The Bipolar Core

of Germanic Languages
Joannes Richter

Abstract
According to Ruth Benedict the indoctrination is inherited to the children who learn their mothers'
language or to be more precise their family's dialect. As soon as a baby is born it will be integrated
in this clan and follows the clan's rules.
In Germanic languages the keywords “wit” (for “we two”), the sky-gods “Tiw” and “Vut” and a
number of philosophical activities “witan”, “wita” and “to wit” obviously belonged to the local
family's dialects.
As a special feature the relevant runic symbols ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ for these keywords “wit” have been positioned
at the beginning of the Futharc alphabet. Therefore the Futharc runic alphabet also contains a
number of important keywords.
In the Gothic alphabet the author Ulfila, bishop of the Visigoths, inserted these relevant runic
symbols ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ in the standard alphabet A-B-G..., but took care to terminate the alphabet with a
special TUV-pattern, which may have been included to comfort the Germanic people for the loss of
their religion.
The well-known dual form “wit” / “wut” / “wat” in Germanic languages may have been based on
the Plato's creation legend of splitting a first human creature in 2 halves.
The keyword “wit” for the dual form had been shared by the definitions of “wisdom”, “witness”
and “wita” (“wise man”) and “witan” respectively “witenagemot”. Various words (“wiskunde”,
“weten”, “wissen”) in neighboring languages such as Dutch and German are also cognate to
“witan”.
“Wit” also may have been included in the names for “Tiw”, “Wodan”, “Witebi” (Whitby), “Wit”
(Wight), etc.
In Greek the dual form νώ, νῶϊ (“we two”) does not seem to be related to “wit”.
Homer's Iliad contains two words, νόος (nous, → English: mind) and νῶϊ (“we two”), which seem
to be correlating with two corresponding English words wit (mind) respectively the obsolete dual
form of the English personal pronoun wit (“we two”).
These words must be considered as fundamentals in a philosophical system. Since Homer's
composition of the Iliad the “Nous”-Concept has been studied by almost all philosophers including
Heraclitus, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Valentinus, Simon Magus,
Averroes, the Christian fathers … There can be no doubt the nous-concept has been a fundamental
theme for philosophy. Additionally the duel may be related to the dual form “we two”.
The alternative word wit (mind) is written and spoken as the dual form of the pronoun wit (“we
two”), but nobody seems to discover the analogy between both English words nor the correlation to
the Greek translations νόος (nous) for wit (mind) respectively νῶϊ (“we two”) for wit (“we two”).
An Introduction to Anthropology

“Our Cup is Broken”

A chief of the Digger Indians, as the Californians call them, talked to me a great deal
about the ways of his people in the old days. One day, without transition, he broke in
upon his descriptions of grinding mesquite and preparing corn soup. "In the beginning,"
he said, "God gave to every people a cup, a cup of clay, and from this cup they drank
their life. They all dipped in the water," he continued, "but their cups were different. Our
cup is broken now. It has passed away." Our Cup is Broken. Those things that had given
significance to the life of his people, the domestic rituals of eating, the obligations of the
economic system, the succession of ceremonials in the villages, possession in the bear
dance, their standards of right and wrong -- these were gone, and with them, the shape
and meaning of their life.

-- Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture,

Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture (1934)1, a standard reading in American anthropology courses
for decades, descibes how each society applies cultural conditioning to indoctrinate its own culture,
race, religions, and customs.
Ruth Benedict2 argues for the importance of culture in analyzing not only behavior but the
underlying values and thought processes that lead to such behaviors.
The cultural patterns that each society develops, she argues, correspond to the
underlying values that guide proper attitudes and are revealed in every aspect of life,
including language, daily activities such as cooking, and rituals.

Beginning in infancy, even “baby talk” is culturally marked and, Benedict emphasizes,
inescapable: no human being grows up without culture.

Equally important, such features are not carried in any “germ-cell”; that is, “culture is
not...biologically transmitted.” Rather than a random assortment of traits, however,
cultures may be sorted in to patterns, and not only the external manifestations but
interior states are culturally derived. In the last regard, Benedict was a key figure in the
“culture and personality” studies that emphasized psychology.3

Language is used as a tool to manage the symbiotic relationship between the individual and society.
Individuals get their culture, beliefs, and education from society, and in turn, society requires
individuals to adhere to those rules in order to exist.
Benedict chastises Americans for cultural intolerance and blames a rigid, hyper-
conformist society lacking in empathy for creating psychopaths who are unable to find a
sense of belonging. She argues that cultural relativity is needed in order to challenge
paradigms to arrive at a more tolerant, inclusive, and self-aware existence.4

1 Patterns of Culture (1934) by Ruth Benedict (SuperSummary)

2 the name under which the author usually published
3 "Patterns of Culture - Summary" eNotes Publishing Ed. eNotes Editorial. eNotes.com, Inc. eNotes.com 13 Aug,
2019 <http://www.enotes.com/topics/patterns-culture#summary-summary-851247>
4 Patterns of Culture Summary | SuperSummary
Man, Adam and I
According to Ruth Benedict the indoctrination is inherited to the children who learn their mothers'
language or to be more precise their family's dialect. As soon as a baby is born it will be integrated
in this clan and follows the clan's rules.
A great number of clans such as Zuñi, Dene, Kiowa simply name themselves in their dialect
“Man”. Whoever lives outside the clan is considered an alien, a “No-Man”. According to
Ruth Benedict early clans never considered mankind as a community and themselves as
members of this community.
The Maidu are a Native American people of northern California. They reside in the central
Sierra Nevada, in the watershed area of the Feather and American rivers. They also reside in
Humbug Valley. In Maiduan languages, Maidu means "man".
In early ages there are examples of outcast children who grew up in the wilderness. The similarity
in their behavior motivated Carl von Linné (1707–1778)5 to categorize these outcasts as a special
species named homo ferus6. Also experiments with outcast children have been reported:
The historian Herodotus wrote that Egyptian pharaoh Psammetichus I (Psamtik) sought to
discover the origin of language by conducting an experiment with two children.
Language usually concentrates on a subset of 3 or 4 phonetic elements, which precisely may be
understood in a clan's dialect. In neighboring areas such as English, French and German these
subsets may be chosen so different, that communictation is impossible.
Apart from “Man” early words for the ego-pronoun “I” have been defined as “Adam 7” (in Old-
Persian) and “Man” (in Persian and Iranian)8.

Fig. 1: The example translates as "I".

The word separator is in purple.
From: Ancient Scripts: Old Persian
created by Lawrence K Lo
usage: → ancientscripts.com

There is a record of a small inscription in Morghab (southwestern Iran) on which there is the
sentence (adam kūruš xšāyaƟiya haxāmanišiya) in Old Persian meaning (I am Cyrus the
Achaemenian King), which also illustrates the use of “adam” (“I):9
Therefore “Adam”, “I” and “Man” belong to the keywords which locally may have been defined to
indoctrinate the children to grow up as social citizens. In an optimized environment some of the
keywords may have been concentrated at the beginning or end of the alphabets.

5 Homo Ferus - DeAcademic

6 A feral child (also called wild child) is a human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young
age, and so has had little or no experience of human care, behavior or human language.
7 Notes to the Cuneiform Old-Persian Scripture | Persian Language ..
8 Swadesh list (and more) of Indoeuropean languages - Google Docs
9 Cyrus (name) in Cuneiform documented in Ancient Scripts: Old Persian
The synchronisation of Creation Legends
Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture describes the common strategies to raise children and motivate
the members of a social community to optimize and stabilize cooperation. The rites and legends
share some common cores, but the languages may develop their own methods, words and alphabets.
The Germanic and Greek philosophies may have shared ideas which had been founded on similar
concepts such as “we two”, “witan” and “Vut”, respectively “Tiw”. In Greek language the words
had been chosen as νῶι, νῶ (“we two”), respectively νόος (nous, → English: mind).
These ideas must have been discussed in Celtic trading posts, where Greek trading agents met their
Celtic partners, who around 500BC have been known to have discussed philosophical theories in
their Symposiums. The evidence for such Symposiums may be found in the excavations of The
Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave (dated 530 BC in the Hallstatt culture period) and similar graves such
as the graves near the Heuneburg and the Vix Grave, in France. In the graves several objects refer to
the contacts with Greek traders.
The Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave is described as follows:
A man, roughly 40 years of age and 6 ft 2 in (187 cm) tall, was laid out on an exceptionally
richly decorated 9 ft (275 cm) bronze recliner with eight wheels inside the burial chamber.
Judging by other objects found there, this man probably had been a Celtic chieftain: He had
been buried with a gold-plated torc on his neck, a bracelet on his right arm, a hat made of
birch bark, a gold-plated dagger made of bronze and iron, rich clothing, amber jewelry, a
razor knife, a nail clipper, a comb, fishing hooks, arrows, and most notably, thin embossed
gold plaques which were on his now-disintegrated shoes. At the foot of the couch was a
large cauldron decorated with three lions around the brim. This cauldron was originally
filled with about 100 gallons (400 l) of mead. The east side of the tomb contained an iron-
plated wooden four-wheeled wagon holding a set of bronze dishes—along with the drinking
horns found on the walls enough to serve nine people10.
The Heuneburg is described as follows:
The fortified citadel measures about 300 by 150 m. It stood on a strategically positioned
mountain spur that rises steeply 40m above the Danube. It is at the centre of a fertile river
plain, surrounded by rolling hill country11.
The Vix Grave in France is dscribed as follows:
During the sixth and fifth centuries BC, the Vix (or Mont Lassois) settlement appears to
have controlled a major trading node, where the Seine, an important riverine transport route
linking eastern and western France, crossed the land route leading from the Mediterranean to
northern Europe. Additionally, Vix is at the centre of an agriculturally rich plain12.

10 Source: The Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave

11 Source: Heuneburg
12 Source: Vix Grave
A most popular philosophical theme for the Celtic and Greek traders
At the era of tradings between the Celts and Greeks (at the Hochdorf Site (dated 530 BC in the
Hallstatt culture period, the Heuneburg and the Vix Grave) both partner groups preferred the duels
between two persons.
A duel is an arranged engagement in combat between two people, with matched weapons, in
accordance with agreed-upon rules. The duel was based on a code of honor13.
Champion warfare refers to a type of battle, most commonly found in the epic poetry and myth of
ancient history, in which the outcome of the conflict is determined by single combat, an individual
duel between the best soldiers ("champions") from each opposing army.
Champion warfare can also refer to a battle in which armies actually engage, but champions within
the armies fight so effectively as to single-handedly carry the sway of battle, such as in the Iliad.14
The duel may be related to the dual form “we two”. This may have been the most popular shared
philosophical theme for the Celtic and Greek traders in the symposiums.
The duality may have been considered the ideal for interactions between people, which included
discussions, trading, warfare, raising children and cooperation.

13 Source: duel
14 Source: Champion warfare
The architecture of the alphabets
Greek and Latin alphabets and ancient Ugaritic alphabet seem to have been founded on a dedicated
fundament of vowels.
The first letter of these alphabets may be the principal vowel “ A”, which is generated by blowing
the breath through a wide-open vocal tract.
Some stages of the alphabets also may be terminated by another vowel such as the Greek omega
(Ω) or in Latin the “U”, respectively “V” or “Υ”.
The Ugaritic alphabet is terminated with a “ u”, which is located at the terminal position V (and U)
of the Old Latin alphabet. The Greek alphabet also contains a “Υ” but terminates with a Ω.
The comparison between both alphabets now suggests to correlate the letters H, Θ and I of
the Greek alphabet with the letters ḩ, ṭ, y the Ugaritic alphabet.
At the location of the Θ the Latin alphabet the Latin alphabet positioned an I, whereas the
Greek Jota left a J in the Latin alphabet where the Ugaritic alphabet located a “y”.
In the Old-Greek alphabet the H represented the sound /h/, but later the Η or η (èta, æ)
turned into a phoneme /E:/.

Ugaritic alphabet a b γ d h ḩ ṭ yk l m n p q r s t u
Greek alphabet AΒΓΔΕ FΖHΘIΚΛΜΝ OΠ ΡΣΤ Υ Χ Ω
Old Latin A DE F H IK MN O S V
Latin alphabet abcd e fgh i j k l mn o pqrstuvwxyz
Dutch alphabet abcd e fgh i j k l mn o p q r s t u v w x y z ij
Table 1 Comparison table of the Ugaritic alphabet with Greek, Latin and Dutch alphabets
The original structure of these alphabets seems to have been derived from the Ugaritic alphabet.
Some of these concepts may have existed before the Gothic bishop Ulfila developed the Gothic
alphabet.
Apart from the vowel stuctures a - y- u structure in the Ugaritic alphabet, the A-E-H-I-O-Y-Ω
vowel pattern of the Greek alphabet and the A-E-H-I-O-V structure in Old Latin no special patterns
of words seem to be included.
The basic vowels a, i, u in the Old Persian a - y- u vowel structure also may be identified at the
beginning of the Old-Persian alphabet:

2: The vowels A, I and U in Ancient

Scripts: Old Persian

The U in Old Persian does contain a large corner wedge (shaped like “<”). This may have been a
marker for special cuneiform characters for T, Z, Th (Θ), Δ, Ð in the Ugaritic alphabet. These letters
may have been reserved for the divine names in Germanic religions.
The Ugaritic alphabet15
The city-state of Ugarit (~1350 BCE–1200 BCE), equipped with an international harbor, has been
identified as one of the first locations in which a cuneiform alphabet had been developed. This late
Bronze Age alphabet contained 30 characters, 27 for consonants, 3 for the vowels a i o, which is a
remarkable feature for a Semitic system.
The following table marks the vowels green, the letters with the large wedge red and the s2-
character blue:

3 The Ugaritic alphabet based on the alphabet in Ancient Scripts:

Ugaritic
Another remarkable feature is the ABG-structure in this ancient Ugaritic alphabet, which in large
segments exactly seems to match the corresponding sections of the Latin alphabet, including the
vowels A, E, I, O, U. This is a remarkable theme, because we are supposed to have inherited our
alphabet from the Phoenician people, who designed an alphabet without vowels.16
In the Ugaritic alphabet the signs with a corner wedge (the “large wedge”) are identified as:
ḥ (ħ), ṭ, š (“sch”), d (ð, "th” ), ẓ (θ, "th”), z, ', q, t (θ, "th”), ġ (γ)
and depending on the documentation also the s 2-character. In the above table these letters are
marked red.
With the help of the three basic archaic vowels A, I, U these 9 or 10 symbols seemed to be preferred
for the divine names such as Dyaus, Dius, Sius17, Tius, Zius, etc..
15 (PDF) Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
16 The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
17 The Proclamation of Anittas (Old Hittite)
A few letters may be considered as symbolic equivalents:
ṭ, d (ð, "th” ), ẓ (θ, "th”), z, t (θ, "th”).
Dyaus is considered as a root for Jupiter (Latin), Zeus Patér (Zευς πατήρ, Ancient Greek), Tius or
Zio (Old High German), Sius (the Hittite god) and Toutiks dipater (South Picene), all of which like
Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ mean 'sky father'. The symbolic equivalents T, Z, Th (Θ), Δ, Ð may be needed to adapt
the spelling of the regional divine names. This symbolism may have been inherited to the Germanic
languages.

Comparing the Ugaritic, Greek, Latin and Dutch alphabets

In his translation from Greek to Gothic bishop Ulfila obviously positioned the symbol “Theta” (ᚦ)
at position 10 between the H and the I.
After inserting the Ugaritic alphabet in the following table we may observe how correct the Y
belongs at the position #10.
In the Dutch alphabet the long “ij” character may match to the key-element in the y in the Ugaritic
alphabet respectively the “j” in the modern Latin and the “I” (“yod”) in the Greek alphabets.

Keyword
ᚠᚢᚦ (f,u,þ) ᚦ ᚢ ᚠ
Insertion ↓ ↓ ↓
Vowels Α Ε Η Ι
j Υ Ω
Gothic alphabet Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ϛ Ζ Η Φ Ψ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν G ᚢ Π Ϙ R S, Τ Υ Ϝ ΧΘ
Ω Ͳ
ϰ ᛃ Σ F ᛟ Ϡ
Transliteration a b g d e q z h þ i k l m n j u p q r s t w f x ƕ o
↓ ↓ ↓
Greek alphabet AΒΓΔ Ε F ΖH Θ I ΚΛΜΝ OΠ Ρ Σ Τ Υ Χ Ω
Old Latin A DE F H I K MN O S V
Latin alphabet a bcd e f gh i j k l mn op q r s t u v w x y z
Ugaritic ABC a bγd h ϝ Zḩ ṭ yk l mn Ҁp q r s t u
Numeric value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Gothic alphabet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 2 The concept for the Gothic alphabet by Ulfila, bishop of the Visigoths
The TUV- respectively TYF- pattern in the alphabets
Another strange pattern may be found at the TUV-section, which is highlighted in the following
table.
At the time of Wulfila's insertions this TUV-section may have formed the trailing sector of the
alphabet.

In forward and reversed reading modes the TUV-pattern also matches the runic expression ᚦᚢᚠ,
which may represent the Germanic words “Tuw” for the deity “Tiw” and “Vut” for the deity
“Wutan”.
Keyword
ᚠᚢᚦ (f,u,þ) ᚦ ᚢ ᚠ
Insertion ↓ ↓ ↓
Vowels Α Ε Η j Ι Υ Ω
Gothic alphabet Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ϛ Ζ Η Φ Ψ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν G ᚢ Π Ϙ R S, Τ Υ Ϝ ΧΘ
Ω Ͳ
ϰ ᛃ Σ F ᛟ Ϡ
Transliteration a b g d e q z h þ i k l m n j u p q r s t w f x ƕ o
↓ ↓ ↓
Greek alphabet AΒΓΔ Ε F ΖH Θ I ΚΛΜΝ OΠ Ρ Σ Τ Υ Χ Ω
Old Latin A DE F H I K MN O S V
Latin alphabet a bcd e f gh i j k l mn op q r s t u v w x y z
Ugaritic ABC a bγd h ϝ Zḩ ṭ yk l mn Ҁp q r s t u
Numeric value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Gothic alphabet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 3 The TUV-pattern in the concept for the Gothic alphabet by Ulfila, bishop of the Visigoths

The Kylver Stone18

In Germanic language the runic alphabet may have been designed as an initial keyword ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ
(“wuth” or “futh”) to be followed by a standard AIΩ-pattern structure ᚨ..... ᛈ.... ᛟ

Iᚢᚦ--ᚨᚱᚲᚷIᚺᚾᛁᛃᛈᛇᛉᛊᛏᛒᛖᛗᛚᛜᛞᛟ
Futhark-alphabet with a header Iᚢᚦ (1:1 copied from the Kylver stone)

ᚠᚢᚦ--ᚨᚱᚲᚷᚹᚺᚾᛁᛃᛈᛇᛉᛊᛏᛒᛖᛗᛚᛜᛞᛟ
Futhark-alphabet with a header Fᚢᚦ (from the Kylver stone, but “repaired” at ᚠ and ᚹ)
The AIΩ-vowels in the “ᚨᚱᚲᚷ…ᚺᚾᛁᛃᛈᛇᛉᛊᛏᛒᛖᛗᛚᛜᛞᛟ”-body have been highlighted. We may easily
identify the Ω-structure of the terminating letter “O”, which obviously has been copied from the
Greek alphabet. The letters A, I, Ω are also used in ιαω, an early Greek form of the tetragrammaton,
or name of God and in Iao (Gnosticism), an archon corresponding to Jupiter.

18 The Decoding of the Kylver Stone Runes

The Germanic Concept of Duality
The linguist Morris Swadesh 1909 – 1967) starts the concept of the Final Swadesh list (1971) with
the 3 personal pronouns “I”, “You” and “We”:
1. I (Pers.Pron.1.Sg.)
2. you (2.sg! 1952 thou & ye)
3. we (1955: inclusive)
Unfortunately the more or less extinct, abandoned, respectively forgotten dual forms of the personal
pronouns are absent in the Swadesh lists.
Also the names for the bipolar sky-gods, which often are cognate to some of the personal pronouns,
are missing. Of course the most important divine names should be included in the Swadesh lists.
Samples for these kinships are the Provencal Diéu and iéu and Italian Dio and io, which are
documented in The Hermetic Codex II: (Bipolar Monotheism).
These relations however could not be found in the concepts of Germanic languages, in which the
dual forms “wit” (“we two”) of the personal pronouns seemed to be ruling the most important
words in the ancient vocabulary. According to Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm in their German Dictionary
the dual form “wit” might have been created by adding a “t” (for “two”) to the plural form “we”19.
The dual form “wit” correlates to “witan20” and probably “Wotan”. The reversed form “Tiw” may
be cognate to “wit”, “wit” and “Wotan”.

Tuisto
Some Germanic deities (such as Tuisto) seemed to have been considered as dual characters.
According to Tacitus's Germania (AD 98), Tuisto (or Tuisco) is the legendary divine ancestor of the
Germanic peoples.
The Germania manuscript corpus contains two primary variant readings of the name. The most
frequently occurring, Tuisto, is commonly connected to the Proto-Germanic root *twai – "two" and
its derivative *twis – "twice" or "doubled", thus giving Tuisto the core meaning "double". Any
assumption of a gender inference is entirely conjectural, as the tvia/tvis roots are also the roots of
any number of other concepts/words in the Germanic languages. Take for instance the Germanic
"twist", which, in all but the English has the primary meaning of "dispute/conflict".[a]
The second variant of the name, occurring originally in manuscript E, reads Tuisco. One proposed
etymology for this variant reconstructs a Proto-Germanic *tiwisko and connects this with Proto-
Germanic *Tiwaz, giving the meaning "son of Tiu". This interpretation would thus make Tuisco the
son of the sky-god (Proto-Indo-European *Dyeus) and the earth-goddess.[1] 21

19 neben der pluralform steht im älteren germ. der dual wit (t ist angehängte zweizahl) 'wir beide', vgl. got. ags. asächs.
wit, anord. vit (viþ), der sich auf deutschem boden nur im nordfries. erhalten hat, sonst durch den plural ersetzt und
schon ahd. nicht mehr bezeugt ist; vgl. lit. vèd. (wir, pron. In Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm
Grimm
20 From Old English witan, plural of wita (“wise man”).
21 Etymology - 1.1 Tuisto, Tvastar & Ymir (Wikipedia)
The old religion in Symposium
In his famous dialogue “Symposium” the author Plato describes an old religion, in which the
first human beings have been created as circular beings, composed as male & male, male &
female and female & female.
Terrible was their might and strength, and the thoughts of their hearts were great, …and they
dared to scale heaven and would have laid hands upon the gods. Therefore Zeus had to split
them up in individual persons.
After the division, the two parts of man, each desiring his other half, came together.
reuniting our original nature, making one of the two, and healing the state of man.
Each of us when separated is but the indenture of a man, and we are always looking for our
other half…
When one of us finds our other half…we are lost in an amazement of love and friendship
and intimacy, and one will not be out of the other’s sight.
And the reason is that human nature was originally one and we were a whole, and the desire
and pursuit of the whole is called love. 22
The well-known dual form “wit” / “wut” / “wat” in Germanic languages may have been based on
the Plato's creation legend of splitting a first human creature in 2 halves.
The keyword “wit” for the dual form had been shared by the definitions of “wisdom”, “witness”
and “wita” (“wise man”) and “witan” respectively “witenagemot”. Various words (“wiskunde”,
“weten”, “wissen”) in neighboring languages such as Dutch and German are also cognate to
“witan”.
“Wit” also may have been included in the names for “Tiw”, “Wodan”, “Witebi” (Whitby), “Wit”
(Wight), etc.

Comparing the relation between “wit” and “νῶι”, “νῶ”

I noticed two remarkable forms of the personal “ego”-pronouns (“I”) in the case of:
• the singular form: ἰώ (iṓ), ἱών (hiṓn) – for Boeotian dialect
• the dual form: νῶι, νῶ - translated from Greek to English : → we two, both of us.23
In Greek the dual form νώ, νῶϊ (“we two”) does not seem to be related to “wit”.

22 Aristophanes' speech from Plato's Symposium

23 The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
The etymology of nosotros and vosotros
Other mediterranean languages are provided with expressions like nosotros and vosotros which may
be related to a dual form “noi”.24
Studying the dual form νῶϊ [“noi”, “we two”; the epic form of νώ (nṓ, “we two”)] of the Greek
personal pronoun of the first person I compared the epic form νῶϊ with the modern words “noi”
(“we”) in various Mediterranean languages. The dual form νῶϊ is found in the Ilias Δ 418-section of
Homer's epic composition.
In a great number of Mediterranean languages we may identify the plural forms noi and voi of
personal pronouns for the 1st resp. 2nd person as variants of Latin nos (“we”) and vos („you all”).
Some of these languages has been influenced by the imports of Hellenic colonists in the 8th, 7th and
6th century BC and subsequently by Roman conquerors or traders.
Originally Latin merely differentiated between a singular “tu” and the plural “vos”, in which no
dual form nor a formal “polite” form existed.
Instead of the Roman sources nos we may also identify the imported Greek dual form νῶϊ (noi, “we
two”) as a source for the Mediterranean personal pronouns for the 1st person.
In the course of time the Mediterranean languages lost the dual form and used noi and voi as
common plurals, which eventually were to be extended by an extra redundant symbol „-otros” („-
others”). This is the same mechanism, which occurred in Iceland by defining the archaic dual
pronoun Við (originally “we two”) as the modern plural form.
Portuguese (at the Atlantic coast), Romansh (Alpine Switzerland) and Walloon (Belgium) probably
never have been influenced from the language of the Hellenic colonists. These remote regions may
never have felt the impact of the dual form and did not introduce noi, voi or nos-”others”,
respectively vos-”others”.
In contrast Italian, Dalmatian, and Sicilian belonged to the languages near or in the Hellenic
colonies and have been equipped with pronouns such as noi, noialtri, respectively voi, voialtri.

24 Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
Notes to the Philosophical “Nous”-Concept 25
Homer's Iliad contains two words, νόος (nous, → English: mind) and νῶϊ (“we two”), which seem
to be correlating with two corresponding English words wit (mind) respectively the obsolete dual
form of the English personal pronoun wit (“we two”).
These words must be considered as fundamentals in a philosophical system. Since Homer's
composition of the Iliad the “Nous”-Concept has been studied by almost all philosophers including
Heraclitus, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Valentinus, Simon Magus,
Averroes, the Christian fathers … There can be no doubt the nous-concept has been a fundamental
theme for philosophy.
The alternative word wit (mind) is written and spoken as the dual form of the pronoun wit (“we
two”), but nobody seems to discover the analogy between both English words nor the correlation to
the Greek translations νόος (nous) for wit (mind) respectively νῶϊ (“we two”) for wit (“we two”).
The English words wit (mind) and wit (“we two”) may be identified in the first 3 letters of the runic
Futhorc-alphabet.
The French word nous both translates to the plural “we” and the Greek nous as the (divine) reason
in philosophy.
In the context of the four correlating words (νόος, νῶϊ and 2 x wit) the dual form seemed to have
played a mayor role in the joined European or even global philosophical system. The dual form
belonged to the archaic nous-concept.

25 Notes to the Philosophical “Nous”-Concept

The Days of the Week
There must be a reason for the English population to use capital letters to describe their Days of the
Week. Another word which is written un uppercase letters is the ego-pronoun “I” (which in
Wycliffe's Bible also has been written as “Y”). Of course these words belonged to the sacred objects
in pagan Germanic societies.
The Germanic pantheon contains 7 divine names symbolizing the so-called “planets” or wandering
“stars”, which are represented by the names of the days of the week: the Sun's day, Moon's day,
Tiw's day, Wodan's day, Thor's day, Fríge's day and Saturn's day.

Tiw, Wotan, Thor, Rod

Four of the five real planets (Mars = Tiw, Mercury = Wodan, Jupiter = Thor, Saturn = Rod) in the
days of the week may have been integrated in ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱ or ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ (Futhorc). Only one name (referring
to the goddess Fríge and Friday) cannot be correlated in ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ.
It is well-known that the Saturday may not represent a Germanic god. In contrast the Latin name
“Saturn” may be related to a legendary “Krodo” and/or “Rod”. Rod (Polish, Slovenian, Croatian:
Rod, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian Cyrillic: Род, Ukrainian Cyrillic: Рід) is a conception
of supreme God of the universe and of all its gods in Slavic Native Faith (Rodnovery)26.
The name Thor is a horizontally mirrored or reciprocal form of Rod. Rod may also be related to the
symbolic “root” of the Roman pedigree Saturn → Jupiter → Mars.
The 15th-century Saxon Chronicle attests that "Krodo” (“Rodu”) was worshipped also by Saxon
tribes, who inhabited modern-day northern and eastern Germany together with West Slavic tribes.
[6] 27.

26 The "Rod"-Core in Slavic Etymology

27 The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
The Keywords in the Runic Dictionary28
In A Concept for a Runic Dictionary the keywords have been categorized in an overview:

Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ) in Forward Reading Mode

The following 30 entries (H01-H62)

*fehu witan við Fut Vidvut Widukind

*thurisaz wite Ƿid / við fut Vides Vidovit
*ansuz witan vid / wit Fut [1873] Ƿidland wis / wise
vitha vet við Fout’ Víðarr wiskunde
*vid / *vit vida fut Vut or Vutt St. Vitus wizard

Including the 3 entries (H13a,b,c) for witan:

witenagemot Witebi (Whitby) Wit (Wight)

Relevant categories of F*þ-words in the Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ

The following 10 entries (H71-H80) are words matching to the F*þ-pattern:

To feed up father foster wude butt fetter

fat food, fodder wod, woad, fodr, fud futter

Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ) in Backward Reading Mode

The following 16 entries (R10-R60) are words matching to the F*þ-pattern in Backward Reading Mode:

TiwTuw Tuesday tow twee twine Odin

Teiws Ziischtig touw zwei twijn
Ziu / Zîo tíwesdæg two Tuihanti Zwirn

A-I-Ω Body section (ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ….) in Forward & Backward Reading Mode

The following 13 entries (B01 - B13) are words matching to the body section:

*ansuz *ī(h)waz/ *sōwilō *mannaz *ōþila-/*ōþala- Rod

ash *ei(h)waz *tīwaz *ingwaz Þor Crodo

28 (PDF) A Concept for a Runic Dictionary

Conclusion
According to Ruth Benedict the indoctrination is inherited to the children who learn their mothers'
language or to be more precise their family's dialect. As soon as a baby is born it will be integrated
in this clan and follows the clan's rules.
In Germanic languages the keywords “wit” (for “we two”), the sky-gods “Tiw” and “Vut” and a
number of philosophical activities “witan”, “wita” and “to wit” obviously belonged to the local
family's dialects.
As a special feature the relevant runic symbols ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ for these keywords “wit” have been positioned
at the beginning of the Futharc alphabet. Therefore the Futharc runic alphabet also contains a
number of important keywords.
In the Gothic alphabet the author Ulfila, bishop of the Visigoths, inserted these relevant runic
symbols ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ in the standard alphabet A-B-G..., but took care to terminate the alphabet with a
special TUV-pattern, which may have been included to comfort the Germanic people for the loss of
their religion.
The well-known dual form “wit” / “wut” / “wat” in Germanic languages may have been based on
the Plato's creation legend of splitting a first human creature in 2 halves.
The keyword “wit” for the dual form had been shared by the definitions of “wisdom”, “witness”
and “wita” (“wise man”) and “witan” respectively “witenagemot”. Various words (“wiskunde”,
“weten”, “wissen”) in neighboring languages such as Dutch and German are also cognate to
“witan”.
“Wit” also may have been included in the names for “Tiw”, “Wodan”, “Witebi” (Whitby), “Wit”
(Wight), etc.
In Greek the dual form νώ, νῶϊ (“we two”) does not seem to be related to “wit”.
Homer's Iliad contains two words, νόος (nous, → English: mind) and νῶϊ (“we two”), which seem
to be correlating with two corresponding English words wit (mind) respectively the obsolete dual
form of the English personal pronoun wit (“we two”).
These words must be considered as fundamentals in a philosophical system. Since Homer's
composition of the Iliad the “Nous”-Concept has been studied by almost all philosophers including
Heraclitus, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Valentinus, Simon Magus,
Averroes, the Christian fathers … There can be no doubt the nous-concept has been a fundamental
theme for philosophy. Additionally the duel may be related to the dual form “we two”.
The alternative word wit (mind) is written and spoken as the dual form of the pronoun wit (“we
two”), but nobody seems to discover the analogy between both English words nor the correlation to
the Greek translations νόος (nous) for wit (mind) respectively νῶϊ (“we two”) for wit (“we two”).
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
An Introduction to Anthropology.........................................................................................................2
“Our Cup is Broken”........................................................................................................................2
Man, Adam and I.........................................................................................................................3
The synchronisation of Creation Legends.......................................................................................4
A most popular philosophical theme for the Celtic and Greek traders ...........................................5
The architecture of the alphabets..........................................................................................................6
The Ugaritic alphabet.......................................................................................................................7
Comparing the Ugaritic, Greek, Latin and Dutch alphabets ...........................................................8
The TUV- respectively TYF- pattern in the alphabets.....................................................................9
The Kylver Stone.............................................................................................................................9
The Germanic Concept of Duality.....................................................................................................10
Tuisto.............................................................................................................................................10
The old religion in Symposium.................................................................................................11
Comparing the relation between “wit” and “νῶι”, “νῶ”...........................................................11
The etymology of nosotros and vosotros.......................................................................................12
Notes to the Philosophical “Nous”-Concept ............................................................................13
The Days of the Week....................................................................................................................14
Tiw, Wotan, Thor, Rod..............................................................................................................14
The Keywords in the Runic Dictionary..............................................................................................15
Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ) in Forward Reading Mode.................................................15
Relevant categories of F*þ-words in the Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ .....................................................15
Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ) in Backward Reading Mode....................................................15
A-I-Ω Body section (ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ….) in Forward & Backward Reading Mode.....................................15
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................16
Appendix 1 - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ) in Forward Reading Mode...............................18
Derivations of Witan......................................................................................................................19
Appendix 2 - Relevant categories of F*þ-words in the Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ...................................20
Appendix 3 - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ) in Backward Reading Mode.................................21
Appendix 4 - A-I-Ω Body section (ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ….) in For- & Backward Reading Mode..........................22
Appendix 5 – Overview of the published papers of Joannes Richter at Academia.edu.....................23
Appendix 1 - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ) in Forward Reading Mode
Source: A Concept for a Runic Dictionary.

Sect. Root Translation Meaning Source Source link

H 01 ᚠ *fehu wealth, cattle, Frey (Lord) Futhark Elder Futhark
H 02 ᚦ *thurisaz thyth < þiuþ "good" Futhark Elder Futhark
"the god Thor, giant"
H 03 ᚨ *ansuz Odin Futhark Elder Futhark
H 11 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ vitha Runes West Slavs Hanuš 1842, p. 381
H 12 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ *vid / *vit image / side / facet West Slavs Hanuš 1842, p. 381
H 13 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ witan f. wita (“wise man”) Wiktionary witan (Old English)
H 14 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ wite to guard, to accuse Wiktionary wijten (Dutch)
H 15 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ witan To wit, to know Wiktionary Witan (Old Dutch)
H 21 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ vet Ever, eternal vetgrønster vida Mythology / Ash tree
H 22 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ vida Tree vetgrønster vida Mythology / Ash tree
H 31 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ við cord, band, fetter withe; collar Við (Old Norse)
H 32 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Ƿid / við “we two” (dual) From Old Norse vit, ƿit Old
vid / wit with (Originally: against) the 1st person dual English/Pronouns
pers. pronoun Við (Icelandic)
H 33 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ við Against (viðr) viðr (against) viðr (Old Norse)
H 41 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ fut "God's foot" (oath) 1602, Shakespeare Fut (English)
H 42 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Fut Vulva Dictionary (Grimm) Fut (Deutsch)
H 43 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ fut Vitality Etymologiebank fut (Dutch)
H 44 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Fut [1873] Sperm Etymologiebank Fut (West-Flemish)
H 45 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Fout’ Sperm (Fr. v. foutre) Etymologiebank Fut (→ French)
H 51 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Vut ot Vutt “Idol” (for Grisons) Teut. Mythology p. 829 in Teut. Myth.
H 52 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Vidvut Vodan of the Vides Teut. Mythology p. 829 in Teut. Myth.
H 53 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Vides Lettons/Latvians (?) Teut. Mythology p. 829 in Teut. Myth.
H 54 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Ƿidland Vidland (Åland Isl.) Google Maps Vidland (Åland Isl.)
Vidland, Finland Vidland, Finland
H 55 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ Víðarr name of a god Wiktionary Víðarr (Old Norse)
H 56 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ St. Vitus Christian saint Wikipedia St. Vitus from Sicily
H 57 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Widukind leader of the Saxons Wikipedia Widukind (Saxony)
H 58 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ Vidovit Clairvoyant/visionary Dictionary Vidovit (Slavic)
H 60 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ wis / wise Known, seen, certain Wiktionary wis
H 61 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ wiskunde29 mathematics (Dutch) Wikipedia (NL) Wiskunde
H 62 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ wizard A wise man; a sage Wiktionary wizard

Table 4: Runic Dictionary - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ) in Forward Reading Mode

29 Thanks to Simon Stevin the Dutch language got its proper scientific vocabulary such as "wiskunde" ("kunst van het
gewisse of zekere" the art of what is known or what is certain) for mathematics (source: Simon Stevin)
Derivations of Witan
Source: A Concept for a Runic Dictionary.

Section Runic Translation Meaning Source Source link

Root
H 13 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ witan f. wita (“wise man”) Wiktionary witan (Old English)
H 13a ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ witenagemot "meeting of wise men"
H 13b ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ Witebi (Whitby) "habitation of witan" Wikipedia Whitby
H 13c ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ Wit (Wight) "habitation of witan" Wikipedia Etymology (Isle of
Wight)
Table 5 Runic Dictionary - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ) in Forward Reading Mode
Appendix 2 - Relevant categories of F*þ-words in the Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ
Source: A Concept for a Runic Dictionary.
Relevant categories of F*þ- and FutiR-words are listed in the Tiw-vocabulary of William Barnes30:
(1) to feed up, (2) fat, (3) father, (4) fodder, (5) foster, (6) wod, (7) fud, (8) butt, (9) futter,
(10) fetter, but probably for prudery the genitals fud & butt (female and male) and futter
(copulation) as well as “fat” and “feed up” are missing.
These words will be included in the following overview of the Header section. One of the words
(“Fut”) may also be found in the previous table 1, but will also be included in the following table:

Section Runic Translation Meaning Common sources: Source link for

Root FutiR (& Faþir) FutiR (& Faþir)
(FutiR) & Wiktionary
H 71 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ To feed up to feed up To feed
H 72 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ fat well-fed Fat
H 73 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ father “seed”-father father
progenitor
H 74 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ food, food Fōdor
fodder (Old English)
H 75 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ foster Foster-father foster Runen-Sprach-Schatz
(“Feed”-father) Dieterich - 1840
H 76 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ wod, woad, Wod, wode, wode Wod, wode, wode
wude (→ furious, frantic )
H 77 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ fodr, fud Private parts fud
Fud (female)
H 78 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ butt Private parts butt
(male & female)
H 79 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ futter To copulate from Latin futuo
H 80 ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ fetter Fetter (restriction) fetter
Table 6: The words to be derived from the FutiR-rune
Runic Dictionary - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ in Forward Reading Mode

30 Notes to the book TIW

Appendix 3 - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ) in Backward Reading Mode
Source: A Concept for a Runic Dictionary.
The header section in Backward Reading Mode may be split up into:
1. Tiw, Tuw, Teiws, Ziu / Zîo , Tuesday, Ziischtig, tíwesdæg, tow, touw
2. two, twee, zwei, Tuihanti, twine, twijn, Zwirn,
3. Odin, which as a runic word may be started a the fourth rune *ansuz (“O”) and from the
right to the left uses the runes: ᚨ (“O”) - ᚦ (“th”) ᚢ (“u”) ᚠ (digamma: “w”). In the Icelandic
rune poem, the name óss for the fourth rune ᚩ refers to Odin.

Section Runic Translation Meaning Source Source link

Root
R 10 ᚦᚢᚠ Tiw Týr / Tiwaz (Mars) Wikipedia Tuw (→ (Old English)
R 12 ᚦᚢᚠ Tuw God (Sky-god) Taaldacht (NL) Tuw (→ Dutch)
R 13 ᚦᚢᚠ Teiws God (Sky-god) Taaldacht (NL) Tuw (→ Gothic)
R 14 ᚦᚢᚠ Ziu / Zîo Týr / Tiwaz (Mars) Wikipedia Týr (Old High German)
R 21 ᚦᚢᚠ Tuesday Tiw's Day Wikipedia Tuesday (English)
R 22 ᚦᚢᚠ Ziischtig Tiw's Day Wikipedia Ziischtig (Alemannic)
R 23 ᚦᚢᚠ tíwesdæg Tiw's Day Wikipedia Etymology (Old English)
R 31 ᚦᚢᚠ tow untwisted bundle wiktionary tow (Old English)
of fibers
R 32 ᚦᚢᚠ touw untwisted bundle wiktionary tow (Middle Low
of fibers German )

R 41 ᚦᚠᚢ two two PIE *duwo two (adj.)

R 42 ᚦᚠᚢ twee two PIE *duwo two (adj.)
R 43 ᚦᚠᚢ zwei two PIE *duwo two (adj.)
R 44 ᚦᚠᚢ Tuihanti Germanic tribe Wikipedia Twente
R 51 ᚦᚠᚢ twine twisted dual thread PIE *dwo- "2" Twine (English)
to twist strands
R 52 ᚦᚠᚢ twijn twisted dual thread PIE *dwo- "2" Twine (Dutch)
R 53 ᚦᚠᚢ Zwirn twisted dual thread PIE *dwo- "2" Twine (German)

R 60 ᚨ ᚦ ᚢ ᚠ Odin Wodan
Table 7 Runic Dictionary - Header section ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ (including ᚨ ) in Backward Reading Mode
Appendix 4 - A-I-Ω Body section (ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ….) in For- & Backward Reading Mode
Source: A Concept for a Runic Dictionary.
Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark, ᚨ. The Anglo-
Saxon futhorc split the Elder Futhark a rune into three independent runes due to the
development of the vowel system in Anglo-Frisian. These three runes are ōs ᚩ
(transliterated o), ac "oak" ᚪ (transliterated a), and æsc ᚫ "ash" (transliterated æ).

The A-I-Ω vowel-structure is marked in purple. The divine names, the first man from an “ash” and
planetary names are marked yellow.
Proto-Germanic Old English Old Norse
Name *Ansuz Ōs Āc Æsc Óss
"god" "god" "oak" "ash" "god"
Shape Elder Futhark Futhorc Younger Futhark

Unicode ᚨ ᚩ ᚪ ᚫ ᚬ ᚭ
Transliteration a o a æ o
Transcription a o a æ ą, o
Position in row 4 4 25 26 4
Table 8 The split of the Elder Futhark “a”- rune into three independent runes
(from Wikipedia's *Ansuz (rune)
In Old English the creation of the first male man "ash" (ᚫ) from “god” (ᚪ) uses “equivalent” runic
letters. The A-I-Ω vowel-structure starts with the “A”-character for “god” (ᚪ) or “Odin” and the
"ash" (ᚫ) character for the first male creature, which suggests to consider the first Man as an image
of the Creator.
Section Runic Translation Meaning Source Source link
B 01 ᚨ, ᚩ *ansuz Vowel A/O Futhark Elder Futhark
The god Odin
B 02 ᚫ ash Ash (1st male Man) Futhark Elder Futhark
B 03 ᛇ *ī(h)waz/ Vowel I Futhark Elder Futhark
*ei(h)waz yew-tree
B 04 ᛊᛋ *sōwilō Sun Futhark Elder Futhark
B 05 ᛏ *tīwaz tyz < *tius Futhark Elder Futhark
the god Týr
B 06 ᛗ *mannaz Man Futhark Elder Futhark
B 07 ᛜᛝ *ingwaz Yngvi (→ Frey) Futhark Elder Futhark
B 08 ᛟ *ōþila-/ Vowel Ω Futhark Elder Futhark
*ōþala- heritage, possession

B 11 ᚦᚩᚱ Þor The God Thor

B 12 ᚱᚩᚦ Rod The God Rod ninth century Rod and Deivos
B 13 ᚲ ᚱ ᚩ ᚦ Crodo The God Krodo Saxon Chronicle Rod
by C. Bote (1492)

Table 9 A-I-Ω Body section (ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ….) in Forward & Backward Reading Mode
Appendix 5 – Overview of the published papers of Joannes Richter at Academia.edu
• The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
• Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
• Simon Stevin's definitie van wetenschappelijk onderz
• De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
• The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
• The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
• King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
• Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperik I
• The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
• A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
• Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
• Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
• De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
• The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
• Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
• A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
• The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
• De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
• The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
• The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
• Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
• De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
• De fundamenten van de samenleving
• De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
• De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
• The Antipodes Mith and With
• The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
• De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
• The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
• Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
• De restanten van de dualis in het Nederlands, Engels en Duits
• Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
• The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
• Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Nederlandse alfabet
• The Backbones of the Alphabets
• The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
• The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
• De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
• The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
• Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
• The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
• De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)
• King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
• De 4 letters van koning Chilperik I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
• The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
• The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
• In het Nederlands, Duits en Engels is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
• In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
• The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
• A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
• The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
• Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
• Über die Evolution der Sprachen
• Over het ontwerpen van talen
• The Art of Designing Languages
• Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
• Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
• Over het filosofische Nous-concept
• Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
• The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
• A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
• Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
• The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
• The Unification of Medieval Europe
• The Divergence of Germanic Religions
• De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
• The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
• Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
• Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
• Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
• The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
• Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
• Notes to the book TIW
• Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
• Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
• Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
• The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
• Etymology, Religions and Myths
• The Symbolism of the Yampoos and Wampoos in Poe's “Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
from Nantucket”
• Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
• Ϝut - Het Nederlandse sleutelwoord
• Concepts for the Dual Forms
• The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
• Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
• Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
• The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
• A Linguistic Control of Egotism
• The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
• An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
• The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
• Die keltische Haarhauben
• De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
• The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
• Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
• De god met de twee gezichten
• The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
• Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
• De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
• Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
• The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
• Een reconstructie van de Nederlandse scheppingslegende
• The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
• The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
• The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
• Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
• Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
• Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer "
• De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
• The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
• Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
• Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
• Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
• Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
• Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
• The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
• The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
• The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
• The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
• De kern van de Futhark-talen
• Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
• De symboolkern IE van het Nederlands
• Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
• Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)
• Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
• A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
• A Paradise Made of Words
• The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
• The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
• The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
• The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
• The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)