Answers

Solids, Liquids, and the particles would begin to vibrate

more quickly. They would move
Gases faster and begin to move farther
apart.
Chapter Test A
24. In a gas, particles are spread far apart
1. B and they move in all directions at
2. C high speeds, filling all the space
3. A available. In a liquid, particles are
4. D packed closely together but can move
freely around one another. As a
5. C
result, a liquid can take on the shape
6. B of its container. In a solid, particles
7. C are packed tightly together; they can
8. C vibrate in place but not move from
9. B their fixed positions.
10. C 25. In an ice cube, water molecules are
arranged in a crystalline form. Inside
11. gas
the freezer, the ice cube is at a
12. thermal temperature below 0°C. When it is
13. gas removed from the freezer, the ice
14. viscosity cube absorbs thermal energy from its
15. Boiling surroundings, mostly from the air in
the room. At first, the added thermal
16. F, more freely than energy causes the water molecules to
17. F, amorphous vibrate faster, raising their
18. F, freezing temperature. When the temperature of
19. F, sublimation the water molecules reaches 0°C, the
20. T melting point of water, the molecules
vibrate so quickly that they break free
21. State B. The figure shows that the from their fixed positions, and the ice
particles are arranged in a pattern of begins to melt.
definite, fixed positions. They can
vibrate in place but not move around. 26. If the cylinder were heated, the
temperature of the gas would
22. State A. The particles are not in a increase. With the plunger held
fixed pattern as particles in a solid steady, the volume of the gas would
are; the particles can move around remain constant. Under these
one another, but they remain quite conditions (increasing temperature
close together. and constant volume), the pressure of
23. State C, because heating increases the the gas would increase.
energy of the particles. As the
temperature of the liquid increases,

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Chapter Tests
 Answers
Solids, Liquids, and
Gases (continued)
27. The figure shows that the volume and
pressure of a gas are related, and that
as the volume of a gas decreases, its
pressure increases.
28. Some water molecules at the surface
of the puddle gain enough energy to
escape into the air. This process
gradually reduces the size of the
puddle until it dries up. When a
change of state from a liquid to a gas
occurs at the surface of the liquid, the
change is called evaporation. In warm
weather, evaporation may occur more
quickly because the water gains
energy faster from the air, the sun, or
the ground than it does in cooler
weather.
29. The volume of the tire is not greatly
changed by the changing
temperatures, but the gas pressure
inside the tire is. In hot weather, the
rising air temperature in the tire
causes the pressure in the tire to
increase also; if the pressure becomes
greater than the tire can stand, the tire
bursts. However, in cold weather, the
air temperature decreases, causing the
pressure on the tire walls to be
reduced.
30. The balloons will decrease in volume.
When the temperature of a gas at
constant pressure decreases, its
volume also decreases. Because the
balloon is flexible, it contracts.

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Chapter Tests