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Gases
18.6, 20.1
• Apply the ideal gas law to situations involving the pressure, volume,
temperature, and the number of molecules of a gas.
• Use the unit of moles in relation to numbers of molecules, molecular mass
and macroscopic mass.
• Explain the relations between microscopic and macroscopic quantities in a
gas.
• Solve problems involving the distance and time between a gas molecule’s
collisions.
1
Announcement
2
Table of contents
3
Atoms and moles
Number density
Number density
In an N-atom system that fills volume V,
N
number density =
V
4
Atomic mass and atomic mass number
5
Moles and molar mass
Avogadro’s number
Moles of substance
For a substance containing N basic
particles, the number of moles n in the
substance is
Which of these contains more atoms:
N 1 mol of helium gas (A = 4) or 1 mol of
n=
NA oxygen gas (A = 16)?
6
Moles and molar mass
7
Atoms and moles
8
Atoms and moles
9
Ideal gas law
Gases
10
Gases and gas laws
11
Gases and gas laws
12
Boyle’s law
13
Charles’ law
14
Gas laws
15
Ideal gas law
pV = nRT
where p is in Pa (= N m−2 ), V is in m −3 , n
is the number of moles in the gas,
R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1 , T is in K.
pV = NkB T
17
Ideal gas law
18
Ideal gas law
19
Ideal gas law
20
The kinetic theory of gases
Micro-macro connection
21
Molecular speeds and collisions
22
Molecular speeds and collisions
L
λ=
Ncoll
23
Molecular speeds and collisions
1
λ= √
4 2π(N/V)r2
24
Molecular speeds and collisions
Try this
Determine the mean free path of a nitrogen molecule at STP (1.0 atm and 0 ◦C)
and compare it with your calculation for the average separation between gas
molecules at STP in the previous exercise.
25
Molecular speeds and collisions
26
Reference answers
27