1.

Simple Present Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan fakta, kebiasaan, dan keadaan umum yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + Verb / Verb-s/es +

Complement
a. I work hard for this company.
Atau
b. He works hard for this company.
Subject + am/are/is +
c. You are beautiful.
Complement
Positif d. She is beautiful.

Subject + do/does not + Verb1

+ Complement
a. I do not work hard for this company.
Atau
b. He does not work hard for this company.
Subject + am/are/is + not +
c. You are not beautiful.
complement
Negatif d. She is not beautiful.

Do/does + Subject + Verb1 +

Complement?
a. Do I work hard for this company?
Atau
b. Does he work hard for this company?
Am/are/is + Subject +
c. Are you beautiful?
Complement?
Interogatif d. Is she beautiful?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah: usually, always, every, sometimes, normally, dan seldom, dll.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung. Yang paling utama dari tense ini adalah
adanya durasi waktu untuk kata kerjanya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + am/are/is + Verb-ing
+ Complement

Positif We are studying English.

Negatif Subject + am/are/is + Not + We are not studying English.
 Complement
Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing
Interogatif + Complement? Are we studying English?
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah now, at the time, at this present, at this moment, dll.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau kejadian sudah selesai dan menekankan pada hasilnya.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + has/have + Verb3 +

Complement
a. I have finished my homework.
Positif b. She has finished her homework.

Subject + has/have + not +

Verb3 + Complement
a. I have not finished my homework.

Negatif b. She has not finished her homework.

Has/have + Subject + Verb3 + a. Have I finished my homework?

Interogatif Complement? b. Has she finished her homework?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, dll.

3. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan terus berlanjut sampai saat ini.

Biasanya aksi yang menggunakan tense ini mempunyai durasi waktu tentu dan mempunyai relevansi dengan

kondisi sekarang.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + has/have + been +

Verb-ing + Complement
a. You have been working here since 2015.

Positif b. She has been speaking for the last 3 hours.

Negatif Subject + has/have + not + a. You have not been working here since 2015.
 been + Verb-ing + b. She has not been speaking for the last 3

Complement hours.

Has/have + Subject + been + a. Have you been working here since 2015?

Interogatif Verb-ing + Complement? b. Has she been speaking for the last 3 hours?

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Past”

Kata sinyal untuk tense ini adalah since, for the past …, the whole week, dll.

5. Simple Past Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian di masa lampau.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + Verb2 +

Complement
a. I worked hard for that company.
Atau
b. He worked hard for that company.
Subject + was/were +
c. You were beautiful.
Complement
Positif d. She was beautiful.

Subject + did not + Verb1 +

Complement
a. I did not work hard for that company.
Atau
b. He did not work hard for that company.
Subject + was/were + not +
c. You were not beautiful.
Complement
Negatif d. She was not beautiful.

Did + Subject + Verb1 +

Complement?
a. Did I work hard for that company?
Atau
b. Did he work hard for that company?
Was/were + Subject +
c. Were you beautiful?
Complement?
Interogatif d. Was she beautiful?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah last year, last month, yesterday, in 1996, last Sunday, dll.
6. Past Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau. Biasanya, ada 2
kejadian terjadi di masa lampau, dan kejadian yang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan tense ini.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + was/were + Verb-ing

+ Complement

Positif I was studying English when he called.

Subject + was/were + Not +

Negatif Verb-ing + Complement I was not studying English when he called.

Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing

Interogatif + Complement? Was I studying English when he called?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday, dll.

7. Past Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau, dan

lebih menekankan pada hasil dari pada durasinya kejadiannya. Biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan
kejadian mana yang terlebih terjadi dahulu di antara 2 kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + had + Verb3 +

Complement
I had finished my homework before I met up with

Positif my friends yesterday.

Subject + had + not + Verb3 +

Complement
I had not finished my homework before I met up

Negatif with my friends yesterday.

Interogatif Had + Subject + Verb3 + Had I finished my homework before I met up with
 Complement? my friends yesterday?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day, dll.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di
masa lalu juga. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya. Tense ini juga digunakan pada Reported

Speech

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + had + been + Verb-

ing + Complement

Positif You had been crying for an hour.

Subject + had + not + been +

Verb-ing + Complement

Negatif You had not been crying for an hour.

Had + Subject + been + Verb-

Interogatif ing + Complement? Had you been crying for an hour?

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Future”

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah for, since, the whole day, all day, dll.

9. Simple Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi atau suatu keadaan di masa depan.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will/be going to + a. I will work hard for this company.

Positif Verb1 + Complement b. I am going to work hard for this company.

Subject + will not / be not a. I will not work hard for this company.

going to + Verb1 + b. I am not going to work hard for this

Negatif Complement company.
 Will + Subject + Verb1 +

Complement?

Atau
Be + Subject + going to +
a. Will I work hard for this company?
Verb1 + Complement?
Subject b. Am I going to work hard for this company?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah next…, tomorrow, five days later, dll.

10. Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau keadaan yang akan terjadi di suatu waktu tertentu di masa
yang akan datang.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will / be going to+ be

+ Verb-ing + Complement
a. I will be studying English.

Positif b. You are going be studying English.

Subject + will not / be not

going to + be + Verb-ing +

Complement
a. I will not be studying English.

Negatif b. You are not going to be studyingEnglish.

Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing a. Will I be studying English?

Interogatif + Complement? b. Are you going to be studyingEnglish?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah tomorrow morning, in ten years, dll.

11. Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan berakhir di masa depan.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will have + Verb3 +

Positif Complement I will have finished my homework.

 Subject + will not have +

Verb3 + Complement

Negatif I will not have finished my homework.

Will + Subject + have Verb3 +

Interogatif Complement? Will I have finished my homework?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah next…, in a week, dll.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense ini menekankan pada
hasil.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will + have + been +

Verb-ing + Complement
In 2020, she will have been working here for 2

Positif years.

Subject + will + not + have +

been + Verb-ing +

Complement
In 2020, she will not have been workinghere for 2

Negatif years.

Will + Subject + have + been + In 2020, will she have been working here for 2

Interogatif Verb-ing + Complement? years?

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Past Future”

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah for the last…, all day long, dll.

13. Past Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu namun gagal (rencana yang gagal).
Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should +

Positif Verb1 + Complement I would come to your party if you invited me.

Subject + would/should not + I would not come to your party if you did not invite

Negatif Verb1 + Complement me.

Would/should + Subject +

Subject Verb1 + Complement? Would I come to your party if you invited me?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah yesterday, the day before, last week, dll.

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lampau dan
akan berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi aksinya.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should + be + I would be studying if you did not disturb me

Positif Verb-ing + Complement yesterday.

Subject + would/should not + I would not be studying if you did not disturb me

Negatif be + Verb-ing + Complement yesterday.

Would/should + Subject + be + Would I be studying if you did not disturb me

Subject Verb-ing + Complement? yesterday?

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan sudah dilakukan di masa lampau namun ternyata
tidak dilakukan (rencana yang gagal). Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should + have I would have bought a new car if I had enough

Positif + Verb3 + Complement money.

Subject + would/should not + I would not have bought a new car if I had enough

Negatif have + Verb3 + Complement money.

Would/should + Subject + be + Would I have bought a new car if I had enough

Subject Verb3 + Complement? money?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan sudah dan masih sedang dilakukan di masa lampau, namun
sebenarnya tidak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi dan hasilnya.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should + have

+ been + Verb-ing + She would have been waiting for me for 3 hours

Positif Complement yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM.

Subject + would/should not +

have + been + Verb-ing + She would not have been waiting for me for 3
Negatif Complement hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM.

Would/should + Subject + have

+ been + Verb-ing + Would she have been waiting for me for 3 hours

Subject Complement? yesterday?

Kata sinyal untuk tense ini adalah for, but, unfortunately, dll.