● Organisms can be classified into groups based on very basic, shared characteristics.

Organisms within each group are then further divided into smaller groups. These smaller
groups are based on more detailed similarities within each larger group. This grouping
system makes it easier for scientists to study certain groups of organisms.
Characteristics such as appearance, reproduction, mobility, and functionality are just a
few ways in which living organisms are grouped together. These specialized groups are
collectively called the classification of living things. The classification of living things
includes 7 levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Classes, Order, Families, Genus, and Species.

http://www.softschools.com/science/biology/classification_of_living_things/

● Species is a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of

exchanging genes or interbreeding. The species is the principal natural taxonomic unit,
ranking below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial, e.g. Homo sapiens.

https://quizlet.com/123932145/chapter-18-evolution-flash-cards/

● The binomial naming system is the system used to name species. Each species is
given a name that consists of two parts. The first part is the Genus to which the species
belongs and the second part is the species name. For example, Apis mellifera (the
honey bee).

Very first, species in itself is a plural.and you pointed rightly... spp. is used for addressing
multiple species at a time whereas using sp. imply addressing to one species
only.Strain, though not having any official ranking status in Botany and moreover, is a
taxonomic rank used at infraspecific level. Obviously, it is not advisable to use this term
"spp." at any level other than species.

Danish husain-
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Difference_between_spp_and_sp

https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/binomial-naming-system

● Classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary system relationship is because when

evolution is happening, automatically the classification will change. Systematic is a
closer analysis of the diversity of living things and evolution relationship between the
organisms. The evolution relationship between the organisms is known as phylogeny.
Since Darwin, this systematic has another purpose other than simplified the regulation of
classification of living things, the purpose is to make a classification that shows the
evolution relationship between living things. So, they made a classification system that
shows the evolution relationship between living things. The example is peppered moth.
During the nineteenth century, pollution killed off some of the lichens and soot deposits
caused the bark on trees to appear darker. Light coloured moths were no longer
 camouflaged and were eaten by birds. The dark moths had a better camouflage. It is an
example of population genetics and natural selection, also classification.

http://artikelpengertianmakalah.blogspot.com/2015/05/teori-evolusi-dan-klasifikasi-
mahluk.html
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zsg6v9q/revision/2

● Classification is traditionally based on studies of morphology and anatomy. Morphology

is the study of external appearance of living organisms. Anatomy is the study of internal
structure of living organisms. In plants, the appearance that can be used in classification
is the morphology, for example the color of flowers, the shape of flowers, the hardness
seed, shape of tree, shape of leaf, and others. Other than that, anatomy also can be
used, for example whether there is or there is not transport file, whether there is or there
is not cambium, and even the trachea cell. Appearance that can classified animals, for
example is the backbone, the body segment, shape of body parts, number of leg, and
others. This classification made a group that desired on nature.

http://www.othe.org/ilmu-pengetahuan/biologi/1230/beberapa-jenis-klasifikasi/

● The sequences of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins are used as a more
accurate means of classification. At the end of the 20th century, the Molecular Biology
development got an incredible progress. The scientists can differentiate and compare
the species and the closeness by evolution using molecular approach. In molecular
level, the approach between the two species is same like the different accumulation
genom between the species. Closer the relationship between the two species, the DNA
sequence they have will be similar. Therefore, the biology approach will consider as the
right and accurate means for systematic. So, appear the molecular systematic that
compare the nuclead acid and other molecules to guessed the relationship and
evolutionary history.

http://artikelpengertianmakalah.blogspot.com/2015/05/teori-evolusi-dan-klasifikasi-
mahluk.html

● Organisms which share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base
sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor.
Because for example, when two organisms got test by DNA, the scientists will look at the
DNA sequences and if they have 16 STR (area) with the same comparison, we can say
that the two organisms share a more recent ancestor. Now scientists can also analyze
DNA to discover how closely organisms are related. Every living creature has DNA,
which has a lot of inherited information about how the body builds itself. Scientists can
compare the DNA of two organisms; the more similar the DNA, the more closely related
to the organisms. This method can also help when looks are deceptive. One example of
looks being deceptive is: The bat and the crow both have wings, and the squirrel does
 not. From this, one may think that bats and crows are more closely related than bats and
squirrels, while the opposite is indeed the case.

https://necsi.edu/similarities-among-living-
organisms

● Dichotomous key is a biological device (tool) which enables one to identify an organism
by progressively opting between two alternative observable characteristics. Keys consist
of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item.
"Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Dichotomous Key: is constructed using
contrasting characteristics to divide the organisms in the key into smaller and smaller
groups; each time a choice is made, a number of organisms are eliminated.

www.webquest.hawaii.edu/kahihi/sciencedictionary/D/dichotomous.php
https://oregonstate.edu/trees/dichotomous_key.html
https://www.enotes.com/...help/does-key-necessarily-have-dichotomous-explain-314573