum phase to phase voltage 10.0 V to 30.0 V, step 0.01 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
Normal phase to earth voltage 40.0 V to 65.0 V, step 0.01 V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
84
Substation Automation System
Overview
CSC-2000 substation automation system (V2) is made up of station level equipments and bay level equipments.
These equipments compose a system with dual Ethernet connection in station level. The station level equipments
include gateway equipments and local monitoring equipments. Local monitoring equipments include data server,
operator workstation, protection engineer workstation, maintenance workstation, etc. Besides, it can integrate
fail-safe workstation, VQC workstation. Gateway is responsible for communication with dispatching center and
centralized control center. Bay level equipments include monitoring and control equipment, HV protection IED, LV
monitoring, control and protection integrated equipments, etc. The third-party bay level equipments, which do not
support standard protocol, can be integrated into the system with communication management unit.
System structure
The system is a 2-level structure composed of station level and bay level. The two levels are connected with
double-network redundant Ethernet with transmission velocity ≥ 100Mbps.
u Substation level
v Substation level includes mainly remote control equipment and local monitoring and control system
v Independent set of remote control equipment acquires substation data from network and communicates
with dispatching center in higher authority via various mediums with various protocols. The remote control
information is directly acquired and sent off
v The functions performed by the local monitoring and control system include supervisor control and data
85
acquisition (SCADA), automatic voltage & reactive power control (AVQC), fail-safe unit and operation-
order-sheet. These functions are configured flexibly in the computer according to client’s requirements.
The local monitoring and control system enjoys the flexibility of tailoring – adding or reducing functions. For
substations of 110kV and under, all functions can be performed in a single computer
u Bay level
v Bay level of V2 system includes measurement and control equipment and various protection. All equipments,
directly connected to station level network, support double Ethernet
v Relay Interface Unit (CSM-320E) can also be configured in bay level for inputting protection information
from equipments designed by other manufactures. DL/T667-1999 (idt IEC60870-5-103) is recommended for
access protocol. The equipment also supports other international or domestic standard protocols as well as
the private protocols developed by the main manufacturers in China
Features
The substation automation system has the following characteristics:
u Complete hierarchical distributed design to make the bay level equipments endure the bad environment and
can be installed separately
u Complete bay oriented configuration to enable the easy maintenance and high reliability
u Equally independent substation master systems can operate reliably and can be expanded easily
u Bay level adopts flexible network configuration and highly reliably hardware platform
u Efficient, flexible and reliable communication network
u Realize three control modes: remote, HMI and local with accurate control rate of 100%
u The operation monitoring of the primary equipments can communicate with each other and realize operation
blocking according to electrical unit and operation interlocking between different electrical unit without
dependence on substation level equipment and bay level measurement and control equipments
u The redundancy technology is widely applied in various key links of the system, including host redundancy,
network redundancy, gateway channel redundancy, etc. to improve the reliability of the system
u Complete AVQC function
u Flexible fail-safe function interfacing of substation level
u Fully support IEC61850 and realize the compatibility with the traditional communication technology. The system
is fully open
u The substation level adopts general embedded communication platform
u Reliable and flexible programmable operation scheme can satisfy the requirements for programmable operation
in different conditions
u The bay level equipment fully passed IEC 61850 conformance testing organized by RTU Inspection Center,
China Electric Power Research Institute and IEC 61850 conformance testing and accreditation in KEMA in the
Netherlands
u The system possesses high safety level. It passed safety test performed in Information Security Laboratory of
China State Grid Corporation
u Local monitoring and control system is applicable for hybrid platform of multi-operation system (Windows/UNIX)
and multi-hardware system (32/64-bit)
86
u Local monitoring and control system is designed with unified graphic database and equipped with embedded
functions of AVQC, operation-order-sheet and integrated fail-safe unit
u Embedded software/hardware design technology fulfils generalization of station level communication platform
and fits it into an equipment to conveniently meet various requirements in different applications
u Monitoring &control and protection in bay level adopts network hardware platform. Its standardized and
modularized hardware is convenient for configuration and expansion
u Monitoring &control protection in bay level fully support IRIG-B code time synchronization
Local SCADA
The Local SCADA system software can run in both Windows operation system, and UNIX operation system, and
also can be widely applied in windows/Unix mixing system platforms.
The system has significant technical superiority compared with other products. The real-time database adopts
distributed structure; the graphics system of the software is self-developed, and integrated with real-time
database; information processing, searching, and filtrating and intelligent second alarming are improved in alarm
system; topology analysis and dynamic coloring help operators to grasp the operation conditions easily.
The system is a high integrated system. Interlock system and local SCADA system use the same database and
graphics to prevent the false operations; the local SCADA system integrated VQC function, realizes regulation of
voltage level in substation; protection management function are applied for the system to manage relay protection
equipments.
Supporting mixed system platforms

V2 SCADA system supports mixed platform in both software and hardware:
u Supports Windows/UNIX mixed operation system platform
u According to different requirements, all the operator workstation can apply UNIX operation system or Windows
operation system. In addition, the operator station and engineer station can adopt Windows operation system
when the server employs UNIX operation system
u Supports 64/32 bit mixed hardware platform
u According to different requirements, all the operator workstation can apply 64 bit hardware or 32 bit hardware.
Additionally, the operator station and engineer station can adopt 32 bit hardware when the server employs 64
bit hardware
Graphics library integrated in database

The integration of graphics and database decreases the workload in project design and maintenance, makes
system operating more reliably.
u Real-time database can be built automatically in the process of engineering drawing. Graphical editing can
build relevance with corresponding graphics elements, which avoids false operation when relating manually
u Real-time database has close relation with graphics. Real-time database can be changed to drive the graphics
conveniently, and realize functions like fault inference figure and alarm; graphics can also be reflected in real-
time database
Intelligent alarm system

Intelligent alarm system has following significations:
87
u Self-defined alarm types
v The system changed the fixed alarm modes defined from manufactures, and the alarm types in substation
can be completely defined by users. This improvement can satisfy the different requirements for different
geographical regions in maximal limit
v The system can establish the alarm type templates for different requirements of regions. When the system is
installed in first time, on the basis of the region, typical template can be selected and alarm types then can
be generated automatically without manual definition
u Alarm filtration
v Alarm filtration includes following functions

v It can be set in alarm types that only important alarm can pop up alarm box in screen, so unimportant alarm
will not affect current operations
v In the alarm box, it can be selected that only to monitor particular alarm information, and filter the rest
v The “alarm lights” (the alarm lights are suspended in the information window of screen edge, including
corresponding icons of alarm types, and do not affect the normal local SCADA operations) will be flashing
when some alarm information received. Operators can choose to check or continue current operations
u Graphic alarm light
v Each SCADA menu of the system has the own push figure alarm light, but can be configured to use or
not. When a protection event occurs and some switch trips, the system considers the event a fault. The
fault point in the graphics will be inferred and pushed automatically in screen. User can also regulate the
quantities of push figure lights in alarm system. When alarm happens, alarm light of relative graphic starts
to flash. Operators can click mouse to enter into responding SCADA menu, or ignore alarm and continue
current operation
u Second alarm function
v Some alarm signal can be set second alarm function. If the occurrence time exceeds limit or occurrence
times exceeds limit in setting time, the system can generate alarm information again
u Intelligent retrieval
v The occurred alarm signals, not reset or confirmed, can be organized in accordance to bay level by system.
The formed retrieval can be viewed and checked for operators
Distributed real-time database

Real-time database management system supports redundancy database structure and image database structure,
to guarantee the distributed configuration of database. Redundancy database structure adopts one main and
one backup structure. Main database can update data simultaneously with backup database, or independently.
When fault occurs in main database, backup database becomes new main database. Image database structure
is composed of a reference database (source database) and one or several image databases. Each database is
proper copy of source database. The generation processing of image database is the copy processing of source
database, and all the changes of source database will be reflected the image database.
To be specific, distributed real-time database has the following features:
u Supply flexible mechanism for different data structure and data model. Structure and capacity of real-time
database can be altered according to modifying configuration files
u Support redundancy configuration. Main server and backup server run standby, and each client node has
complete backup copy of real-time database
88
u Supply distributed access mechanism. Each node can access real-time database via interfaces
u Support concurrent access to database and guarantee the security, consistency, and integrity of data
u Database recovery and reset function when system in fault
u Quick copy and backup function of database
u Support multiple users and multiple computer nodes and guarantee real time
u Supply interactive user and program with multiple flexible interfaces and services
u Real-time and online work mode. The modification and refresh of real-time database are online. The real-time
database of all the nodes can be refreshed synchronously after the modification
Protection management function

Protection management program realizes the central management of all protection equipments, including all the
SIFANG protection equipments and the protection equipments from other manufacturers with protocol converter
interfaces. Specific functions include: protection setting values management, sampling values, operation events
record and interrogation of equipments version.
The main features:
u Friendly interface and easy operation
u Reasonable authority management; different authorities are needed when interrogating setting value and
modifying setting value
u Interrogated setting values can be saved and printed; the saved setting values also can be downloaded to
equipments
Topology analysis and dynamic coloring function

Topology analysis and dynamic coloring function can identify the electrical situation in graphical interface
according to status of primary equipments, which helps operator grasp the entire working circumstance in the
substation.
Functions
● SCADA application ● On-line computation
● Data acquisition and processing Accumulated and interval values of electricity
Monitoring and alarming Summed power and electricity
Operation control and logic blocking Qualified voltage rate
Sequence of event (SOE) recording Load factor
Post disturbance review Power balance
● Human-machine interface ● Management of protection information
Single-line diagram Settings
Bay level diagram Setting group switch
Alarm window Soft pressboard
System structure diagram Disturbance recording
● Gateway ● Report and curve
● AVQC ● Interlockiing
● IED interface ● Programmed operation
89
CSC-1320 Gateway
Overview
CSC-1320 gateway is communication product based upon 32-bit microprocessor chips. With advanced
embedded operating system and flexible module design, CSC-1320 is mainly used in the station layer
communication equipment of substation automation system, fitting for incoming and outgoing information in
monitor system, telecontrol system and sub-station equipment of the fault information system in different voltage
levels.
Features
u The equipment adopts rear module plug structure. Single equipment supports 12 modules at most. In other
words, except the necessary CPU module and power module, ten more modules can be configured. The width
of each module is the same, which actually realizes flexible configuration. Every module can be installed in any
slot (for convenient maintenance, CPU module and power module are required to be installed in the most left
slot and the most right slot respectively in back sight), with enough support provided by the system
u The module communicates with each other through internal network, which is mainly based upon industy
Ethernet, with CAN-bus for assistance. The two communication methods are proved to be mature and stable
after long term test in many fields, ensuring the quickness and reliability of the internal communication
u The internal Ethernet is connected in switching mode, supporting cascade to other equipments
Functions
The equipment can be used as the communication station in substation control layer. The function including:
u Communicate with protection, measurement, control and record equipments via different communication
protocols
u Communicate with control levels via dispatching protocols
u Communicate with workstations via CSC2000 protocol, IEC60870-5-103 protocol or expended IEC103 protocol
u Communicate with workstation of fault information system via expended IEC103 protocol
u Have the capacity to save protection fault information and record data
u Save 8×24 hour telemeter data
Software
The software adopts leveled module structure. The application level and hardware driver level are separated,
enabling the CPU module, Ethernet module, serial port module and field bus module to use the same program.
90
Configuring the hardware driver to different type can support the use of the same application in different types of
module.
The software adopts leveled module structure, making a platform of strong generality. Following functions are
included:
u Support any protocol to incoming information
u Support any protocol to outgoing information
u Support ordinary telecontrol protocol and incoming protocol
u Support partial fault information sub-station protocol
u Support single and dual system configuration
u Support embedded sub-station with background mode
u Support programmed control function from dispatching terminal
As station control layer equipment, CSC-1320 can be used as telecontrol equipment, protection and fault
information management equipment (sub-station), and substation communication equipment (telecontrol+ sub-
station).
Layout and Dimension

The equipment uses IEC60297-3 standard aluminum alloy case whose length is 4U, width is 19 inches (or 19/2
inches, according to configuration and ordering requirement), and adopts integrated panel and lockable plugging
functional module. The equipment adopts embedded horizontal installation, with wiring from the rear. The
dimensions of IED and sizes of the installation openings refer to figure 1 to figure 4:
Figure 1 4U, 19” case with rear cover
Table 1 Dimension of the IED case
Case size A B C D E
4U,1/1x19’’ 177 482.6 265 320 437.2
Unit: mm
91
Figure 2 Cut-out on the control Panel
A B C D E E
450 465 101.6 178 4-φ6.5 437.2
Unit: mm
Figure 3 19/2’’ case with rear cover
Case size A B C D E F
4U,1/2x19’’ 177 231 193.8 220.8 149 193.5
Unit: mm
92
Figure 4 Cutout on the panel
Table 4 Dimension of the cutout on the panel
A B C D E
199.5 213.5 101.6 156 6-φ6.5
Unit: mm
93
CSI-200E Monitoring and Control IED
Overview
CSI-200E monitoring and control IED is designed for SAS of 110kV and above. And it can also be applied in
power plants or serve as common monitoring and control devices.
CSI-200E is designed for individual bay, which include transformer bay, 110kV line bay, 220kV line bay, 500kV line
bay, 750 kV line bay, bus-bar Bay, bypass Bay, kiosk bay, common bay (for Station auxiliaries), etc.
Features
u Flexible configuration modularized hardware enables the device to be configured according to the existing site
conditions
u Excellent EMC compatibility capability. Passed 9EMC standard items defined in IEC61000-4
u Large LCD with friendly interface on the device front panel
u The single-line diagram can be displayed on the device. CB and switches, which are included in the diagram,
can be operated directly in LOCAL mode from the device front panel
u All records of device running and operation are stored in Non-Volatile permanent memory and the data will not
be lost in case of power failures, enabling easy fault analysis
u Powerful communication capability. Providing optic or electronic Ethernet interface, LonWorks interface, RS
485 interface to communicate with other device
u Because CSI-200E is tested automatically, it needs no test onsite, enabling more reliability and more
convenience
u Complete self-diagnosis enables easy and fast trouble shooting
u Contrast of the LCD can be adjusted for various environments
u Measurable and visible internal temperature makes it possible to understand the change of environment
Functions
u Analog acquisition: Including CT/PT inputs
u DC and temperature input acquisition: Including various DC inputs
u Pulse counter data acquisition and remote metering
u On load tap changer operation: Tap changer position Data, acquisition and remote Tap Changer control
u Digital acquisition: DI groups can be defined as various types. DI Debounce handling is also available
u Remote control: Remote operation CB and switches
94
u Local operation: Super user may enter into load mode to operate CB and switches with the Front panel MMI,
enabling easy selection of the primary equipments
u Bay management. It can manage other SIFANG IED in the Bay, transmitting the messages between the IED
and the station level devices
u Synchronization function: Sychro-check, manual quasi-synchro-check can be chosen according to the user’s
requirement
u Fault line detection of low current grounding system
u Device function can be configured to fit various requirement from the clients. And PLC programming is also
available for achieving critical Bay interlocks
Technical specification
u AC current and voltage accuracy: + 0.2% of full scale
u Power accuracy: + 0.5% of full scale
u DC accuracy: + 0.2% of full scale
u Temperature error: ±1 ℃
u Capacity of the drive-out contact 5 A
u SOE resolution: ≤ 2 ms
u Uplinkdata response time: ≤ 2 s
u Frequency deviation: ≤ ±0.01 Hz
95
CSC-196 Power System Time Synchronization IED
Overview
CSC-196 power system time synchronization IED is a timing reference signal output device which is developed
and produced by SIFANG. according to specifications of time synchronization system for power system for
providing accurate time synchronous signals to equipments of substations and dispatching ends such as the
PMU, protection, control, monitor, fault record devices and so on.
Features
u It is strictly designed according to specifications of time synchronization system for power system. Multi-
type time synchronization systems such as basic mode, master-slave mode and run-standby mode can be
configured. The working logic and technical parameters of the clock comply with the specifications and output
signals can be freely expended
u Multi external time reference signals such as GPS, Beidou (BD) and IRIG-B (DC), up to 4 time reference
signals are available per clock. The signals are mutual redundant hot standby with excellent reliability
u The core time-transfer algorithm of the device is based on the patent 200410009685.2 (“Beidou No.1” satellite
navigation system and GPS mutual standby time transfer method and equipment), which may filtrate random
error of input signal second punctual edge. When multi input time signals are accessed, it can identify and
follow the best input signal automatically and guarantee time accuracy of the output signal to be better than
1us, which is meeting the requirement of PMU and other devices to accurate time-transfer signals
u The 19’’ 2U standard rack-type case and modularization design are adopted. Input signal receiving modules
and time signal output modules can be configured as required
u It has good maintainability. The front panel can display working status of the equipment; the serial port can
provide detailed operating state information and failure diagnosis information for all inputs and outputs for
finding fault reasons quickly; the input and output time reference signals can be transferred to the test port
u Treatment of leap second identification complies with Specifications of Time Synchronization System for Power
System and IEEE C37.118-2005. Information about leap second can be obtained in advance, and its forenotice
mark is set to meet requirement of PMU
Functions
u Many time synchronization signals such as the time synchronization pulse, IRIG-B code, serial port time
message and network time message (SNTP) is able to export
u Many time synchronization signal interfaces such as optical fiber, idle contact, TTL, RS-422/485, RS-232 and
Ethernet port are available
u Both master clock and slave clock have built-in high-accurate crystal oscillators, which may maintain time
synchronization signal exporting automatically when external time reference signal in abnormal. Time accuracy
under self time keeping state is better than 0.92 us/min (55 us/h)
96
u It supports time compensation function, and can set compensating parameters of all input and output signals
freely to compensate errors caused by long distance signal transmission, thereby guaranteeing output signal
accuracy of each master clock or slave clock to reach±1 us
u It supports double power hot standby. All output interfaces are isolated outputs
Layout and dimension
Figure 1 2U 19’’ case with rear cover
Table 1 Dimensions of the IED case
Case size A B C D
2U,1/1x19’’ 88 482.6 294 432
Unit: mm
Figure 2 Cut out on the panel
A B C D E
451 465 76.2 90.2 4-φ7
Unit: mm
97
Appendix for Substation Automation System
Appendix I Technical specifications of CSC-1320 Gateway
Basic data
Frequency
Item Data
Rated auxiliary voltage

Item Data
220 V
DC voltage 110 V
48 V
AC voltage 220 V/50 Hz
Permissible tolerance ±20%
Power consumption
CSC-1320/1: < 25 W
In normal condition
CSC-1320/2: < 50 W
Response time
Item Data
Telesignalization response time ≤1s
Telemeter response time ≤3s
98
Type tests
Insulation test
Item Data
IEC 60255-5:2000
Standards GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
Voltage test (100% test)
2 kV,50 Hz,1 min
All circuits besides auxiliary voltage and RS485/ IEC 60255-5:2000
RS232 and time synchronization GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
3.5 kV DC
IEC 60255-5:2000
Auxiliary voltage
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
500 V,50 Hz,1 min
Communication ports and time synchronization IEC 60255-5:2000
terminals GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
Impulse voltage test
5 kV (Ui ≥ 63 V) /1 kV (Ui < 63 V)

All circuits, except communication ports and time IEC 60255-5:2000 class III
synchronization GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-200
Insulation resistance
> 100 MΩ at 500 V DC
IEC 60255-5:2000
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
99
Electromagnetic compatibility tests
Item Data
GB/T 14598.9-2002
identify IEC 60255-22-3:2000, for radiated electromagnetic field
disturbance test
GB/T 14598.10-2007
Identify IEC 60255-22-4:2002, for electrical fast transient/burst
Immunity test
GB/T 14598.13-2008
Modify from IEC 60255-22-1:2007, for 1MHz burst immunity test
GB/T 14598.14-1998
identify IEC 60255-22-2:1996, for electrostatic discharge test
Standards GB/T 14598.17-2005
Identify with IEC 60255-22-6:2002, for Conducted
electromagnetic field disturbance tests
GB/T 14598.18-2007
Identify with IEC 60255-22-5:2002, for surge immunity test
GB/T 14598.19-2007
Identify with IEC 60255-22-7:2003, for power frequency
immunity test
GB/T 14598.20-2007
Identify with IEC 60255-26:2004, for electromagnetic
compatibility requirements
2.5 kV (peak value); 1 MHz
Test duration 2 s
High-frequency burst disturbance test
IEC 60255-22-1, class III
and VDE 0435 Part 303, class III
8 kV contact discharge
15 kV air gap discharge
Electrostatic discharge Both polarities; 150 pF; Ri = 330 Ω
IEC 60255-22-2; class IV
and EN 61000-4-2; class IV
Radio-frequency electromagnetic field
10V/m, 80 to 1000 MHz
disturbance
IEC 60255-22-3, class III
non-modulated
Radio-frequency electromagnetic field 10 V/m, 80MHz to 2.7GHz
disturbance 80%AM; 1 kHz
amplitude-modulated IEC 61000-4-3, class III
100
Radio-frequency electromagnetic field
10 V/m, 900 MHz; repetition rate 200 Hz, on duration 50%
disturbance
IEC 61000-4-3/ENV 50204, class III
pulse-modulated
4 kV
Fast transient disturbance
IEC 60255-22-4 and IEC 61000-4-4, class IV
High-energy surge voltages (Surge) 2 kV
Auxiliary voltage IEC 61000-4-5, class II
Radio-frequency line-conducted 10 V; 150 kHz to 80 MHz
disturbance, AM 80 %; 1 kHz
amplitude-modulated IEC 61000-4-6, class III
30 A/m; 50 Hz, continuous
300 A/m; 50 Hz, 3 s
Power frequency magnetic field test 0.5 mT, 50 Hz
IEC 61000-4-8, class IV
IEC 60255-6
2.5 kV, 1 MHz
Oscillatory surge withstand capability test
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
4 kV
Fast transient surge withstand capability
5 kHz
test
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
10 V/m; 25 to 1000 MHz
Radiated electromagnetic field disturbance amplitude and pulse-modulated
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.2
2.5 kV (peak value, polarity alternating)
Damped wave 100 kHz, 1 MHz, 10 and 50 MHz, Ri = 200 Ω
IEC 60694 / IEC 61000-4-12
30MHz to 1GHz ( IT device may up to 5 GHz)
Radiated emission CISPR11, class A
EN61000-6-4:2005
0.15MHz to 80 MHz
Conducted emission CISPR11, class A
EN61000-6-4:2005
101
Item Data
Temperatures
-25 °C to +70 °C
Type-tested , test Bd, for 16 h IEC 60068-2-1
IEC 60068-2-2
-10 °C to +55 °C
IEC 60255-6
Recommended permanent operating temperature
(Legibility of display may be impaired above +55 °C
/+131 °F)
Storage and transport temperature limit -25 °C ~ +70 °C
Humidity
Permissible humidity 95% of relative humidity
IED design
Item Data
4U × 19 inch
Case size
4U ×19/2 inch
Dimensions See dimension section
Weight ≤ 10 kg
IP20 class I
Protection level EN 60529
IEC 60529
CE certificate
Item Data
EN 61000-6-2 and EN61000-6-4 (EMC Council
EMC Directive
Directive 2004/108/EC)
102
Communication ports
Front communication port
Item Data
Number 1
Isolated, RS232; front panel
Connection
9-pin subminiature connector
Communication speed 9600 baud
RS232/RS485 communication port for each module

Item Data
Number 6
2-wire connector
Connection
Factory setting 9600 baud
Communication speed
Min. 1200 baud, Max. 19200 baud
Ethernet communication port for each module

Item Data
Electrical Ethernet communication port
0 ~ 2 (CPU-C, CPU-D)
Number
0 ~ 4 (CPU-N, CPU-M)
RJ45 connector
Connection
Rear port in Ethernet module
IEC 61850 protocol
Optical Ethernet communication port
Number 0 ~ 2 (CPU-F)
SC connector
Connection
Rear port in Ethernet module
103
IEC 61850 protocol
Item Data
Mode IRIG-B
IRIG-B signal format
2-wire connector
Connection
Rear port in synchronization module
104
Appendix II Technical specifications of CSC-196 Power System Time
Synchronization IED
Basic data
Frequency
Item Data
System frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Rated auxiliary voltage

Item Data
110 V DC
Rated value 125 V DC
220 V DC
Power consumption
In normal condition < 50 W
Receiver
Item Data
Channels 12 (following 12 satellites)
Capture < 160 dBW
Receiving sensitivity
Tracing < 163 dBW
Capture time Warm start < 50 s
Cold start < 50 s
Time accuracy 500 ns
Antenna
Item Data
Sensitivity < 163 dBW
Operating temperature range -40 ℃ ~ 70℃
105
Alarm output
Item Data
Max. system voltage 250 V DC/AC
Current carrying capacity 3 A continuous
30 W(DC)
Making capacity at inductive load with L/R>10 ms
62.5 VA(AC)
Breaking capacity 250 V/3 A, for AC30 V/3 A, for DC
106
Type tests
Insulation test
Item Data
IEC 60255-5:2000
Standards GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
Voltage test (100% test) -40 ℃ ~ 70 ℃
2 kV, 50 Hz,1 min
All circuits besides auxiliary voltage and RS485/ IEC 60255-5:2000
RS232 and time synchronization GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
500 V,50 Hz,1 min
Communication ports and time synchronization IEC 60255-5:2000
terminals GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
Impulse voltage test
5 kV (Ui ≥ 63 V) /1 kV (Ui < 63 V)
All circuits, except communication ports and time IEC 60255-5:2000 class III
synchronization GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
> 100 MΩ at 500 V DC
IEC 60255-5:2000
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
107
Item Data
u GB/T 17626.2-1998
v Identify IEC 61000-4-2:1995, for electrostatic
discharge immunity test
u GB/T 17626.3-1998
v Identify IEC 61000-4-3:1995, for Radiated, radio-
frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
u GB/T 17626.4-1998
v Identify IEC 61000-4-4:1995, for Electrical fast
transient/burst immunity test
u GB/T 17626.5-1998
v Identify IEC 61000-4-5:1995, for surge immunity test
Standards u GB/T 14626.10-1998
v Identify with IEC 61000-4-10: 1995, for Damped
oscillatory magnetic field immunity test
u GB/T 17626.9-1998
v Identify with IEC 61000-4-9, for pulse magnetic field
immunity test
u GB/T 17626.8-1998
v Identify with IEC 61000-4-8:1995, for power frequency
magnetic field immunity test
u GB/T 17626.12-1998
v Identify with IEC 61000-4-12:1995, for Oscillatory
waves immunity test
8 kV contact discharge
15 kV air gap discharge
both polarities; 150 pF; Ri = 330 Ω
IEC 61000-4-2; class IV
Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field 10 V/m, 80 to 1000 MHz
disturbance IEC 61000-4-3, class III
4 kV on power ports
Electrical fast transient/burst disturbance 2 kV on I/O ports
IEC 60255-22-4 and IEC 61000-4-4, class IV
4.0 kV open-circuit test
Surge disturbance
30 A/m; 50 Hz, continuous field
Power frequency magnetic field 300 A/m; 50 Hz 1s to 3 s
IEC 61000-4-8, class I V
300 A/m field strength
Pulse magnetic field
108
30 A/m (peak)
Damped oscillatory magnetic field 2s
2.5 kV (peak value, polarity alternating)
Oscillatory waves
IEC 61000-4-12
Mechanical tests
Item Data
During operation
IEC 60255-21-1:1988
Standards
IEC 60255-21-2
Sinusoidal
10 to 50 Hz; +/-0.035 mm amplitude
Vibration 50 to 150 Hz
IEC 60255-21-1, class 2
IEC 60068-2-6
Semi-sinusoidal
Acceleration 5 g, duration 11 ms; 6 shocks in both
Shock directions of 3 axes
IEC 60255-21-2, class 1
IEC 60068-2-27
During transportation
Standards IEC 60255-21-2
Sinusoidal
5 to 8 Hz: ± 7.5 mm amplitude
8 to 150 Hz; 2 g acceleration
Vibration Frequency sweep 1 octave/min
20 cycles in 3 perpendicular axes
IEC 60255-21-1, class 2
IEC 60068-2-6
Semi-sinusoidal
Acceleration 15 g, duration 11 ms
Shock 6 shocks in both directions of 3 axes
IEC 60255-21-2, Class 1
IEC 60068-2-27
Semi-sinusoidal
Acceleration 10 g, duration 16 ms
2000 shocks in both directions
Continuous shock
of 3 axes
IEC 60255-21-2, class 1
IEC 60068-2-29
109
Environmental tests
Item Data
Temperatures < 163 dBW
-25 °C to +70 °C
Type-tested , test Bd, for 16 h IEC 60068-2-1
IEC 60068-2-2
-10 °C to +55 °C
IEC 60255-6
Recommended permanent operating temperature
(Legibility of display may be impaired above +55 °C
/+131 °F)
Storage and transport temperature limit -25 °C ~ +70 °C
Humidity
Permissible humidity 95 % of relative humidity
IED design
Item Data
Case size 2U × 19 inch
See outline and installation dimension
Dimensions
drawing
IP20 class I
Protection level EN 60529
IEC 60529
CE certificate
Item Data
EMC Directive
110
Clock configuration
Maximal configuration scheme 1
Item Data
GPS
Input channels 1
Maximal length of antenna 150m
Signal interface BNC antenna
IRIB-G
Input channels 2
Maximal length of antenna /
Signal interface Optical fiber

Item Data
BD
Input channel 1
Maximal length of antenna 100 m
Signal interface TNC antenna
IRIB-G
Input channels 2

Item Data
GPS
Input channels 2
111
Item Data
GPS
Input channels 1
BD
Input channels 1
Signal interface TNC antenna

Item Data
IRIG-B
Input channels 4

Item Data
EMC Directive
112
Functions
Time synchronization pulse
Item Data
Pulse width 105 ms
Pulse types
PPS 1
PPM 0~1
PPH 0~1
Time accuracy of interface
Idle contacts Better than 3 us
820nm multimode ST optical fiber interface Better than 1 us
1310nm monomode SC optical fiber interface Better than 1 us
Differential interface Better than 1 us
Serial port time message output

Configuration
Support standard message format complying with Specifications of time
Message format
Synchronization of power system and SIFANG message format
Message output time Can be configured as output by second, by minute, or by hour.
Output baud rate Can be configured as 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 bit/s
RS232, RS422/485, 820 nm multimode ST optical fiber, 1310monomode SC
Interface types
Optical fiber
Frame header Aligning with front edge of PPS deviation less than 1ms
CE certificate
IRIG-B output
Specifications of time synchronization of power system,
Reference standard
complying with IEEE C37.118-2005
RS422/485, 820nm multimode ST optical fiber,
Interface types
1310monomode SC optical fiber
Time accuracy Better than 1 us
IRIG-B (AC)
Carrier frequency 1 kHz
Frequency jitter ≤ 1% of carrier frequency
3 V ~ 12 V, high amplitude; 10 V, typical
Signal amplitude (peak to peak)
3:1 ~ 6:1, modulation ratio; 3:1, typical
113
Output impedance 600 Ω
Time accuracy of second punctual point Better than 20 us
Specifications of time synchronization of power system,
Reference standard
complying with IEEE C37.118-2005
SNTP interface output

Item Data
Interface type 10/100 M Ethernet RJ45, psychical isolation
Time synchronization accuracy Better than 10 ms
Output modules configuration

Channels of output signal Data
IRIG-B (AC) module 3, A1
8, A2 EN 60255-27 (Low-voltage directive 2006/95 EC)
Multimode optical fiber output module 4
Monomode optical fiber output module 2
Network time synchronization module 2
Other output modules (idle contact type signal output
module, serial port message output module, differential 8
signal output module, TTL signal output module, ect.)
Effective transmission distance of signals

Item Data
Multimode optical fiber < 2 km
RS232 < 15 m
RS422/485 < 150 m
Idle contact < 150 m
Electrical Ethernet interface RJ45 < 100 m
TTL < 10 m (not recommended for strong EMI environment)
IRIG-B < 1000 m
Monomode optical fiber < 20 km
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Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)
Overview
WAMS of SIFANG has been implemented in over 14 national, inter-regional and provincial control centers, such
as China State Grid Dispatching Center until to the end of 2010, Central China Inter-regional Grid Dispatching
Center, Sichuan Provincial Grid Dispatching Center, etc. WAMS of SIFANG plays important roles in monitoring
and analysis of power system dynamic process. Power low frequency oscillation events and disturbance events
have been recorded by WAMS for many times in practical operation, which helps dispatcher analyze accident
cause and solve the problem.
Applications
u Normal operation monitoring
Under normal operation state, PMU measurements such as voltage phasor, current phasor, active power,
frequency, etc, at different locations of whole power grid are displayed in real time.
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u Low frequency oscillation detection and analysis
When low frequency oscillation phenomenon occurs, by employing the visualization techniques, power swings
against each other between different generator groups can be displayed in real time in an impressive way, thus
the source of oscillation can be easily located. After matching with the online small signal stability program
calculation results, some control suggestions can be provided for the dispatcher.
u Low frequency oscillation statistics and assessment

Daily switch operations and load changes can stimulate small oscillations in power systems, and these small
oscillations also contain the information of intrinsic oscillation modes. Hence, identifications and statistics of the
small low frequency oscillations excited by daily random disturbances in power systems are undertaken. By
analyzing the statistical result, the intrinsic oscillation modes of power systems can be found from the daily field
data.
116
u Fast Positioning of Faults
When some faults, such as short-circuit fault, occur in the power system, by employing the visualization
techniques, some diagnosis can help dispatchers quickly locate the fault area, which is important for the
dealing with the fault;
u Assessment on Generator Operation Performance

To ensure the safe and reliable operation of power systems, operation performance of generators on-speed
control, excitation control must satisfy some requirements. For example, when the system frequency deviates
from the nominal frequency over a threshold, generator units’ power output and frequency curve are analyzed
to assess the effect of primary frequency regulation of the generator. Moreover, when large voltage drop is
detected at the end of generator, the excitation control performance on voltage supporting will be assessment.
117
With some award/penalty measures based on the assessment results, the enthusiasm from the power plant
side is improved to provide required regulation performances.
Features
u Professional WAMS platform technique
Self-developed massive data compression without loss technique (compression ratio>5:1, being accepted for
implementation in China State Power Grid Intelligent Dispatching Technique Supporting System); Capability of
massive real time data processing, up to 50,000 measurement points per 10 ms; Supporting IEC 61970 CIM
and SVG; High performance visualization technique, to refresh dynamic curve and render 2D graph per 100
ms, etc.
u Plenteous advanced application functions
Low frequency oscillation detection, clustering, and visualization; Small magnitude power oscillation statistics
and evaluation; Oscillation value and mode shape identification; Power system fault location; Performance
evaluation on generator primary frequency control, etc.
u Innovative wide area protection and control systems
Wide area low frequency oscillation damping control system; Intelligent wide area protection system; Frequency
regulation for large scale wind power integration into power system, etc.
Technical specifications
u Size and capacity of the system
The WAMS system is capable of processing up to 200 substations, 50,000 measurement points per 10 ms.
u Real time performance index
v Response time for screen refreshing ≤ 3 seconds
u Data storage indicator
v Stored length of historical data can be set in the range from 1 month to 1 year, depending on the capacity of
hard disk
v Lossless massive data compression ratio > 5:1
u Reliability index
v Annual availability of any hardware equipment is no less than 99.9%; Annual availability of system is no less
than 99.9%
v Service life of system is ≥ 10 years
v Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) ≥ 5 years
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CSD-364A Phasor Measurement Unit
Applications
There are a number of applications for phasor measurements, such as:
u Continuous logging for detailed off-line post contingency analysis, e.g., WAMS (Wide Area Measurement
System) applications
u Improved state estimation for SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), EMS (Energy Management
System)
u System wide protection and emergency control applications
u Power system oscillation monitoring and damping functions
u Loss of synchronism mitigation
Advanced control and supervision systems will allow the operation of the power system closer to its thermal
limits (increase of power flow) without violating reliability constraints. Introduction of the Phasor Measurement
Unit CSD-364A, is the first step towards more efficient and reliable network operation.
A number of CSD-364A, connected in a star configuration to a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC), make sure
that relevant phasor data are available for off-line studies and post-fault analysis. Each CSD-364A has typically
12, 24 or 36 analog input channels for voltages and currents. Each is continuously sending data to PDC at a
selectable speed of up to 100/120 times per second.
Functions
u Synchronized sampling and phasor calculation
u Measuring the internal potential of generators
u Analysis tool such as event replaying and data format conversion
u All the functions are designed according to IEEE C37.118
Features
u Time tagged AC phasors, positive sequence voltages and currents as real and imaginary quantities, for local or
remote applications
u Frequency and rate of change of frequency
u Data transfer rate is selectable to 2 per cycle, 1 per cycle, 1 per 2 cycles, or 1 per 4 cycles. A specific anti-
aliasing filter has been designed for each transfer rate, to capture an optimum of the power system dynamics
u Synchronized sampling of PMUs in different substations, by the use of GPS-based time signals
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u Time tagging accuracy up to 1 μs
u Highly accurate voltage and current measurement, and phase angle calculation
u Normally 6 analog current inputs, and 6 analog voltage inputs. Optionally additional 6 or 12 inputs both for
currents and voltages
u Settable pick-up levels are available: frequency, rate of change of frequency, single-phase phasors of voltages
and currents, positive-, negative- and zero-sequences of voltages and currents, single-phase phasor leaps of
voltages and currents, positive-, negative- and zero-sequence leaps of currents and voltages, and binary input
leaps
u Three normally open output contacts, one hold and two unhold, for each of triggering, streaming data failure,
unbalanced signals, and time alarm
u A normally closed output contact, hold, for loss of dc
u Twenty-eight binary inputs
u Two remote communication ports 10/100 Base Tx, and one optical remote communication port 100 Base Fx
with ST glass fibre connectors for TCP/UDP and streaming data in C37.118 synchrophasor format
u Front-mounted menu-driven display for displaying positive sequence voltage and current measurements as
amplitude and phase angle. The angle reference is selectable to any phasor or the GPS time reference
u Continuous self-monitoring and diagnostics
u Protective relay technology and EMC noise suppression
u Available for 19 inch rack mounting in a panel, surface or flush mounting
u PNNL Evaluation enabled
Ordering instruction
The analog transformer input modules (type AIM) are configured to the application with a maximum of 6 input
transformers for current and 6 input transformers for voltage for each analog input module; a maximum of 3
analog input modules can be included. The basic versions occupy 1/1 of a 4U 19” rack.
The CSD-364A Phasor Measurement Unit contains hardware always needed as well as the software functions.
The hardware in the unit is fixed, except for the optional two other AIM modules.
Product specification
Ordering Numbe Quantity
Basic data:
Nominal frequency: 50/60 Hz
Rated VT input voltage 100/√3 V
(across each individual input)
Rated CT input current 1 A or 5 A
(to be selected below)
Auxiliary dc voltage EL 77-154 V or 154-308 V
(to be selected below)
120
Hardware
In the tables below the hardware requirements for CSD-364A have been listed. If the hardware is ordered
according to the tables, also the corresponding configuration will be downloaded in the unit.
PSM Module
Auxiliary DC voltage
Available options for Power Supply Module
77-154 V
154-308 V
AIM Module
with standard connection compression screw 6I+6U1)
Analog Input Module 1
(Rated CT input current: 1 A )
Optional addition
Optional addition
1)6I + 6U = Six CT Inputs and Six VT Inputs
Mounting details
Mounting details with IP30 degree of protection from the front for the unit case:
Phasor Measurement Unit:
19” rack
Wall mounting (applicable for unit)
Flush mounting (applicable for unit)
Flush mounting with IP54
(Only available for flush mounted units)
No mounting details
GPS Antenna
GPS Antenna
Antenna cable (L = 50 m)
Antenna cable (L= 100 m)
Set of antenna mounting details
121
Appendix for Wide Area Measurement System
Appendix I Technical Specifications of CSD-364A Phasor Measurement Unit
Table 1 Energizing quantities, rated values and limits
Quantity Rated value Nominal range Operative range
Current In = 1 A ,< 0.2 VA at In (0-2) x In (0.03 - 40 x In)
Burden or 5 A, < 0.5 VA at In continuously 40 x In for 1 s
AC voltage Ph-Ph* Un = 100 V
80-120% of Un 80-120% of Un
Burden < 0.5VA at Un
Frequency f = 50/60 Hz ±2.5 / ±3.0 Hz ±5.0 / ±6.0 Hz
EL = (77-154) V
Auxiliary DC voltage EL
EL = (154-308) V 80% ~ 110% 70% ~ 140%
power consumption
< 40 W 80% ~ 110% 70% ~ 140%
Auxiliary DC power
220 V DC, < 70 A, 0.1 ms
in-rush
110 V DC, < 70 A, 0.1 ms
Binary input (28)
module RL24 = 24 V ±20% ±20%
DC voltage RL
Ambient temperature 20 °C -10 °C to +55 °C -25 °C to +70 °C
Ripple in dc auxiliary voltage max. 2% max. 12% Full wave rectified
Relative humidity 20-95% 20-95% 5-95%
* Ph-ph or ph-earth voltage may be directly connected across the analog voltage inputs
Table 2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), immunity tests1)

Test Type test values Reference standards
2.5 kV peak common mode
1 MHz burst disturbance IEC 60255-22-1, Class III
1.0 kV peak differential mode
Indirect application 8 kV, contact discharge IEC 60255-22-2, Class IV
Direct application
8 kV, contact discharge IEC 61000-4-2
Indirect application
Fast transient disturbance 4 kV IEC 60255-22-4, Class IV
Surge immunity test 2-4 kV, 1.8/50 µs, high energy IEC 60255-22-5,Class IV
10 V/m (80-1000) MHz IEC 61000-4-3
disturbance
The galvanic Ethernet communication port (RJ-45) follows the IEEE Standard 802.3TM-2002 physical
specification.
Table 3: Insulation tests1)

Vibration 2.0 kV ac 1 min IEC 60255-5
Shock and bump 5 kV, 1.2/50 μs, 0.5 J IEC 60255-5
Insulation resistance > 500 Mohm at 500 V DC IEC 60255-5
The galvanic Ethernet communication port (RJ-45) follows the IEEE Standard 802.3TM-2002 physical
specification.
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Table 4: Mechanical tests
Vibration Class I IEC 60255-21-1
Shock and bump Class I IEC 60255-21-2
Seismic Class I IEC 60255-21-3
Table 5: Additional general data

Weight approximate < 18 kg
Dimensions: 465 mm
Width
178 mm
Height
Depth 281 mm
Object Penetration protection level IP 30
Storage temperature -10 °C to +55 °C
Table 6: GPS Antenna and cable
Function Value
Max antenna cable attenuation 26 dB at 1.6 GHz
Antenna cable impedance 50 Ohms
Lightning protection Must be provided externally
Table 7: Accuracy
Specification Value
Receiver accuracy ±1 μs relative UTC
Table 8: Service values for input quantities displayed on the built in HMI
Function Nominal range Accuracy

Frequency fr ±5 Hz ±1 mHz at three phase connection
Rate of change of frequency 5 Hz/s
Current (0 - 2) x In ±0.2%
Voltage (0.3 – 1.2) x Un ±0.2%
Angles -180.0° ~ 180° ±0.1°
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Table 9: Trigger U, DU
Quantity Parameter Range and step

Limit under-voltage trigger, in V phasor A lowLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit under-voltage trigger, in V phasor B lowLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit under-voltage trigger, in V phasor C lowLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit over-voltage trigger, in V phasor A topLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit over-voltage trigger, in V phasor B topLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit over-voltage trigger, in V phasor C topLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit voltage leap trigger, in V/s phasor A rateLimit 1000-999999 with step 1
Limit voltage leap trigger, in V/s phasor B rateLimit 1000-999999 with step 1
Limit voltage leap trigger, in V/s phasor C rateLimit 1000-999999 with step 1
Limit over-voltage trigger, in V positive sequence topLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit over-voltage trigger, in V negative sequence topLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit over-voltage trigger, in V zero sequence topLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit under-voltage trigger, in V positive sequence lowLimit 0-1200000 with step 1
Limit voltage leap trigger, in V/s zero sequence rateLimit 1000-999999 with step 1
Table 10 Trigger I, DI

Limit over-current trigger, in A phasor A topLimit 0-50000 with step 1
Limit over - current trigger, in A phasor B topLimit 0-50000 with step 1
Limit over - current trigger, in A phasor C topLimit 0-50000 with step 1
Limit current leap trigger, in A/s phasor A rateLimit 100-999999 with step 1
Limit current leap trigger, in A/s phasor B rateLimit 100-999999 with step 1
Limit current leap trigger, in A/s phasor C rateLimit 100-999999 with step 1
Limit over-current trigger, in A positive sequence topLimit 0-50000 with step 1
Limit over-current trigger, in A negative sequence topLimit 0-50000 with step 1
Limit over-current trigger, in A zero sequence topLimit 0-50000 with step 1
Limit current leap trigger, in A/s zero sequence rateLimit 100-999999 with step 1
Table 11 Trigger Freq, DFreq and BI

Limit rate of change of frequency trigger, in Hz/s freqDelta 0.000-100.00 with step 0.001
Limit under-frequency trigger, in Hz freqLow 045.000-75.000 with step0.001
Limit over-frequency trigger, in Hz freqHi 45.000-75.000 with step0.001
Binary input trigger diTrig 0,1 with step 1
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CSGC-3000/EMS System
Overview
CSGC-3000/EMS system is developed for large scale power dispatching control centers. It provides a complete
and integrated SCADA,EMS,DTS solutions for users, which covers the economy, safety, quality, reliability and
stability improving of power grid.
Functions
u Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
u Network topology analysis
u States estimation
u Load forecasting
u Dispatcher power flow
u Var and voltage control
u Fault current calculation
u Contingency analysis
u Network loss calculation
u Optimal power flow (OPF)
u Dispatcher training simulator
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Features
u Stable and reliable performance ,easy maintenance and updating
u Support Windows, Solaris, IBM AIX, HP-UX, Linux and their mixtures
u Supports Oracle, MySQL, and other mainstream relational database management systems
u Fully in line with IEC61970 standards, ensure the openness of the system
u Based on IEC61970 CIM, it provides graph, model,and database integration modeling tools, and combined with
regional automatic mapping technology, specially provides intelligent drawing modeling tools to save time and
to improve efficiency
u Using innovative multi-layer dynamic routing technology, front-subsystem gets efficient and flexible on-line
standby of device, channel, and front collection node, which is a greater level of assurance of the reliability of
data acquisition
u Advanced application daemon running, provides intelligent early warning
u Practical network analysis applications
126
CSGC-3000/DMS System
Overview
CSGC-3000/DMS is a new generation product of SCADA/DMS system developed by Beijing Sifang Automation
Co., Ltd. It is based on the CSGC-3000 general software platform (CSGC-3000 platform). An integrated
distribution automation solution can be provided for power supply utilities by CSGC-3000/DMS and other DA
products, including CSC-270 DTU series and CSG-271 FTU series. CSGC-3000/DMS is very flexible and
adaptive to all sorts of distribution networks, for example large-scale urban distribution network, medium-sized city
distribution network, and small county-level distribution network. It can run on most popular operating systems,
such as majority versions of Unix (Sun Solaris, IBM AIX,HP-UX) ,Linux and Windows series OS. It’s database
software can be chosen by the customer from third-party RDBMS vendor. Oracle and My SQL are recommended.
System Architecture
The general typical system structure architecture of CSGC-3000/DMS is shown as below. In most cases, Web
Server is isolated with the main servers and workstations of the SCADA/DMS system by network isolator or
firewall to ensure security of the SCADA/DMS system. The numbers of servers and workstations depends on the
scale of distribution network, and it can be configured according to the customers’ need. In the simplest case, all
SCADA/DMS functions can be integrated in one or two PCs.
127
Functions
CSGC-3000 Platform Feeder Automation
● Distributed communications management
● Fault detection and location
● Network security management
● Fault isolation
● Processes management ● Power supply restoration
● AOR management
● System log management Distribution Network Applications Software
● Alarm/event service
● Real-time database management ● Network topology analysis
● Interfaces of different RDBMS ● State estimation
● Diagram, model, database integrated model ● Dispatcher power flow
building tool
● Network reconfiguration
● GUI components and interfaces standard
● Load forecasting
● System maintenance tools
● System automatic backup & restore
Distribution SCADA Integrated AM/FM
● Data acquisition ● Symbol and diagram primitive management
● Data processing ● Single line diagram management
● Network monitoring ● Substation diagram management
● Formula & calculation ● Distribution transformer supplying area management
● Analysis & statistics ● Geographic map management
● Supervisory control ● Network diagram management
● Tagging ● Diagram print management
● Event/alarm processing Distribution Simulation
● Graphical user Interface
● Control operation simulation
● Post disturbance recall (PDR)
● Substation simulation
● Historical data management
● Fault simulation
● Report management & print
● Terminal equipment operation simulation
● WEB
Extension Power Enterprise Information Exchange Bus (PIB)
● PIB provides information exchange among different
automation systems
● PIB supports exchange SVG graphics files with EMS
● PIB supports exchange power grid model by CIM/XML
with EMS,PMS, GIS
● Outage management
● PIB supports real-time data exchange between DMS
● Customer assure management and EMS according to IEC61970 CIS
● Using the substation single diagram and model
generated by EMS, and the feeder diagrams and model
generated by PMS or GIS to build the distribution
network model
128
Features
u Hierarchical component design and flexible Plug and Play integration
u Conformed to IEC 61970/IEC 61968, it is fully open
u High reliability is guaranteed by the “1×M” patent, whose main philosophy is multi-backup of the important
servers, including hardware and software
u High performance, huge capacity and distributed real-time database
u The Incremental & online DB modification mechanism keeps the system uninterrupted running
u Practical distribution network analysis, helpful to optimize network operation
u Flexible Feeder Automation
u Integrated SCADA,DMS,EMS solution
u Power grid models and diagrams can be imported from other systems such as EMS, AM/FM/GIS
u Easy integration with EMS, AMR, CIS, AM/FM/GIS using PIB(Power enterprise Information exchange Bus)
u Support different kinds of communication with DTUs and FTUs
u Perfect system security guarantee
129
CSC-270 Series of Distribution Sub-station and Terminal
Overview
CSC-270 series of distribution sub-stations and terminal is designed to achieve
real-time monitoring of distribution automation, feeder automation, power quality
management, smart devices access and forwarding. Products include CSC-
270 (A) distribution sub-station, CSC-271 (E) feeder remote terminal (DTU),
CSC-271 feeder remote terminal (FTU) and CSC-272 distribution transformer
monitoring measurement terminal to meet the needs of switching station, ring
main unit, distribution station, column switch, distribution transformer and complete
the distribution automation system solutions. Products take into account of
the distribution terminal complex operating conditions, good electromagnetic
compatibility, low power consumption, wide operating temperature, rainproof,
moisture proof, antifouling, shockproof, good reliability and stability. Terminal is
small, convenient for installation and maintenance. Terminal supports the fast
recovery scheme of new FA feeder automation, which uses the principles of peer
to peer communication, and automatic fault detection, fault location, fault isolation
and restoration of normal power supply to ensure the normal operation of the line.
Feeder automation which supports multi-power feeder system based on distributed
power and access to micro-grid, and advanced applications of intelligent distribution is suitable for new automated
terminal in the smart distribution.
Features
Reliability
u Based on ten years of relay protection, monitoring and control devices, remote communication device research
and development experience. Reliable and stable hardware and advanced technology
u Products use in all industrial grade components to ensure high reliability. Design index meets the requirements
of industrial grade outdoor products. Wide temperature operating range (-40°C ~ +85°C ) . Electromagnetic
compatibility in line with IEC61000-4, GB/T13729, DL/T630, DL/T721 standards. Be adapted to strong
electromagnetic environment, anti-magnetic, shockproof, moisture proof
u Use real-time multi-task operating system, ensuring high reliability, real-time and stability
u Flexible before/after wiring mechanical connection for field installation
u Encryption technology ensures communication security
Flexibility
u Hardware uses high performance 32-bit processor, which has hardware multiplier and hardware divider,
achieving MPU+DSP processing mode, providing powerful integrated application and data manipulation
capabilities
u System software uses modular design, open architecture, loading appropriate module according to different
devices and application, having good flexibility and configuration
u Provide abundant function of configuration software interface and enable users to use configuration software
completing complex parameters customization, display and event simulation (such as failure simulation)
130
Complete function
u It has strong function of back-up power supply maintenance, supporting colloidal storage battery, lithium
battery, super capacitors and so on. Provide dual power inputs and power switch operation after loss of power
u Distribution sub-station, feeder remote terminal (FTU / DTU) with powerful communications capabilities to
support real 10/100M Ethernet communication, a dual network configuration; wireless, fiber optic, Ethernet,
RS232/485 and other kinds of communication, but can be as a regional center's data to other smart devices for
data forwarding and protocol converter, with superior systems integration capabilities
u Distribution sub-station and feeder remote terminal (FTU/DTU) has powerful communication capabilities
supporting 10/100M Ethernet communication, and dual network configuration. Provide a variety of
communication mode such as wireless, fiber, Ethernet, RS232/485. At the same time, it can be as a regional
center to deal with data forwarding and protocol converter, with strong system integrated capabilities
u Provide remote and local maintenance interface and support wireless maintenance mode
u Harmonic analysis and fault recorder function
FA
u Advanced feeder automation processes support fast self-healing scheme, which uses the principles of peer
to peer communication, and automatic fault detection, fault location, fault isolation and restoration of normal
power supply to ensure the normal operation of the line
u Feeder automation supports multi-power feeder system based on distributed power and access to micro-grid,
and advanced applications of intelligent distribution
u The powerful management function of feeder automation supports user-defined approach, FA status feedback
and FA function of long-range back
u The powerful online fault simulation system provides on-line running the simulation in order to solve practical
project problems of verification and ensure that system runs reliably
Functions
u Distribution sub-station
CSC-270(A) as a sub-station distribution, mainly used in the terminal area with information gathering, data
forwarding and achieving area of feeder automation function.
u Distribution terminal
CSC-271/CSC-271E CSC-271 CSC-272

Model Distribution terminal Feeder terminal Transformer terminal
unit (DTU) unit(FTU) unit(TTU)
Switching station,
Applicable distribution station, ring Column switch Distribution transformer
main unit
Operating
-40 °C ~ +85 °C
temperature
Humidity 5% ~ 95%
Environment Atmospheric
70 kPa-106 kPa
pressure
Non-explosive, corrosive gases and conductive dust, no mold, no severe
Environment
vibration impact source
131
DC:24 V/48 V/110 V/220 V, AC: 110 V/220 V
Tolerance: -20%-+20%.Power: < 15 W
Power supply Support dual backup AC power supply and battery power supply(less than
12 hours), and complete battery management and maintenance functions.
● Ethernet, RS232/RS485, GPRS/CDMA, EPON and so on
● Provide powerful communication management capabilities and supporting
for independent multi-channel and protocol configuration .Provide
Communication inversion, multiplication factor and other raw data processing capabilities
and custom data forwarding. Support multi-master station
● Provide abundant function with library of protocol, dynamic loading
protocol, and convenient and flexible upgrade the protocol
Calculation Two unit method/Three unit method(Can be set)
U,I,f: 0.2
Accuracy P,Q: 0.5
60 channels 8 channels 8 channels
Channels (18-way voltage, 36- (4-way voltage, 4-way (4-way voltage,
Telemetry way current, 6-way DC) current) 4-way current)
2 times rated current continuously, 20 times rates current under 10s allowed,
Overload
40 times rated current to allow 1 s
AC current loop < 0.25 VA/phase
Input power
AC voltage loop < 0.25 VA/phase
Power 24 V / 48 V /110 V / 220 V
Remote Resolution < 2 ms
Numbers 72 8 8 (Scalable)
Output Empty node output, Time for export 0.1 s—600s(can be set)
Telecontrol 4 pairs ON/
Pairs 4-12 pairs ON/OFF 4 pairs ON/OFF
OFF(Scalable)
3 segment over-
3 segment over-
current,
3 segment over-current, current,
3 segment zero-
3 segment zero- 3 segment zero-
sequence, Low-
Protection function sequence, Low-voltage, sequence, Low-
voltage, over voltage,
over voltage, overload, voltage,
overload alarm, over-
reclosing over voltage, overload, temperature alarm,
reclosing
the voltage-limit alarm
132
Protection and Fault Information Management System
Overview
Protection and fault information management system includes CSGC-3000/FIS master system and CSC-
1326 embedded slave system, which fully complies with “National Power Grid Company Relay Protection
Fault Information Processing System Technical Standard.” Master system develops on the basis of Sifang’s
new generation general software platform CSGC-3000. This system inherits the merits of original CSFM-2002
protection and fault information management system, fully analyzes the new requirements of users of different
levels and the developing trend. It is highly open, stable and practical system. Applicable to regional and above
dispatching organization, master system collects all kinds of data from slave system and make concentrated data
analysis and processing. Based on the above, it can realize advanced application functions such as preliminary
analysis, location, waveform analysis, historical inquiry, protection action statistics analysis of system fault in
global scope.
Applicable to 1000kV and below electric power plant and station, slave system is distributed, quasi real time
system, which can realize secondary equipments’ real time/non real time operation, configuration and fault
information acquisition, transferring and data analysis functions in station. For slave system can access and
manage intelligent equipments, which are produced by different manufacturers and of different types and with
different communication protocols. In the meanwhile, it can collect data from these equipments and process them
respectively. Then, on this basis, a unified data format is formed and these will be sent to all levels of master
system to make further data analysis and processing through data network communication.
133
CSGC-3000/FIS Protection and Fault Information
Management System
Overview
CSGC-3000/FIS master system usually consists of 2 data servers,1 disk array, 2 communication servers,
several work stations and dual networks. It can configure WEB server to provide various relay protection and
fault information for DMIS network. User can make configuration flexibly according to their needs. All kinds of
application functions can be integrated in 1 ~ 2 PC in the simplest condition.
Typical configuration of power grid and provincial dispatching system is shown in the following diagram.
CSC-1326 embedded slave system, as one of Sifang’s main stream products, inherits the merits of other Sifang’s
equipments and then makes innovations. Thus it is a product with high stability, reliability, scalability and flexibility.
Based on distributed design concept, it adopts the popular embedded RTOS, software adopts hierarchical
modular structure, and hardware adopts modular structure. All the function modules have CPU and have Ethernet
or CAN Bus communication capability. Internal LAN is formed with Ethernet and CAN bus, thus all the function
modules will be connected together to fulfill the overall function of embedded slave system.
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Protection and fault information slave system usually adopts concentrated and distributed network structure.
Concentrated network structure is usually applicable for 220kV and below substation, referring to the following
diagram.
Concentrated network structure is usually applicable for 220kV and below substation, referring to the following
diagram.
135
Applications
CSGC-3000/FIS protection and fault information management system (hereinafter referred to as system), is one
of Sifang’s main stream products. Catering to the need of power grid and provincial dispatching center, large and
medium sized local dispatching center, and 1000kV and below electric power plant and station, the system can
realize secondary equipments’ real time/non real time operation, configuration and fault information acquisition,
transferring and data analysis functions in power system; under power grid’s normal operation and fault condition,
the system can monitor operation, manage configuration information, analyze protection action and fault of the
secondary equipments such as relay protection, fault recorder to help dispatching operator make dispatching
decision and thus to improve automation level of relay protection system management and fault information
processing.
Features
u Hierarchical Distributed Structure
v Object- oriented, component-based distributed design enables flexible integration

v Hierarchical software structure shields the difference between the hardware platform, operating system,
database and network communication, so that the application is more flexible, reliable and portable
v Supports UNIX/LINUX/WINDOWS operating system; supports mixed heterogeneous system mode

u The system fully complies with IEC 61850 and IEC 61970 international standard to ensure standardization and
openness
136
v Primary equipment model complies with IEC61970, secondary equipment model complies with IEC61850
standard
v Adopting invention patent technology, master system can access to traditional 103 slave system and 61850
slave system
u “Separate modeling, automatic accessing” concept based master system maintenance free system design
v System provide graphics-model-database integration slave system modeling tool and complies with SVG
graphic exchange standard
v Realize slave system separate modeling, master system automatic accessing, and avoid establishing
database, drawing and maintenance again and again
u Flexibly designed front-end communication subsystem
v System supports multiple front-end group configuration, each front-end group operate independently and
complete load sharing of data acquisition task
v Front-end group can be configured according to area and application

u Information filtering and graded submittal mechanism
v Interference information filtering in case of no fault

v User can configure filtering strategy
v Important information will have the priority to be submitted firstly
v User can configure information priority
u Advanced application
v Compile power grid level/plant station level/equipment level fault report automatically
v In coordination with communication protocol, make equipment action report ”What You See Is What You Get”
v Complete fault report compiling and archiving function
u Tight security precautions
v Master system adopts UNIX/LINUX embedded system to prevent virus generation and spreading
v Support longitudinal protection, adopts means such as authentication, encryption to realize data’s safe
remote transmission
v Adopts hardware firewall to isolate various networks to ensure core system is protected effectively
Functions
Functions of Master system
u Graphical monitoring and operation function
System provide rich graphic monitoring interface according to the natural hierarchy “power grid->slave system-
>protection ”. It can monitor the primary connection of power grid, slave system protection configuration,
operation state of all the equipments. Conduct operations such as information call of protection and wave
recorder and historical information inquiry in graphics, monitor the communication state of all the slave system,
protection and channels and distinguish different segments of communication links.
137
Graphic navigation –geographical information graphic
Graphic navigation—slave system protection configuration diagram
Graphical operation
138
System state monitoring
Complete fault analysis function

Fast and accurate fault information on-line compiling
Realize association between primary and secondary equipments, form protection action report and power grid
fault report; realize comparison of action reports of line’s two sides; fault can be manually adjusted to form fault
package; adopt XML/XSL to realize power grid fault report published in cross operation system platform with
various forms.
139
u Complete waveform data analysis function
Fault analysis functions provided by system include: drawing of curve graphic, drawing of vector graphic,
drawing of impedance locus, sequence component calculation, sequence component power and direction
calculation, harmonic analysis according to sampling point. Support fitting channel of user- defined calculation
formula.
u Complete waveform data analysis function

Fault analysis functions provided by system include: drawing of curve graphic, drawing of vector graphic,
drawing of impedance locus, sequence component calculation, sequence component power and direction
calculation, harmonic analysis according to sampling point. Support fitting channel of user- defined calculation
formula.
u Fault location
Provides double-end, single-end location algorithm, provides fault analysis report of the following information:
fault line, fault time, fault phase, fault distance, current and voltage RMS after fault, tripping time, reclosing
time, fault recurrence, startup line, switch change. It is adaptable for such condition as shared pole double
circuits interline fault, inconsistent data sampling frequency of double ends.
140
u “One-click” substation access
Master system provides graphics-model integration slave system modeling tool for slave system, provides
complete graphic, entity editing function and rich power system component database. Management of graphic
and parameter can be extended and easy to be maintained. The tools will output standard SVG graphic files
and primary system model files complying with IEC 61970 CIM. Master system acquires SVG graphic files and
model files through communication and imports that into master system’s database.
Graphics-model-database integration modeling tools:
Slave system model call:
u Convenient Web publication function

Web publication function supports DMIS network user to browse, inquire relay protection fault information in
Web way; supports wave recording file’s Web page download, supports to browse fault recording waveform
with browser; satisfy the requirement of “Power Secondary System Security Protection Scheme”, adopts
special physical isolating equipment of power system to isolate security zone of different degrees. With the
function of control of user’s authority and identity authentication, it can provide different data, page, graphic and
function to user with different authority. Graphic publication adopts SVG technology. Customer end only needs
SVG module (supports IE, Firefox, etc internally). So it is secure and efficient. Supports Windows, Linux and
common UNIX platform such as SOLARIS、HP-UX. Adopts web service to provide system history and publish
real time data.
141
Functions of Slave system
u Equipment communication management function: supports multiple communication media and communication
protocol, supports communication with all levels of master system
u Equipment management function: acquisition and detection of protection operation data; switching of protection
operating state; operation and control of equipment
u Wave recording management function: fault data management; equipment fault alarming; equipment
information management
u Alarming management function: classify alarms, customize color, inquire, etc.
u GPS time synchronization function: provides GPS time synchronization function for slave system, protection
and wave recorder
u System information classification, storage and retrieval: information of slave system is classified and submits to
master system; slave system stores information according to the classification
u Equipment and graphic modeling and operation maintenance of slave system: system modeling; user authority
management; system maintenance tool; maintenance free daily operation
u Graphical HMI: system state monitoring; fast information location; integrated function call; classified protection
information display; protection equipment monitoring and operation; information printing, etc.
u Provides interface with automation monitoring system in station
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Appendix for Protection and Fault Information Management System
Appendix I Technical Specifications
Main Technical Specifications of Master system
Power supply influence
Item Data
Rated voltage Single phase 220 V, allowed deviation -15% ~ +10%
Frequency 50/60 Hz, allowed deviation is within ±0.5 Hz
Wave form Sine, the wave distortion is within 5%
Clock
Item Data
System clock precision Error is within ±5 s in 24 hours
Timing precision Error is within 2 ms in 24 hours
Air conditions
Item Data
Ambient temperature -10 ~ 50 °C
Relative humidity 10% ~ 90%
Air pressure 86 ~ 106 kPa
System capacity
Item Data
Quantity of directly connected substations ≥ 255
Total storage capacity Storage time of all data ≥ 5 years
Disk capacity reserved ≥ 10%
Disk capacity alarm limit ≤ 15%
System load
Item Data
Cpu load in the normal case(5 min interval) Server’s ≤ 25%
Work station’s ≤ 35%
Cpu load in large number of data processing(5 min interval) Server’s ≤ 40%
Work station ≤ 50%
Net load in the normal case ≤ 20%
Network load in lately 10s of the accident case ≤ 40%
Whole system startup time ≤ 2 min
143
Communication ports
Item Data
Ethernet 10/100 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
Protocol Extension IEC 60870-5-103
IEC61850 (MMS or WEB-SERVICE)
Information transport time

Item Data
Protection event ≤ 3 s/substation
Wave recording report ≤ 10 s/substation
System response time

Item Data
Calling time of graph display ≤3s
Response time of data retrieval ≤5s
Switch time of dual computers for hot standby ≤ 10 s
System communication capacity

Item Data
Quantity of RTU ≥ 100
Quantity of status ≥ 200,000
Quantity of analog ≥ 150,000
Quantity of control ≥ 50,000
Quantity of power ≥ 50,000
Storage time of history data ≥ 2 years
Reverse deduction of real time data ≥ 7 days
System reliability
Item Data
Mean time between failures of the system (MTBF) ≥ 20000 h
System availability rate ≥ 99.9%
System use life ≥ 10 years
144
Main Technical Specifications of Slave system
Frequency
Item Data
Rated input voltage

Item Data
DC voltage 220 V, 110 V or 48 V
AC voltage 220 V
Environment Conditions
Item Data
Environment temperature
Working temperature -10 °C+55 °C
Storage environment temperature -25 ~ +70 °C
Permissible humidity 90 % of relative humidity
Atmosphere pressure 80 ~ 110 kpa (altitude is no more than 2 km)
Insulation test
Item Standard Data
Insulation resistance test IEC 60255-5:2000 ≥ 5 MΩ
Medium strength test IEC 60255-5:2000 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impulse voltage test IEC 60255-5:2000 5 kV (Ui ≥ 63 V) /1 kV (Ui < 63 V); class III
Electromagnetic immunity tests

Item Standard Data
High-frequency burst disturbance test IEC 60255-22-1 2.5 kV (peak value); 1 MHz test duration 2 s; class III
Electrostatic discharge IEC 60255-22-2 6 kV contact Discharge; class III
IEC 60255-22-4 Power supply termin IEC 60255-22-2al: 2 kV, class III;
Fast transient disturbance
IEC 61000-4-4 signal terminal: 1 KV, class III
High-energy surge voltages (Surge)
IEC 61000-4-5 2 kV, class III
Auxiliary voltage
IEC 61000-4-8 30 A/m; 50 Hz, continuous 300 A/m; 50 Hz, 3 s 0.5
Power frequency magnetic field test
IEC 60255-6 mT, 50 Hz;, class IV
IEC 60694 2.5 kV (peak value, polarity alternating) 100 kHz, 1
Damped wave
IEC61000-4-12 MHz, 10 and 50 MHz, Ri = 200 Ω
Mechanical tests
Item Standard Data
IEC 60255-21-1
Vibration Sinusoidal 10 to 50 Hz; +/- 0.035mm amplitude 50 to 150 Hz, class II
IEC 60068-2-6
145
IEC 60255-21-2 Semi-sinusoidal Acceleration 5 g, duration 11 ms; 6 shocks in both directions
Shock
IEC 60068-2-27 of 3 axes, class I
Communication ports
Item Data
Number 1
Connection RJ45 connector; front panel, for debug
Serial communication port

Item Data
Number 6 per module
2-wire connector for RS485 or 3-wire connector for RS232. Rear port
Connection
in serial module
Ethernet communication port

Item Data
Electrical communication port
Number 4 per module
Connection RJ45 connector. Rear port in Communication module
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number 2 per module
Connection SC connector Rear port in communication module
Item Data
Mode Pulse mode
IRIG-B signal format IRIG-B000
Connection 2-wire connector. Rear port in time synchronization module
Response Time of Upload Data

Item Data
Digital information response time ≤1s
Analog information response time ≤3s
146
Power Plant Automation
CSPA-2000 Distributed Automation System
Overview
CSPA-2000 distributed automation system is a new generation field-bus distributed process control system. Based
on field-bus technology, it can provide integrated solution for thermal power plant with different unit capacity. The
system realizes the main and auxiliary integration, heat and electric integration, simulation and control integration,
management and control integration.
The system includes CyberControl automatic monitoring and control system, CSC-800S series distributed control
unit.
Applications
u Distributed control system (DCS)
u Distributed electric control system (Electric control and management system , ECMS)
u Step-up station monitoring system (Network control system, NCS)
u Auxiliary workshop programmable automatic control system
u Coal handling programmable automatic control system
u Desulphurization control system
147
Features
u Large-scale distributed system based on field-bus technology
u Uniform platform of system level and professional system integration
u High flexibility and expansibility
u Powerful performance system network
u Extremely reliable system components
u Highly open system interfaces
u Uniform project management platform and IDE
u Integrated simulation and control system structure
u Reliability
v Remote measurement qualified rate > 99.9％

v Digital input accuracy rate > 99.9％
v Remote control and remote adjustment accuracy rate100％
v Network flow load ≤ 20％
u Real-time performance
v Remote DI variation from device to HMI ≤ 1 s

v Remote measurement from device to HMI ≤ 2 s
v Remote control command from HMI to device ≤ 1 s
v SOE resolution：1 ms
v Rated voltage: AC/DC 220 V
u EMC performance
v Reach IEC61000-4 strictest level requirement (Level 4)

v Field device performance index
u Analog input measurement accuracy
v Analog input: 0.2％

v measurement: 0.5％
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CSPA-2000 Distributed Control System (DCS)
Overview
CSPA-2000 distributed control system (DCS) is a new generation field-bus process control system. Based on the
modern concept of fieldbus real-time control, CSPA-2000 FDCS entirely meets with all function requirements of
power plant DCS system, including data acquisition system (DAS), furnace safeguard supervisory system, turbine
emergency trip system (ETS), modulating control system (MCS), sequence control system (SCS), digital electro-
hydraulic control system/ microprocessor electric hydraulic control system (DEH&MEH) and steam turbine bypass
control system (BPS).
Features
u High reliability: Following IEC61000-4 strictest level requirement (Level 4), all the modules are coated by
silicone gel protection layer, which can protect modules against acid and alkali corrosion and dust
u Working condition satisfies industrial level temperature requirement
u Redundant design: SCADA/HMI redundant service, redundant control network, redundant power supply,
redundant CM, redundant important I/O
u Powerful real-time performance: based on industrial Ethernet protocol, the refresh period of the parallel DPU
nodes is 20ms; the minimum control period is 1ms
u Fully open system: the system follows IEC61158 field-bus standard; logic program follows IEC61131-3
standard; external communication supports IEC104, MODBUS, OPC, etc.
u ECS is integrated into DCS. Integrated design of heat and electric engineering
u Integrated platform of simulation and control based on real-time process control
149
u Logic process period
v Analog control period ≤ 0.25 s

v Digital value control period ≤ 0.1 s
u CPU Module working period (immediate processing)

v Digital value control period ≤ 0.01 s
u Redundancy switch period < 10 ms
u Min. execution period of closed loop control: 1 ms
u Min. execution period of digital value control: 1 ms
u Response time
v Graph loading time ≤ 1 s

v Dynamic data refresh time ≤ 1 s
v Operation command response time ≤ 1 s
u Historical data storage period < 1 s
u History data storage capacity: 2 years (automatic backup)
u Sequence of Events (SOE) resolution: 1 ms
u System availability ≥ 99.9%
u Communication accuracy ≥ 99.9%
u Working temperature: -25℃～70 ℃
150
CSPA-2000 Distributed Electric Control and Management System (ECMS)
Overview
CSPA-2000 distributed electric control and management system of power plant is applicable for new construction
and reformation of power plant with different installed capacity and different types. It can realize the electric
protection control, automation, informationization and intelligence management of power plant.
CSPA-2000 distributed electric control system of power plant is a typical Fieldbus control system, which can
realize Fieldbus control and informationization management of the whole plant's electric system and can connect
to DCS, SIS and other systems.
The system includes CyberControl automation monitoring and control system, CSC-861 master control unit, CSC-
200 and CSC-831 series measurement and control protection device, CSC-825 digital synchronization device,
CSC-821 plant service power supply quick switch device, CSC-822 standby power switch device.
u Reliability
v System MTBF ≥ 50000 h

v Remote measurement qualified rate > 99.9％
v Digital input accuracy rate > 99.9％
v Remote control and remote adjustment accuracy rate: 100％
v Network flow load ≤ 20％
151
u Real-time performance
v Remote DI variation/from device to HMI ≤ 1 s

v Remote analog from device to HMI ≤ 2 s
v Remote control command from HMI to device ≤ 1 s
v SOE resolution: 1 ms
u Distributed control layer performance index
v Rated voltage: AC/DC 220 V

v Power consumption：< 15 W
u EMC performance
v Reach IEC61000-4 strictest level requirement (Level 4)

u Field devices performance index
u Analog input measurement accuracy
v Current, Voltage：0.2％
v Power：0.5％
Features
u Distributed field-bus control system
u Follows IEC 61131-3
u Follows IEC 61508
u Support the technology of one-master and multi-standby and load balance
u Online self-diagnosis technology
u Main control unit(DPU) based process control
u Panoramic wave recording of process data
u Advanced and reliable communication network; completely open system structure
u Cross-platform main station software(Windows/Unix/Linux）
u Distributed real-time database capacity can be up to 500000 points
u Figure template editing tool
u Online performance analysis and expert system to realize analysis of equipment control, system security,
energy-conservation
u Key equipment and network configurations of the system all adopt redundancy design to avoid the damage of
system arising from the fault of single equipment and network
152
CSPA-2000 Power Plant Auxiliary Workshop Control System
Overview
CSPA-2000 distributed automation system realizes the establishment of isolated water, coal and ash workshop
program automation control system. It can also build up an intelligent network to access all the sub-systems to
the centralized control room for supervisory and management to improve automation level and realize overall
integrated supervision of power plant.
unit.
u Analog control period ≤ 0.25 s
u Control period ≤ 0.1 s
u CPU Module working period (immediate processing)
u Analog control period ≤ 0.1 s
u Digital input control period ≤ 0.01 s
u Communication accuracy rate ≥ 99.9%
u System control period < 1 s
(From the moment HMI sends command to the moment field device executes)
153
u Graph refresh period ≤ 1 s
u Dynamic data refresh period ≤ 1 s
u Historical data storage period < 1 s
u Historical data storage capacity: 2 years (automatic backup)
u Sequence of Events (SOE) resolution: 1 ms
u Working temperature: -25 ℃～70 ℃
Features
u The system is completely based on field-bus and real-time industrial Ethernet technology
u The system adopts fully redundant structure to improve system reliability. It includes multiple server, multiple
operator stations, multiple front-end computer, redundant network, redundant CPU module and duplex
important field control equipment
u Open system interface for communication between DCS and other control system
u System overall self-diagnostic and communication status diagnostic
u The System supports project combination. It’s also fit for newly built auxiliary workshop control network or
progressive implementation. The debugging process can function separately without increasing the workload.
In this way, the project’s progressive implementation could be guaranteed
u The system provides multiple methods (e.g., Modbus, OPC) to access 3rd-party intelligent devices. It can also
provide communication interface to allow 3rd-party system access to database of CyberControl
u The modules are coated by silicone gel protection layer, which can protect modules against acid and alkali
corrosion and dust
u The system adopts CyberZip contraction technology for holographic mass storage of auxiliary workshop control
system data
154
CSPA-2000 Coal Handling Programmed Automatic Control System
Overview
CSPA-2000 coal handling programmed automatic control system is applied in automation monitoring and control
system in coal-fired power plant. It can realize automatic control of coal unloading, coal-piling, coal supplying, coal
blending. The monitoring and control system can be accessed into auxiliary workshop control network centralized
monitoring and control system, DCS, ECMS conveniently.
units.
u Technical data

v Digital input control period ≤ 0 .1 s
v CPU Module load rate in worst operating mode < 60%
v Logic control period: 10 ms～30 s adjustable
v Working temperature: -25 ℃～70 ℃
155
u Reliability
v Internal network communication accuracy ≥ 99.9％

v System availability ≥ 99.9%
v Redundant switch time ≤ 10 ms
v Dynamic data refresh time 1 s
v Operation command response time 1 s
Features
u Key components of the system adopt hot-standby redundant mechanism to realize the undisturbed switch
u The monitoring and control system adopts distributed control concept. The technical system and physical
position are relatively isolated. Each control station is independent and there is data exchange among the
stations. In this way, a complete monitoring and control system is established
u High EMC performance, IP56 cabinet, dust-proof and water-proof
u Fiber optic digital communication is used against electromagnetic interference
u The modules are coated by silicone gel protection layer, which can protect modules against acid and alkali
corrosion and dust
u Supports IEC 61131-3 standard
u Follows IEC 61508 standard
u Realize integrated control of coal handling system by field-bus
156
CSPA-2000 Desulphurization Control System
Overview
CSPA-2000 desulphurization control system is applied in thermal power plant to protect, control and manage
desulphurization system devices. This system can be used to reduce sulfur dioxide effluent and pollution. The
system is made up of smoke system, absorption system, limestone slurry preparation system, limestone slurry
supply system, limestone dumping system, limestone storage system. The system can realize multiple automation
functions such as equipment operation, automatic maintenance, equipment status maintenance management,
fault recording, alarm recording. The system can be easily accessed to DCS or auxiliary workshop centralized
monitoring and control system.
units.
u Technical data
vData communication load rate < 30%

vSystem availability > 99.9%
vDI output accuracy rate 100%
vInternal communication network accuracy rate ≥ 99.999%
vCPU load rate no more than 60% in fault condition
vAnalog variable control period ≤ 0.1 s
u Real time performance
vRemote DI variation/from device to HMI ≤ 1 s

vRemote analog from device to HMI ≤ 2 s
157
vRemote control command from HMI to device ≤ 1 s
vDynamic data refresh time: 1 ms
vGraphic response time ≤ 1 s
vRedundancy switch time≤10ms
vAnalog measurement accuracy
vCurrent, voltage: 0.2%
vPower: 0.5%
vFrequency: 0.02 Hz
vSOE resolution: 1 ms
u Working temperature: -25 ℃～70 ℃
Features
u Distributed fieldbus control system
u Supports IEC 61131-3 standard
u Follows IEC 61508 standard
u Online self-diagnosis technology
u Data Processing Unit (DPU) based process control
u Panoramic wave recording of process data
u Advanced and reliable communication network, fully open system structure
u Graphical and template-type edit tools
u The key devices and network configurations adopt redundant design to avoid function loss caused by single
device or network failure
u Device working temperature is -25 ℃～70 ℃, Proper work in rough conditions is guaranteed
u Heat and electric engineering integration; simulation and control system integration
158
CSC-2000 Step-Up Station Monitoring and Control System (Network
Control System, NCS)
Overview
CSC-2000 step-up station monitoring and control system (hereinafter referred to as NCS ) is applicable in power
plant step-up station of 1000kv and below. It can realize the supervisory function of electric devices in power plant
step-up station.
The system includes CSC series bus protection, CSC-200 series line protection devices, protection manage units,
remote control station, CSC-800V power plant automatic voltage control station, CSC-800G power plant automatic
generator control station, etc.
u Alarm accuracy：100%
u SOE resolution in station：≤ 2 ms
u Digital input change：≤ 1 s
u Remote measurement refreshment：≤ 2 s
u Graphic response time：≤ 2 s
u Control operation accuracy：100%
u GPS synchronization resolution：< 1 ms
u CPU workload in normal condition：≤ 20%
u CPU workload in abnormal condition：≤ 40%
u Analog input measurement comprehensive error: current, voltage ≤ 0.2%, active/reactive power ≤ 0.5%,
frequency ≤ 0.01 Hz
159
u Network workload rate (Ethernet 100 M): in case of normal condition (within 30 min): ≤ 10%
u Network workload rate (Ethernet 100 M): in case of system failure (within 10 s): ≤ 20%
Features
u Completely distributed network structure, effective, flexible, reliable communication network
u Monitoring and control system, remote control system and field device fully support IEC61850 in
u Reliable field devices with powerful functions
u Perfect Automatic Generator Control (AGC) solution
u Perfect Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) solution
u Flexible interface to connect other system and intelligent devices
u System level comprehensive anti-misuse block
u Remote control information direct acquisition and direct transmission
160
Automation & Protection Equipment
Network Control
Type Functions Scope
Applicable for the composite protection of large and
Motor composite protection and
CSC-237A medium asynchronous motors (more than hundreds
monitoring
of kilowatts)
Applicable for internal fault differential protection of
CSC-236 Motor differential protection large asynchronous motors or large synchronous
motors (more than 2000kW)
Motor composite protection and Covers the protection functions of CSC-237A and
CSC-237C
monitoring CSC-236
Applicable for differential protection and backup
CSC-236D/B Frequency conversion motor protection
protection of the frequency conversion motors
Plant service transformer protection Applicable to protect and measure the 6 kV/10 kV
CSC-241C
and monitoring plant service transformer
Applicable for differential protection of 6kV plant
CSC-326GC Transformer differential protection
service transformer
Plant House service transformer Covers the protection functions of CSC-241C and
CSC-241G
protection and monitoring CSC-326GC
Applicable for feeder protection of 6 kV/10 kV plant
CSC-211 Multifunction protection
service power system
CSC-246 Backup power automatic switching Applicable for 6 kV/10 kV plant service power system
Applicable for PT protection and measuring of the
CSC-298 PT protection and monitoring bus or inlet line of 6 kV/10 kV plant service power
system
Applicable for reactor protection of 6 kV/10 kV plant
CSC-231 Reactor protection and monitoring
service power system
161
Automation of Power Plant
CSC-300 Generator Transformer Unit Protection Device and Auxiliary
Products
Overview
Based on 32 bit microcomputer of the new generation DSP and MCU combination, adopting integrated
design, CSC-300 series numerical generator transformer unit protection device is applicable to different types
of generators and transformer with different capacity (generator transformer units, generator, synchronous
compensator, main transformer, station service transformer, start/backup transformers, excitation transformers.).
u Rated DC power supply voltage：220 V or 110 V (optional)
u Rated AC parameters
v AC current：5 A or 1 A (optional)
v Phase voltage：100/√3 V
v Open-delta voltage：100 V，300 V
v frequency：50 Hz
u Power consumption
v DC power supply circuit：no more than 35 W in normal condition；no more than 60 W when protection trips
v AC current circuit：no more than 1 VA/phase when rated secondary current is 5 A；no more than 0.5 VA/
phase when the rated secondary current is 1 A
v AC voltage circuit：no more than 0.5 VA/phase with rated voltage
u Overload ability
v AC current circuit：It will continuously work in twice of the rated current. It works for 10 s in tenfold rated
current, works for 1s in fifty times of the rated current
v AC voltage circuit：It will continuously work in twice of the rated voltage; It works for 10 s in 1.4 times rated
current, works for 1s in fifty times of the rated current
v DC current circuit: with 80%~120% rated voltage, it will continuously work
u Output contact capacity
v Trip contact capacity：In the DC inductive load circuit which voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 1 A, time constant = L
/R = 40 ms, the break capacity is 50W, the long-period permitted current should be no more than 5 A
v Other contactor capacity：in the DC inductive load circuit which voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 0.5 A, time constant
= L/R = 40 ms, the break capacity is 30W,the long-period permitted current should be no more than 3 A
162
CSC-831Series Low-Voltage Protection Measurement and Control
Device
CSC-831M Low-Voltage Electric Motor Measurement and Control Protection Device
CSC-831L Low-Voltage Power Distribution Measurement and Control Protection Device
CSC-831P Low-Voltage PT Measurement and Control Protection Device
Applications
CSC-831M low-voltage electric motor measurement and control protection device is applied in electric motor
with 380V rated voltage and different rated current. It provides protections to overload, locked-rotor, phase loss,
imbalance, earth and electric leakage. it also has functions like measurement, control, operation, diagnostic,
maintenance, communication, etc.
CSC-831L low-voltage power distribution measurement and control protection device is applied in power
distribution system with 380V rated voltage and 50Hz. It can be adopted as the integral measurement and control
protection device in low voltage line, and it also can be the specific measurement and control device in intelligent
power distribution system. It can be widely applied in low voltage plant service system of power plants.
CSC-831P low voltage PT measurement and control protection device is applied as measurement and control
protection device of 380V low voltage bus voltage transformer. It can be widely applied in plant service power
distribution system of power plants.
Features
u With powerful data processing ability, 32-bit embedded processor is adopted.
u Provides Profibus-DP/RS485(Modbus) field-bus interfaces and perfect network construction solutions for users
u Detailed failure events record as data information for operation optimization and accident analysis
u Fault recorder can record the analog input and digital input, status value to provide powerful support for
accident analysis
u Record begins when electric motor starts
u Overall equipment operation information and harmonic wave analysis show the complete equipment operation
status
163
u Remote inspection of device setting to facilitate easy maintenance
u Remote program upgrading
u Friendly Human Machine Interface enables, easy operation and detailed operation information
u High EMC performance guarantees the stability of device operation
u Adopt new generation general hardware and software platform and modular design
Functions
u CSC-831L protection function
v 3 stage over-current protection

v Earth protection
v Low voltage protection
v Overvoltage protection
v PT failure alarm
CSC-831P protection function
v 2 stage low voltage protection

v Overvoltage alarm
v Zero-sequence over voltage alarm
v PT failure alarm
u CSC-831M protection function
v 3 stage over-current protection

v Over load protection
v Block-rotation protection
v Low voltage protection
v Imbalance current protection
v Overvoltage protection
v Long start protection
v 2 stage negative sequence overcurrent protection
v Contact breaking protection
v Earth protection
v Auto start by power supply function
v Voltage loss caused auto restart function
u Contact or breaker can be selected as control object
u Support multiple start methods: direct start, bidirectional start, two-speed start, star-angle start
164
u Rated parameter
v Power supply：AC220 V, DC110 V or DC220 V
v AC phase to phase voltage: 100 V or 380 V
v AC current input：1 A, 5 A,16 A or 64 A
v Input voltage：DC 24 V, DC 110 V or 220 V
v Output contact long-period working capacity：AC 250 V，8 A
u Action value error
v Current and voltage action value ≤ 3％
v Average delay error ≤ 40ms or 1.5％
u Measurement meter accuracy
v Current, voltage: level 0.5
v Power, electric energy: level 1
v 4 mA ~20 mA output： ±0.5%
u Communication mode (optional)
v Profibus-DP/RS485(Modbus)，redundant network
u 2 installation method and dimension of protection measurement and control module
v Standard DIN rail and mounting screws
v Length*width*height = 110 mm x 100 mm x 86 mm
u Display module dimension
v Length*width*height = 96 mm x 65 mm x 35.5 mm
The modules can be mounted in cabinets, e.g., GCS, GCK, GHK168, MNS, GZT, including 1/4 drawer cabinet
u Security performance: complies with the requirement of GB/T14598.27
u Environment conditions
v Working temperature：-10 ℃～＋55 ℃
v Storage environment temperature：-25 ℃～＋70 ℃
v Maximum relative humidity: 90％
v Atmosphere pressure: 80 kPa～110 kPa
u Input/output
v 10 digital input channel，6 digital output channel；1 analog(4～20 mA DC) output
v 3 voltage input, 4 current input
v Remote measurement: 3 phase current and voltage, power, cosφ, electric energy, harmonic wave, remote
control
u Others
v 32 bit embedded processor is adopted
v High EMC performance
v Optional anti-interference power supply module
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CSC-800V Automatic Voltage Control Station
Overview
CSC-800V automatic voltage control station takes system voltage as reference value to implement the closed
loop control by adjusting reactive power output. It coordinates the local level 1 controller to guarantee that setting
value and power plant general reactive power are equal. CSC-800V plays an important role in automatic voltage
control.
Functions
u Obtain related information about generator units and plant service power bus by communication method
u Obtain related information about main transformer and main bus in power plant network control system, or
obtain the related electric value by coordination controller
u Accept control command and bus voltage object value sent from AVC master station
u Properly distribute the reactive power to the generator units on the bus according to calculation of the obtained
information. Send the distribution result (objective reactive power output of each unit) to the executor controller
to implement the optimized configuration of the generator units
u Provide redundant CPU processor, undisturbed redundant CPU switch, switch period＜10 ms
Features
u Adopt general network hardware platform. The device resource can be extended flexibly. The software is based
on IEC61131-3. System can be configured and expanded easily
u Important components adopt redundant configuration to ensure system security and system availability
u Perfect self-detection function. All the input and output channel can implement real-time self-detection
u System impedance can be identified automatically
u When the objective value changes greatly, the progressive process will be implemented to avoid violent
oscillation of reactive power
166
CSC-800G Automatic Power Generation Control Station
Overview
Automatic power generation control station can receive the target load command from the dispatching center AGC
main station, distribute it to the generator unit of the power generation plant according to the power distribution
policy. Considering all the secure operation restrictions of unit, it can provide the adjustment scheme within the
capacity of the generator under the current operation mode, control the speed regulators of the generators and
finally realize the active power automatic control of the multiple generators in the whole plant.
Functions
u Be used for the thermal power area and provide the AGC automatic power generation control to the
hydroelectric power station
u Adopt general network hardware platform, flexible and extensible resource, high reliability, high measurement
precision, strong disturbance and quick calculation
u Adopt embedded dual-core CPU processor, real time embedded OS, low power consumption, high
performance and adaptation to the severe working environment
u The software is designed according to IEC61131-3 standard. The components are flexible and convenient for
easy extension
u The automatic generation control sub-station for the power generation plant supports multiple control modes
and manual adjustment precision setting and can guarantee safe operation of the generator under different
blocking conditions
u Provide the holographic storage of historical data, long wave recording, storage of over 2-year data and
convenient data analysis means
u Provide multiple interfaces such as industrial Ethernet interface, RS232 interface and diversified signal contacts
for easy interaction with LCU, RTU and dispatching center
u AC power: 220 V, allowed error -20%～+15%, frequency 50 Hz
u DC power：220 V or 110 V, allowed error -20%～+15%，ripple wave coefficient: not higher than 5%
u Event record resolution
u GPS time synchronization system
u Industrial Ethernet is used for communication. Its rate is 100Mbps. The Ethernet is configured as redundancy
u Enclosure dimension: it is 4U in height, 19 inch in width, 137.7mm in depth and is assembled by the aluminum
u Installation mode: central group screen
167
CSC-821 Plant Service Power Supply Quick Switch Device
Overview
With advanced design, complete function and flexible application, as a digital plant service power supply quick
switch device, CSC-821 is applied for hot or cold standby backup transformer. It provides complete switch
functions including normal switch, quick switch, synchronized switch, residual voltage under the two conditions. In
this way, the proper operation of the plat service power system can be guaranteed.
Features
u Adopt general network hardware platform, modular design. Device resource can be flexibly expanded
u Based on IEC61131-3, configuration of the software is easy and flexible
u Adopt 32bit embedded double unit processor, highly-reliable embedded real-time system, low power
consumption
u Unique frequency and phase angle measurement method, high response velocity, powerful interference
resistance, high accuracy, high quick switch success rate
u Improved high resolution constant ahead-time algorithm to guarantee the high resolution close in accident
switch
u Support cold backup switch
u Large capacity wave recording. Record all the switch process. Complete action record, alarm record, operation
record, operation record
u Provides industrial Ethernet, RS485 communication port and abundant output signal contacts
u Perfect self-detection, multiple status detection and blocking
u Power Supply：AC/DC 220 V/110 V
v AC voltage：100V/ 57.7 V
v AC current：1 A/5 A
v DI voltage：DC 110V/ 220 V
u 19 DI, 22 DO，8 AC analog acquisition；remote reset, start switch and soft pressboard can be enabled
u Tripping contact capacity：in DC inductive load circuit, if voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 5 A, time constant L/R＝40
ms, Trip contact capacity = 150 W long-period current ≤ 5 A
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u Switch period：serial connection switch method：<12ms + work switch trip period + backup switch closing
period
v Simultaneous switch period：<12 ms + user customized delay + backup switch lose period
u RS485 port：max. baud rate 115.2 kbps，shielded twisted pair wire port，Modbus protocol；10/100BASE-
TXport：UTP5 communication media，RJ45 port，IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
u SOE resolution：≤ 1 ms
u Follows GB/T 17626 (IEC61000-4)standard
u Installation：case height 4U, width 19 inch. Follows IEC60297-3 standard. Adopts embedded installation
method，back-wiring method
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CSC-822 Standby Power Switch Device
Overview
CSC-822 standby power switch device is applied in power plant which has diesel engine generators or security
segment emergency power supply (the 2nd backup power supply). It can also be applied in some mineral
enterprises which need highly reliable power supply. CSC-822 is applicable for power supply switch control of bus
with 3 power supply and complex control logics.
Features
u Adopt general network hardware platform, modular design. Device resource can be flexibly expanded;
consumption
u Highly reliable hardware. CPU module and IO module’s EMC performance are strictly tested
u Flex installation method, refer to the switch cabinet structure characteristics, it adopts detachable structure, the
master unit and monitor unit can be separately installed
u Large capacity wave recording. Record all the switch process. Complete action record, alarm record, operation
record, operation record
u Provides industrial Ethernet, RS485 communication port and abundant output signal contacts
u Perfect self-detection, multiple status detection and blocking
u Power supply：AC/DC 220 V/110 V
v AC voltage：100 V/380 V
v AC current：1 A/5 A
v DI voltage：DC 110 V/220 V
u 30 DI，16 DO，8AC analog acquisition. Monitor bus voltage, phase to phase voltage, phase to phase current;
remote reset, start switch and soft pressboard can be enabled
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u Tripping contact capacity：in DC inductive load circuit, if voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 5 A, time constant L/R＝
(5±0.75) ms, Trip contact capacity = 50 W long-period current ≤ 5 A
u RS485 port：max. baud rate 115.2 kbps，shielded twisted pair wire port，Modbus protocol；10/100 BASE-
Installation
Detachable structure
171
CSC-825 Digital Synchronization Device
Overview
CSC-825 adopts advanced design and has complete functions. It is applied in generator grid synchronization and
line synchronization inspection. It realizes the difference frequency and common frequency grid synchronization. It
can adjust the frequency and the voltage to reach the synchronization conditions as quick as possible.
Features
u Adopt general network hardware platform, modular design. Device resource can be flexibly expanded
consumption
u Adopts PID control method to adjust the voltage and frequency, adjust the frequency and voltage deviation
to get into the setting range quickly and smoothly. Then gird synchronization is implemented. If the common
frequency condition occurs, the frequency will be adjusted automatically and the opportunity of grid
synchronization is established
u Provides functions such as difference frequency and common frequency grid synchronization, no-voltage close,
auto-identify difference and common frequency grid synchronization
u Large capacity wave recording. Synchronization process can be recorded in detail for user analysis; Record
status of each key node during action process
u HMI can display the synchronization process directly
u Provides phase angle and amplitude compensation for double side voltage of synchronization point. Phase to
phase voltage and phase to earth voltage input are acceptable
u Perfect self-detection function. Real time detection can be realized during operation process. Fault will be
located and triggers the alarm
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CSC－825 digital synchronization device types：
Synchronization
Types Name General functions
point amount
complete 8 synchronization
CSC-825A Digital synchronization device 8
points, line selector is required
CSC-825B Digital synchronization device complete 1 Synchronization point 1
Digital synchronization device line complete 8 Synchronization points
CSC-825X 8
selector line selection
u Power supply：220 V or110 V，auto-adaptable
v AC voltage：100 V/57.7 V
v DI voltage：DC24 V
u Analog measurement range: AC voltage：0 ~ 120 V；Frequency：45 Hz ~ 55 Hz
u Analog measurement accuracy: AC voltage：level 0.5；frequency：≤ 0.01 Hz；phase angle：≤ 0.2°
u Closing accuracy：if frequency deviation ≤ 0.3 Hz，closing phase angle deviation ≤ 1.0°
u Frequency and voltage adjustment: pulse output，pulse width error 10 ms，the pulse width is calculated by
PID, the PID parameters can be adjusted
u Frequency change allowable range: df/dt ≤ 0.5 Hz/s
u RS485 port：max. baud rate 115.2 kbps，shielded twisted pair wire port，Modbus protocol；10/100BASE-
u SOE resolution：≤ 1 ms
u Follows GB/T 17626 (IEC61000-4)standard
u Installation：case height 4U, width 19inch，follows IEC60297-3standard，embedded installation method，
back-wiring method
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CSC-826 Steam Turbine Generator Emergency Trip Protection Device
Overview
CSC-826 is applied for steam turbine emergency generator protection. It can also monitor the operation parameter
of the steam turbine generator. When the parameter exceeds the threshold value, this device will shut all the air
inlet valves to avoid accident. Steam turbine generator emergency trip protection device is a necessary security
inspection device of steam turbine generator. It will also monitor and protect the steam turbine in air inlet valves
test before the generator starts.
Functions
u Steam turbine generator over speed protection
u EH oil pressure low alarm, lubricating oil pressure low alarm, vacuum low protection
u Axial direction motion, differential expansion and vibration protection
u High outputs high temperature protection
u Manual switch
u Online test
u First tripping record
u Preformed protection interface
Features
u EMC performance reaches the strictest level of IEC61000-4
u Overall redundant design, redundant network, redundant power supply, redundant CPU module, redundant
important I/O module
u Auto switch function the redundant power supply
u Based on IEC61508 standard, important signal adopts triple redundant mechanism
u Power supply with anti-interference inhibitor
u Accident recall function provides easy query and category display
u The first accident record function provides an easy method for engineers to analyze the accident
u Redundant CPU module switch period：< 10 ms
u Logic control period: 10 ms
u SOE resolution: 1 ms
u From the moment when primary component inducts the signal to the moment the system sends the stop
command, it will take only 20 ms
174
CSC-827 Furnace Safeguard Supervisory Device
Overview
CSC-827 furnace safeguard supervisory device continuously monitors the furnace fire, negative pressure and
water level and other relative status value. If the condition which threatens the safety of the furnace occurs (e.g.
furnace flameout, steam manifold water level is too high or too low, furnace pressure is too high or too low, 2 air
inlet blower are all stopped, or the 2 draft fan are all stopped), the device will implement main fuel trip (MFT), oil
fuel trip (OFT), and coal grinding mill trip (MTR) to shut the fuel toward to the furnace. It will also be used to avoid
the explosive fuel and air mixture to gather in any part of the furnace to guarantee the safety of the boiler.
Functions
u Furnace pressure high/low protection
u Steam manifold water level high/low protection
u Main fuel loss protection
u Furnace flameout protection
u Double induced draft fan, double blower all stop protection
u Draft value < 30% protection
u Manual trip
u Manual reset
u The first accident record
Features
u EMC performance reaches the strictest level of IEC61000-4
u Overall redundant design, redundant network, redundant power supply, redundant CPU module, redundant
important I/O module
u Auto switch function of redundant power supply
u Based on IEC61508 standard, important signal adopts triple redundant mechanism
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u Power supply with anti-interference inhibitor
u Accident recall function provides easy query and category display
u The first accident record function provides an easy method for engineers to analyze the accident
u Redundant CPU module switch period：< 10 ms
u Logic control period: 50 ms
u SOE resolution: 1 ms
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CSC-861 Series Main Control Unit of Distributed Automation
Overview
The main control unit of the CSC-861 distributed automation system includes CSC-861A, CSC-861B, CSC-
861C and CSC-861D. As the core device at the CSPA-2000 system communication control layer, it integrates the
functions of the monitoring sub-station, terminal management device and communication management device.
The main control unit is the information kernel of the CSPA-2000 system. It is connected to the smart protection
monitoring device such as time synchronization, excitation, speed regulator and protection of the hydroelectric
power station via PROFIBUS-DP, LonWorks, RS-485 and Ethernet field bus and connected to the main station
system via Ethernet. Main control unit can communicate with DCS via RS-485 bus and send data to DCS for real
time.
It can be applied in ECMS, DCS and rail transportation automation systems.
Features
u Programmable logic control function based on the field bus communication
u Support all 5 programming languages of IEC61131-3
u Hierarchical real time data mapping technology
u Fault recording management function
u Parallel node communication function
u Perfect redundant hot backup operation mode
u Reliable control privilege switching function
u Powerful communication processing capability
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Ports：
Name Port Type Fieldbus port RS-232port Ethernet port

CSC-861A LonWorks 2 1 1
CSC-861B PROFIBUS-DP 4 1 1
CSC-861C RS-485 9 1 1
CSC-861D RS-485 9 1 3
u Ethernet：100 M fiber/electric optional

u LonWorks: TPT/XF-78, 78 kbps
u PROFIBUS-DP：shielded twisted pair wire, 1.5 Mbps
u RS-485: shielded twisted pair wire, 600 bps～115.2 kbps
u Working temperature：-25 ℃ ~ 55 ℃
u Installation dimension：157 mm*40 mm*181 mm
u Installation method ：rail installation, front-wire
u Power supply：AC/DC220 V or AC/DC110 V
u Power consumption：< 10 W
u I/O port：GPS port (second pulse)
u Protocol supported：CSPA2004, Modbus, CSC2000, CDT, PROFIBUS-DP, IEC60870-5-101/103/104,etc.，
protocol secondary development supported
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Hydropower Automation System
Overview
CSPA-2000 hydropower automation system is a new generation computer monitoring and control system for
hydropower station to meet with the need of process automation of the hydropower station.
Based on years of power system design experience of Sifang Company, CSPA-2000 hydropower automation
system provides integrated solution of monitoring and control plus relay protection for hydropower power plants
and cascade hydropower plants, with comprehensive hydropower plant automation product line, including CSC-
850 PLC, relay protections, digital synchronization devices、excitation control systems and so on for hydropower
plants. This system is highly integrated. It greatly simplifies the information interfaces between the intelligent
devices. It realizes the “turnkey” solution for hydropower plant application.
CSPA-2000 hydropower automation system has a hierarchical distributed system architecture based on field bus.
It is divided into the information layer, station control layer and field layer.
Station control layer consists of servers, operator stations, engineer stations, remote communication stations and
GPS satellite clock to control the operation of the whole hydropower plant. It adopts CyberControl large-scale
automation software platform to realize the functions of the station control layer. The platform is powerful, simple
to configure, easy to use, with professional integrated development environment IDE.
Field layer consists of the local control units (LCU), including unit LCU, public LCU and switchyard station LCU,
etc. LCU is used to complete data acquisition and processing, control & regulation of the production process, the
communication with the station control layer, and follow the orders and managements of station control layer.
CSPA-2000 hydropower automation system considers safety, reliability, economical, practical, and real time at the
same time, and embodies the design concept of “unattended, few people on duty”. It provides diversified solutions
for different scale hydropower plant and cascaded hydropower plants. It is an ideal platform to realize the digital
hydropower plant.
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CSPA-2000 Computer Monitoring System for Small Hydropower Plant
Applications
CSPA-2000 computer monitoring system for small hydropower plant can access the field device data, control
the device in real time and realize the integrated implementation of the automatic power station monitoring and
protection system with high-performance programmable automation controller. CSPA-2000 system provides
the comprehensive automation products for hydroelectric power station. It can be used for construction and
development of new small hydroelectric power station or automation reconstruction of existing small hydroelectric
power station, which can improve old system’s automation degree and meet “no man on duty and a few men on
duty” requirement.
Structure
Functions
u Data acquisition and processing
u Operation monitoring and event alarm (state surveillance, exceeding the limit inspection, process monitoring,
trend analysis, abnormal status online real-time monitoring, accidents and alarms, accident recall and event
log, etc.)
u Control and regulation (normal start-up, shutdown, accident shutdown, active power regulation, reactive power
regulation, etc.)
u System time synchronization
u System communication
u Safety management
u Operation management
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Features
u Comprehensive hydropower plant automation product line and monitoring+ protection integrated solution for
small hydropower plant
u Integrated local control unit monitoring, unit LCU, auxiliary public LCU and switch station LCU
u Excellent local control unit CSC-850 controller and dedicated control scheduling algorithm
u Diversified expert application tool, data sheet, trend curve, intelligent alert, full-scenario fault recording
management.
u Holographic data compression technology, comprehensive and reliable history storage and efficient search and
inquiry
u Rich experience in small hydropower plants and dedicated design for reconstruction scheme
u Highly open system interface for easy protocol access of different devices and communication with the
dispatching center
u SIFANG is the dedicated manufacturers of the power system relay protection device and provides the stable,
reliable and diversified products
u LCU control cycle 10 ms～30 s adjustable
u Analogy control time ≤ 0.25 s
u Digital control time ≤ 0.1 s
u System utilization rate ≥ 99.9%
u Communication correctness rate ≥ 99.9％
u System control time < 1s (time from interface control command sending to field execution)
u Image refresh cycle < 2 s
u History storage cycle < 1 s
u History storage capacity 2 years (automatic backup)
181
CSPA-2000 Computer Monitoring System for Large and Middle-Scale
Hydropower Plant
Applications
CSPA-2000 computer monitoring system for large and middle-scale hydropower plant is a new field bus distributed
control system. It can provide whole solution for hydropower plant automation and is suitable for large and middle
scale hydropower plant unit LCU, public device LCU, switch station LCU and lock LCU automation. It can be used
to construct the whole-station integrated computer monitoring system and exchange data with dispatching centers
at different levels for management coordination, optimized dispatching and economic operation.
Structure
Functions
trend analysis, abnormal status online real-time monitoring, accidents and alarms, accident recall and event
log, etc.)
u Control and regulation (normal start-up, shutdown, accident shutdown, active regulation, reactive regulation,
AGC, AVC etc.)
u Safety management
182
Features
u Intelligent hierarchical distributed automated system architecture, central monitoring and field distributed control
u Massive data collection and processing capability.1 million points database capacity and DP service processing
mechanism
u Higher system reliability measures and high-performance field control unit CSC-850 controller
u Whole-system redundant configuration, field control unit LCU, power supply, server and operator station
u Diversified expert application tool, data sheet, trend curve, intelligent alert, full-scenario fault recording and
setting management
u Professional control scheduling algorithm and station-level AGC/AVC software system
inquiry
u Multi-type field bus technology (Profibus-DP, LonWorks, Ether CAT and CAN), flexible and convenient access
excitation regulator, unit speed regulator, protection device and other intelligent devices
u Support IEC61850-7-410 specification and provide system support for digital hydropower plant
u Highly open system interface for easy protocol access of different devices and communication with dispatching
center
u Comprehensive hydropower plant automation product line and solution for different hydropower plant
u LCU control cycle 10 ms～30 s adjustable
u Analog control time ≤ 0.25 s
u Digital control time ≤ 0.1 s
u Communication correctness rate ≥ 99.9％
u System control time <1 s (time from interface control command sending to field execution)
u Data capacity 100 000 points (large scale) 10000 points (middle scale)
183
CSPA-2000 Centralized Monitoring System of Cascade Hydropower
Center
Applications
CSPA-2000 centralized monitoring system of cascade hydropower plant is designed with the advanced computer
software technology and network communication technology. It receives the data of the cascade hydropower plant
in the drainage area and realizes remote central monitoring for the main/auxiliary device and “no man on duty and
few-man on duty” of the hydropower cascade center. The system coordinates and controls operation and power
generation of the units in cascade hydropower plant via professional control and scheduling algorithm, realizes
the economic scheduling in the whole cascade drainage area, effectively improves integrated management level
of the cascade hydropower plants and wields the advantage of joint scheduling of hydropower plants.
Structure
Functions
It can realize the functions of hydropower cascade center to complete the centralized monitoring of multiple
hydropower plants.
trend analysis, abnormal status online real-time monitoring, accident and alarms, accident recall and event log,
etc.)
184
u Control and regulation (normal start-up, shutdown, accident shutdown, active regulation, reactive regulation,
AGC, AVC etc.)
u Unified control of multiple hydropower plants
u Safety management
Features
u Massive data collection and processing capability, 1 million points database capacity and DP service
processing mechanism
u Diversified expert application tool, data sheet, trend curve, intelligent alert, full-scenario fault recording and
setting management
inquiry
u Redundant 1000M optical communication network and real-time and reliable trunk network communication
capability
u Professional control and scheduling algorithm and scheduling-level AGC/AVC-EDC software system
u Highly open system interface for protocol access of different systems and devices in the cascade hydropower
plants
u Whole-system management, self-diagnosis, redundant deployment server, engineer station, operator station
and large-screen device
u Database capacity 500 000 points (large scale), 100 000 points (middle scale)
u Communication correctness rate ≥ 99.9%
u System control time < 1 s (time from interface control command sending to field execution)
185
CSC-850 Local Control Unit (LCU)
Applications
CSC-850 programmable automation controller is applied to hydropower plant local control unit (LCU) and provides
flexible system configuration, powerful processing capability and reliable field application capability. It can connect
the field signals via hard connection cable, connect the smart device via different field buses, connect speed
regulator and excitation system via multiple modes and provide comprehensive solution to the customers. It
supports IEC61850-7-410 specification.
Functions
CSC-850 programmable automation controller can realize the control, adjustments, communications and other
functions of the hydropower station LCU. It is the core equipment of the field layer.
CSC－850 LCU can provide the following monitoring and control functions:
u DI collection
v Each DI can be defined into various types, such as state input (important signal can be double position
input), alarm input, SOE, pulse cumulative input, transformer tap input (BCD code or hexadecimal code),
etc., with anti-shake function
u DO control
v It can accept the master commands issued by remote control, complete operations of control circuit breaker,
reset transceiver, etc., and realize the DI latch control by programming
u AC input collection
v It can submit RMS voltage, RMS current, 3U0, 3I0,active power, reactive power, frequency, 2-13th harmonics
and so on according to different voltage grade
u DC input collection
v It can collect a variety of DC values such as voltage signal below DC5V, current signal below DC20mA, and
process the input signal
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u Temperature input collection
v It can directly collect thermal resistance and thermocouple signals and submit them after the signals are
converted into temperature values
u Electric energy value input collection
v It has a pulse energy value and integral electrical measurement collection functions
u On-load-tap-changing
v It can collect the transformer tap gears (BCD code or hexadecimal code), respond the remote control
commands issued by the local master (up, down, stop), and regulate the transformer tap position
u Programmable logic
v It provides logic programming software following IEC61131-3 standard which can realize lots of functions,
such as unit LCU, public LCU functions and the emergency power supply auto restart function, etc
Features
u CPU is designed with the integrated embedded dual-core chip
u All I/O plug-ins provides the processing capability
u High-performance EMC
u All plug-in are covered with the silicon glue coat
u The digital output plug is under dual protection
u DC analog input and output precision reaches class 0.1
u Clock error of all plug-in is less than 1ms
u Digital input plug-in provides the SOE function
u Smart I/O plug-in provides the self diagnosis function
u I/O plug-in provides the fault recording and communication packet storage function
u All plug-in support hot plug
u The system has no fan battery and the maintenance work is low
u The system provides graphic hardware component
u The system supports online loading logic
u The system provides IEC61131-3 programmable logic control function
u The system provides high-performance specific format and supports the open standard
u The system can meet with the technical requirements of the hydropower plant monitoring system
u The system provides software interface with the SCADA/HMI database and can provide the real time data to
SCADA/HMI process database, graph and history database
u Operation condition
v Environment temperature: -25 ℃～+55 ℃, maximum change rate: 20 ℃/h
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v Relative humidity: 5%～100%, maximum absolute humidity: 28 g/m3
v Air pressure: 86 kPa～106 kPa
u Time feature
v Redundant CPU plug-in switching time ＜10 ms

v Configuration logic control cycle: 10 ms～30 s adjustable
v Minimal control cycle: analog control: 0.10 s; digital control: 0.01 s
u Voltage resistance
v Power supply circuit earthing 2 kV

v DC power earthing 1 kV
v Signal port earthing 0.5 kV
v CPU load rate: load rate under the worst operation condition ＜ 60%
v Load rate of data communication us load rate under the busy operation condition: ＜ 60%
Mechanical requirements:
Test Index Reference
Ability to withstand vibration Level 1 GB/T 11287—2000
Ability to withstand vibration endurance Level 1 GB/T 11287—2000
Ability to withstand the impulse response Level 1 GB/T 14537—1993
Ability to withstand the impulse endurance Level 1 GB/T 14537—1993
Ability to withstand collision Level 1 GB/T 14537—1993
Immunity performance
Test Index Reference
Insulation resistance 500 V DC > 100 MΩ GB/T 14598.3 (IEC 60255-5)
Insulation withstanding 2.0 kV AC 1 min GB/T 14598.3 (IEC 60255-5)
Impulse voltage 5 kV 1.2/50 μs GB/T 14598.3 (IEC 60255-5)
Radiated electromagnetic field immunity Level 3 GB/T 17626.3 (IEC 61000-4-3)
Frequency magnetic field immunity Level 5 GB/T 17626.8 (IEC 61000-4-8)
Electrical fast transient immunity Level 4 ±2 kV GB/T 17626.4 (IEC 61000-4-4)
Surge (shock) immunity Level 4 ±4 kV GB/T 17626.5 (IEC 61000-4-5)
Auxiliary power drops and interruptions Level 20%, 0.5 s GB/T 17626.11 (IEC 61000-4-11)
RF field immunity induced spread harassment Level 3 GB/T 17626.6 (IEC 61000-4-6)
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CSC-825 Digital Semi-Synchronized Device
Applications
CSC-825 digital semi-synchronized device can merge the generator grid and close the line synchronously.
CSC-825A supports 8 synchronization points. CSC-825 B supports 1 synchronization point. The device can
automatically recognize the parallel grid property of the parallel point breaker. It can capture the grid connection
opportunity with the precise mathematical model in case of differential frequency grid connection. When the phase
angle is close to zero, the device can merge the network without impact.
Functions
Achieve the unit and switching station synchronization function of the hydropower plant.
The main function configurations of CSC-825 digital semi-synchronized device and the selector is shown in the
following table:
Type
Main function configuration
CSC-825A CSC-825B CSC-825X
Generator grid ● ●
Line synchronization ● ●
Voltage and frequency regulation ● ●
Vector phasor ● ●
No voltage closing ● ●
Circuit breaker closing time measurement ● ●
Ethernet communication ● ●
Selection control ●
Selection ●
Features
u Power module and AC module are configured to be redundant. Two collection systems are independent and
reliable
u Automatically identify the grid connection of the parallel point breaker
u Capture the first zero phase angle difference with the precise mathematical model in case of frequency
difference grid connection and realize quick grid connection without impact
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u Record closing time of the breaker, provide basic data to user and send alert when the phase difference
between the actual measurement value and setting is higher
u Connect TV second phase, phase to phase voltage and set the rotary angle via the software
u Prevent against the reverse power grid connection and no power phase change on demand
u Provide overvoltage protection of the generator system
u Receive the input block, output block and coordinate with other devices
u Provide powerful wave recording function and store 40 grid merging records
u Provide diversified communication interface (RS485 and electrical and optical Ethernet network) and support
multiple protocols and dual network communication
u Rated parameters
v Power voltage: DC/AC 220 V、DC110 V，allowed error: +15%, -20%

v AC voltage: 100 V or 100/√3 V
v Frequency: 50 Hz
u Measurement precision
v Voltage: ±1.0%
v Frequency: ±0.01 Hz
v Angle: ±1°
u Capacity of output relay contact
v The contact off capacity is 50 W and the long allowed current is not higher than 5 A in DC induction load
circuit where the voltage is not higher than 250V and the current is not higher than 1 A and the time constant
L/R＝5±0.75 ms
u Environmental conditions
v Working environment temperature: -10 ℃～＋55 ℃

v Storage environment temperature: -25 ℃～＋70 ℃
v Relative humidity: maximum 90％
v Air pressure: 80 kPa ～110 kPa
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CSC-800M Distributed Control Unit
Applications
CSC-800M distributed control unit can communicate with the remote control dispatch centers as the embedded
remote control work station. Multiple channels and multiple remote control protocols can simultaneously operate.
The control unit is embedded and has no hard disk and fan, so it is superior to the remote control work station
of hydropower plant. The control unit provides the programmable logic control function, hot backup redundancy
function and Comtrade fault recording management function regulated in IEC61131-3 standard. The control unit
provides diversified Ethernet interface and built-in switching chip to reduce use of the system switches.
Functions
It can realize remote measurement, remote communication, remote control, remote adjustment between
hydropower plants and the dispatch center.
The functions of CSC-800M distributed control unit include：
u Distributed SCADA functions
It can realize remote measurement, remote communication, remote control, remote adjustment functions and
has a high-capacity real-time database.
v Real-time data processing function
v Terminal equipment management function
v Protocol conversion function
u Communication interface and protocol
CSC-800M provides flexible and rich communication interfaces, including some optional Ethernet interfaces
and some serial interfaces such as RS-485, RS-232, RS422. Users can select an appropriate model according
to the project requirement.
Provide rich communication protocols, including IEC60870-5-101,IEC60870-5-104, DNP3.0, DL/T451-1991
(CDT), MODBUS. They can be further developed according to the requirements of engineering specification.
u Programmable logic control function
CSC-800M distributed control unit with programmable control function has powerful programmable logic control
function. It can flexibly realize the functions such as logic blocking, sequential control, anti-misoperation, etc.
u Redundancy
CSC-800M distributed control unit can realize redundancy function between the two devices to realize data
sharing and information sharing via Ethernet communication.
u Mass storage and Comtrade fault recording
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u Event records, operation records and message records
u Control right exclusive and switching functions
u Self-detection function
The device has a perfect self-diagnosis, self-recovery and system status detection. When program is disturbed,
the fault can be timely diagnosed and the program be restored normally.
u Time synchronization
u Debugging function
u Remote maintenance function
Features
u Embedded hardware platform, no hard disk, no fan and low power consumption
u Quick response, flexible operation mode, easy extension, adaptation to diversified protocols and easy
debugging and maintenance
u Powerful calculation and communication processing capability and high-capacity storage
u Programmable logic control function following IEC61131-3 standard
u Redundant data synchronization
u Multiple Ethernet interface and built-in switching chip
u Indirect access to LonWorks and PROFIBUS-DP bus device
u Working conditions:
v Working power: AC/DC110 V～220 V
v Power consumption: < 30 W
v Working temperature: -25 ℃～55 ℃
u Communication port:
v Optical fiber interface: 62.5/125 μm, 50/125 μm multi-mode optical fiber, 62.5/125 μm single-mode optical
fiber and 1310nm optical wavelength
v RS-485：shielded twisted cable，600 bps～115.2 kbps
v Ethernet：RJ45，100 M
u I/O interface
v Two DI, two DO and outage alert
v GPS interface (min, second pulse and IRIG-B are optional)
u System resource
v Processor:MPC8247-400 M
v FLASH：16 M bytes
v SDRAM：128 M bytes
v CF Card：2 G byte
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Supported protocols: IEC60870-5-101/103/104, CDT and Modbus, support further development of the protocol
Installation dimension: 482.6 mm*248 mm*88.1 mm
Installation mode: embedded installation
Port quantity: 10 RS-48 interfaces, 1 RS-422 interfaces, 1 RS-232 interface, 14 Ethernet Interfaces (10
photoelectrical interfaces are optional) and 3 built-in switching chips
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CSC-861 Main Control Unit of Distributed Automation System
Applications
Main control unit of the CSC-861 distributed automation system includes CSC-861A, CSC-861B, CSC-861C and
CSC-861D. It is the core device in CSPA-2000 system communication control layer. It integrates the functions of
the monitoring sub-station, terminal management device and communication management device.
As information center of CSPA-2000 system, It is connected to smart protection monitoring devices such as time
synchronization, excitation, speed regulator and protection of the hydropower plant via PROFIBUS-DP, LonWorks,
RS-485 and Ethernet field bus and connected to the main station system via the Ethernet. It features the reliable
operation, strong disturbance resistance capability, quick response, flexible operation mode, easy extension,
adaptation to many protocols and easy for debugging and maintenance.
Functions
u Distributed SCADA functions
It can realize remote measurement, remote communication, remote control and remote adjustment functions. It
has a high-capacity real-time database.
u Communication interface and protocol
Users can edit the logic diagrams according to the actual needs, then download into the decentralized
control unit in order to achieve the functions as sequence control, logic blocking. Logic function blocks follow
IEC61131-3 standard and can be easily developed for expansion.
u Control right management function
Control right management function is based on IEC61131-3 logic module. Control management strategy can
be configured according to the users’ needs. The control and operation of the control switch can be operated
completely in an arbitrary system. To ensure reliable switch of the control right and safety management of
control operation in ECS, DCS and other control systems, CSC-861 provides fault recording for accident
analysis.
u RTU master function
Complete communication between the remote control center and the dispatch center and achieve the remote
monitoring of power plants from them.
u Comprehensive self-detection function
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Features
u Programmable logic control function based on field bus communication
u Support all 5 programming languages of IEC61131-3
u Hierarchical real time data mapping technology
u Fault recording management function
u Parallel node communication function
u Perfect redundant hot backup operation mode
u Reliable control right management function
u Powerful communication processing capability
Interfacing:
Type Interface Type Bus RS232 Ethernet

CSC-861A LonWorks 2 1 1
CSC-861B ProfiBus-DP 4 1 1
CSC-861C RS-485 9 1 1
CSC-861D RS-485 9 1 3
u Ethernet: 100M photoelectric is optional

u LonWorks：TPT/XF-78，78 kbps
u PROFIBUS-DP：shielded twisted cable, 1.5 Mbps
u RS-485：shielded twisted cable,600 bps～115.2 kbps
u I/O interface: GPS interface (second pulse)
u Supported protocol: Modbus, IEC60870-5-101/103/104, CDT, PROFIBUS-DP, CSC2000 and CSPA2004 and
support second protocol development
u Installation dimension: 40.2 mm* 181.13 mm*157 mm
u Installation mode: guide rail installation and front connection line
u Operation power supply: AC/DC 220 V or AC/DC 110 V is optional
u Power consumption: < 10 W
u Operation temperature: -25 ℃～55 ℃
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CSC-800V Automatic Voltage Control Sub-Station
Applications
It is suitable for hydropower plant. It can receive bus voltage command from the dispatching center AVC main
station, compare with the current bus voltage, calculate the target output reactive power of the high-voltage bus of
the power generation plant, distribute it to the generator unit of the power generation plant according to reactive
power distribution strategy, provide the adjustment scheme within the capacity of the generator under the current
operation mode based on safe operation constraints of the generator unit, control the excitation adjustment of the
excitation adjuster, therefore finally realize voltage reactive power automatic control of the multiple generators in
the whole plant and control the voltage of high-voltage bus of the hydropower plant within the permission range.
Functions
Realize automatic control of the Hydropower plants high-voltage bus
u Realize precise control of voltage, reactive power according to the AVC master station’s requirement. Provide
control modes such as remote automatic control, local automatic control and local manual control
u Distribute generator reactive power strategies by the methods such as equal power factor method, equal
proportion method, and similar margin method, etc., according to the practical condition at the site
u When local automatic control mode is adopted, the device can support 24 hours voltage curve and track the
curve automatically
u Monitor the security constraints of the units. Implement control within the security constraints
Features
u Used for hydropower industry and provide AVC voltage automatic control of hydropower plant
u General network hardware platform, flexible and extensible resource, high reliability, high measurement
u The embedded dual-core CPU processor, real time embedded OS, low power consumption, high performance
and adaptation to severe working environment
u The software is designed according to IEC61131-3 standard. Configuration is flexible and expansion can be
easily realized
u Support multiple control modes and manual adjustment precision setting and can guarantee safe operation of
the generator under different blocking conditions
u Provide holographic storage of history data, long fault recording, storage of over 2-year data and convenient
data analysis means
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for easy interaction with LCU, AVR, RTU and dispatching center
u Event record resolution ≤ 1 ms
u Industrial Ethernet is used for communication. Its rate is 100Mbps. The Ethernet is configured redundantly
u Installation mode: panel installation
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CSC-800G Automatic Generation Control Sub-Station
Applications
It is suitable for hydropower plant. The power generation plant automatic power generation control sub-station
can receive the target load command from the dispatching center AGC main station, distribute it to the generator
unit of the power generation plant according to power distribution strategy, avoid the unit vibration area and gas
erosion area according to the safe operation restraint conditions of the unit, provide the adjustment scheme within
the capacity of the generator under the current operation mode, control the speed regulators of the generators
and finally realize the active power automatic control of the multiple generators in the whole plant.
Functions
u Realize precise control of voltage, active power according to AVC master station’s requirement. Provide the
control modes such as remote automatic control, local automatic control and local manual control
u Distribute generator active power strategies by the equal capacity method, according to the practical condition
at the site, and realize the function of automatic start and shutoff the hydropower generator
u When local automatic control mode is adopted, the device can support 24 hours voltage curve and track the
curve automatically
u Monitor the security constraints of the units. Implement control within the security constraints
Features
u Used for the hydropower industry and provide AGC automatic power generation control to the hydropower
plant
u General network hardware platform, flexible and extensible resource, high reliability, high measurement
u The embedded dual-core CPU processor, real time embedded OS, low power consumption, high performance
and adaptation to the severe working environment
u The software is designed according to IEC61131-3 standard. Configuration is flexible and expansion can be
easily realized
u Support multiple control modes and manual adjustment precision setting and can guarantee safe operation of
the generator under different blocking conditions
u Provide holographic storage of history data, long fault recording, storage of over 2 year data and convenient
data analysis means
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for easy interaction with LCU, RTU and dispatching center
u Event record resolution
u Industrial Ethernet is used for communication. Its rate is 100Mbps. The Ethernet is configured redundantly
u Installation mode: panel installation
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Protection and Security Automation Equipments in Hydropower Plant
The following protections are applied in hydropower plant.
Type Functions Scope

CSC-211 Multifunction protection Line protection below 110kV
CSC-241 Digital auxiliary transformer protection Auxiliary transformer
CSC-246 Digital standby power switchover equipment Auxiliary system
CSC-298 Digital PT instrument and protection PT protection below 10kV
CSC-306 Digital generator protection Generator protection
CSC-326 Digital transformer electrical pProtection Transformer electrical protection
CSC-336 Digital transformer non-electrical protection Transformer non-electrical protection
CSC-101 Digital line protection Line protection
CSC-103 Digital line protection Line protection
CSD-361 Generator phase measurement unit Generator measurement
CSC-196 GPS synchronization GPS synchronization
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CSC-831 Series Low-Voltage Measurement and Control Device
PT&CT Operation Pannel
Protection
Instrument
Control
Applications
CSC-831M low-voltage motor measurement and control device is suitable for various rated current motors of
rated voltage 380 V of hydropower plant.
CSC-831L low-voltage distribution measurement and control device is suitable for the distribution system of AC
50HZ and rated voltage 380 V.
CSC-831P low-voltage PT measurement and control device is suitable for the protection and measurement of low-
voltage busbar voltage transformer.
Functions
CSC-831M low-voltage motor measurement and control can protect the motor from the overload, locked rotor,
phase imbalance, ground or leakage, over/under voltage protection. And it support a variety of starting methods as
direct start, two-way start, two-speed start, star-angle start, etc. it has also the functions of measurement, control,
test and communication.
CSC-831L low-voltage distribution measurement and control device can not only be used as a measurement and
control integration device of low voltage circuit, but also be used as a special measurement device of intelligent
distribution system. It provides the functions as three stage overcurrent protection, low voltage protection, over
voltage protection, ground protection and PT disconnection alarm, etc.
CSC-831P low-voltage PT measurement and control device provides the functions such as two stage low voltage
protection, over voltage alarm, zero sequence over voltage alarm, and PT disconnection alarm, etc.
Features
u Beautiful appearance and exquisite volume to facilitate drawer ark installation
u Provide double Profibus interfaces with 6Mbps speed, upports DP_V1 protocol
u Statistical functions, power quality, remote maintenance and other functions to enhance the user experience
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u The fault recording function includes waves recorded during motor starting and failure process
u The periodic data exchange can realize the remote measurement, remote control and remote communication.
The acyclic data exchange can realize the remote control and settings, pressboard, event, fault recording and
time synchronization, etc.
u Rated parameters
v DC voltage：220 V or 110 V（order required by user）

v AC voltage：100 V or 100/√3 V
v AC current：5A or 1 A（according to user’ s requirement）
u Environmental conditions
v Working environment temperature: -10 ℃～55 ℃

v Storage environment temperature: -25 ℃～70 ℃
v Relative humidity: maximum 90％
v Air pressure: 80 kPa～110 kPa
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Generator Excitation System
With advanced excitation control theories, GEC series excitation control system for all types of synchronous
generator adopts the essence of modern microcomputer technology / power electric & electronics technology.
GEC series microcomputer excitation control system improves stability of electric power system. At the same
time the excitation controller is simple in hardware construction, easy to operate, convenient to maintain, rich in
software functions.
203
GEC-300 Excitation Control System for Large and Medium Generator
Applications
GEC-300 excitation control system is suitable for synchronous condensers and all types of synchronous
generators whose rated capacity varies from 50MW to 1000MW. It is also suitable for hydropower plant, thermal
power plant or nuclear power plant.
u GEC-300 excitation control system applies to
v Static excitation system

v AC exciter (brushless or not)+ permanent-magnet pilot exciter (PMG) system
v AC exciter (brushless or not)+ excitation transformer system
v AC exciter with self regulated constant voltage + separately excited generator system
v DC exciter system (Thyristor or IGBT may be adopted)
Structure
Hierarchical multiprocessor structure is adopted in GEC-300 excitation control system to meet with user’s various
requirements for control performance, power grid stability, graphical interface, communication and remote control
and so on. GEC-300 excitation control system is a three-layer structure:
u The bottom is the Intelligent Power Unit, which is used to monitor and control the rectifier cubicle
u The middle is the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR or AER) unit, which is used to carry out most of the
excitation system’s control and protection functions, such as AVR,FCR,PSS,UEL,OEL,V/f, PT wire break
protection
u The top is the Extended Communication Unit (ECU), which is used to communicate with DCS, event log and
fault recording
u The structure is shown in the following figure
204
Functions
u AVR—Automatic voltage regulator (automatic control system)
u FCR—Manual control system (field current regulator)
u Automatic power factor regulation or reactive power regulation on generator leads (automatic control system)
u Power system stabilizer—PSS2A/2B(IEEE std. 421)
u V/f ratio limiter
u UEL—Underexcitation limiter
u OEL—Overexcitation limiter
u PT disconnection protection
u Erroneous field forcing protection
u Stator current limiter
u Over reactive power limiter
u No load field current limiter
u On line minimum field current limiter
u Autotracking ensuring rapid and virtually bumpless changeover between A channel and B channel, also
between AVR and FCR
u Intelligent feedback excitation current sharing. No extra device, Coefficient of current distribution will be greater
than 98.0% for 2-6 rectifier cubicles
u Fault recording(Fault activate, Test activate, Manual activate) and event log
u SEDC (optionally) is applied to solve SSR
u High reliability
u High availability
u Good adaptability
u Low maintenance requirements
u High speed of response. The close-loop control refreshing cycle of GEC-300 excitation control system is
0.625ms
u Good regulating properties
u Robust construction
u All digit control: AC sample, AVR/FCR/PSS/Limiter/Protection, pulse generation
u CPU: TI TMS320F2812 , 32 bit DSP SoC (System on Chip)
u High-frequency buses are all integrated inside the chip. The periphery is low-frequency 50Hz/60Hz/DC signals.
SoC technology enhances EMC performance and reliability
u CANBUS ensures instant and reliable information exchange between IPU and AVR. The application of CAN
dramatically decreases the wiring cables between IPU and AVR, AVR and IPU can be placed independently.
Optical fiber can be used for long distance communication (0.1 km-2.0 km)
205
u System redundancy
N-1 reliability design principle
Failure of any one key component will not affect the control performance of the system
N-2 reliability design principle
Excitation will be ensured in the event of simultaneous failure of any two key components. For example
Failure of 2 IPUs leads to limit the field current
Failure of 2 AVRs leads to switch to constant synchronous voltage operation of IPU
Failure of CAN+AVR leads to switch to constant synchronous voltage operation of IPU
Failure of ECU+AVR leads to losing effectiveness of communication and network functions, and AVR being
switched to another set
u Thorough self-checking and self diagnosis
u Graphical user interface (Including transfer function display and modification)
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Key technical data
No. Item Unit Technical data
Auto: 10% to 120%
1 Voltage adjusting range %
Manual: 5% to 130%
2 Accuracy of voltage regulation % ≤ 0.1% of rated voltage
Reactive current compensation ratio adjusting
3 % ±15%, step 0.1%
range
4 Static gain times ≥ 500
5 Dynamic gain times ≥ 40
0.5% to 1% of rated no-load voltage per
6 Voltage regulating speed %/s
second. It can be adjustable on line.
7 Voltage resolution % ≤ 0.05% of rated no-load voltage
Not greater than ±0.25% of rated no-
8 V/F characteristic %/Hz
load voltage per Hz
Increase value ≤ 0.08 s
9 Response time of excitation system Decease value ≤ 0.15 s
Voltage response ratio ≥ 2.0
Overshoot ≤ 30% of step quantity;
10 5% no-load step response oscillation times is less than 2; settling
time is shorter than 3 s
Max. voltage ≤ 110% of rated no-load

11 100% voltage increase from zero voltage; oscillation times is less than 2;
settling time is shorter than 5 s
12 Power consumption W Less than 300 W
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GEC-300S Excitation Control Device for Small and Medium Generator
Applications
GEC-300S excitation control device is suitable for all types of synchronous generators
whose rated capacity is below 60MW. It is also suitable for hydroelectric, thermal power
plants.
u GEC-300S excitation control device applies to

v AC exciter (brushless or not)+ permanent-magnet pilot exciter (PMG) system
v AC exciter (brushless or not)+ excitation transformer system
v DC exciter system (Thyristor or IGBT may be adopted)
Functions
u AVR—Automatic voltage regulator (automatic control system)
u FCR—Manual control system (field current regulator)
u Automatic power factor regulation or reactive power regulation on generator leads
(automatic control system)
u Power system stabilizer—PSS2A/2B(IEEE std.421)
u V/f ratio limiter
u UEL—Underexcitation limiter
u OEL—Overexcitation limiter
u PT disconnection protection
u Erroneous field forcing protection
u Stator current limiter
u Over reactive power limiter
u No load field current limiter
u On line minimum field current limiter
u Autotracking ensuring rapid and virtually bumpless changeover between A channel and B channel,also
between AVR and FCR
u Fault recording(fault activate, test activate, manual activate) and event log
u High reliability
u High availability
u Good adaptability
u Low maintenance requirements
208
u High speed of response. The close-loop control refreshing cycle of GEC-300s excitation control device is 0.625 ms
u Good regulating properties
u All digit control: AC sample, AVR/FCR/PSS/Limiter/Protection, pulse generation
u CPU: TI TMS320F2812 , 32 bit DSP SoC (System on Chip)
u High-frequency buses are all integrated inside the chip. The periphery is low-frequency 50Hz/60Hz/DC signals.
SoC technique enhances EMC performance and reliability
u CANBUS ensures instant and reliable information exchange between AVR channel A and channel B
u Flexible and compact installation approach：Since the controller utilizes standard 6U box, its installation is as
easy as meters
u Thorough self-checking and self diagnosis
u Graphical user interface(Include transfer function display and modification)
209
Key technical data
No. Item Unit Technical data
Auto: 10% to 120%
1 Voltage adjusting range %
Manual: 5% to 130%
2 Accuracy of voltage regulation % ≤ 0.1% of rated voltage
Reactive current compensation
3 % ±15%, step 0.1%
Ratio adjusting range
4 Static gain times ≥ 500
5 Dynamic gain times ≥ 40
0.5% to 1% of rated no-load voltage per second. It can
6 Voltage regulating speed %/s
be adjustable on line.
7 Voltage resolution % ≤ 0.05% of rated no-load voltage
8 V/F characteristic %/Hz Not greater than ±0.25% of rated no-load voltage per Hz
Increase value ≤ 0.08 s
9 Response time of excitation system Decrease value ≤ 0.15 s
Voltage response ratio ≥ 2.0
Overshoot ≤ 30% of step quantity; oscillation times is
10 5% no-load step response
less than 2; settling time is shorter than 3 s
Max. voltage ≤ 110% of rated no-load voltage; oscillation
11 100% increase voltage from zero
times is less than 2; settling time is shorter than 5 s
12 Power consumption W Less than 300 W
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GEKL Series (Intelligent) Thyristor Rectifier Device
Applications
GEKL thyristor rectifier device is suitable for all types of synchronous generators whose rated capacity varies from
10MW to 1000MW as power rectifier source.
GEKL thyristor rectifier device applies to:
Static excitation system
AC exciter + permanent-magnet pilot exciter (PMG) system
AC exciter+ excitation transformer system
AC exciter with self regulated constant voltage + separately excited generator system
Functions
u Three phase full controlled thyristor rectifier bridge provides field current
u Commutation overvoltage suppression
u Fast fuse to protect device
u Block trigger pulse to achieve AC de-excitation
u Over temperature signal to AVR for current limiter
u Intelligent feedback excitation current sharing function optional
u Three phase full controlled thyristor rectifier bridge. MAX 6 cubicles parallel running. The device is designed
according to N-1 or N-2 principle. Even if one or two rectifier cubicle stops running, the rest rectifier cubicles
can afford normal excitation and forcing excitation to generator
u Temperature rise < 40K including short time field forcing
211
u Patent section aluminum in favour of the condition when fan fault
u Section aluminum with forced air cooling device MAX output: 3150 A
u Thermotube with auxiliary air cooling device MAX output: 2000 A
u Rectifier cell adopts modular construction, in favor of maintenance
u Air flue adopts transparent insulated front panel, in favor of observing thyristor/RC and measuring temperature
rise
u All digital, intelligent controlled. Fuse/temperature/AC switch/DC switch monitoring
Key technical data

Phase shift range: 10°-150°
Type Thyristor rectifier device Diode rectifier device
Parameters
GEKL- GEZL-
Rated Voltage (V) 300/500/800/1000/1200
Rated Current 20/40/100/200/400/800/1000/ 20/40/100/200/400/800/1000/
per Cubicle (A) 1600/2000/2500/3150 1600/2000
Section aluminum with forced air cooling / auxiliary air cooling / naturally cooling
Type of cooling
Thermotube with forced air cooling / auxiliary air cooling / naturally cooling
Running Noise ≤ 75 dB (forced air cooling)/50 dB（naturally cooling）
212
GEMC Series De-Excitation Device
Applications
GEMC de-excitation device is suitable for all types of synchronous generators whose rated capacity varies from
2MW to 1000MW. It may carry out normal operation, rotor de-excitation and overvoltage protection.
u GEMC de-excitation device applies to

v AC exciter + permanent-magnet pilot exciter (PMG) system
v AC exciter + excitation transformer system
v AC exciter with self regulated constant voltage + separately excited generator system
v DC exciter system
Functions
u Switch off field current in normal or fault condition, including rotor short-circuit current
u Carry out fast de-excitation and absorb rotor energy in fault condition
u Absorb all type of overvoltage
u Field circuit breaker: DMX series,DM8 series, ABB E-MAX series, UR series、FKI MM74 series、LENOIR CEX
series
u De-excitation Resistor: ZnO, SiC, Linear resistor. Energy capacity is determined by calculation
u One cubicle or two cubicles (for large capacity generator)
u Simplicity of operation, low maintenance requirements, fast de-excitation, long service life
213
Key technical data
Type GEMC-
Parameters 400 800 1000 1600 2300 3000 4000 6000
Rated Current（A） 400 800 1000 1600 2300 3000 4000 6000
Rated Voltage（kV） 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5
Suitable for generator（MW） 2-20 10-60 50-150 135 - 200 200 - 350 500 -1000
214
Simulation System
Overview
SIFANG took the lead in developing microcomputer-based general simulation support system in 1998 in China
and applying it into engineering implementation. The simulation system greatly reduces the manufacturing,
operation and maintenance cost SIFANG engages in research & development of simulation systems in power
industry with products covering research simulation system and training simulation system, including power plant
simulation system, power grid and substation co-simulation system, substation physical digital simulation system,
wind power generation simulation system and hydropower station simulation system, etc. Among them, CSSP-
2000 power plant training simulation system and CSSS-2000 substation traning simulation system are the first
to be certified by the software of authoritative institutions in China. The certification concludes that these traning
simulation system are reasonably designed with advanced technology. They can compute and analyze results.
They are good for flexible configuration and easy maintainability. Their overall performance has reached national
advanced level and their online modeling and online debugging technology has reached the internationally
advanced level.
Features
u Advanced general simulation support platform
u Advanced simulation and control integration technology
u Accurate power grid dynamic analysis and calculation program
u Advanced physical digital simulation technology
u Advanced 3D simulation technology
u Practical simulation training assessment system
215
CSSP-2000 Power Plant Simulation System
Applications
CSSP-2000 power plant simulation system integrates control, information and simulation, which is applicable
to power plant operation and practical operation training and assessment of operator. It integrates training,
assessment, accident review and preview, unit control strategy optimization and validation studies, control system
hardware detection, and other functions.
Structure
The whole system is based on the local area network. The engineer station is responsible for the configuration
and operation of one-machine multimode simulation data. The instructor station is responsible for the student
files and training room management of the whole simulation system. The operator station is group divided freely
as required. The control system hardware, 3D monitor station, control board and other interfaces are selected to
access the local area network as required.
CyberSim fluid network software:
CyberSim is the network modeling software for two-phase fluid pressure and flow, which is mainly used for
thermal and hydraulic calculations of unit steam turbine and boiler part.
216
PSS electrical network software:
PSS is an integrated simulation modeling software for electrical and grid dynamic and static components, which is
mainly used for electrical and grid load flow calculation.
CyberInfo graphic configuration software:
CyberInfo is composed of project manager (infomana), project editor (infogarden) and project screen operation
system (infocub), which is the general monitoring configuration software, and used in the actual DCS monitoring
system and simulation system of our company.
CyberExam simulation assessment software:
CyberExam is the software for real-time data analysis and operation record permanent storage, and automatic
assessment of actual operation level for the actual operation of the power plant operating personnel.
217
Functions
u Normal operating process training for unit operator
u Basic training, device testing, and equipment troubleshooting for Thermal personnel
u Single and combined accident treatment and anti-accident exercise
u Unit performance calculation and operation analysis
u Assessment and skills contest for operator
u Management of student files and training rooms
u Planning, design and closed-loop verification for the new and transformed unit DCS system
u Control strategy optimization and research for unit control strategy
Features
Simulation control integration technology
u Integration of simulation and control

u Control system logical checking and hardware detection
u Actual monitoring system is independent and is complementary to the simulation system
u Equipment side starts/stops at any time
u Loading, read and storage of any state in all operating conditions
u Accident preview and recall
Virtual DPU technology

u DPU logic and screen translation mode
u VDPU communication mode to enable the training system more real and to have complete functions
u Have proprietary intellectual property CyberLogic-VDPU products
u The simulation control system realizes synchronic upgrade with DCS
218
u Have translation and VDPU butt experience of monitoring systems of many companies, such as Siemens,
Westinghouse, Hitachi, Xinhua, Hollysys, FOXBORO, ABB, and HONEYWELL
Circulating fluidized bed (CFB)

u As for combustion system model, the combustion models of three zones of dense zone, transition zone and
dilute-phase zone are established. The influences of entrainment, backmixing, external bed and return valve
on furnace combustion and heat exchange are fully considered
u As for external bed system model, the heat exchange between the solid particles in the external bed and the air
as well as the particles and the heating surface arranged in the bed, and the relation between the particle flow
and the air volume are simulated. The pressure drop under the grid plate and the fluidized and non-fluidized
state is considered in the pressure calculation
u As for loop seal system, the gradation and separation model is established. The three particles of ash, coke
and calcium oxide are divided into four gears according to the particle size. In addition, the one-dimension
unsteady state conduction model is established according to the unsteady state conduction properties of the
separator wall, so as to reflect the site actual heat transfer characteristics more correctly
Once-through boiler simulation technology

u The multi-link moving-boundary mathematical model of lumped parameters is established according to
the characteristics of the evaporation area of once-through boiler. This model is divided into three lumped
parameter sections, i.e. the hot water section, the evaporation section and the superheat section, to realize the
smooth transition from subcritical process parameters to supercritical process parameters
u The heat transfer process of water wall is divided into 5 sections with more realistic simulation effects
v The forced flow working condition of single-phase liquid under supercritical (ultra-supercritical) pressure
v The forced flow working condition of single-phase water under subcritical pressure
v The forced flow nuclear-state heat exchange working condition of two-phase working medium under
subcritical pressure
v The forced flow dryout heat exchange working condition of two-phase working medium under subcritical
pressure
v The forced flow working condition of single-phase water vapor under subcritical pressure
219
Combustion engine simulation technology
u Uniaxial gas and steam combined cycling unit simulation
u Two-on-one multi-shaft combined fuel gas and steam cycle unit simulation
u Simulation model of the E-level and F-level combustion engine with high accuracy
Improved electrical network calculation software

u Graphic modeling, object-oriented design concept
u Practical, reliable and fast topology analysis method
u Dynamic load flow calculation method with strong astringency, high speed and accuracy
u Fault analysis method based on equipment properties
u Automatic calibration feature of equipment dynamic data
Open training assessment software

u Student management: management for files such as student list, student personal history and monthly report
u Development and management of test questions: development of rules, development of test questions and
development of test question properties, etc.
u Examination management: examination paper selection, distribution of examination paper, monitoring of
student operations, student performance evaluation, etc.
u Management of self-study function: providing operation guidance self-service function and so on according to
self-study needs of the students
u Steady error of simulation model
v Key parameters < ± 0.5%
v Main parameters < ± 1%
v General parameters < ± 2%
u Dynamic error of simulation model
220
v Key parameters < ± 2%
v Main parameters < ± 3%
v General parameters < ± 5%
u System reliability indicators
v Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) of host is greater than 4320 h
v Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) of input/output interface system is greater than 2160 h
v Continuous stable running time of this simulator system is not less than 168 h
u Real-time performance indicators of system
v Time taken by the operator station for calling pictures ≤ 1 s
v Time taken by the operator station for dynamic data updating ≤ 1 s
v Time taken by the operator station for command responding ≤ 1 s
Application cases
Application Case I
The simulation system of multiple simulations in one simulator of 600 MW/350 MW/350 MW units/step-up stations
of Jiangsu Ligang Power Co., Ltd. The simulation objects include:
u 350 MW unit simulation in phase I
u 350 MW unit simulation in phase II
u 600 MW supercritical unit simulation in phase III
u 220 KV step-up station simulation
u 500 KV step-up station simulation
Application Case II
The simulation system of multiple simulations in one simulator of Zhuzhou Huayin Thermal Power Generation Co.,
Ltd., including:
u 3 sets of 300 MW thermal generator units
u 1 set of 600 MW thermal generator unit
u 1 set of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) unit
221
As the simulation training base of SIFANG, Zhuzhou Huayin Thermal Power Generation Co., Ltd. has successfully
held the 2009 Shift Supervisor Skills Competition of China Datang Corporation from November 26th to December 1st
Application Case III:

The simulation system of 2×1,000 MW ultra-supercritical units in phase II project of Guohua Suizhong Power
Generation Co., Ltd.
Application Case IV:

The simulation system of 300 MW heat supply units of Zhangjiakou Tongtai Power Co., Ltd.
222
CSSS-2000 Electric Network and Substation Training Simulation
System
Applications
CSSS-2000 electric network and substation traning simulation system adopts advanced computer technologies to
make full range digital simulation to the substation, meeting with the requirements of substation operation, skills
training, skills assessment, skills appraisal and technical competition of operator and the related personnel.
Structure
This system is based on the general simulation support platform system with integration of graph, model and
library. The system software mainly include general simulation support system, electric network dynamic analysis
program, substation model software, substation 3D simulation software, substation integrated automation
monitoring system software, instructor platform and training management software, etc.
This system adopts an open architecture, i.e. the network environment and distributed client/server system based
on internationally recognized standards. With flexible and convenient system configuration, all station expansions
can be performed.
Functions
u Training on daily operation and monitoring
u Training on normal and abnormal inspection
u Training on handling of faults and accidents
u Training on fail-safe system operation
u Training evaluation and assessment
223
Features
u Detailed, realistic power system model. It has established the fully dynamic digital model which is totally
consistent with the primary equipment and secondary equipment of the actual simulation electric network and
substation
u Powerful general simulation support system with an integration of graph, model and library
u Adopts graphically modeling method for the secondary/protection model
u Establishes the protection equipment model according to internal protection mechanism and start protection
with setting
u Advanced 3D simulation technologies
u Mature and perfect instructor platform
u Real integrated automation monitoring system
u Practical training evaluation and assessment system
224
CSSS-2000 Substation Physical Digital Simulation System
Applications
By using digital dynamic real-time simulation technologies, the substation physical digital hybrid simulation system
has realized the seamless connection between digital electric network models, part of transformer substation
secondary models, real protectors and automation systems, constituting a physical digital hybrid substation
simulation training system. This system can not only meet the requirements of training substation operator, but
also be utilized to train engineer specializing in relay protection, automation and telecontrol system, etc. on
operation, debugging and maintenance, overhaul and test, etc.
Structure
The system mainly includes: general simulation support platform, digital dynamic real-time simulation program,
real-time process control program, outdoor primary device simulation software, indoor control and protection room
simulation software, instructor platform and training management software, transformer substation monitoring
system software and embedded high-speed signal communication system, etc.
225
Functions
u Training on daily operation and monitoring of substation
u Training on inspection of substation
u Training on handling device faults and defects
u Training on accidents handling
u Training on real integrated automation protection device
u Real-time closed-loop test.
u Training on real substation integrated automation system
u Instructor platform
Features
u By using embedded high-speed signal communication system, the system has realized the connection to
real device. The core of high-speed signal communication system is the communication card, based on
digital signal processor (DSP) and PCI bus technology, and real-time process control program. This is an
internationally leading technology, which makes the output voltage and current waveforms consistent with
those of real system, and makes the dynamic response time of simulation system consistent with that of real
system, realizing real-time in a genuine way
u It has a powerful general simulation support system with an integration of graph, model and library
u It has the domestically unique electromagnetic transient simulation software of the large power system with
numerous application cases
u It adopts the real-time process communication mechanism based on embedded computer technologies, which
ensures the synchronization and seamless connection between primary and secondary systems
u It builds the protection device model according to real protection algorithm
u It has the real substation integrated automation system and the operation order system
u It has the advanced visual simulation system of transformer substation primary device and the mature training
assessment system
u It boasts the most development performance of transformer substation digital-physical hybrid simulation system
in China
226
CSSP-2000 Wind Power Generation Simulation System
Applications
This system is applicable to comprehensive skill training such as start-up & shut-down, normal operation and
troubleshooting of wind generator. It can also be used to research the characteristics of each object and device in
wind power plant, optimize the operation mode, guide actual generator operations and research the wind turbine
control system.
Structure
The whole system is based on the local area network. The instructor station is responsible for the assessment &
training management, user management, and centralized control management of the whole simulation system.
The simulation server is responsible for the configuration, operation and platform function of the simulation data.
The wind power plant monitoring station, substation monitoring station, 3D device station and protection room are
divided flexibly as required.
Monitoring System Simulation
227
Protection Room Simulation
3D Device Station
Functions
u Start-up & shut-down operation and training of wind generator
v Normal Start-up & shut-down operation and abnormal shut-down operation of wind generator
u Monitoring system training of wind generator
v Monitoring information and monitoring operation training
228
u Device inspection function
v Substation device inspection training in the wind power plant

u Device management function
v Wind generator and substation device management

u Accident processing training
v Wind generator accident and grid accident processing training

u Training assessment function
Features
u Powerful simulation support platform
u The model is based on a graphical modeling approach
u Advanced 3D simulation technology
u Sophisticated instructor function
u Realistic comprehensive self-monitoring system
u Advanced diskette platform technology
u Practical training assessment system
u Steady operation indicators
v When operating in steady state, the calculation of the simulation system shall be steady and the load flow
convergence accuracy (power error) shall be less than 0.01 MW
v The instrument error of simulation system shall be no more than the errors of corresponding instruments,
transmitters and related instrument systems of reference objects
v The quality and energy conservation shall be ensured without violating the physical law and the actual
operation condition
u Transient operation indicators
Transient operation includes various kinds of big & small disturbances, abnormal operations and fault conditions.
This simulation system should meet the following requirements
v Dynamic changes of each parameter are in line with the results of transient process and do not violate the
physical law
v The model and algorithm shall have good convergence

v The actions of whole network protection and automatic device conform to reality
v The system phenomenon under disturbance and fault conditions conforms to reality
v Alarms, messages, etc. of simulation system conform to reality
u Real-time indicators
To ensure the network algorithm, model operation and real-time response to operation, the model and algorithm
selected should be as fast as possible. The program of all simulation software should be optimized as much as
229
possible to take up less resources and have enough real-time response speed. The corresponding indicators
for this simulation system are as follows
v The response sequences and speeds of instruments, light plates and monitoring systems shall be the same
as the actual system
v For operations of student station, the system response speed shall be the same as actual system
v Operation cycle of fast process model ≤ 0.02 second
v Operation cycle of slow process model ≤ 0.1 second
v Data refresh cycle of the whole system ≤ 1 second
v Remote signal deflection time ≤ 2 seconds
v Switch deflection alarm response time ≤ 2 seconds
v Screen call response time ≤ 2 seconds
v Multimedia call response time ≤ 2 seconds
230
CSSP-2000 Hydropower Plant Simulation Training System
Applications
Hydropower plant operator simulation training system can actually simulate the whole production process of
hydropower plant, including the step-up station, hydraulic turbine system, hydraulic turbine speed regulator,
generator system, excitation system, synchronization system, plant power system, technical water supply system,
compressed air system, cooling water system, oil system, relay protection system and computer monitoring
system, etc.
Structure
Functions
CSSP-2000 hydropower plant simulation training system can truly simulate the entire production process of
hydropower plants, including normal operation, exception handling, fault setting, etc. It can satisfy the hydropower
plant technician training, identification and competition, to improve the training quality and efficiency.
Features
u Integrated simulation and control
u Perfect simulation assessment and classroom management system
u One machine multi-mode group training
u Accident rehearsal and play back
u Control system logic inspection and hardware detection
u Flow network and power grid calculation tool
u Any status loading, reading and storage under full operation status
u Specific 3D scenario model
231
u Steady error
v Key parameter < 土0.5%

v Main parameter < 土1%
v General parameter < 土2%
u Dynamic error
v Key parameter < 土2%

v Main parameter < 土3%
v General parameter < 土5%
u System reliability indicator
v MTBF of the computer host (MTBF) is more than 4320 h

v MTBF of input/output interface (MTBF) is more than 2160 h
v Stable operation time of the simulation system is no less than 168 h
u Real time indicator
v The refresh time of the computer interface is no more than 2 s
232
Torsional Vibration Products
Overview
The shafting of modern large generators is the coaxial high-speed axisymmetric body composed of prime mover,
generators, exciter rotor connected by coupling. When generator is in normal operation, there is no large value
and there is no damage to the shafting as the torsional torque transmitted by the shafting acting on cross-section
of each axis. But when the generator electromagnetic torque is disturbed and the load is suddenly changed
such assudden short circuit, reclosing, false synchronization, excitation-loss asynchronous operation and sub-
synchronous resonance,shaftingtorsional vibration will be caused and makeshafting damage, shafting impact or
cumulative fatigue damage , which will threaten the operation safety of the system. All types of shafting torsional
vibration, which will affect unit safety and fatigue life, is as follows:
Damage degree of the related

Whether
parts of the unit(B) Probability Related
Torsional disturbance Total damage
of max. factors of
excitation Disturbance properties or failure Shafting calculation (A × B
stress max. stress
type often fatigue Stator end × C)
Coupling arising(C) arising
arises(A) life loss windings
(%)
Mild/
Sub- Protective measures Rare ＜1 Slight High Slight
medium
synchronous
mechanical
and electrical Often (such
Very
sub- No Protective measures as those that →100 Medium High Very serious
serious
synchronous cause SSR)
resonance
No resonance No 0 0 0 0 No
Change
amplitude
Super-
Close to the resonance Not often ＜0.05 Slight Slight Low value, Slight
synchronous
Complete resonance Often →100 Serious Serious Medium torsional Serious
resonance
vibration
conditions,
damping
233
Transformer high-side
Seldom ＜0.1 Slight Medium High Medium
short-circuit Short circuit
Generator export short moment
Seldom ＜1 Medium Serious High Medium
circuit
Load rejection, the Phase angle
anterior switch open or Often ＜0.05 Slight Slight Medium difference, the Slight
closed system state
Phase angle
Very
Mistaken network Seldom ＜20 serious Medium difference, Medium
serious
slip difference
Phase short circuit fault
Oscillation Medium ＜0.1 Medium Medium Low Slight
removal
torsional
reverse
impacting Three-phase short circuit Very
Seldom ＜10 Medium Low Fault Slight
torsional fault removal serious
location, fault
vibration
Single- occurrence,
phase Frequent ＜0.1 Slight Slight Low removal and Slight
grounding reclosing
time, the
Interphase system
Rapid short Medium ＜10 Serious Medium Very low and load Slight
Reclosing circuit conditions,
etc.
Three- Once in place, the
Very
phase Seldom →100 Medium Very low consequences are
serious
short circuit serious.
With the rapid development of Chinese power industry, single unit capacity is increasing and the shafting length is
longer but the shafting cross-section is relatively decreasing. In addition, with larger transmission networkcapacity,
long distance, more complicated system architecture, power load diversification and application of new
transmission technology, factors affecting safety of unit shafting are increasing day by day. Shafting torsional
vibration of generator may arise or shafting may break due to these reasons. All of these can even breakthe shaft.
From 2006 SIFANG began to study principle of the torsional vibration products and feasibility of the development,
including CSC-811 series (SEDC) and CSC-812 series (TSR). Currently, torsional vibration products of SIFANG
have been successfully operated in Inner Mongolia Yimin Power Plant, Inner Mongolia Shangdu Power Plant,
Guizhou Pannan Power Plant, Shaanxi Jinjie Power Plant, Shaanxi Fugu Power Plant, Guangdong Chaozhou
Power Plant and Inner Mongolia Hulunbeir Power Plant.
These torsional vibration products can continuously monitor unit shafting modals and damping online, display unit
twist angle, modal frequency, torsional stress and torsional powerfor real-time. Once the torque amplitude value
exceeds the setting limit, the device will alarm, output signal or trip in order to protect the shafting. Meanwhile the
devices can record the torsional vibration data and relative state parameters, analyze frequencycharacteristicand
fatigue of modal, calculate the damage to the shafting caused by torsional vibration and assess the unit security.
The comparison of SIFANG’s torsional vibration products and similar foreign products is made as follows:
234
Torsional vibration technology/ Similar foreign technology/
products of SIFANG products
Most are single-machine single-
Multi-machine multi-mode analysis mode analysis. Only a few theoretical
Analysis method
method studies adopt multi-modal analysis
methods.
The vast majorities are single-mode
modal control and single feedback
Independent modal control, multi-channel
Control ideas control channel. Only a few literature
feedback controlling
have studied the independent modal
control.
In a few operation modes, by
observing the phase and the
Genetic - simulated annealing global
closed-loop damping curve, phase
Parameter design method optimization method that can adapt to all
parameters can be determined. It
the operating modes
is difficult to ensure the controlling
effects for all the modes.
Monitoring recovery of the controlling
Monitoring recovery
output to ensure a reliable output of the No
device
signal
Modular design based on IEC61131
Standardization
standard, all-digital implementation Free to set
achievement
verification
A quick action criterion is composed
by general detection of generator
Quick action criterion terminal electric parameters and the No
shafting torsional vibration changing
characteristics.
Bycoordinating master station to
realize the optimizing export of multi- There is no selective cutting machine
Selective generator unit torsional vibration protection and for the operation of more than one
tripping minimizethe negativeinfluence of unit and the risk of the whole cutting
the torsional vibration protection for exists.
generator trippingto power grid
Modal damping measurement. Set
reference value. When the damping
Damping measurements No modal analysis of the unit
level exceeds the limit, alarm will be
given.
Modal tracking. Alarm will be given when

Mode tracking No modal analysis of the unit
the limit is exceeded.
235
Product list
Product type
Control products CSC-811P Supplementary excitation damping control
CSC-812P Torsional Stress Relay
Protection products CSC-812C Asynchronous Self-Excitation Protection
Device
CSC-815 Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In
Thermal Power Plant
CSC-815C Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In
Wind Power Plant
Monitoring and control products
CSC-851 Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In
Nuclear Power Plant
CSC-815H Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In
Hydropower Plant
CSC-813 Shaft Torsional VibrationTester
Test products CSC-817 Shaft Torsional Vibration Excitation
Instruments
Experiment to measure shafting torsional vibration
modal parameter.
Model shafting to provide continuous mass model and
Service project
lumped mass model for simulation and analysis.
Computer SN curve of shafting torsional vibration
dangerous section.
Solutions
TMU solution
TSR solution
TSR + SEDC solution
236
CSC-811P Supplementary Excitation Damping Control
Overview
It is adaptable for a large thermal power turbo-generator. It can monitor and analyze the shaft rotational speed
continuously. When shaft torsional oscillation occurs, it will improve the damping level to inhibit the shaft torsional
oscillation.
Features
u Multi-machine multi-modal analysis methods
u Independent modal control, multiple feedback control channel
u Genetic - simulated annealing global optimization method, which can adapt to all the operating mode
u Access to international and domestic mainstream excitation system manufacturers with better compatibility
u Monitor recovery of the control output to ensure reliable output of regulatory signals
Function parameters
Accuracy of shaft rotation speed 0.0025 rad/s
220 V or 110 V， tolerance -20%～+15%， ripple
Rated DC voltage
factor less than 5%（order required by user）
Phase voltage 0.1 Un～1.2 Un
Phase current 0.2In ～ 20 In
AI Input accuracy error ≤ 1‰
current, voltage accuracy error ≤ 3%
AO output accuracy error ≤ 1‰
AO output delay ≤ 1 ms
Protection logic execution cycle 2 ms
Relay output contact capacity AC250 V/10 A DC30 V/10 A
DI high input signal DC24 V
AO output default 4 mA～20 mA or 0～5 V
Power consumption normal condition，≤ 25 W；adjust the output，≤ 50 W
Accuracy of shaft rotational speed difference 0.0025 rad/s
237
Overload capability
AC current circuit 2 times rated current work continuously
10 times rated current allowed 10 s
AC voltage circuit 1.2 times rated voltage work continuously
Sequence of events (SOE) resolution

Event log resolution ≤ 1 ms
Environmental conditions
Operating temperature -10 °C ~ 55 °C
Storage temperature -25 °C ~ 70 °C
Relative humidity 10 ～ 90% (no condensing)
Atmospheric pressure 80 kpa ～110 kpa
Electromagnetic compatibility
Follows GB/T 14598.13（eqv IEC60255-22-1） regulation 1 MHz
Burst interference
and 100kHzburst interference test
Follows GB/T 14598.14（idt IEC60255-22-2） regulation levelⅢ
（contact discharge 6 kV）electrostatic discharge test
Follows GB/T 14598.9（idt IEC60255-22-3） regulation levelⅢ
Radiated electromagnetic interference
（10 V/m）radiated electromagnetic interference test
Follows GB/T 14598.10（idt IEC60255-22-4） regulation level
Fast transient disturbance Ⅳ（communication port 2 kV， other port 4 kV）fast transient
disturbance test
Electrical insulation performance

Insulation resistance 500 V DC, > 100 MΩ
Medium intensity 2.0 kV AC, 1 min
Impulse voltage 5 kV, 1.2/50 μs
Safety performance
Follows GB 16836 shell protection grade not less than IP20.
Safety performance
Safety grade is class I
238
CSC-812P Torsional Stress Relay
Overview
It is applicable for large thermal power turbo-generator. It cancontinuously monitor and analyze the shaft
rotational speed.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of rotational speed, it judges the situation of the
torsional vibration radiation，integrated with the electric value of the steam turbine side and the judgment
of the supplementary fatigue loss.If the judgment value reached the fixed value, or the shaft was excited by
characteristic frequency, vibration amplitude was getting diverged. TSR will trip, alarm and operate.
Functions
u Variable observation window based modal stability criterion
This criterion collects the characteristic of each modal by real-time measuring the shafting rotational speed of
the generator, distinguish whether torsional vibration is divergent or convergent. This is the core criterion of the
turbo- generator shafting torsional vibration protection
u Auxiliary judgments of fatigue loss
According to calculated shafting torsional vibration response and twist stress of the unit——life(S-N curve),
anti-fatigue time limit protection, as an auxiliary protection function will calculate the fatigue loss percentage
of the shafting dangerous section and real-time cumulate the fatigue of each shafting section for a single
disturbance. TSR outputs when the real-time accumulation of the fatigue for a single disturbance reaches the
fatigue setting value or the limited fatigue setting value.
u Multiple TSR selective generator tripping technology
The coordination and control between multiple TSR devices adopt the coordination master station to realize the
optimizing output of multi-unit torsional vibration protection and reduce the influence of the torsional vibration
protection generator tripping to the minimum. Multiple unit torsional vibration protections in the same power
plant form a coordination and control group, divided into two layers unit TSR and a coordinative main station
Tmaster. Unit TSR independently monitors the torsional vibration, adopting the coordinative main station
Tmasterto complete TSR protection of selective generator tripping. Tmaster, using dual-standby mode, is
centrally located in the step-up station relay protection room.
(Note: CSC-812PA has no such function)
Features
u Flexible hardware configuration
Each hardware module can be flexibly configured by the way of components, supporting hot-swappable
modules with overload and short circuit protection functions.
u Flexible Software
Based on function block control logic following IEC61131-3 standard, control and protection logic can be flexibly
loaded.
239
u Professional embedded hardware structure design
Control modules adopt embedded dual-core processor with integrated communication processor and highly
reliable embedded operating system. It has the advantages of low power consumption, long service life, highly
reliable hardware. It can be used in harsh working environment condition.
u Highly reliable HMI
HMI adopts self-developed large-scale network CyberControl monitoring software. It is based on graph-
database-model and integrated cross-platform technology which is adaptable for protection and process control
product.
u Debugging, testing, wave recording
CSC-812P series devices and RTDS real-time digital simulation system constitute closed-loop simulation
environment, which can real-time simulate all kinds of working conditions of large-scale turbo-generator
shafting and electromagnetic with real parameters and provide reliable dynamic model test environment for
CSC-812 P series devices.
u Perfect real-time wave recording function
u Measures to ensure excellent EMC performance
With single chip technology, anti-interference design, advanced surface mounting technology, all the
components apply overvoltage protection, isolation, filtering, surge suppression and other measures.
u Complete self-detection function.
u Fault-tolerant processing data acquisition and logic processing
u Measures to ensure highly reliable real-time communication network.
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V, tolerance -20%～+15%, ripple factor
Rated DC voltage
less than 5%（order required by user）
AC current 5 A or 1 A（order required by user）
Phase voltage 0.1 Un～1.2 Un
Phase current 0.2 In～20 In
AI input accuracy ≤ 1‰
Current, voltage accuracy ≤ 3%
Relay output contact capacity AC 250 V/10 A DC30 V/10 A
Power loss ≤ 10 W
Accuracy of shaft rotational speed 0.0025 rad/s
Relative humidity 10～95% (no condensing)
Atmospheric pressure 80kpa～110 kpa
240
Overload ability
AC current circuit 2 times rated current work continuously
AC voltage circuit 40 times rated current allowed 1 s
1.2 times rated voltage work continuously
DC voltage circuit 1.4 times rated voltage allowed 10 s
Sequence of events (SOE) resolution

Follows EN50081—2 1993 general interference industrial environments
Electromagnetic interference
standard
Electrostatic discharge Follows IEC61000—4—2 1995 electrostatic discharge immunity test
Anti-transient Follows IEC61000—4—4 1995 electrical fast transient immunity test
Surge resistance Follows IEC61000—4—5 1995 surge immunity test
Follows IEC61000—4—3 1995 radio frequency electromagnetic
Anti space electromagnetic radiation
radiation immunity test
Follows IEC61000—4—6 1996 RF conducted disturbances induced
Anti grid injection current
immunity test
Follows IEC61000-4-11 1994 voltage dips short interruptions and
Voltage drops and short interruptions
voltage immunity
Protection functions
u Quick action criterion
Generator-side electric quantity detection and shafting torsional vibration change form quick action criterion.
u Selective generator tripping
Main station optimizes export of multi-unit torsional vibration protection and minimizes the influence to the unit
and the grid by the torsional vibration protection generator tripping.
u Perfect analysis and wave recording function
With the holographic recording function, high-speed full wave-recording subsystem records the analog quantity
and switching quantity of the input and output and internal critical logic.
241
CSC-812C Asynchronous Self-Excitation Protection Device
Overview
The device is for large thermal power turbo-generator. It can continuously monitor and analyze the generator stator
current, According to the analysis of the characteristics of current modal, it judge the modal situation(divergent
or not). If the judgment value reached the fixed value, or when the modal current may be a threat to the unit, the
protection will trip, alarm and operate.
Functions
u Real-time monitoring the electrical parameters of generator side
u Use the patent technology to extract each of the asynchronous self-excitation modal parameters from electric
value of generator
u Determine the trend of the modal according to the characteristics of the current modal
u Use the modal current inverse time protection
u When the modal current reaches the setting data or the modal current suddenly becomes larger, it will trip,
alarm and operate
Features
Each hardware module can be flexibly configured by the way of components. Supporting hot-swappable
u Flexible software
Based on function block control logic following IEC61131-3 standard, control and protection logic can be
flexibly loaded.
Control module adopts embedded dual-core processor of integrated communication processor and highly
reliable embedded operating system, with the characteristics of low power consumption, long service life, high
reliability for hardware, suitable for harsh working environment condition, etc.
database-model and integrated cross-platform technology which is adaptable for protection and process
control product.
242
u With perfect real-time wave recording function
u Measures ensuring excellent EMC performance
With single chip technology, anti-interference design, advanced surface mounting technology, all the
components apply overvoltage protection, isolation, filtering, surge suppression and other measures.
u Complete self-detection function. As long as the device does not alarm, it is in good condition
u Guarantee highly reliable real-time measures the communication network and adopt content communication
network with the time certainty
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V， tolerance -20%～+15%， ripple factor less than
Rated DC voltage
5%（specified in order）
AC current 5 A or 1 A， range ：0.2 In ～20 In（specified in order）
Phase voltage 100 V，0.1 Un～1.2 Un
DI voltage DC24 V
Pulse width 200 ms
GPS second pulse input 24 V
Current mode measurement accuracy 1‰ of frequency signal
Port RJ45，support IEC60870-5-103 protocol and O-Net protocol
Two Ethernet ports
of SIFANG company
When the DC loop voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 1 A , capacity is 50 W,
Relay output contact capacity
current ≤ 5 A
Power loss of power circuit ≤ 25 W
When In = 5 A , less than 0.75VA/phase；when In =1 A , less than
AC current loop
0.5 VA/phase
AC voltage loop When rated voltage, less than 0.5 VA/phase
Frequency magnetic field immunity Follows IEC61000-4-8 frequency magnetic field immunity test
Follows IEC61000—4—2 1995 electrostatic discharge immunity
test
Follows IEC61000—4—4 1995 electrical fast transient immunity
Anti-transient
test
Follows IEC61000—4—3 1995 radio frequency electromagnetic
radiation immunity test
243
Follows IEC61000—4—6 1996 RF conducted disturbances
induced immunity test
Follows IEC61000-4-11 1994 voltage drops short interruptions and
voltage immunity
Overload ability
AC current loop 2 times rated current work continuously
AC voltage loop 40 times rated current allowed 1 s
DC voltage loop 1.4 times rated voltage allowed 10 s
The sequence of events record (SOE) resolution

Atmospheric pressure 80 kpa～110 kpa

Insulation resistance 500 V DC, >100 MΩ
Insulation pressure 2.0 kV AC, 1 min
Protection function
u The modal variable stability criterion is based on the variable observation window
The criterion is the core criterion of the generator asynchronous self-excitation protection, which extracts each
modal characteristics quantity by real-time measuring the generator stator current and determines whether
the sub-synchronous current mode is divergent or convergent according to the trends of modal characteristics
amount in a period of time.
u Overcurrent inverse time protection criterion
Inverse time protection, as auxiliary protection function, can calculate the sub-synchronous current modal
inverse time through the calculation of the size response of the current modes. The device trips when the real-
time accumulative total of the current mode comes to inverse time setting value.
u Overcurrent definite time protection criterion
When the modal current value is greater than the setting value, the device exports after corresponding value
time
244
CSC-815 Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Thermal Power Plant
Overview
The device is applied for a large thermal power turbo-generator to real-time monitor the shaft torsional oscillation
under multiple perturbation, real-time record, monitor the shaft modal and damping, record and analyze the fatigue
damage caused by torsional oscillation.
Functions
u Measure the shafting torsional vibration modal precisely
u Monitor the fatigue of the shafting dangerous sections by the transient stimulus-response of electric parameters
in generator-side and the shafting speed signal
u Calculate and analyze the unit torsional vibration frequency, damping, shafting fatigue under different operating
modes of the unit and power grid operation modes
u Alarm for the torsional vibration low limit when shaft rotational speed reaches the setting value
u Alarm for the torsional vibration high limit when the loss of shafting life fatigue reaches the setting value
u Monitor SSO occurring in power plant and the grid, calculate the torsional vibration modal frequency and
damping
Features
Each hardware module can be flexibly configured by the way of components. Supporting hot-swappable
u Flexible software
Based on function block control logic following IEC61131-3 standard, control and protection logic can be flexibly
loaded.
Control module adopts embedded dual-core processor of integrated communication processor and high
reliable embedded operating system, with the characteristics of low power consumption, long service life, highly
reliablehardware,suitable for harsh working environment condition, etc.
database-model and integrated cross-platform technology which is adaptable for protection and process control
product.
245
u Debugging, testing, wave recording function
CSC-815 series devices and RTDS real-time digital simulation system constitute closed-loop simulation
environment, which can real-time simulate all kinds of working conditions of large-scale turbo-generator
shafting and electromagnetic with real parameters and provide reliable dynamic model test environment for
CSC-815 series devices.
u Perfect real-time wave recording function
u Measures ensuring excellent EMC performance
With single chip technology, anti-interference design, advanced surface mount technology, all the components
apply over-voltage protection, isolation, filtering, surge suppression and other measures.
u Complete self-detection function. As long as the device does not alarm, it is in good condition
u Guarantee high reliable real-time measures the communication network and adopt content communication
network with the time certainty
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V， tolerance -20%～+15%， ripple factor less
Rated DC voltage
than 5%（order required by user）
AC current 5 A or 1 A， range ：0.2 In ～20 In（order required by user）
Phase voltage 100 V，0.1 Un ～1.2 Un

DI voltage DC 24 V
Pulse width 200 ms
Current mode measurement accuracy Frequency signal 1‰
Port RJ45，support IEC60870-5-103protocol and O-Net
Two Ethernet ports
protocol of SIFANG company
when the DC loop voltage ≤ 250 V、current ≤ 1 A，capacity
is 50 W、current ≤ 5 A
Power loss ≤ 10 W

246
Electromagnetic interference Follows EN50081—2 1993 general
Follows IEC61000—4—2 1995 electrostatic discharge
immunity test
Follows IEC61000—4—4 1995 electrical fast transient
Anti-transient
immunity test
Follows IEC61000—4—3 1995 radio frequency
electromagnetic radiation immunity test
Follows IEC61000—4—6 1996 RF conducted disturbances
induced immunity test
Follows IEC61000-4-11 1994 voltage drops short interruptions
and voltage immunity
Atmospheric pressure 80 kpa ～110 kpa
Overload ability
When 80%～115% rated voltage，work continuously
Function characteristics
u Continuously monitor the shaft rotational speed
u Continuously monitor the electrical quantity
u Accurately measuring large turbo-generator shafting torsional vibration modals
u Monitor the fatigue of the shafting dangerous sections of the turbo-generator by the transient stimulus-response
of the electric parameters of generator-side and the shafting speed signal
u Monitor the generator damping in different unit operating modes and power grid operation modes
247
CSC-815C Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Wind Power Plant
Applications
The device is applicable for wind power plant to monitor shafting torsional vibration caused by wind power
generator shafting. In the meanwhile the device can provide data for the analysis of the reasons of shafting
torsional vibration and the solutions in order to guarantee for the safety of the generators.
Functions
u Calculate and analyze the unit torsional vibration frequency, damping, shafting fatigue in different unit operating
modes and power grid operation modes
damping
Features
u Highly reliable general modular hardware platform
u Embedded real-time operating system
u Function block software design following IEC61131-3 standard
u Graphical configuration software monitoring platform based on Cybercontrol
u The core application technology of torsional vibration measurement, analysis and calculation and protection
control with more than ten patents
248
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V, tolerance -20%～+15%, ripple factor
Rated DC voltage
less than 5%（order required by user）
AC current 5 A or 1 A, range ：0～1.2 In（order required by user）
Phase voltage 100 V (100/√3 ), 0.1 Un ～1.2 Un
DC current 4～40 mA, accuracy：≤ 0.1 %
DI voltage DC 24 V
Current mode measurement accuracy Frequency signal 的1‰
Port RJ45, support IEC60870-5-103protocol and O-Net
Two Ethernet ports
protocol of SIFANG
When the DC loop voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 1 A,
capacity is 50W, current ≤ 5 A
Power consumption ≤ 50 W

Mechanical properties
Vibration Bear GB/T 11287 (idt IEC 60255-21-1)
Bear GB/T 14537 (idt IEC 60255-21-2) regulation level
Impact and collision I impact response and impact tolerance test, and level
I collision test
Burst immunity Follows IEC 61000-4-12
Electrostatic discharge immunity Follows IEC 61000-4-2
Radiated electromagnetic field immunity Follows IEC 61000-4-3
Frequency magnetic field immunity Follows IEC 61000-4-8
Electrical fast transient immunity Follows IEC 61000-4-4
Surge （impact）immunity Follows IEC 61000-4-5
Auxiliary power supply drop and interrupt Follows IEC 61000-4-11
RF field immunity of induced spread harassment Follows IEC 61000-4-6
249
Atmospheric pressure 80 kpa ～ 110 kpa
Overload ability
AC voltage loop 1.2 times rated voltage work continuously
1.4 times rated voltage allowed 10 s
DC voltage loop When 80% ～ 115% rated voltage, work continuously
Safety performance
Safety performance Follows GB 14598.27—2008
250
CSC-851 Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Nuclear Power
Plant
Overview
The device is applicable for nuclear power plant to monitor shafting torsional vibration caused by generator
shafting. In the meanwhile the device can provide data for the analysis of the reasons of shafting torsional
vibration and the solutions in order to guarantee the safety of the generators.
Functions
damping
Features
u Function block software design following standard IEC61131-3
251
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V, tolerance -20% ～ +15%， ripple
Rated DC voltage
factor less than 5%（order required by user）
AC power 220V, tolerance -20% ～ +15%, Frequency 50 Hz
AC current（Generator Side） 5 A or 1 A, range ：0 ～ 20 In（order required by user）
AC voltage（Generator Side） 100V(100/ 3 ), 0～1.2Un
DI voltage DC 24 V
AC voltage, current Level 1.0
Port RJ45，support IEC60870-5-103protocol and O-Net
Two Ethernet ports
protocol of SIFANG company
When the DC loop voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 1 A, capacity

is 50 W, current ≤ 5 A
Power loss ≤ 25 W
When In = 5 A， less than 0.75VA/phase；when In = 1 A,

AC current loop
less than 0.5 VA/phase

Insulation resistance 500 V DC > 100 MΩ
Vibration Bears GB/T 11287 (idt IEC 60255-21-1)
Bears GB/T 14537 (idt IEC 60255-21-2) regulation level I
Impact and collision impact response and impact tolerance test，and level I
collision test
Safety performance
252
Relative humidity 10 ～ 90%(no condensing)
Atmospheric pressure 80 kPa ～ 110 kPa
Overload ability
When 80%～115%rated voltage，work continuously
253
CSC-815H Torsional Vibration Monitor Unit Applied In Hydropower Plant
Overview
The device is applicable for hydropower generators to monitor shafting torsional vibration caused by generator
shafting. In the meanwhile the device can provide data for analysis of the reasons of shafting torsional vibration
and the solutions in order to guarantee the safety of the generators.
Functions
damping
Features
u Function block software design following IEC61131-3 standard
254
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V, tolerance -20%～+15%, ripple factor less
Rated DC voltage
AC power supply 220V, tolerance -20%～+15%, frequency50 Hz
AC current（Generator Side） 5 A or 1 A, range ：0～20 In（order required by user）
AC voltage（Generator Side） 100 V (100/ 3 )，0～1.2 Un
DI voltage DC24 V
AC voltage, current Level 1.0
When DC loop voltage ≤ 250 V, current ≤ 1 A, capacity is
50 W, current ≤ 5 A
Power loss ≤ 25 W
When In = 5 A, less than 0.75 VA/phase；when In = 1 A，
AC current loop
less than 0.5 VA/phase

Insulation resistance 500 V DC >100 MΩ
Vibration Bear GB/T 11287 (idt IEC 60255-21-1)
Bear GB/T 14537 (idt IEC 60255-21-2) regulation level
Impact and collision impact response and impact tolerance test, and level I
collision test
Safety performance
255
Overload ability
256
CSC-813 Shaft Torsional Vibration Tester
Applications
CSC-813 shaft torsional vibration tester can generate speed pulse signal by
simulating the sub-synchro nous oscillation to test CSC-811 and CSC-812 and
complete protectiontests.
Functions
Hardware functions
u After inputting the modal parameters, the automated test software will
calculate the simulation waveform and then send speed pulse
u PC reads RTDS simulation documents, wave recording files, extracts data
and sends it to the torsional vibration protection tester which produces
speed pulse
u Measure the time of the protection movement
u Output rotational speed signals without modulation through the analog output channel synchronously
u When the device is energized, it will automatically output speed pulse to provide the basic signals such as
TMU、TSR、SEDC
Software functions
u Simulate torsional vibration waveform
v Optional simulation modes: single output and continuous output

v User can input parameters and calculate the simulation waveform. Each modal needs frequency, amplitude,
trend (attenuation/divergent/keep), time constants (attenuation / divergent time) and so on. At least one
mode is simulated, the user can add, edit, and delete mode
u Playback torsional vibration waveform
v Read record wave file generated by RTDS and playback via CSC-813
v Read wave record files recorded by HMI and playback via CSC-813
u Control CSC-813
v Continuous output mode, output data circularly (Only support data calculated by simulation)
v Single output mode. output torsional vibration waveform one time and then return to be normal state (3000 r/min)
u Display waveform
v The amplitude of each mode - time graph (you can zoom in the timeline, drag)
v Waveform display attributes can be set up
u Background color, color curve
u Curve title, title color
u X, Y color, title and title color
u Show the time of the protection movement
257
u Show the messages which is sent or received
u Provide speed pulse to the generator in a normal operating condition
v The device keeps outputting speed pulse(3000 r/min) for SDEC TSR during the normal operation of the
generator when there is no torsional vibration signal
v This function is realized by CSC-813 device automatically. The device will output speed pulse when
energized automatically
Features
u Output multiple composite modal signals simultaneously
u Playback record data by RTDS, at most 4 routes simultaneously
u Playback wave record data by TSR, at most 4 routes simultaneously
u Output original value and pulse volume of speed difference signals synchronously
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V， tolerance -20%～+15%, ripple factor less
Rated DC voltage
DI voltage DC24 V / 48 V（order required by user）
Pulse output voltage 24 V
Pulse isolation method overall isolation，no isolation between channels
Pulse rise/fall along the shaking < 0.05 μs
Pulse channels number 4
Power loss ≤ 10 W

Insulation resistance 500 V DC > 100 MΩ
Bears GB/T 14537 (idt IEC 60255-21-2) regulation level
Impact and collision I impact response and impact tolerance test, and level I
collision test
258
Follows GB/T 14598.13（eqv IEC60255-22-1）burst
Burst immunity
interference test
Electrostatic discharge immunity
Ⅲelectrostatic discharge test
Radiated electromagnetic field immunity
Ⅲradiated electromagnetic interference test
Electrical fast transient immunity
Ⅳfast transient disturbance test
Overload ability
AC voltage loop 1.2 times rated voltage work continuously
1.4 times rated voltage allowed 10 s
DC voltage loop When 80%～115% rated voltage，work continuously
Safety performance
Follows GB 16836 regulation shell protection grade is no less
Safety performance
than IP20, and the safety level is level I
259
CSC-817 Shaft Torsional Vibration Excitation Instruments
Applications
The device is applicable to test frequency and damping of shafting torsional
vibration modal, simulate the excitation signals of the shafting modal frequency
and test unit sub-synchronous resonance related parameters by controlling the
amplitude, time and frequency of the excitation signals.
Functions
u Common configuration can generate excitation signals for each modal ,
which can be configured single-mode output and multi-modal output
u Step configuration produce step signals with different amplitude values and
durations in order to test the characteristics of excitation system
u Realize the exponential decay excitation signals to test the excitation
system
u Fast switching control
Features
u Compact device structure, meeting the demand of the field test
u Open wave recording interface and conveniently record the wave
u Output standard current signals and voltage signals through different channels to adapt to the input
requirements of different excitation regulators
u Switch rapidly, and smaller interference to the excitation system
Function parameters
220 V or 110 V， tolerance -20%～+15%， ripple factor less
Rated DC voltage
AC power supply 220 V or 110 V， tolerance -20%～+15%
Frequency output resolution 0.01 Hz
Analog amplitude accuracy Level 0.1
Switch time < 1 ms
AO refresh frequency 2k
Communication port standard Debugging serial interface，support DP-NET protocol
Power loss ≤ 30 W
Safety performance
260
Bears GB/T 14537 (idt IEC 60255-21-2) regulation level
Impact and collision I impact response and impact tolerance test, and level I
collision test
Atmospheric pressure 80 kPa～110 kPa
Overload ability
261
Service items
When sub-synchronous torsional vibration occurs, the shafting mass block is whirling relatively and synchronously
at the same time. The three elements of torsional vibration are frequency, damping, formation, which is determined
by structure of shafting.
The shafting modal frequency and formation can be obtained by modeling continuous mass model and lumped
mass model. Lumped mass model is made up of several lumped mass. There is no quality ideal spring connection
between each of the mass forming multi-quality—spring system. The modeling principle of this mode is that the
shaft is divided into moment of inertia dominant part and flexible dominant part. The former means lumped mass,
and the later means ideal spring. The number of divided mass is decided by the required calculating precision.
This model is widely used in the torsional vibration study because of its simple in form and easy understanding.
But this model is relatively simple and the model order number is low. It is not so accurate to the high frequency
modal analysis.
Continuous mass model is a multi-mass quality－flexible system. The number of mass is in a range from tens to
more than several hundred. Continuous mass model can accurately reflect the low-order and high-order torsional
vibration characteristics, and can be easily built by ANSYS, with clear physical concept, ensured accuracy. The
model by ANSYS can calculate the torque changes of the designated shaft section. It is one of the more mature
and reliable methods for the analysis of the shafting model.
Torsional vibration damping is the key parameters to determine torsional vibration stability. If some modal torsional
vibration is negative damping, the generator shafting can cause persistent, even enhanced torsional vibration,
and result in fatigue damage to the shafting. The torsional vibration modal damping is determined by parameters
of materials, structures and unit operating status. Generally speaking, estimation is done in the period of the unit
design according to the shafting material, size and other mechanical parameters. But greater error exists because
not all the structural details and steam and other factors can be considered. So the estimation of sub-synchronous
torsional vibration hazard generally needs to be actually measured after the unit starts commissioning.
The relation curve between the applied stress and standard sample fatigue life is called S-N curve. SN curve is
very important for estimate of the unit fatigue life. To obtain reliable S-N curve, large number of experiments must
be done to the standard test specimens. Subjecting by the physical conditions, it is not feasible to obtain S-N
curve by test method. At present, there are two commonly used methods to estimate the S-N curve: Local stress
method and nominal stress method.
With the promotion and application of torsional vibration products, following torsional vibration service items are
specially offered.
u Experiment to measure shafting torsional vibration modal parameter
u Model Unit shafting to provide continuous mass model and lumped mass model for simulation and analysis
u Computer SN curve of shafting torsional vibration dangerous section
262
Shafting Torsional Vibration Solution I
TMU Scheme
Applications
This solution is applicable only for monitoringrequired generator unit. After the simulation calculation and
verification, such power plants commonly belong to the ones that have no serious problems about torsional
vibration, but the danger of torsional vibration will increase if there is a future expansion of the unit, the later
power plant construction or the change of the power grid. Such power plant generator units can use this scheme
at present. Device CSC-815 can real-time monitor the shafting torsional vibration amplitude and variety of
parameters of the unit, then provide data basis for the argument of further torsional vibration inhibition and
protection measures.
Thermal Power Plant Shafting Torsional Vibration Solution II

TSR Scheme
263
Applications
This solution is applicable for power plant with more serious torsional vibration problems after the simulation
calculation and verification and the power plant temporarily has no need for suppression devices. CSC-812P
protection device is regarded as the last defense to protect the unit from torsional vibration hazard. CSC-812P
can continuously monitor and analyze the shafting torsional speed of the turbo-generator to protect the safety of
shafting via the trip linkage in the case torsional vibration occurs.
Thermal Power Plant Shafting Torsional Vibration Problem Solution III

TSR+SEDC Scheme
Applications
This solution is applicable for the power plant with more serious torsional vibration problems after the simulation
calculation and verification and the power plant need adopt the method of combining suppression and protection
to protect the unit from torsional vibration hazard.
CSC-811P applies optimal comprehensive excitation control method to suppress all oscillation modes in the large
range of sub-synchronous resonance by increasing the modal damping. CSC-812P acts as a back-up protection,
the last of defense to protect the safety of the unit shafting.
264
Address: No.9, Shangdi 4th Street, Haidian District,
Beijing, P.R. C. 100085
Tel: +86 10 62962554, +86 10 62961515 ext. 8998
Fax: +86 10 82783625
Email: sf_sales@sf-auto.com
Website: http://www.sf-auto.com

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Product Catalogue

Issued Time: 2011

Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd. (Hereinafter

Substation Automation System 85

Wide Area Measurement System 115

CSGC-3000/EMS System 125

CSGC-3000/DMS System 127

Protection and Fault Information Management System 133

Power Plant Automation 147

CSPA-2000 Desulphurization Control System 157

Hydropower Automation System 179

Generator Excitation System 203

Simulation System 215

Torsional Vibration Products 233

v Clear operation process

v BI state will be confirmed after acquisition of 2 optical coupler

v Current sudden-change startup element

v Current sudden-change phase selector

v Memory voltage directional element

v Proven and reliable principle of power swing logic

v Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT) scheme

v Distance protection with quadrilateral characteristic (21,21N)

v Tele-protection contacts for power line carrier protection interface

v Current sudden-change phase selector

v Memory voltage directional element

v Phase-segregated measurement with high sensitivity

v Proven and reliable principle of power swing logic

v Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT) scheme

v Line differential protection (87L)

v Tele-protection contacts for power line carrier protection interface

v Current sudden-change startup element

v Current sudden-change phase selector

v Memory voltage directional element

v Proven and reliable principle of power swing logic

v Distance protection with quadrilateral characteristic (21,21N)

v Tele-protection contacts for power line carrier protection interface

v Low impedance centralization differential protection

v Busbar differential protection (87BB)

v Overcurrent protection (50, 51, 67)

CSC-281 Series Protection IEDs

v Overcurrent protection (50, 51, 67)

Application of CSC-281 M1 for bus coupler protection

Application of CSC-281 M2 for△/Y Restricted Earth Fault protection

v Treble slope percent differential protection

v Generator differential protection (87G)

v Compound overcurrent protection (46/51V)

Figure 1 4U, 19” case with rear cover

Figure 2 Cut-out on the panel

Figure 3 8U, 1/1 x 19” main case with rear cover

Figure 4 8U, 1/1 x 19” auxiliary case with rear cover

Figure 6 4U, 1/1 x 19” auxiliary case with rear cover

Type 3 (Applied to CSC-211 Multifunction Protection IED)

Figure 8 Case of CSC-211 protection IED

Type 4 (Applied to CSC-281 Series Protection IEDs)

Figure 10 Case of CSC281 protection IED

1 Liquid crystal display (LCD)

u Intelligent plausibility checks rule out incorrect input

Internal current transformer

Internal voltage transformer

T ≤ 10 ms/I ≤ 25 A per power supply module,

DC voltage interruption test

Electromagnetic emission test

Station communication ports

RS485 communication port