Water

turbines

Pelton wheel

Francis turbine Kaplan turbine

Impulse vs. Reaction turbines
Pelton Wheel
(an impulse
turbine – no
static pressure
change across
the rotor)

Sprinkler
(a reaction turbine
– all the stage
static pressure
change is across
the rotor)
Dentist’s Drill (another impulse turbine)
Compressors
and pumps

Centrifugal compressor or pump

Mixed-flow pump

Axial-flow compressor or pump

Radial Flow Compressor (colors show
pressure)
Our Sr. Lab. Demo. Turbine Engine
Stationary Gas Turbine
Note pivot and actuator
for the variable inlet
guide vane
 Note cooled tips

Note film cooling holes

or afterburner
GE-90 Engine designed for the Boeing 777 thrust
is now about 115,000 Lbf (513 kN)
 Multiple (3) Shafts –
Trent 95,000 lbs Thrust LP System
1 Fan stage
IP System 5 Turbine stages
8 Compressor stages >3,000 rpm
1 Turbine stage
>7,500 rpm

HP System
6 Compressor stages
1 Turbine stage
>10,000 rpm

A Rolls-Royce Engine
Capstone Microturbines
Capstone
Microturbine
 Recuperator

Capstone 30 kW microturbine Capstone 60 kW microturbine

Regenerator
for Ford 707
truck engine
60’s
Ingersoll-Rand Microturbine
Tests with a new rotor of a micro-turbocharger for IHI.
Feasibility tests on small turbomachinery.
N = 870,000 rpm.
 Cooling channels
Internally-cooled Ceramic
turbine turbine

Radial-flow turbine to right has 90% efficiency,

with 6.5 expansion ratio.
 Computed secondary flow fields in a diffuser.

Three-dimensional views of the

compressor and grid details
 Vortex cores colored, red indicates
strong roll-up of streamwise vortex,
driven by the leakage flow.

Test impeller

Experiments and analysis on

a transonic compressor
impeller.
Cross section of inlet nozzle block, rotor group, bearings and
mounting unit of a micro-scale, fist-sized gas turbine. Created from
Si3N4 with Shaped Deposition Manufacturing (SDM).
Re = 33,500. Rotor Dia. = 12 mm.
Computation of the flow for a
mixed flow turbine and volute
Turbochargers
Cooling Fan
Horizontal-axis wind
Turbines
Research wind turbine at Rosemount, MN
used by U of M researchers
 A helical Darrieus turbine

Vertical-axis wind turbines

 Fig. 1.6 from Fluid
Dynamics and Heat
Transfer of
Space Turbomachinery,
Lakshminarayana
Shuttle
Main
Hydrogen
Engine
fuel pressure,
Liquid
40.8 MPa
Fuel
Pump
(above),
and
Inducer
(below).
Pump with
inducer for near-
cavitation
pumping
Inducer, with
cavitation
High pressure fuel turbopump for space shuttle main engine,
from National Geographic, March 1981
Double suction pump, Fig. 3 of Pump Handbook, Karassik, et al.
Francis Hydro Pump-Turbine

Head/delivery 401/410 m,
Pump/turbine output 275/312 MW
Impeller diameter 4.3 m
Kaplan Hydro-Turbine