The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are autonomous public institutes of higher education, located in India.

[1] They
are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 which has declared them as institutions of national importance and
lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance.[2][3] The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists twenty-
three institutes (after the last amendment in 2016).[4] Each IIT is autonomous, linked to the others through a common
council (IIT Council), which oversees their administration. The Minister of Human Resource Development is the ex officio
Chairperson of the IIT Council.[5] As of 2018, the total number of seats for undergraduate programs in all IITs is 11,279.[6]

Indian Institutes of Technology

Jammu
Other name IIT or IITs (plural)
Mandi
Ropar Type Public universities
Roorkee
Established 15 September 1956
Delhi
via Indian Institute of
Technology Act 1956
Jodhpur Kanpur
Patna
Guwahati Location 23 places in India
Varanasi
Gandhinaga
r Dhanbad Language English
Indore
Kharagpur Website https://www.iitsystem.ac.in/
Bhilai

Bhubanesw
Bombay ar

Hyderabad

Goa Dharwad

Tirupati

Madras

Palakkad

Location of the 23 Indian Institutes of Technology

List of Institutes

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 IITs and their locations, sorted by date of establishment[3][4][7][8]
Sl No Name Abbreviations Founded Established (as IIT) Campus Area State/UT

1 IIT Kharagpur IITKGP 1951 1951 2100 acre West Bengal

2 IIT Bombay IITB 1958 1958 550 acre Maharashtra

3 IIT Madras IITM 1959 1959 617 acre Tamil Nadu

4 IIT Kanpur IITK 1959 1959 1100 acre[9] Uttar Pradesh

5 IIT Delhi IITD 1961 1963 325 acre Delhi

6 IIT Guwahati IITG 1994 1994 700 acre Assam

7 IIT Roorkee IITR 1847 2001 365 acre Uttarakhand

8 IIT Ropar IITRPR 2008 2008 501 acre Punjab

9 IIT Bhubaneswar IITBBS 2008 2008 936 acre Odisha

10 IIT Gandhinagar IITGN 2008 2008 400 acre Gujarat

11 IIT Hyderabad IITH 2008 2008 576 acre Telangana

12 IIT Jodhpur IITJ 2008 2008 852 acre Rajasthan

13 IIT Patna IITP 2008 2008 501 acre Bihar

14 IIT Indore IITI 2009 2009 515 acre Madhya Pradesh

15 IIT Mandi IITMandi 2009 2009 538 acre Himachal Pradesh

16 IIT (BHU) Varanasi IIT (BHU) 1919 2012 1300 acre Uttar Pradesh

17 IIT Palakkad IITPKD 2015[10] 2015[10] 505 acre Kerala

18 IIT Tirupati IITTP 2015 2015 500 acre Andhra Pradesh

19 IIT (ISM) Dhanbad IIT (ISM) 1926 2016 833 acre Jharkhand

20 IIT Bhilai IITBH 2016[11] 2016[11] 432 acre Chhattisgarh

21 IIT Goa IITGOA 2016[12] 2016[12] 320 acre Goa

22 IIT Jammu IITJM 2016[13] 2016[13] 400 acre Jammu and Kashmir
[14] [14]
23 IIT Dharwad IITDH 2016 2016 470 acre Karnataka

History

The office of the Hijli Detention

Camp served as the first academic
building of IIT Kharagpur.

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 The history of the IIT system dates back to 1946 when Sir Jogendra Singh of the Viceroy's Executive Council set up a
committee whose task was to consider the creation of Higher Technical Institutions for post-war industrial development in
India. The 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, recommended the establishment of these institutions in
various parts of India, with affiliated secondary institutions.

The first Indian Institute of Technology was founded in May 1950 at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp in Kharagpur.[15]
The first Indian Institute of Technology was established in 1951. On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed the
Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, first
Prime Minister of India, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956 said:[16]

“ Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges,
India's future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolical of the changes that are coming to India. ”
On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959),
Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). The location of these campuses was chosen to be scattered throughout India to prevent
regional imbalance.[17] The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to reflect the addition of new IITs.[2] Student
agitations in the state of Assam made Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a new IIT in Assam. This led to
the establishment of a sixth institution at Guwahati under the Assam Accord in 1960. In 2001, the University of Roorkee,
India's oldest engineering college, was converted into IIT Roorkee.

IITG estd. 1994

Over the past few years, there have been a number of developments toward establishing new IITs. On October 1, 2003,
Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced plans to create more IITs "by upgrading existing academic institutions that
have the necessary promise and potential".[18] Subsequent developments led to the formation of the S K Joshi Committee,
in November 2003, to guide the selection of the five institutions which would be converted into IITs. Based on the initial
recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, it was decided that new IITs should be spread throughout the country. When
the government expressed its willingness to correct this regional imbalance, 16 states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi
Committee prescribed strict guidelines for institutions aspiring to be IITs,[19] only seven colleges were selected for final
consideration.[20] Plans are also reported to open IITs outside India, although there has not been much progress in this
regard.[21] Eventually in the 11th Five year plan, eight states were identified for establishment of new IITs. In 2008 and 2009,
eight new IITs were set up in Gandhinagar, Jodhpur, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Ropar, and Mandi. Following
same selection process since 1972, in 2012 the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University was made a member of
the IITs.

In 2015 to 2016, six new IITs in Tirupati, Palakkad, Dharwad, Bhilai, Goa and Jammu, approved through a 2016 bill
amendment, were founded, along with the conversion of ISM Dhanbad into IIT Dhanbad.

The entire allocation by the Center for 2017-18 budget for all Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) was slightly over ₹7,000
crores (70,000 millions). However, the aggregate money spent by Indian students for tertiary education in the United States

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 was about six times more than what the Center spends on all IITs.[22]

Organizational structure

organizational Structure of IITs

The President of India is the most powerful person in the organizational structure of Indian Institutes of Technology, being
the ex officio Visitor,[23] and having residual powers. Directly under the President is the IIT Council, which comprises the
minister-in-charge of technical education in the Union Government, the Chairmen of all IITs, the Directors of all IITs, the
Chairman of the University Grants Commission, the Director General of CSIR, the Chairman of IISc, the Director of IISc,
three members of Parliament, the Joint Council Secretary of Ministry of Human Resource and Development, and three
appointees each of the Union Government, AICTE, and the Visitor.[24]

Under the IIT Council is the Board of Governors of each IIT. Under the Board of Governors is the Director, who is the chief
academic and executive officer of the IIT.[25] Under the Director, in the organizational structure, comes the Deputy Director.
Under the Director and the Deputy Director, come the Deans, Heads of Departments, Registrar, President of the Students'
Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. The Registrar is the chief administrative officer of the IIT and
overviews the day-to-day operations.[25] Below the Heads of Department (HOD) are the faculty members (Professors,
Associate Professors, and Assistant Professors). The Wardens come under the Chairman of the Hall Management
Committee.[26]

The Institutes of Technology Act

The Institutes of Technology act was later taken as the base for the following years up until date. The Act primarily accepted
few IITs as Institutes of National Importance and converted them from 'Societies' to University status.

Education

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 PK Kelkar Library, IIT Kanpur

The IITs receive comparatively higher grants than other engineering colleges in India.[27] While the total government
funding to most other engineering colleges is around Rs. 10–20 crores (USD 2–4 million) per year, the amount varies
between Rs. 90 crores –130 crores (USD 18–26 million) per year for each IIT.[20] Other sources of funds include student
fees and research funding from industry and contributions from the alumni. The faculty-to-student ratio in the IITs is
between 1i6 and 1i8.[28] The Standing Committee of IIT Council (SCIC) prescribes the lower limit for faculty-to-student ratio
as 1i9, applied department wise. The IITs subsidise undergraduate student fees by approximately 80% and provide
scholarships to all Master of Technology students and Research Scholars in order to encourage students for higher studies,
per the recommendations of the Thacker Committee (1959–1961).[29] The cost borne by undergraduate students is around
Rs. 180,000 per annum.[30] After students from SC and ST categories, physically challenged students will now be the
beneficiaries of fee waiver at the IITs in India.

The various IITs function autonomously, and their special status as Institutes of National Importance facilitates the smooth
running of IITs, virtually free from both regional as well as student politics. Such autonomy means that IITs can create their
own curricula and adapt rapidly to the changes in educational requirements, free from bureaucratic hurdles. The
government has no direct control over internal policy decisions of IITs (like faculty recruitment and curricula) but has
representation on the IIT Council. The medium of instruction in all IITs is English.[31] The classes are usually held between
7i30 am and 5i30 pm, though there are some variations within each IIT. All the IITs have public libraries for the use of their
students. In addition to a collection of prescribed books, the libraries have sections for fiction and other literary genres. The
electronic libraries allow students to access on-line journals and periodicals. The IITs and IISc have taken an initiative along
with Ministry of Human Resource Development to provide free online videos of actual lectures of different disciplines under
National Program on Technology Enhanced Learning. This initiative is undertaken to make quality education accessible to all
students.[32]

The academic policies of each IIT are decided by its Senate. This comprises all professors of the IIT and student
representatives. Unlike many western universities that have an elected senate, the IITs have an academic senate. It controls
and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations and results, and appoints committees to look into specific academic
matters. The teaching, training and research activities of the institute are periodically reviewed by the senate to maintain
educational standards.[33] The Director of an IIT is the ex-officio Chairman of the Senate.

Central Library, IIT Roorkee

All the IITs follow the credits system of performance evaluation, with proportional weighting of courses based on their

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 importance. The total marks (usually out of 100) form the basis of grades, with a grade value (out of 10) assigned to a range
of marks. Sometimes, relative grading is done considering the overall performance of the whole class. For each semester,
the students are graded on a scale of 0 to 10 based on their performance, by taking a weighted average of the grade points
from all the courses, with their respective credit points. Each semester evaluation is done independently and then the
weighted average over all semesters is used to calculate the cumulative grade point average (known as CGPA or CPI—
Cumulative Performance Index).

Undergraduate education

The Bachelor of Technology (BTech) degree is the most common undergraduate degree in the IITs in terms of student
enrollment, although dual degrees integrating Master of Science or Master of Arts are also offered. The BTech course is
based on a 4-year program with eight semesters,[34] while the Dual Degree and Integrated courses are 5-year programs
with ten semesters. In all IITs, the first year of BTech and Dual Degree courses are marked by a common course structure
for all the students, though in some IITs, a single department introduction related course is also included.[35] The common
courses include the basics from most of the departments like Electronics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Electrical and Physics. At
the end of first year (the end of first semester at IIT Madras, IIT Hyderabad and IIT Roorkee), an option to change
departments is given to meritorious students on the basis of their performance in the first two semesters.[36] Few such
changes ultimately take place as the criteria for them are usually strict,[36] limited to the most meritorious students.

From the second year onwards, the students study subjects exclusively from their respective departments.[37] In addition to
these, the students have to take compulsory advanced courses from other departments in order to broaden their
education. Separate compulsory courses from humanities and social sciences department, and sometimes management
courses are also enforced.[38] In the last year of their studies, most of the students are placed into industries and
organisations via the placement process of the respective IIT, though some students opt out of this either when going for
higher studies or when they take up jobs by applying to the companies directly.[39]

Postgraduate and doctoral education

Master's degrees and postgraduate diplomas

The IITs offer a number of postgraduate programs including Master of Technology (MTech), Master of Business
Administration (MBA) (only for engineers and post graduates in science), and Master of Science (MSc). Some IITs offer
specialised graduate programmes such as Master of Design (M.Des.), the Post Graduate Diploma in Information Technology
(PGDIT), Master in Medical Science and Technology (MMST), Master of City Planning (MCP), Master of Arts (MA),
Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law (PGDIPL), and the Postgraduate Diploma in Maritime Operation &
Management (PGDMOM).

Some of the IITs offer an M.S. (by research) program; the MTech and M.S. are similar to the US universities' non-thesis
(course based) and thesis (research based) masters programs respectively. Admissions to masters programs in engineering
are made using scores of the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), while those to masters programs in science are
made using scores of the Joint Admission Test to MSc (JAM).

Several IITs have schools of management offering master's degrees in management or business administration.

Bachelors-Masters dual degrees

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 The IITs also offer an unconventional BTech and MTech integrated educational program called "Dual Degree". It integrates
undergraduate and postgraduate studies in selected areas of specialisation. It is completed in five years[40] as against six
years in conventional BTech (four years) followed by an MTech (two years).[41] Integrated Master of Science programs are
also offered at few IITs which integrates the Undergraduate and Postgraduate studies in Science streams in a single degree
program against the conventional University system. These programs were started to allow its graduates to complete
postgraduate studies from IIT rather than having to go to another institute.

Doctoral degrees

The IITs also offer the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) as part of their doctoral education programme. In it, the
candidates are given a topic of academic interest by the professor or have to work on a consultancy project given by the
industries. The duration of the program is usually unspecified and depends on the specific discipline. PhD candidates have
to submit a dissertation as well as provide an oral defence for their thesis. Teaching Assistantships (TA) and Research
Assistantships (RA) are often provided.

The IITs, along with NITs and IISc, account for nearly 80% of all engineering PhDs in India.[42] IITs now allow admission in
PhD programs without the mandatory GATE score.[43][44]

Culture and student life

All the IITs provide on-campus residential facilities to the students, research scholars and faculty. The students live in
hostels (sometimes referred to as halls) throughout their stay in the IIT. Students in all IITs must choose among National
Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and National Sports Organisation (NSO) in their first years.[45] All the
IITs have sports grounds for basketball, cricket, football (soccer), hockey, volleyball, lawn tennis, badminton, and athletics;
and swimming pools for aquatic events. Usually the hostels also have their own sports grounds. Moreover, an Inter IIT
Sports Meet is organized annually where participants from all 23 IITs contest for the General Championship Trophy in 13
different sports.[46]

Technical and cultural festivals

All IITs organise annual technical festivals, typically lasting three or four days. The technical festivals are Shaastra (IIT
Madras), Kshitij (IIT Kharagpur), Techfest (IIT Bombay), Cognizance (techfest) (IIT Roorkee), Concetto (IIT-ISM Dhanbad),
Nvision (IIT Hyderabad), Amalthea (technical summit)(IIT Gandhinagar), Technex (IIT BHU), Techkriti (IIT Kanpur), Tryst (IIT
Delhi), Techniche (IIT Guwahati), Wissenaire (IIT Bhubaneswar), Technunctus (IIT Jammu), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Fluxus (IIT
Indore), Celesta (IIT Patna) and IGNUS (IIT Jodhpur) has now become the biggest techno-cultural college festival in Central
India,. Most of them are organised in the months of January or March. Techfest (IIT Bombay) is also one of the most popular
and largest technical festival in Asia in terms of participants and prize money involved. It has been granted patronage from
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) for providing a platform to students to showcase
their talent in science and technology. Shaastra holds the distinction of being the first student-managed event in the world
to implement a formal Quality Management System, earning ISO 9001i2000 certification.[47] Kshitij is the largest in terms of
Sponsorship amounts and also branded as a techno-management festival due to its emphasis on both technology and
management.

Annual cultural festivals are also organised by the IITs and last three to four days. These include Thomso (IIT Roorkee),

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 Alcheringa (IIT Guwahati), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Saarang (IIT Madras, previously Mardi Gras), Spring Fest (IIT Kharagpur, also
known as SF), Rendezvous (IIT Delhi), Srijan, Previously Saturnalia (IIT Dhanbad), Tarang (culfest) (previously Rave),
Anwesha (IIT Patna), Kashiyatra (IIT BHU, also known as KY), SPANDAN (IIT Jodhpur), Infinito (IIT Jammu), Blithchron (IIT
Gandhinagar), ELAN (IIT Hyderabad), Alma Fiesta (IIT Bhubaneswar), Mood Indigo (IIT Bombay, also known as Mood-I),
Antaragni (IIT Kanpur) and Zeitgeist (IIT Ropar).

Academic rankings

IITs are generally ranked above other engineering colleges in India for Engineering. According to Outlook India's Top
Engineering Colleges of 2017, the top four engineering colleges within India were IITs.[48] IIT Delhi was the highest-ranked
IIT internationally, ranking 172nd in the QS World University Rankings of 2018, followed by IIT Bombay (179th), while 3 other
IITs (IIT Madras at 264, IIT Kanpur at 293 and IIT Kharagpur at 308) make the top 310.[49]

In the 2019 QS World University Ranking, IIT Bombay ranked highest at 162, followed by IIT Delhi (172), IIT Madras (264), IIT
Kanpur (283), IIT Kharagpur (295), IIT Roorkee (381) and IIT Guwahati (472).[50]

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 National and World Rankings of various IIT's
2018 QS
2019 QS 2018 QS 2017 QS World 2019 Times 2018 University
2019 NIRF 2018 NIRF
World World World World Ranking by
Rank
National National
Name Rank Rank Rank Rank
(Engg. Academic
[51] [52] [53]
(Overall)[57] (Overall)[58]
(Overall) (Overall) (Overall) and (Overall)[55] Performance[56]
Tech.)[54]

IIT Bombay 162 179 219 68 401-500 495 4 3

IIT Delhi 172 172 185 64 401-500 561 3 4

IIT Madras 264 264 249 95 601-800 576 1 2

IIT Kanpur 283 293 302 115 501-600 654 6 7

IIT Kharagpur 295 308 313 108 501-600 511 5 5

IIT Roorkee 381 431-440 399 173 401-500 647 8 8

IIT Guwahati 472 501-550 481-490 271 601-800 780 9 12

IIT
N/A N/A N/A N/A 601-800 1407 22 22
Hyderabad

IIT(ISM)
N/A N/A N/A N/A 801-1000 1043 25 13
Dhanbad

IIT (BHU)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1191 28 28
Varanasi

IIT Indore N/A N/A N/A N/A 351-400 1141

IIT
N/A N/A N/A N/A 601-800 1691 46 51
Bhubaneswar

IIT Ropar N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1486 29 21

IIT
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1515 51 39
Gandinagar

IIT Patna N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1943 58 69

IIT Mandi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1988 44

IIT Jodhpur N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2479

In the 2017 QS World Rankings by Subject, IIT Dhanbad featured at 24th, followed by IIT Kharagpur at 35th, in Engineering
— Mining and Mineral Science.[59] In the same ranking, IIT Delhi secured 49th place for Electrical Engineering.[60] The only
IIT that was listed in the top 400 by the Times Higher Education rankings 2018 was IIT Bombay in the 351–400 category.
The Times Asia Rankings 2018 featured IIT Bombay, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Roorkee, IIT Kanpur, and IIT Delhi at 44th, 60th, 65th,
81st, and 86th respectively. In 2016, a new IIT, IIT Indore, was ranked 8th in the world, followed by IIT Kanpur (which was
ranked 9th), under a ranking released by HackerRank for the world's best coders.[61] The following IITs have topped the
2018 QS BRICS rankings: IIT Bombay (9th), Delhi (17th), Madras (18th), Kanpur (21st), Kharagpur (24th), Roorkee (51st),

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 Guwahati (52nd), Hyderabad (100th), and Patna (108th).[62]In Times Higher Education Rankings 2019 IIT Indore made its
debut with the rank of 351-400 category , best among all IITs.[63]

Criticism

The IITs have faced criticism from within and outside academia. Major concerns include allegations that they encourage
brain drain and that their stringent entrance examinations encourage coaching colleges and skew the socio-economic
profile of the student body. Recently some prominent IITians have also questioned the quality of teaching and research in
IITs.[64][65][66] In the recent past, the number of student suicides has attracted significant attention.[67]

Brain drain

Among the criticisms of the IIT system by the media and academia, a common notion is that it encourages brain drain. This
trend has been reversed somewhat (dubbed the reverse brain drain) as hundreds of IIT graduates, who have pursued
further studies in the US, started returning to India in the 1990s.[68] Additionally, IIT alumni are giving back generously to
their parent institutions (examples are Kanwal Rekhi to IIT Bombay, Dr. Prabhakant Sinha to IIT Kharagpur, and many others).
Until liberalisation started in the early 1990s, India experienced large scale emigration of IITians to developed countries,
especially to the United States. Since 1953, nearly twenty-five thousand IITians have settled in the USA.[69] Since the USA
benefited from subsidised education in IITs at the cost of Indian taxpayers' money, critics say that subsidising education in
IITs is useless. Others support the emigration of graduates, arguing that the capital sent home by the IITians has been a
major source of the expansion of foreign exchange reserves for India, which, until the 1990s, had a substantial trade deficit.

The extent of intellectual loss receded substantially over the 1990s and 2000s, with the percentage of students going
abroad dropping from as high as 70% at one time to around 30% in 2005.[68] This is largely attributed to the liberalization of
the Indian economy and the opening of previously closed markets. Government initiatives are encouraging IIT students into
entrepreneurship programs and are increasing foreign investment. Emerging scientific and manufacturing industries, and
outsourcing of technical jobs from North America and Western Europe have created opportunities for aspiring graduates in
India. Many undergraduates go abroad to pursue further studies, such as MS, MBA and PhD.

Entrance competition

The highly competitive examination in the form of IIT-JEE has led to establishment of a large number of coaching institutes
throughout the country that provide intensive, and specific preparation for the IIT-JEE for substantial fees. It is argued that
this favours students from specific regions and richer backgrounds. Some coaching institutes say that they have
individually coached nearly 800 successful candidates year after year.[70] According to some estimates, nearly 95% of all
students who clear the IIT-JEE had joined coaching classes.[71] Indeed, this was the case regarding preparation for IIT
entrance exams even decades ago. In a January 2010 lecture at the Indian Institute of Science, the 2009 Nobel laureate in
Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan revealed that he failed to get a seat at any of the Indian engineering and medical
colleges.[72] He also said that his parents, being old-fashioned, did not believe in coaching classes to prepare for the IIT
entrance exam and considered them to be "nonsense".[72]

In a documentary aired by CBS, Vinod Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems states, "The IITs probably are the hardest
school in the world to get into, to the best of my knowledge".[73] The documentary further concludes, "Put Harvard, MIT and

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 Princeton together, and you begin to get an idea of the status of IIT in India" to depict the competition as well as demand for
the elite institutes.

Not all children are of a similar aptitude level and may be skilled in different paradigms and fields. This has led to criticism of
the way the examinations are conducted and the way a student is forced in the Indian community. The IIT-JEE format was
restructured in 2006 following these complaints.[74] After the change to the objective pattern of questioning, even the
students who initially considered themselves not fit for subjective pattern of IIT-JEE decided to take the examination.
Though the restructuring was meant to reduce the dependence of students on coaching classes, it led to an increase in
students registering for coaching classes.[75] Some people (mostly IITians) have criticised the changed pattern of the IIT-
JEE. Their reasoning is that while IIT-JEE traditionally used to test students understanding of fundamentals and ability to
apply them to solve tough unseen problems, the current pattern does not stress much on the application part and might
lead to a reduced quality of students.[76]

IIT-JEE is conducted only in English and Hindi, making it harder for students with regional languages as their main language.
In September 2011, the Gujarat High Court has acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, for
conducting the exams in Gujarati.[77] A second petition was made in October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik
Pustakalaya Trust.[78] Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition
it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages is in violation of article 14 of the Constitution of
India.[79] IIT council has recommended major changes in entrance examination structure which will be effected from 2017
onwards.[80]

Alumni

This section needs expansion.

Learn more

As of 2008, IITs have more than 170,000 alumni.[81]

See also

Indian Institutes of Management

National Institutes of Technology

References

q. "More IIT seats possible this year" .

r. "The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961" (PDF). Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. 24 May 2005. Retrieved
14 May 2006.

s. "IIT Act (As amended till 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2012.

t. "Problem of plenty: As IITs multiply, the brand value diminishes" . Hindustan Times. 29 June 2015.

u. "IIT Council Portal" . Retrieved 12 June 2015.

v. "IIT success kiss from 2 Telugu powerhouses" .

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 w. "Gazette Notification of the Bill" (PDF). 29 June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2013. Retrieved
2 July 2012.

x. "Institute History – Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur" . IIT Kharagpur. Archived from the original on 20 April
2008. Retrieved 22 October 2008.

y. Counselling Service IITK (23 July 2018), IIT Kanpur Campus Tour (Official Video) , retrieved 24 July 2019

qz. "JEE Advanced 2015: IIT Bombay announces that 4 new IITs will admit students from this session" . Prepsure.com.
Retrieved 12 June 2015.

qq. IndianExpress. "Chhattisgarh to open IIT campus in Bhilai" . IndianExpress. Retrieved 14 January 2016.

qr. "Failure to identify land likely to delay setting up of IIT in Goa" . The Times of India. Retrieved 12 June 2015.

qs. Press Trust of India (23 April 2015). "IIT Jammu to be set up at Chak Bhalwal" . Retrieved 12 June 2015.

qt. "Dharwad will host first IIT of Karnataka" . The Times of India. Retrieved 9 September 2015.

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Further reading

Rajguru; Pant, Ranjan (2003). IIT India's Intellectual Treasures. India: Indus Media. ISBN 0-9747393-0-8.

Kripalani, Manjeet; Engardio, Pete; Spiro, Leah Nathans (1998). "INDIA'S WHIZ KIDS – Inside the Indian Institutes of Technology's star
factory" . BusinessWeek (International ed.).

Kirpal, Viney; Gupta, Meenakshi (1999). Equality Through Reservations. India: Vedams. ISBN 81-7033-526-4.

Deb, Sandipan (2004). The IITians. India: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-04986-7.

Murali, Kanta (1 February 2003). "The IIT Story: Issues and Concerns" . Frontline Magazine – Volume 20 – Issue 03. Frontline.
Archived from the original on 26 March 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.

Rajguru, Suvarna (30 December 2005). "What makes the IITs so chic" . LittleINDIA. Archived from the original on 3 September
2006. Retrieved 27 August 2006.

Gates, Bill (17 January 2003). "Bill Gates Speech Transcript – Indian Institute of Technology 50th Anniversary Celebration Keynote" .
Microsoft corporation. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2008.

Bhagat, Chetan (2004). Five Point Someone - What not to do at IIT. India: Rupa & Co. ISBN 81-291-0459-8.

Agarwal, Rajeev (2013). What I Did Not Learn at IIT. India: Random House. ISBN 978-8-184-00486-1.

Subbarao, E.C. (2008). An Eye for Excellence – 50 innovative years of IIT Kanpur. India: Harper Collins India. ISBN 978-81-7223-769-
1.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Indian Institutes of Technology

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian Institutes of Technology.

Official website IIT Council

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