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The document outlines the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a framework for developing computer systems. SDLC involves several phases: planning and requirements gathering, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. The planning phase identifies problems and defines system objectives. Analysis involves fact-finding to understand user requirements. Design defines system components and structure. Implementation involves coding, testing, and deployment. Maintenance provides ongoing support. Following SDLC helps ensure systematic and successful development of information systems.
The document outlines the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a framework for developing computer systems. SDLC involves several phases: planning and requirements gathering, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. The planning phase identifies problems and defines system objectives. Analysis involves fact-finding to understand user requirements. Design defines system components and structure. Implementation involves coding, testing, and deployment. Maintenance provides ongoing support. Following SDLC helps ensure systematic and successful development of information systems.
The document outlines the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a framework for developing computer systems. SDLC involves several phases: planning and requirements gathering, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. The planning phase identifies problems and defines system objectives. Analysis involves fact-finding to understand user requirements. Design defines system components and structure. Implementation involves coding, testing, and deployment. Maintenance provides ongoing support. Following SDLC helps ensure systematic and successful development of information systems.
In today’s world of technology, computers are at the core of production of goods and
services. Computers have contributed so much to the development of the economy of
the world. What is at the root of this contribution from computers? Computer systems. Useful computer systems and designs have made it is for individuals companies and organizations to reach the realization of their dreams and milestones. This academic writing will outline something that is done to make a very useful system which contributes to the attainment of individual or collective goals. It will outline the steps of development a system, which is known as System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). What is a system? Simply put, “a set of connected things or devices which operate together” (Cambridge, 2008). So, what about a computer system? It is “a set of computer equipment and programs used together for a particular purpose” (Cambridge, 2008 ). From this definition we can see that a system is basically a set of interrelated components that collects, processes, stores, and provides as output the information needed to complete required task(s). A computer application or program which is a computer software that executes on a computing device to carry out a specific set of functions is at the root of a computer system. To have such a computer program work well in a computer system, we bring in the System Development Life Circle (SDLC). According to Satzinger, Jackson and Burd (2012), to manage a project with analysis, design and other development activities, there is need for a project management framework which acts as a guide in coordinating all the work of the project team. In system development, that frame work is the SDLC. From this preamble information we can say SDLC is a framework which identifies all the activities required to build, launch, and maintain an information system. It normally includes all the activities that are part of system analysis, system designs, programming, testing, and the maintenance of the system as well as other project management processes that are required to successfully launch and deploy the new information system. Even though there are many ways to the SDLC and many different types of projects that have different needs, there is a core set of processes that is always followed when undertaking a System Development Life Circle. It is used by most analysts to develop an information system.SDLC includes activities such as, requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, operation and maintenance. SDLC has phases as it is a systematic process which plainly states what is required to implement a new or modify an already established information system. These phases are planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation and Maintenance. The most preferred way to develop a system is agile development, which emphasizes more on developing an information system which is flexible to accommodate new requirements at any time during development (Cohn, 2010). Most information systems are developed to solve organizational problems, which are usually very complex, which makes it difficult to plan and execute a development project. That is where the feasibility or planning phase comes in. Feasibility is basically the possible way to do something easily or conveniently or the likelihood of something happen. So under this phase a problem has to be identified first. Once the problem has been identified, define the scope of the existing system, define the new system and it’s objectives. How do the objectives relate to the intended purpose of the already existing system or the benefits of the new systems? Is the system project attainable or feasible? A system analyst should outline the challenges or threats of the system. Once the system proposal is accepted, the system analyst should produce a schedule for the undertaking of the suggested system. The next phase is to understand the business need and processing the needs-analysis and specification. This means that a system analyst should do an in-depth fact-finding to understand requirements, understand and document the detailed work flow. This will require a system analyst to gather, analyze, and validate information. The system analyst will also be require to examine the information needs of users, and find out ways to make the system user friendly. The analysis phase is so important to successfully develop a system. A Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document is needed to specify software, hardware, functional, and network requirements of the system. Green (2014), says that the SRS should answers questions like these: What will be the network hardware topology be? What operating system to be used? How will the database be managed? How secure will be the system? These are just a few questions that should be handled at the end of the analysis phase of the SDLC. Bridging the gap between requirement and actual implementation is design. System design define, organize and structure the components of the final solution to serve as a blue print for the construction. The design requirements vary depending on the targeted environment. Some applications never connect to the Internet, some connect from time to time either to retrieve or update information, and some need to be always connected to the Internet. To come up with a suitable design, analysts first partition or divide the entire system into its major components because an information system is too complex to design all at once. The broad design of the overall system structure is called the architectural design, general design or conceptual design. When it comes to the designing of a specific program details on a system, that design is called detail design. So to come up with a good design, an analyst should have the architectural design, and low-level detail designs for specific program(s) (Brooks, 2010). Finally under this phase is the preparation of the design document that will be used in the implementation phase. After identifying the problem, the feasibility or planning is done, the analysis, system design, are all done, it is time now to put into practicality what has been obtained in the previous phases. The phase were we put all information from previous phases into use is called the implementation phase. The source code is generated through the coding or programming process. This is done to ensure that there are no errors and if errors are detected, are corrected. This phase can be done first in a testing environment not on the actual production database or system in order not to lose any data. Finally, once all has been tested and errors corrected, the system is integrated into the existing system or launched if its a new system, and the new system is finally said to have been installed. The analyst is now happy to see the system up and running, but that’s not the end. There is need for the maintenance and support services of the system. The phase which handles all activities which are done to support users, implementation of the changes to the system from time to time is called the maintenance phase. This phase includes other activities like, handling logs of the system and resolve any problem that the system might experience as it runs. Finally, what can be concluded then? In order to develop a system that is suitable for each particular need, the SDLC phases are fundamental to ensure that. SDLC helps in systematic development of the information system. Planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance have been highlight in this writing to be of much importance in systems analysis and designs. References. Brooks, F. (2010) The Design of Design: Essays from a Computer Scientist. London: Addison-Wesley. Cambridge (2008) Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cohn, M. (2010) Succeeding With Agile Software Development. New York: Addison-Wesley. Green. B (2014) OO Systems and Design-Essentials of Design [online]. Accessed 8 April, 2019. Available at:https://youtu.be/bnbwNe-w2U4?list=PL6XklZATqYx9dj72MKG6wLYjljeB2odra Satzinger, J., Jackson, R., and Burd, S. (2012) Systems Analysis and Design In a Changing World. 6th ed. United States of America: Joe Sabatino.
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