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Nama : Shafa Sundus Salsabila

Kelas/ prodi : D4 gizi 1B


NIM : P17111183067

Adequate energy intake is very important. Malnourished children need 150-200

kcal/kg/day (0.6-0.8 Megajoules). It is very important, but it is not easy to make malnourished,

anorexic or ill children eat suitable food amount they are needed. Children can become more

malnourished and got catabolic state because they’re not get enough energy intake, because of

that the body tissues are being dispart to supplay energy so that the basic functions of the body

can persist.

Protein is very important for daily needs and growth, especially animal protein. Animal

protein have big impact in management of malnutrition. If body not have enough energy, the

body will use protein reserve in the muscles and other body tissues for energy sources. Milk,

meat, and eggs are the best sources of protein especially essential amino acids. But now mixture

of vegetable is good as animal protein. Example wheat and other grains have low essential amino

acids lysine but legumes and pulses contain high essential amino acids lysine. This is the

theoretical basis for support a “mixed diet”.

Vitamin and mineral are also important for normal diets and treatment of malnutrition.

When a nutrisionist designing a diet menu that is suitable for patient who need a treatment, the

nutrisionist must pay attention with source of iron, folic acid, and carotene because that
components may be deficient in the diet who causing complications PEM like anemia and

xerophthalmia. Magnesium (Mg) is also important but normally magnesium has enough

available in a mixed diets.

PEM can be caused by many different pattern, and causes. Points that need to be emphasized for

thr nutrition instruction in a place that has a lot of PEM are

1. Breast Feeding. Basic od infant nutrition. A mother should attach importance to her child who

has PEM until 24 months of age if the mother does not have a younger child. The other

important thing is breast feeding provide inadequate nourishment after about 4 months.

2. Weaning. A time when a children start to eat non milk dietary items. Weaning is the time who

correlated with malnutrition, because infant is expected to suddenly accept a diet with a very new

texture and taste.

3. Young children need diets with a high energy density. A few teeth have grown in young child

and have been used for fluid diet. Dilute child’s food with water is right and a reasonable action.

But if the child must take enough food like this to get an energy, he or she will have to drink

large volumes of the fluid diet. So this is a factor which really limits energy intake.

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