Electric Circuits and Networks 10-10-2018

Lecture 27: Sinusoidal Steady State (Contd...)

Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

Example 1 : Superposition

5 mF
2Ω 60 mH 3Ω

j3
4Ω −j4
+ +
50 sin 50t I1 I2 100 sin (50t − 36.8◦ )
50] − 90
4 mF −j5 100] − 126.8◦
(−j50)

" #" # " #

6 − j2 −4 + j5 I1 −j50
=
−4 + j5 7 − j9 I2 −100] − 126.8

" # " #
−j50 0
= +
0 −100] − 126.8

⇒ Superposition can be used to solve for the system response. Especially useful if you have
sources with different frequencies.

R R

A1 cos ω1 t
A1 cos ω1 t jωL jωL
+A2 cos ω2 t
A2 cos ω2 t

Here the question

is which ω value
should we use for
impedance of induc-
tor R R

A1 cos ω1 t I1 jω1 L A2 cos ω2 t I2 jω2 L

A1 A2
I1 = I2 =
R + jω1 L R + jω2 L

1
 Same frequency :

B1 ejωt + B2 ejωt = (B1 + B2 ) ejωt

Adding the two signals is the same as adding the phasors and then multiplying by ejωt

Different frequency :

B1 ejω1 t + B2 ejω2 t −→ Cannot add the phasors.

Add signals in time domain after multiplying by ejωt

A1 A2
Total response : ejω1 t + ejω2 t
R + jω1 L R + jω2 L
Actual response : Re{I1 ejω1 t + I2 ejω2 t }

Periodic signal as Input

···

Periodic
V (t) = Ck ejkω0 t
P
k
where,Ck is Phasor

Ck ejkω0 t Ik jkω0 L

Ck
Ik =
R + jkω0 L

Ck
ejkω0 t
P
I (t) =
k R + jkω0 L

2
 Example 2 : Find Thevenin’s equivalent circuit as seen by inductor. Note : Proof of
Thevenin’s theorem depends only on substitution and superposition theorem; both of which
can be used with phasors.

A j50 Ω B

+
20]0 100 Ω −j50 10]0

A B

100 (−j50)
+ Zeq =
20]0 Zeq 10]0 100 − j50
= 20 − j40

 
VAB = Voc = 20]0 − 10]0 Zeq = −180 + j400

j50 Ω

−180 + j400 + 20 − j40

−

400
 
tan−1 = −65.77 + 180
−180

Driving point impedance

+
V = Iin Zin
Iin V
−

Zin (jω) (Complex)

3
Connect Iin ejωt ; response is V ejωt

V ejωt = Iin Zejωt

V
Zin = where V , Iin are phasors.
Iin
|V | j(θV −θI )
Z is complex and Z = e
|Iin |
Two port networks
For analysis in sinusoidal steady state, use phasors.

I1
I2 I2
Y21 =
V1 + V1
− N0
I
Y11 = 1
V1

V1 , I1 and I2 are phasors.