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kcal/kg/day (0.6-0.8 Megajoules). It is very important, but it is not easy to make malnourished,
anorexic or ill children eat suitable food amount they are needed. Children can become more
malnourished and got catabolic state because they’re not get enough energy intake, because of
that the body tissues are being dispart to supplay energy so that the basic functions of the body
can persist.
Protein is very important for daily needs and growth, especially animal protein. Animal
protein have big impact in management of malnutrition. If body not have enough energy, the
body will use protein reserve in the muscles and other body tissues for energy sources. Milk,
meat, and eggs are the best sources of protein especially essential amino acids. But now mixture
of vegetable is good as animal protein. Example wheat and other grains have low essential amino
acids lysine but legumes and pulses contain high essential amino acids lysine. This is the
Vitamin and mineral are also important for normal diets and treatment of malnutrition.
When a nutrisionist designing a diet menu that is suitable for patient who need a treatment, the
nutrisionist must pay attention with source of iron, folic acid, and carotene because that
components may be deficient in the diet who causing complications PEM like anemia and
xerophthalmia. Magnesium (Mg) is also important but normally magnesium has enough
PEM can be caused by many different pattern, and causes. Points that need to be emphasized for
1. Breast Feeding. Basic od infant nutrition. A mother should attach importance to her child who
has PEM until 24 months of age if the mother does not have a younger child. The other
important thing is breast feeding provide inadequate nourishment after about 4 months.
2. Weaning. A time when a children start to eat non milk dietary items. Weaning is the time who
correlated with malnutrition, because infant is expected to suddenly accept a diet with a very new
3. Young children need diets with a high energy density. A few teeth have grown in young child
and have been used for fluid diet. Dilute child’s food with water is right and a reasonable action.
But if the child must take enough food like this to get an energy, he or she will have to drink
large volumes of the fluid diet. So this is a factor which really limits energy intake.