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Set : A set is a collection of well defined objects which are distinct from each other
Set are generally denoted by capital letters A, B, C, .... etc. and the elements of the set by a, b, c .... etc.
If a is an element of a set A, then we write a A and say a belongs to A.
If a does not belong to A then we write a A,
e.g. The collection of first five prime natural numbers is a set containing the elements 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
Sol. (i) The collection of all months of a year beginning with the letter J is a well defined collection of objects because
one can definitely identify a month that belongs to thisv collection. Hence, this collection is a set.
(ii) The collection of ten most talented writers of India is not a well defined collection because the criteria for
determining a writer’s talent may vary from person to person. Hence, this collection is not a set.
(iii) The collection of all boys in your class is a well defined collection because you can definitely identify a boy
who belongs to this collection. Hence, this collection is a set.
(i) Roster Method or Tabular Method : In this method a set is described by listing elements, separated by
commas and enclose then by curly brackets. Note that while writing the set in roster form, an element is not generally
repeated e.g. the set of letters of word SCHOOL may be written as {S, C, H, O, L}.
Ex. Write the following sets in roster form:
(i) A = {x: x is an integer and –3 < x < 7}.
(ii) B = {x: x is a natural number less than 6}.
Sol. (i) A = {x: x is an integer and –3 < x < 7}
The elements of this set are –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 only.
Therefore, the given set can be written in roster form as
A = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(ii) B = {x : x is a natural number less than 6}
The elements of this set are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 only.
Therefore, the given set can be written in roster form as
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(ii) Set builder form (Property Method) : In this we write down a property or rule which gives us all the
element of the set.
A = {x : P(x)} where P(x) is the property by which x A and colon ( : ) stands for ‘such that’
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
Ex. Let A = {x : x R, |x| < 1] ; B = [x : x R, |x – 1| 1] and A B = R – D, then the set D is-
(A) [x : 1 < x 2] (B) [x : 1 x < 2] (C) [x : 1 x 2] (D) none of these
Sol. A = [x : x R, –1 < x < 1]
B = [ x : x R : x – 1 –1 or x – 1 1]
= [x : x R : x 0 or x 2]
A B = R – D
where D = [x : x R, 1 x < 2]
Thus (B) is the correct answer.
Venn Diagram
U U U U
A B A B A B A B
A–B B–A
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
Set : Set is a collection of well defined objects which are distinct from each other. Sets are usually denoted by
capital letters A, B, C,...... and elements are usually denoted by small letters a, b, c,......
If a is an element of a set A, then we write a A and say a belongs to A or a is in A or a is a member of A. If a does
not belongs to A, we write a A.
Standard Notations :
N : A set of natural numbers.
W : A set of whole numbers.
z : A set of integers.
+ –
Z /Z : A set of all positive/negative integers.
Q : A set of all rational numbers.
+ –
Q /Q : A set of all positive/negative rational numbers.
R : A set of real numbers.
+ –
R /R : A set of all positive/negative real numbers.
C : A set of all complex numbers.
Types of Sets
(i) Finite Set : A set containing finite number of elements or no element.
(ii) Cardinal Number of a Finite Set : The number of elements in a given finite set is called cardinal number of
finite set, denoted by n (A).
(iii) Infinite Set : A set containing finite number of elements.
(iv) Empty/Null/Void Set : A set containing no element, it is denoted by or {}.
(v) Singleton Set : A set containing a single element.
(vi) Equal Sets : Two sets A and B are said to be equal, if every element of A is a member of B and every element
of B is a member of A and we write A = B.
(vii) Equivalent Sets : Two sets are said to be equivalent, if they have same number of elements.
If n(A) =n(B), then A and B are equivalent sets.
(viii) Subset and Superset : Let A and B be two sets. If every element of A is an element of B, then A is called
subset of B and B is called superset of A.
Written as A B or B A
(ix) Finite Set : If A is a subset of B and A B, then A is called proper subset of B and we write A B.
(x) Universal Set (U) : A set consisting of all possible elements which occurs under consideration is called a
universal set.
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SETS AND RELATION
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1 Express set A = {x : x N and x = 2n for n N} in roster form.
Sol. A = {2, 4, 6,.........}
Ex. 3 Express set A = {2, 5, 10, 17, 26} in set builder form.
Sol. A = {x : x = n2 + 1, nN, 1 n 5}
Ex. 6 Two finite sets of have m and n elements respectively the total number of elements in power set of first set is 56 more
thatn the total number of elements in power set of the second set find the value of m and n respectively.
Sol. Number of elements in power set of 1st set = 2m
Number of elements in power set of 2nd set = 2n
Given 2m = 2n + 56
2m – 2n = 56 2n(2m – n – 1) = 23(23 – 1)
n = 3 and m = 6
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SETS AND RELATION
PART 1 SETS
10. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {6, 7} then A B' is-
(A) B' (B) A (C) A' (D) B.
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
Comprehension # 1
In a group of 1000 people, there are 750 people, who can speak Hindi and 400 people, who can speak Bengali.
Comprehension # 2
4. Relation R is equal to :
(A) {(1, 0), (1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 3)} (B) {(–3, 4), (–2, 3), (–1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 2)}
(C) {(4, –3), (3, –2), (2 –1), (1, 0), (2, 3)} (D) None of these
5. Domain of R is :
(A) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} (B) {1, 3, 4} (C) {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} (D) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
6. Range of R is
(A) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} (B) {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3} (C) {–4, –3, –1, –2, 0} (D) {–1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
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SETS AND RELATION
1. Write the set of all vowels in English alphabet which precede letter O.
2. Classify the following as a finite or infinite set :
(i) A = {x N : (x – 1) (x – 2) = 0} (ii) B = {x N : x is odd}
3. Write the following set by roster method : The set of all natural numbers ‘x’ such that 4x + 9 < 50.
4. Describe the following set by set property method {0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35}
5. Describe the following set by roster method the set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY.
6. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number of subsets of the first set is 56 more than the total
number of subsets of the second set. Find the values of m and n.
7. Which of the following are true ?
(i) If A = {1, 5, 5, 5}, B = {1, 3, 5}, then A B.
(ii) If A = {x : x3 – 1 = 0, x N}, B = {x : x2 – 4x + 3 = 0, x N} then A B.
8. Assume that P(A) = P(B). Prove that A = B.
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
1. Let R = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)} be a relation on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. The relation R is-
(A) transitive (B) not symmetric (C) reflexive (D) a function [AIEEE-2004]
2. Let R = {(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12) (6, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 6)} be relation on the set A = {3, 6, 9, 12}. Then the
relation R is [AIEEE - 2005]
(A) reflexive and transitive only (B) reflexive only
(C) an equilvalence relation (D) reflexive and symmetric only
3. Let W denote the words in the english dictionary. Define the relation R by : R = {(x, y) W × W | the words x and y
have at least one letter in common}. Then R is- [AIEEE - 2006]
(A) reflexive, symmetric and not transitive (B) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(C) reflexive, not symmetric and transitive (D) not reflexive, symmetric and transitive
4 The set S : {1, 2, 3, ...., 12} is to be partitioned into three sets A, B, C of equalsize.Thus A B C = S,
A B = B C = A C = . The number of ways to partition S is- [AIEEE - 2007]
3 4 3 4
(A) 12!/3!(4!) (B) 12!/3!(3!) (C) 12!/(4!) (D) 12!/(3!)
5. Let R be the real line. Consider the following subsets of the plane R × R [AIEEE-2008]
S = {(x, y) : y = x + 1 and 0 < x < 2}
T = {(x, y) : x – y is an integer}
Which one of the following is true ?
(A) T is an equivalence relation on R but S is not (B) Neither S nor T is an equivalence relation on R
(C) Both S and T are equivalence relations on R (D) S is an equivalence relation on R but T is not
6. If A, B and C are three sets such that A B = A C and A B = A C, then [AIEEE-2009]
(A) A = C (B) B = C (C) A B = (D) A = B
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11th Class Modules Chapter Details