National Institute of Technology Agartala

Name : Shayan Saha

Enrolment Number : 16UCE006
Branch : Civil Engineering
Semester : VII
Railway Engineering
 An integral branch of Civil Engineering dedicated for railways
 It deals with mainly three works of railways :
 Design
 Construction
 Maintenance
 Reason behind its work :
 Efficient movement of train.
Contents
 Rails
 Ballast
 Sleepers
 Crossing
 Switches
Rails
 Rolled steel sections
 Laid end to end in parallel lines over sleepers
 To form a Railway Track

Rails Railways
Functions of Rails
 Provides continuous and levelled surface.
 Bears stresses due
 Heavy vertical loads
 Lateral forces
 Breaking forces
 Thermal forces
 Keep the friction minimum in the point of
contact with the wheels.
Classification of Rails

Double Headed
(D.H. Rails)

Flat Footed Rails

Rails (F.F. Rails)

Bull Headed Rails

(B.H. Rails)
Double Headed Rails (D.H. Rails)
 Bicipital or have two heads
 Flanges are duplicates, so that when one is
worn the other may be turned uppermost.
Flat Footed Rails (F.F. Rails)
 The foot is rolled to flat
 It is also called Vignoles Rails (Named by the inventor
Charles Vignole)
Bull Headed Rails (B.H. Rails)
 The head dimensions are more as compared to the
foot dimensions.
 Head portions are thickened by adding more metals
 These rails require chairs for holding their positions
Ballast
 Ballast is the granular material usually broken stone
or bricks single and kanker, gravel and sand placed
and packed and around the sleeper to transmit Load
from sleeper to formation Layer.

 Size = 20mm – 65mm

Ballast materials
 Broken Stone
 Gravel
 Cinders / Ashes
 Sand
 Kankar
 Moorum
 Brick Ballast
Ballast
Sleepers
 Members laid transverse to the rails.
 Hold the rails in correct gauge and alignment.
 Provide firm and even support to the rails.
 Transfer load in a uniform way from rails to the area
of ballast.
 Provides longitudinal and lateral stability to the rail.
Types of Sleepers

Sleepers

Wooden Metal Concrete

Sleeper Sleeper Sleeper
Wooden Sleeper
Metal Sleeper
Concrete Sleeper
Crossing
 Portion of the track where two tracks crosses each
other at an angle.
 It provides two flange ways through which the flange
may move.
 In crossing, the flanged wheels of the train jump over
the gap from throat to nose.
Types of Crossing

Acute Angle

Shape Crossing Obtuse Angle

Crossing

Square

Spring
Assembly Crossing
Ramped
Switch Assembly
 Set of switch consist of four lead rails, the outer two
known as stock rails and inner two as switch or
tongue rails.
 Pair of tongue rails with thin stock rails are
commonly known as points.
 The thicker end of tapered rails known as heel and
the thinner end known as toe.
 Heel is fixed to the main track
 Toe is movable by means of which the flanged
wheels are diverted
Components of Switches
Pair of Stock Rails

Pair of Tongue Rails

Sliding Plates

Heel Block

Stretcher Bar

Gauge Tie Bar or Plate

Flangeway Clearance

Flangeway Depth

Heel Clearance or Heel Divergence

Flare

Throw Switch

Switch Angles
Thank you