Types of Pronouns  it

 us
A pronoun is a word that replaces a  them
noun in a sentence. Pronouns are used
to avoid repeating the same nouns over For example:
and over again. For example, "Jeremy
ran so fast, you'd think his life was on the  Please don't sit beside me.
line." The pronoun "his" saved us from  Go talk to her.
repeating the name Jeremy again.  Mary put the gift under it.
 Don't look at them.
Common pronouns include I, me, mine,
she, he, it, we, and us. In truth, there are Possessive Pronouns
many different types of pronouns, each
serving a different purpose. Possessive pronouns show ownership or
possession of a noun. They are:
Personal Pronouns
 my
Personal pronouns are used as a  our
substitute for a person's name. There are  your
two kinds: subjective and objective  his
pronouns. That is, they either act as the  her
subject of the sentence or the object of  its (note there is no apostrophe)
the sentence.  their

As the subject of a sentence, they are: For example:

 I  Is that my book?
 you  No, that's his book.
 he  That's its shelf.
 she  I'd like to see their bookshelves.
 it
 we However, there are also independent
 they possessive pronouns. These pronouns
refer to a previously named or
For example: understood noun. They stand alone and
aren't followed by any other noun. They
 They went to the store. are:
 I don't want to leave.
 He runs a great shop in town.  mine
 You can't leave, either.  ours
 yours
As the object of the sentence, they are:  his
 hers
 me  its
 you  theirs
 her
 him For example:
  That's mine.  The driver who ran the stop sign
 Wrong. It's ours. was careless.
 So, I suppose those clothes are  I don't know which pair of shoes
yours? you want.
 No, it's theirs.  Take whichever ones you want.
 No, not that one.
Indefinite Pronouns
Intensive Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns don't point to
particular nouns. We use them when an Intensive pronouns emphasize, or
object doesn't need to be specifically intensify, nouns and pronouns. Typically,
identified. As such, it can remain we find them right after the noun they're
indefinite. They include: intensifying. These pronouns typically
end in -self or -selves. They are:
 few
 everyone  myself
 all  himself
 some  herself
 anything  themselves
 nobody  itself
 yourself
For example:  yourselves
 ourselves
 Most wealth is held by a select
few. For example:
 Everyone is here already.
 I don't have any paper napkins.  I myself like to travel.
Can you bring some?  He himself is his worst critic.
 He's nobody.  She approved the marriage
herself.
Relative Pronouns  We went to hear W.B. Yeats
himself speak.
Relative pronouns are used to connect
a clause or phrase to a noun or Demonstrative Pronouns
pronoun. We often see them when we
need to add more information. They Demonstrative pronouns take the place
are: of a noun that's already been
mentioned. They can be singular or
 who plural. There are five of them. They
 whom include:
 which
 whoever  these
 whomever  those
 whichever  this
 that  that
 such
For example:
For example:  itself
 ourselves
 These are ugly.  yourselves
 Those are lovely.  themselves
 Don't drink this.
 Such was his understanding. For example:

Interrogative Pronouns  I told myself not to spend all my

money on new shoes.
Interrogative pronouns do just what they  You're going to have to drive
say. They work in sentences that are yourself to the restaurant today.
posing a question. They are:
 We gave ourselves plenty of
 who extra time.
 whom  They bought themselves a new
 which car.
 what
 whoever A Pronoun-Testing Paragraph
 whomever
 whichever See if you can locate all the pronouns in
 whatever this paragraph:

For example: No matter what your teachers may

 Who is going to arrive first?
 What are you bringing to the
party?
 Which of these do you like
better?
 Whatever do you mean?
Reflexive Pronouns
have taught you about pronouns, they
don't always have it right. If your
teachers ever warned you about the
evils of gambling, however, they were
right about that. You don't want
someone breaking your kneecaps with
his crowbar; it will hurt, the police might
arrest you, and you may never forgive
yourself.

Reflexive pronouns are similar to

intensive pronouns. The difference
between the two is that intensive
pronouns aren't essential to a sentence's
meaning. Meanwhile, reflexive pronouns
are. Also, they're used when the subject
and the object of a sentence refer to
the same person or thing. These
pronouns end in -self or -selves. They are:

 myself
 yourself
 himself
 herself
THE NOUN chair bicycle television

hammer ladder computer

(1.Common noun, 2. Proper noun, 3.Collective
noun, 4.Abstract noun, 5.Material noun) axe calculator cooker
Definition :
A noun is a word, it is used as the name of a saw crayons book
person, animal, place, bird, idea, emotion or
thing. courage ruler printer

laziness lawnmower dictionary

For example boy , girl, table, chair, peacock,
honesty, happiness, wisdom, book etc.,
These common nouns are words for
e.g. animals.

Person David, Sister, Woman, Brother e.g.

Place Chennai, London, Delhi, Maxico cat kitten lion

Animal Tiger, Elephant, Lion, Deer dog puppy tiger
Bird Parrot, Crow, Swan, Peacock horse foal elephant
Emotion Happiness, Sadness, Thought, Toy goat kid whale
Thing Pen, Book, Computer, Pencil frog tadpole kangaroo
Types of nouns sheep lamb bear
NOUNS ARE NAMING words. They identify
people, things or place in our world. Nouns
come in six different forms: proper, common, These common nouns are words for places.
abstract, concrete, collective, and compound.
e.g.
Further, the nouns can be classified into two
major types as : countable and uncountable airport hostel temple
nouns.
university hotel mosque

stadium bank school

1. Common noun :
Definition : park library college
A common noun is a name given in common to
farm theater post office
every person or thing of the same class of kind.
zoo mall police station
These common nouns are words for things.

e.g.
These common nouns are words for people Aladdin Muhammad Ali Dad
who do certain things.
George
Harry Potter Mom
e.g. Washington

artist teacher police officer Mahatma

Hitler Granny
Gandhi
singer headmaster plumber
Uncle
Santa Claus Nelson Mandela
dancer manager driver David

director doctor writer Confucius Jayalalitha Miss Park

magician lawyer farmer Alex Rodriguez Jacky chan Mr.Raj

artist clerk friend

The names of the days of the week and the
months of the year are proper nouns.

e.g.

2. Proper noun : days of the week months

Definition :
A proper noun is the name of some particular Sunday January August
person, place, thing, particular event, or group.
Monday February September
This proper noun begins with a capital letter. If
the noun is nonspecific, that is, the noun refers Tuesday March October
to a general idea and not a specific person,
place, or thing, it is usually not a proper noun, Wednesday April November
so it it not capitalized.
Thursday May December
e.g.
Friday June
Specific Nonspecific Saturday July
World war II A war
The names of special days and celebrations
English class A class
are also proper nouns.
The American Bar Association The association
e.g.

These people’s names are proper nouns. New Year’s Day Dewali

e.g. Valentine’s Day Ramadan

Independece Day Christmas

Labour Day Memorial Day family, nation, parliament, committee.

Falg Day Thanksgiving ii) Nouns that refer to a specific group of

persons or things are called Collective Nouns.
Republic Day Veteran’s Day
These are nouns for groups of people. Here
The names of famous places, buildings and are some collective nouns for groups of
monuments are proper nouns. people.

e.g. e.g.

The Taj Mahal The Statue of Liberty a family a committee

The Eiffel Tower Chaco Canyon Pueblo a community a company

The Golden Gate the Leaning Tower of a band a gang

Bridge Pisa a choir the government
The Great Wall of an audience the army
Buckingham Palace
China

Many collective nouns can be used with a

The names of people who live in a singular or plural verb.
particular country are also proper nouns.
e.g.
e.g.
 The crowd was orderly.
Country People  The people were clapping, yelling and
cheering.
Afghanistan Afghans
Here are more collective nouns we can use
Australia Australians
for groups of people.
Britain The British
e.g.
Germany Germans
A crowd of people An army of soldiers
USA Americans
a panel of judges A tem of players
India Indians
a class of schoolchildren a company of actors
3. Collective noun :
Definition : a gang of thieves a band of musicians
i) A collective noun is a name of a number
(collection) of persons or things taken together Many groups of animals have their own
and spoken of as one whole as: special collective nouns.
Crowd, mob, team, flock, herd, army, fleet, jury,
e.g. a slice/piece of a slice/piece a sheet/piece
bread of cheese of paper
a brood of a litter of
a school of fish a piece/square a piece of a piece of
chickens puppies
of chocolate chalk advice
a pack of a swarm of
a flock of birds
wolves bees 4. Abstract noun :
Definition :
a drove of a pride of a troop of An abstract noun is usually the name of a
sheep lions monkeys feelings, ideas, action, state and characteristics,
or qualities considered apart from the object to
a pod of a gaggle of
a herd of cattle which it belongs as.
dolphins geese

Most abstract nouns end with these suffixes:

Some groups of things also have their own
special collective nouns. e.g.

e.g. -ism -ment -ity

a bunch of a deck of a fleet of nationalism argument personality

bananas cards vehicles
-tion -ship -ence
a bunch of a cluster of a suite of
aggravation friendship silence
flower grapes rooms

a grove of a suite of This abstract noun cannot be seen, heard,

a bunch of keys
trees furniture touched or tasted but it can only be felt by
our sense. The abstract noun is not visible.
a bouquet of a fleet of
a set of tools
flower ships
e.g.

Some nouns name the amount or form of wiseness, goodness, kindness,

something. Quality whiteness, darkness, honesty, wisdom,
bravery
e.g.
quarreling, jog, laughter, theft,
Action
movement, judgement, hatred
a loaf of bread a bar of soap a bar of chocolate
poverty, childhood, boyhood,
State
The words a piece of mean a single serving manhood, youth, slavery, sleep, death
or part of something.
For example, we cannot be 'happiness' but
e.g.
we can feel that in our heart or mind. The
names of the subject of study (e.g. grammar,
music, chemistry, etc.) are also Abstract
Nouns.
5. Material noun :
(i) Concrete nouns : Definition :
in opposite to abstract noun, the concrete There are the raw elements or objects existing
nouns can be seen or touched by us. in nature.

e.g. e.g.

building iron steel gold Iron Gold Stones Brass

(ii) Countable nouns : Aluminium Mercury Plastic Mat

(countables) are the names of objects, people,
etc. that we can count. And they have their own
singular and plural forms.

e.g.

book apple doctor horse

books apples doctors horses

(iii) Uncountable nouns :

(uncountables) are the names of things which
we cannot count, e.g. milk, oil, sugar, gold,
honesty.

The uncountable nouns generally refer to

e.g.

wood, glass,
drinks coffee, tea materials
gold, silver

milk, oil, cricket, tennis,

liquids games
petrol football

gases air, oxygen

Countable nouns have plural forms while

uncountable nouns do not. Even the abstract
nouns are also uncountable nouns.
For example, we say boys but we cannot say
oils.