Uniaxial State

Uniaxial state - stress and

strain

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 1 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Uniaxial state of stresses

Uniaxial State

and strains
Stress:
in a member is given by
𝑃
𝜎=
𝐴

where:
P : magnitude of load, and
A: cross-sectional area
It has a unit of N/m2 or MPa or Psi

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 2 | Mechanics of Solids-I

1
 Uniaxial state of stresses
Uniaxial State
and strains
Types of Stress:

Normal stress: A stress produced due

to a force acting normal to the cross-
sectional area of member is known
as the normal stress.

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 3 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Uniaxial state of stresses

Uniaxial State

and strains
Axial Stress:
A type of normal stress produced due to an action of axial
force. Depending on the action of force, it may be axial
compressive or axial tensile force.

Axial tensile force Axial compressive force

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 4 | Mechanics of Solids-I

2
 Uniaxial state of stresses
Uniaxial State
and strains
Tension Members

Tension members used as bracing in buildings and bridges

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 5 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Uniaxial state of stresses

Uniaxial State

and strains
Tension Members

Cable suspended and stayed bridges

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 6 | Mechanics of Solids-I

3
 Uniaxial state of stresses
Uniaxial State
and strains
Tension Members

Cables in suspended roof system (Dynamic Earth, Edinburgh)

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 7 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Uniaxial state of stresses

Uniaxial State

and strains
Compression Members - Columns

Sheikh Zayed Mosque Carlton Hills, Edinburgh

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 8 | Mechanics of Solids-I

4
 Uniaxial state of stresses
Uniaxial State
and strains
Compression Members - Struts

Wooden struts Concrete struts

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 9 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Uniaxial state of stresses

Uniaxial State

and strains
Compression Members - Arch

Badshahi Mosque, lahore Arc De Triomphe, Paris

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 10 | Mechanics of Solids-I

5
 Problem 1
Uniaxial State
The bar in Figure a has a constant width of 35 mm and a
thickness of 10 mm. Determine the maximum average normal
stress in the bar when it is subjected to the loading shown.

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 11 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Problem 1- Solution
Uniaxial State

Step 1: Calculate resultant forces in each section

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 12 | Mechanics of Solids-I

6
 Problem 1- Solution
Uniaxial State
Step 2: Calculate stresses

The largest loading is in region BC , where PBC = 30 kN. Since

the cross-sectional area of the bar is constant , the largest
average normal stress also occurs within this region of the bar.
𝑃𝐵𝐶
𝜎𝐵𝐶 =
𝐴𝐵𝐶
30 x 103
𝜎𝐵𝐶 =
0.035 x 0.010
𝜎𝐵𝐶 = 85.7𝑀𝑃𝑎

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 13 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Problem 2
Uniaxial State

The 80-kg lamp is supported by two rods AB and BC as shown

in Figure. If AB has a diameter of 10 mm and BC has a
diameter of 8 mm, determine the average normal stress in each
rod.

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 14 | Mechanics of Solids-I

7
 Problem 2- Solution
Uniaxial State
Step 1: Construct Free body diagram

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 15 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Problem 2- Solution
Uniaxial State

Step 2: Calculation of forces using static equilibrium conditions

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 16 | Mechanics of Solids-I

8
 Problem 2- Solution
Uniaxial State
Step 2: Calculation of Normal stresses

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 17 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Problem 3
Uniaxial State

The bars of the truss each have a cross-sectional area of 1.25in2.

Determine the average normal stress in each member due to the
loading P =8kips State whether the stress is tensile or
compressive.

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 18 | Mechanics of Solids-I

9
 Problem 3- Solution
Uniaxial State
FAB = 13.33kips (T)
FAE = 10.67kips (C)
FED = 10.67kips (C)
FEB = 6kips (T)
FBC = 29.33kips (T)
FBD = 23.33kips (C)

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 19 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Uniaxial state of stresses

Uniaxial State

and strains
State of stresses:

Uniaxial stress Biaxial stress Triaxial stress

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 20 | Mechanics of Solids-I

10
 Uniaxial state of stresses
Uniaxial State
and strains
Types of Stress:

Shear stress: A stress

produced due to a force acting
parallel to the cross-sectional
area of member is known as
the shear stress.

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 21 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Uniaxial state of stresses

Uniaxial State

and strains
Strain:
Change in length per
unit length.
𝛿
𝜀=
𝑙

𝛿 = change in length
l = original length

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 22 | Mechanics of Solids-I

11
 Problem 4
Uniaxial State
If the wood joint in Figure has a width of 150 mm, determine the
average shear stress developed along shear planes a – a and b – b.

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 23 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Problem 4 - Solution
Uniaxial State

Step 1: Construct Free body diagram

Step 2: Calculation of forces using static equilibrium

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 24 | Mechanics of Solids-I

12
 Problem 4 - Solution
Uniaxial State
Step 2: Calculation of forces using static equilibrium for shear
plan a-a & b-b

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 25 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Problem 4 - Solution
Uniaxial State

Step 3: Calculation of average shear stresses

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 26 | Mechanics of Solids-I

13
 Problem 5
Uniaxial State
A punch for making holes in steel plates
is shown in Figure. Assume that a
punch having diameter d = 20 mm is
used to punch a hole in an 8-mm plate.
If a force P =110 kN is required to
create the hole, what is the average
shear stress in the plate and the average
compressive stress in the punch?

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 27 | Mechanics of Solids-I

Problem 5 - Solution
Uniaxial State

The average shear stress in the plate is

The average compressive stress in the punch is

Civil Engineering - Fall 2018 28 | Mechanics of Solids-I

14