CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Background

I. INTRODUCTION

Each one of us belongs to the same age group or social group. We belong to a

group wherein we spend most of our time, believing that they’re worth spending time.

Some of them lead us to good; some tempt us to be bad. Some influence us to be better

person but some also teaches us to be bad. Some influence us to be better persons but

some also teaches us to be a person we don’t want to be. We treat our peers as our

precious family. We wanted to be with them all the time. But in reality, are our peers

really good for us?

In adolescence, teenagers begin to break away from their families and try to

explore the outside world. They try out different roles and situations to figure out who

they are and where they fit in the world. Our research aimed to know all about Peer

Pressure and its advantages and disadvantages to Senior High school students.

The importance of this study is to open the mind of every youth for the positive

and negative effects of Peer Pressure especially today that the generations are getting

worst and also, to enlighten everyone to be aware of choosing their friends. The reason

why we chose this topic is to give knowledge and to inform everyone of what peer

pressure really is. Peer pressure is when someone tries to influence our act to do

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something. It's something everyone has to deal with -- even adults. Peers can have a

positive influence on each other and sometimes it influences you in negative ways. Why

do people give in to peer pressure? What are the cause and effect of this?

II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the advantages and Disadvantages of Peer Pressure

to the Senior High School students of New Christian Academy.

1. What are the advantages of peer pressure in terms of:

1.1 Personality

1.2 Daily Living

1.3 Studies

1.4 Family

2. What are the disadvantages of peer pressure in terms of:

1.1 Personality

1.2 Daily Living

1.3 Studies

1.4 Family

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III. HYPOTHESIS

The significant relationship among Senior High school students of New Christian

Academy in having peer pressure.

IV. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study is to deliver the advantages and disadvantages of

peer pressure among senior high students of New Christian Academy, the whole meaning

and effects of it to the youth nowadays.

Research Participants - The importance of this study to the research participants is to

apply the positive aspect of peer pressure to one's self and to others.

Community - The importance of this study to the community is to give awareness to the

youth of every community about the peer pressure case.

Teacher Education- The importance of this study to the teachers is to be knowledgeable

about peer pressure in terms of teaching and to be an effective role model to the students.

Administration- The importance of this study to the administration is to give nearly and

clearly understanding to the students. They can use this as a basis in designing different

programs for the entire student that aims to bring out the best in each student

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Future Researchers- The significance of this study to the future researchers is to use this

as one of their source for their research that is related to our topic.

IV. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study aims to determine the advantages and disadvantages of Peer Pressure

to the Senior High School Students of New Christian Academy. The student will consist

of 10 representatives from each section. Ten (10) from Abraham and Job. And also ten

(10) from 12 Moses and 12 David.

V. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Peers. One belonging to the same social group especially based on age, grade, or status.

Pressure. It is the burden of physical or mental distress. It is the feeling that you are

being pushed toward making a certain choice either good or bad.

Peer Pressure. The way that people of the same social group can influence on another

individual to take a certain action, adopt certain values, or otherwise conform in order to

be accepted.

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Social Group. A social group is a collection of people who interact with each

other and share similar characteristics and a sense of unity.

Social Influence. It is the change in behavior that one person causes in another,

intentionally or unintentionally, as a result of the way the changed person perceives

themselves in relationship to the influencer, other people and society in general.

Teenagers– It is a person who falls within the ages of thirteen-nineteen years old.

Adolescence – It is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that

generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood

Empirical – originating in or based on observation or experience

Suppress - prevent the development, action, or expression

Perpetrators - a person who carries out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.

Gravitate – move toward or be attracted to a place, person, or thing.

Imitate – copy or simulate.

Salient – most noticeable or important.

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 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and studies about peer pressure. This

will also present conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be done.

I. RELATED LITERATURE

It stated that this volume is designed to advance the understanding of the

connections between two of the social worlds of childhood: the family and the peer

domain. As Baumrind (1967; 1973) first showed in the late 1960s, there are predictable

linkages between parent-child interaction and how children relate to peers. The

contributors to this volume confirm and extend evidence for family and peer linkages in a

number of important ways. For example, the chapters illustrate that parent childrearing

practices, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and the functioning of the marital

dyad are all associated with the quality of children's peer relationships. At this point,

there can be no doubt that connections between the family and peers exist. Despite

evidence of these linkages, much less progress has been made on the question of why

there is predictability in children's functioning across the two social contexts of family

and peers. After finding family-peer links, researchers often suggest but only rarely test

specific mechanisms that may account for these effects. Identifying the mechanisms

accounting for the linkages is necessary for both developments of theories of social

development as well as interventions designed to improve children's interpersonal

relationships.

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 Peer Influence is more complex than our stereotype of the negative influences

from friends. First, peer influence can be both positive and negative. While we tend to

think that peer influence leads to teens to engage in unhealthy and unsafe behaviors, it

can actually motivate youth to study harder in school, volunteer for community and social

services, and participate in sports and other productive endeavors. In fact, most teens

report that their peer pressures do not engage in drug use and sexual activities. Second,

peer influence is not a simple process where youth are passive recipients of influence

from others. In fact, peers who become friends tend to already have a lot of things in

common. Peers with similar interest, similar academic standing, and enjoy doing the

same things tend to gravitate toward each other. So while it seems that teens and their

friends become very similar to each other through peer influence, much of that similarity

was present to begin with. (Friendship, Peer Influence, and Peer Pressure during Teen

Years by Maria De Guzman) (2009).

II. RELATED STUDIES

There are two types of peer pressures, the positive and negative peer pressure.

Positive peer pressure is the type of peer pressure wherein your friends or peers push you

to do excellent things and behave accordingly and proper. On the other hand, negative

peer pressure is the opposite type; this is how your peers influence you to do things the

other way around. Negative peer pressure could possibly happen directly and indirectly.

Direct negative peer pressure is when your friends ask you to do something that could

hardly resist. This negative peer pressure results in blackmailing and threatening, while

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indirect negative pressure is the other way of influencing in which you try to imitate what

you see and hear from your peers. Though, indirect peer pressure is not as powerful as

direct, still it could greatly influence your decisions and behaviors. (Advantages and

Disadvantages of Peer Pressure by Erlen Adarna)

It conducted a study with the aim to determine if peers and parents have a

different impact on the personality development of the adolescent. An empirical

investigation was carried out involving 98 learners from Grades 8 to 11 (53 boys and 55

girls). The respondents completed instruments measuring parent- child relationship,

relationship with peers, self-concept, and personality characteristics. The results indicated

that the peer group, when compared with parents, had a stronger relationship with the

personality development of the adolescent. Parents also play an important role in

determining the peer pressure. Bester (2004)

The social environment has a deep impact on the effect of peer pressure. Societies

in all parts of the world have used substances to suppress pain and sorrow and also to get

pleasurable sensations. I examined the consequences of high peer pressure on academic

performance in mathematics among 14-year-old middle-school students in Germany,

Canada, and Israel. 1,700 students were surveyed in the three cultures. Findings of the

study make it obvious that—concerning achievement in mathematics—the primary

victims of peer pressure in middle school are girls, boys more likely than girls being the

perpetrators. Boehnke, (2008).

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 In the study Peer Pressure Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making by

Vicente Aldanese (2010). Peer influence is not necessarily a bad thing. We are all

influenced by our peers, both negatively and positively, at any age. For teens, as school

and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your

friends than you do with your parents and siblings. As you become more independent,

your peers naturally play a greater role in your life. Sometimes, though, particularly in

emotional situations, peer influence can be hard to resist—it really has become

“pressure”— and you may feel compelled to do something you’re uncomfortable with,

such as drug use.

In the study Barkadahan: A study of peer group norms and values among Filipino

adolescents. Participation in peer groups plays a critical role in adolescent development

and experience. The significance of peer groups in human development is likely salient

throughout one's lifespan, but there is reason to expect peer group interactions to most

significantly influence adolescents and their growth trajectories. Adolescence, as a

period, has always been a 196 point of significant biological, cognitive, and social

development, beginning with the onset of puberty. It is this transition from childhood to

adulthood when adolescents face identity confusion (Erikson, 1968). It is also during this

stage when they slowly try to relinquish their dependence on parents and, instead, shift

their attention to peers as their primary source of appraisal and recognition (Steinberg,

1988). Spending most of their time with their peer group allows them to experience a new

sense of belonging, connection, and concern in such company. Since this is also a time

when adolescents experiment with a variety of choices, roles, identities, and behaviors,

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peer groups represent a normative, comparative reference by which adolescents construct

and reorganize identity. Lajom (2009).

III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1. What are the advantages of peer pressure in

terms of: The researchers prepared a
1.1 Personality letter of request and conducted
1.2 Daily Living a survey in New Christian
1.3 Studies Academy and asked senior
1.4 Family high school students about the
advantages and disadvantages
2. What are the disadvantages of peer pressure of peer pressure.
in terms of:
1.1 Personality
1.2 Daily Living
1.3 Studies
1.4 Family

The researchers used random and

non-probability sampling for an
easy procedure. Then, the
researchers expected outcomes
are the advantages and
disadvantages of the study.

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IV. RESEARCH PARADIGM

The researchers conducted questions about the advantages and disadvantages of

peer pressure and created a helpful process for the respondents for them to know the

significance of the study. After that, the researchers prepared a letter of request to seek

permission to the school to conduct a survey. Then the researchers used random and non-

probability sampling for an easy procedure and the researchers expected outcome are the

advantages and disadvantages of the study.

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 CHAPTER III

Methodology

In this chapter, the researchers discussed the research design, area of study,

population, sample of the population, sampling technique, instrument for data collection,

validation of the questionnaire, administration of the instrument and method of data

analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used descriptive method of research with questionnaire as

research instrument. The descriptive method provides information related to Peer

Pressure and help provide answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how

associated with the problem; and it cannot conclusively as certain answers to why.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents of the study are the SHS students of New Christian Academy

during the school year 2018- 2019.

POPULATION OF THE STUDY

There are two (2) sections in the Grade 11 and Grade 12. In Grade 11 their total

population is 62 while in Grade 12 their total population is 70 with 32 male students and

38 female students respectively. The researchers used the SHS students as the

respondents of the study.

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SAMPLING

The researchers used the non-probability or non-random sampling design. In non-

random sampling, all the participants to be investigated are not derived through equal

chances. It does not rely on the use of randomization techniques to select members.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers used a checklist type under the close ended questionnaire.

Questions Never Usually Always

1. My peers encourage me to be thoughtful of

others

2. My peers ask me to do things my family

disapproves of.

3. My peers follow school rules and expect me

to follow them.

4. My peers treat teachers with respect.

5. My peers stand up to negative peer pressure

6. My peers encourage me to cheat at school.

7. My peers have encouraged me to call

people names and be cruel to others

8. My peers follow their families' rules and

expect me to follow my family's rules.

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9. My peers ask me to join them in drug-free

activities.

10. My peers pressure me to smoke cigarettes.

11. My peers pressure me to drink alcohol

12. My peers use drugs and expect me to.

DATA-GATHERING PROCEDURE

A letter of request to conduct the study at New Christian Academy was prepared

to seek permission from the principal and head teacher. As soon as these were validated,

the researchers started the survey.

The survey process will conducted. The first day is allotted for the answering of

questionnaire.

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 CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter aims to present the analysis and interpretation of data gathered based

from the research question

DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

This table contains demographic variable which consists of gender, number and

percentage of the respondents.

Demographic Variable N Percentage

Gender

Male 13 32.5

Female 27 67.5

Total 40 100

Table 1. Demographic Analysis

This table presents the demographic analysis of the study. This consists of

demographic variable, number of respondents, and the percentage.

Factor Analysis

Factor Items Total Number of Items

Advantages and

Disadvantages of Peer 1, 5 2

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pressure in terms of

personality

Advantages and

Disadvantages of Peer 7,9,10,11, 12 5

pressure in terms of daily

living

Advantages and

Disadvantages of Peer 3,4,6 3

pressure in terms of studies

Advantages and

Disadvantages of Peer 2,8 2

pressure in terms of family

Table 2. Factor Analysis

This table presents the factor analysis of the study. It consists of factor, items, and

the total number of items.

Questions Never Usually Always Total

1. My peers encourage me
4 23 13 40
to be thoughtful of others.

5. My peers stand up to
26 9 5 40
negative peer pressure.

Table 3.Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer pressure in terms of personality

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 This table presents the questions that are connected in personality. Question

number 1 has the highest number of answering (usually) that results to negative factor

while the question number 5 has the highest number of answering (never) that results to

positive factor.

Questions Never Usually Always Total

7. My peers have

encouraged me to call 25 14 1 40

people names and be cruel

to others.

9. My peers ask me to join

them in drug-free 23 6 11 40

activities.

10. My peers pressure me

25 7 8 40
to smoke cigarettes.

11. My peers pressure me

30 9 1 40
to drink alcohol.

12. My peers use drugs

36 4 0 40
and expect me to do.

Table 4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer pressure in terms of daily living

This table presents the questions that are connected in daily living. Question

number 7 has the highest number of answering (never) that results to positive factor. The

question number 9 has the highest number of answering (never) that results to negative

factor. The question number 10 has the highest number of answering (never) that results

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to positive factor. The question number 11 has the highest number of answering (never)

that results to positive factor while the question number 12 has the highest number of

answering (never) that results to positive factor.

Questions Never Usually Always Total

3. My peers follow school

5 13 22 40
rules and expect me to

follow them.

4. My peers treat teachers

1 7 32 40
with respect.

6. My peers encourage me
34 3 3 40
to cheat at school.

Table 5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer pressure in terms of studies

This table presents the questions that are connected in studies. Question number 3

has the highest number of answering (always) that result to positive factor. The question

number 4 has the highest number of answering (always) that result to positive factor.

While the question number 6 has the highest number of answering (never) that results to

positive factor as well.

Questions Never Usually Always Total

2. My peers ask me to do

things my family 20 19 1 40

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disapproves of.follow

them.

8. My peers follow their

families rules and expect 10 15 15 40

me to follow my family’s

rules.

Table 6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer pressure in terms of family

This table presents the questions that are connected in family. Question number 2

has the highest number of answering (never) that result to positive factor while the

question number 8 has the highest number of answering (usually and always) that results

to positive factor.

SUMMARY

The content of Chapter 4 includes different types of table (tables 1-4) that

describes the highest number of answering (never, usually and always) which results to

positive and negative factor of each question. The total number of negative factors

gathered is 2, while the positive is 8 for a total of 10. The results are based from the

information gathered from survey.

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 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, so conclusion drawn from the

findings and the corresponding recommendations.

Summary

Peer Pressure is considered as one of the main problems of teenage life. The

researchers objective is to determine the Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer Pressure

to the Senior High school students of New Christian Academy which how this affect their

personalities, daily living, studies and family. Non probability or non-random sampling

design was used by the researchers.

Conclusion

The results gathered by the researchers shows that the peer pressure in New

Christian Academy has positive effects in terms of personality, daily living, studies and

family; although there are two (2) negative factors, still the whole results are positive.

Recommendation

The researchers recommend to the students of the New Christian Academy and to

the youth of this generation is they must not engage in any negative influence of their

peers that will cause danger or harm to them because the researchers believe that the

youth is the hope of our nation and we can prove it by being a good example in each

other.

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