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INTRODUCTION
 Single Loop Control

CASCADE CONTROL
Multi Loop Control Technique

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
 Cascade Control  Single Loop Vs Cascade Control

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INTRODUCTION
 In cascade control a process is controlled by two
controllers in such way that both are acting for each
other.
 In cascade control first loop called master and second
loop called slave controller.
 Master controller generate the set point for the slave
controller.
 Finally slave controller control the process depends
upon the remote set point provided by master
controller.
ADVANTAGES
 Reduce the dead time and phase lag time in the
control system.
 Can be combined with feed forward and other
types of controllers.
 Improved dynamic response and performance
and provide limit on secondary variable.
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ADVANTAGES
 In simple closed loop control , the process has
only one stage information for control and less
effective with respect to change in set point.
 In cascade we are controlling single variable in
two stage
 Cascade control are used where required precise
and critical control.
 Cascade control are able to compensate the load
change of process and maintain at desired set
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value of any physical quantity. 6
ADVANTAGES
 Responses to step change in set point for single-
loop control and cascade control.
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APPLICATION APPLICATION
 Cascade control are used in steam power plants
at…
 BOILER….
In boiler we are using various types of closed loop control
and cascade controls. Some cascade loops are given below.
 Drum level control

 steam temperature control

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THE LEVEL-TO-FLOW CASCADE BLOCK

EXAMPLE DIAGRAM

 the tank is essentially a

barrel with a hole
punched in the bottom.
 Liquid enters through a
feed valve at the top of
the tank.
 The exit flow is liquid
draining freely by the
force of gravity out
through the hole in the
tank bottom.

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THE LEVEL-TO-FLOW CASCADE BLOCK THE LEVEL-TO-FLOW CASCADE BLOCK

DIAGRAM DIAGRAM

SP2 = inner secondary set


point  Two PVs, Two Controllers, One Valve
CO2 = inner secondary
controller output signal
PV2 = inner secondary
measured process variable
signal
 And
D2 = inner disturbance
variable (often not measured
or available as a signal)
FCE = final control element
such as a valve, variable
speed pump or compressor,
etc.

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