Petrel: Calibration of fracture model to

well test data

The workflow

Upscale the fracture model.

Compare actual well test results at each well with what the
upscaled model would give.
Find a factor at each well to correct the upscaled values to
the test results.
Co-krig the ‘corrected’ upscaled results using the original
upscaled results as a trend.

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Upscale fracture model

Fracture model in, ki, kj, kk

out. These values are
uncalibrated estimates of
permeability i.e. the
distribution may be OK but
absolute values will need
calibration
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Measured well test results

Well test results correspond to an open

section (in green) and represent the average
permeability of that section, i.e. A group of
cells along the well.

This value corresponds to the average total

permeability and is not differentiated into
permeabilities in the 3 directions.

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Estimate well test result based on fracture
modelling permeabilities

kcell ( est ) = ki ( est ) + k j ( est ) + k k ( est )

2 2 2

The total permeability of each

cell is the square root of the
sum of the square of each
permeability tensor.

To find the result that you

ktest ( est ) = ∑ kcell ( est ) / n would get from a well test you
need to get the average
permeability from cells along
the well.

(You could argue that it should be based on well length

per cell and more cells than just where the well
penetrates, but I think this level of detail disappears in
the bigger picture.)
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Calibration at each well

ki = a.ki ( est )
ktest k j = a.k j ( est )
a=
ktest (est ) k k = a.k k ( est )

Look at the cells along each well one well at a time.

Comparing the real well test value and the estimated well test value
gives the correction factor per well (described as ‘a’ here). This can be
used to adjust the fracture permeability vectors along each well (ki, kj,
kk) which are then used as hard data.

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Final calibration of ki (kj, kk)

Calibrated ki at well
As generated by the
ki from fractures previous steps

Co-located co-kriging with

correlation coefficient

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In Practice

Create discrete logs at each DST interval and upscale them. These mark
the cells that are effectively tested by the DST, and the average
permeability in these cells must match the DST result.

Create continuous logs with the DST permeability and upscale them.
These give us something to compare the result with.

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In Practice II
Find the average permeability from the
kcell ( est ) = ki ( est ) + k j ( est ) + k k ( est )
2 2 2
fracture modelling results.

Filter one DST interval at a time.

From the fracture model results...

$AveEstPerm = KcellEst.mean

From the upscaled DST values...

$AvePerm = DST.mean

Correction factor ...

$a = $AvePerm / $AveEstPerm
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In Practice III

Copy the upscaled continuous DST 3 times to get properties for Ki, Kj
and Kk with the correct upscaled cells tagged. Set each of these to
undefined.

For each of the DST interval and each ‘k’

K(i,j or k) = kfrac(i,j or k) * a

NB ‘a’ is calculated per DST interval.

At the end there should be 3 permeability properties (ki, kj, kk) with
defined values (upscaled cells) at each of the DST intervals. At each
interval the variation in K should match the fracture model results
whilst the total k should match the DST result.

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In Practice IV

Interpolate each of the new k

properties using co-located co-
kriging with the original fracture
property as a secondary variable.

The final result should follow the

trend of the fracture model but
match each of the DST results for
the appropriate locations.

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 The workflow

Set a perm property to

undefined then make 3
copies ki, kj, kk. These
are required because
the original has the
correct cells toggles as
upscaled – hard data.

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 The workflow

Create a ‘filter’ property

and filter out cells with a
value of 0 before
running the workflow.

For each DST

interval... Find the
average permeability in
the interval estimated
by the fracture
modelling, and the DST
result (upscaled from a
log)

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 The workflow

Fix issues with zero

values

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 The workflow

Calculate ‘a’ and apply

it creating the
calibrated ki, kj and kk
properties at the well.

(NB +$DSTperm is
only used when the
fracture perm is zero)
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