1.

DDL commands
1. Creating a table
mysql> create table newstudents(ID int,Name Varchar(255),Course Varchar(255),Marks float,City
Varchar(60),DOB date);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

2. Altering a table
alter table newstudents drop column DOB;

3. Drop a table
drop table Students;

4. Truncating a table
insert into
newstudents(ID,Name,Course,Marks,City)values(1,'Mansi','MCA',7.6,'Allahabad'),(2,'Shammi','BSC',7
,'Delhi'),(3,'Aryan','BCOM',8,'Varanasi');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> truncate newstudents

after truncating table became empty
select* from newstudents;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

5. Rename
mysql> alter table newstudents rename to Students;

after renaming the table

show tables;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_db2018CA31 |
+----------------------+
| Students |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

b. Practicing all the following DML commands

1. Inserting Rows into table
mysql> create table Employees(ID int,Name varchar(70),City varchar(50),Age int,Department
varchar(30));
mysql> insert into Employees(ID,Name,
City,Age,Department)values(100,'Reena','Kanpur',22,'Technical'),
-> (101,'Arpita','Noida',24,'Law'),
-> (102,'Divyansh','Delhi',23,'Software'),
-> (103,'Shammi','Dehradoon',21,'Medicine');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)

OUTPUT
mysql> Select * from Employees;
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
| ID | Name | City | Age | Department |
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
| 100 | Reena | Kanpur | 22 | Technical |
| 101 | Arpita | Noida | 24 | Law |
| 102 | Divyansh | Delhi | 23 | Software |
| 103 | Shammi | Dehradoon | 21 | Medicine |
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2. Deleting Rows from table

mysql> delete from Employees where Name='Arpita';

OUTPUT
mysql> Select * from Employees;
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
| ID | Name | City | Age | Department |
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
| 100 | Reena | Kanpur | 22 | Technical |
| 102 | Divyansh | Delhi | 23 | Software |
| 103 | Shammi | Dehradoon | 21 | Medicine |
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
Employee name with Arpita is deleted.

3. Updating data in a table

mysql> update Employees set City='Pune' where ID=100;

OUTPUT
mysql> Select * from Employees;

+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
| ID | Name | City | Age | Department |
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
| 100 | Reena | Pune | 22 | Technical |
| 102 | Divyansh | Delhi | 23 | Software |
| 103 | Shammi | Dehradoon | 21 | Medicine |
+------+----------+-----------+------+------------+
City name of employee with ID 100 is updated.

4. Defining constraints
mysql> alter table Employees modify Age int NOT NULL;

mysql> alter table Employees add UNIQUE(ID);

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

2. Assignment on DDL and DML commands

A. Suppose that a faculty wants to keep records about the students, the desired records should
maintain this information about each student: (Roll No, Full name, CGPA, Age, and Gender)

a. Create the appropriate Table.

mysql> create table STUDENT(Roll_no int,Full_Name Varchar(40),CGPA float,Age int,Gender
char(10));

mysql> insert into STUDENT(Roll_no,Full_Name,CGPA,Age,Gender)values(1,'Ayushi',8,22,'F'),

(2,'Abhishek',8.4,23,'M'), (3,'Ankita',8.9,20,'F'), (4,'Dwarkesh',8.3,22,'M'), (5,'Kaustubh',7.5,23,'M'),
(6,'Liza',9.3,22,'F');

OUTPUT
mysql> select* from STUDENT;
+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
| Roll_no | Full_Name | CGPA | Age | Gender |
+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
| 1 | Ayushi | 8 | 22 | F |
| 2 | Abhishek | 8.4 | 23 | M |
| 3 | Ankita | 8.9 | 20 | F |
| 4 | Dwarkesh | 8.3 | 22 | M |
| 5 | Kaustubh | 7.5 | 23 | M |
| 6 | Liza | 9.3 | 22 | F |
+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

b. Write SQL Queries to answer the following problems:

- List the names of all female students.

mysql> Select * from STUDENT where Gender='F';

+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
| Roll_no | Full_Name | CGPA | Age | Gender |
+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
| 1 | Ayushi | 8 | 22 | F |
| 3 | Ankita | 8.9 | 20 | F |
| 6 | Liza | 9.3 | 22 | F |
+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
- What is the age of the youngest male student?

mysql> Select min(Age) from STUDENT where Gender='M';

+----------+
| min(Age) |
+----------+
| 22 |
+----------+
-List the name and the CGPA for all students who got above 6.5 CGPA ordered by their
CGPAs then their names.

mysql> Select CGPA,Full_Name from STUDENT where CGPA>6.5 ORDER BY CGPA;

+------+-----------+
| CGPA | Full_Name |
+------+-----------+
| 7.5 | Kaustubh |
| 8 | Ayushi |
| 8.3 | Dwarkesh |
| 8.4 | Abhishek |
| 8.9 | Ankita |
| 9.3 | Liza |
+------+-----------+
- What is the Topper name?

mysql> Select Full_Name, MAX(CGPA) from STUDENT

where CGPA=(Select MAX(CGPA) from STUDENT);
+-----------+------------------+
| Full_Name | MAX(CGPA) |
+-----------+------------------+
| Liza | 9.30000019073486 |
+-----------+------------------+

c. Since keeping the age of the student as an attribute requires frequent changes (each year)
propose a
solution and implement it.

mysql> Update STUDENT set Age=Age+1;

Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 6 Changed: 6 Warnings: 0

mysql> Select * from STUDENT;

+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
| Roll_no | Full_Name | CGPA | Age | Gender |
+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+
| 1 | Ayushi | 8 | 23 | F |
| 2 | Abhishek | 8.4 | 24 | M |
| 3 | Ankita | 8.9 | 21 | F |
| 4 | Dwarkesh | 8.3 | 23 | M |
| 5 | Kaustubh | 7.5 | 24 | M |
| 6 | Liza | 9.3 | 23 | F |
+---------+-----------+------+------+--------+

3. A supermarket manager likes to keep records about all the items in his store these records should
hold the
following information about each item (the item identifier item_id, the item name, the item price,
expiration date of the item, quantity in hand)

a.Create the appropriate table.

mysql> create table shop(Item_id int,Item_name varchar(40),Item_price float,Expiry_date

date,Quantity int);

insert into shop values(101,'Fruit Juices',25.00,'2019-08-07',20), (102,'Noodles',10,'2019-10-

24',50),(103,'Milk',12,'2019-08-04',14),(104,'Chocolates',50.05,'2019-11-
07',35),(105,'Breads',25.02,'2019-08-03',4);

mysql> select * from shop;

+---------+--------------+------------+-------------+----------+
| Item_id | Item_name | Item_price | Expiry_date | Quantity |
+---------+--------------+------------+-------------+----------+
| 101 | Fruit Juices | 25 | 2019-08-07 | 20 |
| 102 | Noodles | 10 | 2019-10-24 | 50 |
| 103 | Milk | 12 | 2019-08-04 | 14 |
| 104 | Chocolates | 50.05 | 2019-11-07 | 35 |
| 105 | Breads | 25.02 | 2019-08-03 | 4|
+---------+--------------+------------+-------------+----------+

b.Write sql queries to answer the following problems:

- List the names and prices for all items that have a quantity in hand >20.

mysql> Select *from shop where Quantity>20;

+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------+
| Item_id | Item_name | Item_price | Expiry_date | Quantity |
+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------+
| 102 | Noodles | 10 | 2019-10-24 | 50 |
| 104 | Chocolates | 50.05 | 2019-11-07 | 35 |
+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------+
- List the names of expired items.

mysql> Select *from shop where Expiry_date<'2019-08-05';

+---------+-----------+------------+-------------+----------+
| Item_id | Item_name | Item_price | Expiry_date | Quantity |
+---------+-----------+------------+-------------+----------+
| 103 | Milk | 12 | 2019-08-04 | 14 |
| 105 | Breads | 25.02 | 2019-08-03 | 4|
+---------+-----------+------------+-------------+----------+
- name the second most expensive item.

mysql> select Item_name,MAX(Item_price) as Second_highestPrice from shop where Item_price <

(Select MAX(Item_price) from shop);

+--------------+---------------------+
| Item_name | Second_highestPrice |
+--------------+---------------------+
| Fruit Juices | 25.0200004577637 |
+--------------+---------------------+

Alter the table structure to make sure that no negative value can be assigned to the price field

mysql> alter table shop ADD CONSTRAINT CHK_Price CHECK (Item_price>0);