Structure Analysis 2

l as s
K U C
o r
Dr.Songpol Charuvisit
F
Objective of class
 Analyze indeterminate structures:

s
beam, truss, frame, using force

Cl as
methods and displacement methods,
understand
o r K U influence line of

F
indeterminate structures,
approximation methods and concept
of matrix methods
Review
 Flexural member  Beam
 Determinate: Reaction, Internal force (V & M),

as s
Stress-strain, displacement (deflection, δ,

l
C
rotation, θ)

K U
 Basic assumption:

o r
F
1. Static equilibrium
2. Plane section remain plane (linearity of strain)
3. Elastic
4. Homogeneous + Isotropic (same E for both
Tension and compression)
5. Small displacement (θ ≈ tan θ)
6. Prismatic
Review (cont.)
 Sign conventions
+q

s
+V

s
+M

l
C ua
o r
+θ
K U +

F
 Support symbols
+ v

 Pinned, Hinged, interior hinged, Roller,

Fixed, Free
Review (cont.)
 SFD, BMD
 Deflection & Rotation of beam
l as s
1.
C
Differential equations

K U
r
2. Moment area
3.
4.
F o
Conjugate beam
Virtual work
5. Superposition
Review (cont.)
 Beam – structural member subjected to
transverse load

l as s
 Frame – structural members that consist of 2 or

U
more flexural members

K C
F o r
 Truss – structures that consist of many slender
members joined by frictionless pins
 Load on structures:
 Dead load, Live load, Wind load, Earthquake,
Vehicle, Rail load, Snow, Rain, Impact
 Static Equilibrium: Summation forces = 0
 Review (cont.)
 Stable and unstable structures
Unknowns < statics : unstable

l as s
K U C
r
1st degree of indeterminate: stable

F o
Determinate: unknowns = statics

Unstable: all reactions are

concurrence at one point
Analysis of statically indeterminate beam
 Indeterminate beam – having unknown
reactions more than independent static

s s
equilibriums, requires additional conditions
l a
C
for solving

r K U
 Basic assumptions: Same as determinate

o
F
structures: Homogeneous, same E for Comp.
and Tens., small deflection
 Degree of indeterminacy
 Redundant Reactions
 Primary released beam (Determinate beam
remained when all redundant are removed)
Slope and deflection
 Fixed end beam

s
- point load,
- Moment,
Cl as
- uniform load

o r K U
F
 Simple beam
- point load,
- Moment,
- uniform load
Slope and deflection
 Fixed end beam

s
- point load,
- Moment,
Cl as
- uniform load

o r K U

- F
Simple beam
point load,
- Moment,
- uniform load
Slope and deflection
 δ,θ P
=
PL3
δ = ,θ
PL2
q

s
M 3EI 2 EI
δ
=

Cl
qL4
δ =
as,θ
qL3

U
θ 8 EI 6 EI

F o
P

r K q
=
ML2
δ =
2 EI
,θ
ML
EI
θ δ

PL3 PL2 5 qL4 qL3 ML ML

=δ = ,θ = δ = ,θ θ= ,
48 EI 16 EI 384 EI 24 EI 3EI 6 EI
Indeterminate Beam
P
q
A A L/2 L/2

s
B B

Cl as
K U
EI,L EI,L

F o r
 RB as redundant,
 Ma as redundant,
 Draw SFD, BMD
Superposition method
(Consistent deformation)

l as s
K U
 RB as redundant C
 Ma as redundant

F o r
Superposition method
A C
 RB as redundant,
B

s
 Find θa

l as
L L

C
 Draw SFD, BMD

o r K U
F
P P
 Use continuity at B
A C
B
L L
Superposition method
A L/8 L/8 L/4 L/4 L/4 B

D C E

l as s
EI,L

K U C
F o r
 Continuity of joint D
L/2 q
A L/4
B

EI,L
Multiple degree indeterminate beam
A q B

l as s
C
EI,L
P

o r K U
A EI,L
F
B C
D

A EI,L
B C D E F
= 3 moment equation
Superposition method
P 2P 2P P
q
 MB as redundant

s s
A C

l a
B

C
L/4 L L L/4

o r K U
F
q
Cross section area = a,
E, Height = h
A C
B
L L/2
Beam with Different EI
15t
2m 5 t/m
A C

l as s Conjugate beam

C
EI B 1.5EI

K U
5m 6m

F
q o r P
Deflection by Conjugate beam method
V+,θccw
V-, θcw
C M+,∆deflec up over chord
A
EI B 2EI M-,∆deflec down under chord
L L
Indeterminate beam with settlement

l as s
K U C
F o r
 TRUSS

s
(50) (50)

(75)
(75)
(15)
(75) (75)

Cl as4.00 m

K U
(15) (15)

o r
A (50) (50) (50) (50)

F
B C
4@3.00 = 12.00 m
E = 2x10E6 ksc.

Given downward settlement at A = 0.1 cm, B = 0.2 cm, C = 0.15 cm

Find Reaction at B
 Internal Indeterminate

s s
2j-3

Cl a
o r K U
F
 Truss Find internal force in each member

U1 U2
24
L0U1 = 7.5m
Cos = 0.8 1.8

s
Sin = 0.6 3.0

s
3.0 6m

l a
1.2 1.8

L0

K U CL3

r
2.4 L1 2.4 L2 2.4

F o 3 @ 4,5m
48KN

4.00 m

A
E and A = constant C
40t 4@3.00 = 12.00 m
FRAME

60t

4m

l
50t

as s
EI

K U C
or
6m EI

F
4m

4m

8m
Method of Least work, Castigliano
 ∂U/∂F = ∆
 ∂U/∂M = θ

s s
Castigliano

a
∑∫(M/EI)(∂M/∂P)dx = ∆

l


C
 ∑(NL/AE)(∂N/∂P) = ∆

o r K U
F
 Redundant causes the minimum strain energy in
structure
 ∂U/∂R = 0
 ∑∫(M/EI)(∂M/∂R)dx = 0
 Not applicable for analyzing effects of settlements,
temp changes.
 Beam/Frame, Truss
q
A
For Beam and Frame

s
B

s
∑∫(M/EI)(∂M/∂R)dx = 0

Cl a
K U
EI,L

F or
U1 U2
24
L0U1 = 7.5m
Cos = 0.8 1.8
Sin = 0.6 3.0
3.0 6m
1.2 1.8
For Truss L3
L0
∑(NL/AE)(∂N/∂R) = 0 2.4 L1 2.4 L2 2.4

3 @ 4,5m
48KN
Multiple degrees structure
 ∂U/∂R1 = 0 A
q
B

 ∂U/∂R2 = 0
l as s
K U C
or
EI,L

A
F W W

C
B

L/2 L/2
EI=Constant
Influence Line
 วิธี superposition + Maxwell

s
 วิธีหลักของ Muller-Breslaui

Cl as
U
A

r K
B

F o EI,L

 IL(x) มีรูปรางและคาเปนสัดสวนกับการโกงตัว Deflection curve

ที่เอาแรง X ออกจากโครงสราง (เสมือน Redundant)
 Influence line of Reaction
 ∆B = 0; ∆B = ∆B1 + ∆B2; ∆B1 = -∆Bx +
∆B2 = RBδBB
B

l as s
C
EI,L

o r K U ∆Bx = RBδBB

F
x ∆Bx = ∆xB
B
∆B1
∆xB = RBδBB

∆B2 RB = ∆xB/δBB

RB
 Influence line of Moment
 θA = 0; θA = θA 1+ θA 2; θA1 = θAx +
θA2 = MA θAA
B

l as s
Cθ
EI,L

or K U Ax θ
= -MA AA

F
x

θA1
B θAx = ∆x,MA
∆x,MA = -MAθAA
MA

θA2 MA = - ∆x,MA /θAA

Beam
Conjugate beam

s
IL (RA)

l as
IL (MD)

C
IL (VD)

K U
A B D C

F o
6m
r 6m

Conjugate beam method

Apply +M/EI diagram direction up on beam
+V (from SFD) = counter clockwise direction
+M (comp. on top beam surface) = deflection over beam chord
Truss
A = 10 sq.cm.

s
U1 U2 U3 IL (L0),(L2),(L4)

l as
IL (U1U2), (L0U1), (L2U1)

C
3m

K U
2@4m 2@4m L4

r
L0

F
1to L2
Frame
1t

s
C IL (HA) for load moving on BC

s
B

Cl a
o r K UEI

HA F
A D
Others
 หา IL ของแรงอื่นๆ โดยอางอิง IL(Reaction) ซึ่งใชคาที่

s
คํานวณไดและใชสมการสมดุลแรง  งาย

Cl
 IL ของ Multi-degrees Indeterminate
as
o r K U
F