Jawaban Formatif M1 LA4 Hortatory Exposition

Modul Profesional PPG Daljab

(1) Use of tobacco products is the nation's deadliest addiction. Smoking cigarettes is the
leading cause of avoidable death in the United States. More than 400,000 people die
prematurely each year from diseases attributable to tobacco use. The toll of deaths attributable
to tobacco use is greater than the combined toll of deaths from AIDS, car accidents, alcohol,
suicides, homicides, fires, and illegal drugs.

(2) Smoking is the main cause of 87% of deaths from lung cancer, 30% of all cancer deaths,
82% of deaths from pulmonary disease, and 21% of deaths from chronic heart disease. Use of
smokeless tobacco is a cause of oral cancer. In a study of women who did not smoke but did
use snuff chronically, the risk for oral cancers was 50 times greater than for nonusers.

(3) According to a recent estimate by the Office of Technology Assessment, each smoker
who died in 1990 as a result of his or her smoking, on average, would have lived at least 15
additional years if a non-smoker. For the population at large, this premature mortality translates
into 6 million years of potential life lost each year.

(4) It is difficult, of course, to calculate a dollar value for the human costs of tobacco-related
diseases. The suffering of patients and families resulting from tobacco-related morbidity and
mortality is unquantifiable. Lost productivity and health care expenditures can be quantified,
but the magnitude of the estimates depends on a variety of theoretical health care and technical
questions, including whether the costs of should be offset by the "savings" in social security
expenditures and health care costs not incurred because people died prematurely.

(5) The Office of Technology Assessment put the social cost of smoking in 1990 at $68
billion. This high-end estimate includes $20.8 billion in direct health costs, $6.9 billion in lost
productivity attributable to smoking-related disability, and $40.3 billion in lost productivity
attributable to smoking-related premature deaths. Whatever its total magnitude, the social cost
of smoking is substantial. Even based on conservative assumptions, expected lifetime medical
expenditures of the average smoker exceed those of the average non-smoker by 28% for men
and 21% for women. Each year, decisions by more than I million youths to become regular
smokers commit the health care system to $8.2 billion in extra medical expenditures over their
lifetimes.

(6) The nation has a compelling interest in reducing the social burden of tobacco use. This
can be accomplished by preventing people from starting to use tobacco and by getting users to
quit. The premise of this report is that, in the long run, tobacco use can be most efficiently
reduced through a youth-centred policy aimed at preventing children and adolescents from
initiating tobacco use. Moreover, because the prevalence of tobacco use among youths has
remained stubbornly constant for 10 years, and may even be rising, a youth-centred prevention
policy must be aggressively implemented if tobacco-related morbidity and mortality are to be
significantly reduced.

(Adapted from https://www.nap.edu/read/4757/chapter/3)

Question 1 (1 point)

It is implied in the text that in the future....

A. the prevalence rate of tobacco use among children remains 10 years

B. the prevalence rate of tobacco use among children might be more or less than 10 years
C the prevalence rate of tobacco use among children is more than 10 years
D. the prevalence rate of tobacco use among children is less than 10 years

Question 2 (1 point)

The deadliest addiction to tobacco use can be reduced by....

A. calculating the number of active smokers
B. spending more money to put on the social cost of smoking reducing the social burden of
tobacco use
C. a dollar value for the human cost of smoking
D. preventing people from early start to smoke

Question 3 (1 point)

The text clearly suggests that a youth centered prevention policy be implemented particularly
to....
A. prevent youth from using smokeless tobacco
B. assist active smokers to quit smoking
C. reduce the number of people addicting to tobacco use save the national budget for
health care
D. save the national budget for health care

Question 4 (1 point)

The word magnitude in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to....

A. amount
B. cigarette
C. victim
D. burden

Question 5 (1 point)

The word morbidity in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to....

A. death
B. wellness
C. addiction
D. disease

Question 6 (1 point)
What is the text mainly talking about?
A. Cigarette smoking is the main cause of death in USA.
B. Lung cancer is the main cause of death.
C. There are many people dying each year because of tobacco use.
D. There are more than 400000 active smokers in USA
Question 7 (1 point)
When you scan read the text, you will know that....
A. The budget for social cost of smoking is the biggest.
B. The budget spent for direct health cost is the biggest.
C. The budget for lost productivity is lowest.
D. The budget for social cost of smoking is the lowest.

Question 8 (1 point)
Which one is NOT TRUE according to the text?
A. It is not easy to quantify the real expenditure to solve tobacco-related diseases.
B. Active smokers could have lived longer if they had not been non-smokers.
C. Non-smokers may live 15 years longer that active smokers.
D. Smoking smokeless tobacco is as dangerous as other types of smoking.

Question 9 (1 point)
Which one is TRUE according to the text?
A. Lung cancer greatly leads to death.
B. Thirty per cent smokers die due to all cancer.
C. Eighty-seven per cent smokers suffer from lung cancer.
D. Smoking leads to illegal use of drugs.

Question 10 (1 point)
Who might be interested to read the text?
A. People who give up to recover from tobacco addiction.
B. People who want to lead a healthy life.
C. People who are severely addicted.
D. People who are dying due to tobacco addiction.