Name: Zaim, Inan, Manuel, Rico

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 1: Studying the Effect of Blood Vessel Radius on Blood Flow Rate Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. Blood flow is measured in

You correctly answered: b. ml/min.

2. Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow?

You correctly answered: a. blood vessel radius

3. Which of the following would not result in a decrease in the blood vessel radius?
You correctly answered: c. vasodilation

4. The diameter of the blood vessel is the same as

You correctly answered: b. two times the radius of the blood vessel.

5. The opening of the blood vessel where the blood flows is called the
You correctly answered: b. lumen.

03/20/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What do you think will happen to the flow rate if the radius is increased by 0.5 mm?
Your answer : b. The flow rate will increase.

Predict Question 2: Do you think a graph plotted with radius on the X-axis and flow rate on the Y-axis will be linear (a
straight line)?
Your answer : b. no

Stop & Think Questions:

What is the driving force for blood flow?
You correctly answered: b. pressure gradient

How does the body increase the blood vessel radius?

Your answer : a. smooth muscle contraction
Correct answer: c. smooth muscle relaxation

Experiment Data:

Flow (ml/min) Radius (mm) Viscosity Length (mm) Pressure (mm Hg)
4.0 1.5 1.0 50 100
12.6 2.0 1.0 50 100
30.7 2.5 1.0 50 100
63.6 3.0 1.0 50 100
117.8 3.5 1.0 50 100
201.0 4.0 1.0 50 100
321.9 4.5 1.0 50 100
490.6 5.0 1.0 50 100

03/20/19 page 2
03/20/19 page 3
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. The variable that you altered in this activity was

You correctly answered: c. vessel radius.

2. Vessel radius and fluid flow

You correctly answered: b. are directly proportional.

3. After a heavy meal, when we are relatively inactive, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscles to be
somewhat __________ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat __________.
You correctly answered: d. constricted, dilated

4. When you increased the flow tube radius, the fluid flow rate
You correctly answered: a. increased.

03/20/19 page 4
Review Sheet Results
1. Explain how the body establishes a pressure gradient for fluid flow.
Your answer:
By hard constraction, the pressure gradient is established

2. Explain the effect that the flow tube radius change had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your
prediction?
Your answer:
As we increased the flow tube radius, the flow rate increased as well. So, the flow tube increased the flow rate.

3. Describe the effect that radius changes have on the laminar flow of a fluid.
Your answer:
When radius is increased, the flow of fluid get more free to flow than when the radius is lower. In the other hand, when
radius is narrow the flow of a fluid is restricted so the rate will be lower.

4. Why do you think the plot was not linear? (Hint: look at the relationship of the variables in the equation). How well did the
results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Because, as we can see in the graph line, the line is not straight because the radius and flow rate have not just simple
proportion. Flow rate have proportion with the fourth power of radius.

03/20/19 page 5
Name: Faal Prak Ex 5 Act 2

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 2: Studying the Effect of Blood Viscosity on Blood Flow Rate Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 75% by answering 3 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following is not a formed element?

You correctly answered: c. plasma protein

2. Thrombocytopenia is a reduction in platelets. What effect do you think this could have on blood viscosity?
You correctly answered: b. decrease blood viscosity

3. Which of the following does not contribute to the viscosity of the blood?
You correctly answered: d. oxygen level in the blood

4. Viscosity most directly affects

Your answer : d. blood pressure.
Correct answer: b. peripheral resistance.

03/20/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: What effect do you think increasing the viscosity will have on the fluid flow rate?
Your answer : c. The fluid flow rate will decrease.

Stop & Think Questions:

What is the relationship between fluid flow and viscosity?
You correctly answered: b. They are inversely proportional to each other.

What effect do you think aplastic anemia (reduced red blood cells) would have on blood flow?
You correctly answered: a. increased blood flow due to decreased viscosity

Experiment Data:

Flow (ml/min) Radius (mm) Viscosity Length (mm) Pressure (mm Hg)
490.6 5.0 1.0 50 100
245.3 5.0 2.0 50 100
163.5 5.0 3.0 50 100
122.7 5.0 4.0 50 100
98.1 5.0 5.0 50 100
81.8 5.0 6.0 50 100
70.1 5.0 7.0 50 100
61.3 5.0 8.0 50 100

03/20/19 page 2
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. The variable that you altered in this activity was

You correctly answered: a. viscosity.

2. Increasing viscosity resulted in

You correctly answered: b. decreased flow rate.

3. What effect would a decreased hematocrit have on blood flow?

You correctly answered: d. decreased viscosity, increased flow

4. What do you predict would be the overall affect on viscosity during dehydration?
You correctly answered: b. increased viscosity, decreased flow

03/20/19 page 3
Review Sheet Results
1. Describe the components in the blood that affect viscosity.
Your answer:
Plasma preteins, white blood cell, red blood cell and platelets in the blood

2. Explain the effect that the viscosity change had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
when viscosity increases, flow rate of blood decreases

3. Describe the graph of flow versus viscosity.

Your answer:
viscosity and flow rate have inverse proportion

4. Discuss the effect that polycythemia would have on viscosity and on blood flow.
Your answer:
Polycythemia describe as increasing of red blood cell. So when red blood cell is increasing, the viscosity of blood will
increase. The flow rate will decreases.

03/20/19 page 4
Name: achi ais cece rasend

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 3: Studying the Effect of Blood Vessel Length on Blood Flow Rate Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. When the length of the blood vessel increases, which of the following also increases?
You correctly answered: d. both friction and surface area

2. Blood vessel length decreases

You correctly answered: c. when we lose weight.

3. Blood flow is
You correctly answered: b. directly proportional to vessel radius to the fourth power.

4. Which of the following correctly describes resistance to flow?

You correctly answered: a. Resistance to flow increases with increased vessel length.

03/20/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: What effect do you think increasing the flow tube length will have on the fluid flow rate?
Your answer : c. The fluid flow rate will decrease.

Stop & Think Questions:

What is the relationship between fluid flow and flow tube length?
You correctly answered: b. They are inversely proportional to each other.

Which is more likely to occur on a daily basis?

You correctly answered: b. changes in blood vessel diameter

Experiment Data:

Flow (ml/min) Radius (mm) Viscosity Length (mm) Pressure (mm Hg)
90.8 3.0 3.5 10 100
60.6 3.0 3.5 15 100
45.4 3.0 3.5 20 100
36.3 3.0 3.5 25 100
30.3 3.0 3.5 30 100
26.0 3.0 3.5 35 100
22.7 3.0 3.5 40 100

03/20/19 page 2
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Increasing the flow tube length is analogous to increasing blood vessel length. How did this affect the flow rate?
You correctly answered: b. The flow rate decreased.

2. Which of the following correctly describes the relationships between blood vessel length, resistance, and blood flow?
You correctly answered: c. Blood vessel length is directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to blood flow.

3. Which of the following correctly describes the relationships between blood vessel radius, resistance, and blood flow?
You correctly answered: d. Blood vessel radius is inversely proportional to resistance and directly proportional to blood flow.

4. Which of the following describes why the body might require an increase in vessel radius?
You correctly answered: a. to provide more blood flow and, therefore, nutrients to a particular body part

03/20/19 page 3
Review Sheet Results
1. Which is more likely to occur, a change in blood vessel radius or a change in blood vessel length? Explain why.
Your answer:
A change in blood vessel radius is more likely to occur, because the length of a person's blood vessels changes only as a
person grows and generally remains constant.

2. Explain the effect that the change in blood vessel length had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your
prediction?
Your answer:
As the length increased, the flow rate decreased as predicted.

3. Explain why you think blood vessel radius can have a larger effect on the body than changes in blood vessel length (use
the blood flow equation).
Your answer:
While the flow rate is proportional to the length, the flow rate is proprtional to the fourth power of the radius.

4. Describe the effect that obesity would have on blood flow and why.
Your answer:
Obesity would make vessel length longer than normal, so the flow rate of blood would decreases.

03/20/19 page 4
Name: FAAL B3 EXERCISE 5 ACTIVITY 4

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 4: Studying the Effect of Blood Pressure on Blood Flow Rate Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Pressure changes in the cardiovascular system primarily result from

You correctly answered: b. changes in the force of contraction of the heart.

2. What is the driving force for blood flow?

You correctly answered: d. pressure gradient

3. Which of the following is directly proportional to blood flow?

You correctly answered: e. blood vessel radius and pressure gradient

4. Arteries close to the heart need to be able to compensate for

You correctly answered: c. pressure changes.

03/20/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What effect do you think increasing the pressure will have on the fluid flow rate?
Your answer : b. The fluid flow rate will increase.

Predict Question 2: Do you think a graph plotted with pressure on the X-axis and flow rate on the Y-axis will be linear (a
straight line)?
Your answer : a. yes

Stop & Think Questions:

This experiment uses pressure changes to model
You correctly answered: c. changes in the force of contraction of the heart.

Experiment Data:

Flow (ml/min) Radius (mm) Viscosity Length (mm) Pressure (mm Hg)
35.0 5.0 3.5 50 25
70.1 5.0 3.5 50 50
105.1 5.0 3.5 50 75
140.2 5.0 3.5 50 100
175.2 5.0 3.5 50 125
210.3 5.0 3.5 50 150
245.3 5.0 3.5 50 175
280.4 5.0 3.5 50 200

03/20/19 page 2
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. The effect of increasing pressure was to

You correctly answered: b. increase flow rate.

2. Blood pressure is measured in

You correctly answered: c. mm Hg.

3. Which of the following variables has the greatest effect on blood flow?
You correctly answered: d. vessel radius

4. Blood flow is measured in

You correctly answered: a. ml/min.

03/20/19 page 3
Review Sheet Results
1. Explain the effect that pressure changes had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Flow rate will be increased along with the increased pressure

2. How does the plot differ from the plots for tube radius, viscosity, and tube length? How well did the results compare with
your prediction?
Your answer:
Plot between the flow rate and pressure makes straight line, only pressure among all factors because the tube radius,
viscosity, and tube length are same at all experiment.

3. Explain why pressure changes are not the best way to control blood flow.
Your answer:
Because, greater pressure may not matched with the blood vessels which has small radius. It may causes rupture on the
blood vessels and along with that, it may causes another complication such as stroke. The blood flow must be on a normal
condition.

4. Use your data to calculate the increase in flow rate in ml/min/mm Hg.
Your answer:
1.4

03/20/19 page 4
Name: Agnes, Melani, Novi

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 5: Studying the Effect of Blood Vessel Radius on Pump Activity Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. The heart is resting during

You correctly answered: c. ventricular diastole.

2. The right side of the heart pumps blood

You correctly answered: d. to the lungs.

3. The layer of the blood vessel that is stimulated by the autonomic nervous system is
You correctly answered: b. smooth muscle.

4. In the experiment, the pump simulates

You correctly answered: b. the left ventricle of the heart.

5. If the right beaker simulates the flow of blood to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube
represent?
You correctly answered: d. aortic valve and aorta

03/20/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: If you increase the flow tube radius, what will happen to the pump rate to maintain constant pressure?
Your answer : b. The pump rate will decrease.

Stop & Think Questions:

When the piston of the pump reaches its lowest point, the volume remaining in the pump is the
You correctly answered: b. end systolic volume.

If you increase the right flow tube radius, what will happen to resistance and flow rate?
You correctly answered: b. Flow rate will increase and resistance will decrease.

If the left flow tube represents the pulmonary veins, what does the left source beaker represent?
You correctly answered: d. blood coming from the lungs

Experiment Data:

Flow (ml/min) Rad. L (mm) Rad. R (mm) Str. V (ml) Rate Press. L (mm Hg) Press. Dif. R (mm Hg)
(strokes/min)
6607.2 3.5 3.0 70 94.9 40 40
9423.9 3.5 3.5 70 134.6 40 40
11882.5 3.5 4.0 70 169.8 40 40
13798.3 3.5 4.5 70 197.1 40 40
15198.7 3.5 5.0 70 217.1 40 40

03/20/19 page 2
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. The pump piston in the simulation is up during

You correctly answered: b. diastole.

2. The pump in the simulation represents the

You correctly answered: c. left ventricle.

3. The amount of blood flowing into the destination beaker (right beaker) with a single pump is called the
You correctly answered: d. stroke volume.

4. In this experiment, the increase in right flow tube radius resulted in

You correctly answered: b. an increase in flow rate, which increased the pump rate.

5. Which chamber should be present in the flow pattern of the experiment, given that the vessels and valves surrounding it
are present (the chamber was omitted from the experiment for simplicity)?
You correctly answered: d. left atrium

03/20/19 page 3
Review Sheet Results
1. Explain the effect of increasing the right flow tube radius on the flow rate, resistance, and pump rate.
Your answer:
By increasing the right flow tube radius, flow rate will increased, the resistance decreased and pump rate increased.

2. Describe what the left and right beakers in the experiment correspond to in the human heart.
Your answer:
The left beaker is lung, the middle beaker is ;eft heart and the right beaker represents body system.

3. Briefly describe how the human heart could compensate for flow rate changes to maintain blood pressure.
Your answer:
When the flow rate increases, the heart pumps more faster to mantain the blood flow.

03/20/19 page 4
Name: Ryan, anggista, nabila, astrid

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 6: Studying the Effect of Stroke Volume on Pump Activity Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following variables directly contributes to preload?

You correctly answered: b. venous return

2. Which of the following would not increase end diastolic volume?

You correctly answered: c. dehydration

3. Increased contractility of the heart results in all but which of the following?
You correctly answered: d. increased end systolic volume

4. Which of the following does not affect stroke volume?

You correctly answered: d. All of these affect stroke volume.

5. Which of the following is not equivalent to the others?

You correctly answered: c. end diastolic volume

03/20/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: If the pump rate is analogous to the heart rate, what do you think will happen to the rate when you
increase the stroke volume?
Your answer : a. The pump rate will decrease to maintain cardiac output.

Stop & Think Questions:

Why did changing the ending pump volume (ESV) automatically change the stroke volume?
You correctly answered: d. The heart intrinsically alters stroke volume to accommodate changes in preload.

The flow has stayed constant with each trial because

You correctly answered: a. cardiac output is equivalent to blood flow.

How does the heart provide for an increase in stroke volume?

You correctly answered: b. by increasing contractility

Experiment Data:

Flow Rad. L Rad. R Str. V (ml) Rate Press. L Press. Dif. R

(ml/min) (mm) (mm) (strokes/min) (mm Hg) (mm Hg)
5086.8 3.0 3.0 10 508.7 40 40
5086.8 3.0 3.0 20 254.3 40 40
5086.8 3.0 3.0 30 169.6 40 40
5086.8 3.0 3.0 40 127.2 40 40
5086.8 3.0 3.0 50 101.7 40 40
5086.8 3.0 3.0 60 84.8 40 40
5086.8 3.0 3.0 80 63.6 40 40
5086.8 3.0 3.0 100 50.8 40 40

03/20/19 page 2
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. What do you think would happen when stroke volume is decreased?

You correctly answered: b. Pump rate would increase.

2. Why might an athlete's resting heart rate be lower than that of the average person?
You correctly answered: e. Stroke volume and contractility have increased.

3. In this activity, which of the following stayed constant?

You correctly answered: c. flow rate

4. Which of the following is true?

You correctly answered: d. ESV = EDV - SV

03/20/19 page 3
Review Sheet Results
1. Describe the Frank-Starling law in the heart.
Your answer:
if the cardiac muscle cel strech stronger, the force of contraction will be greater

2. Explain what happened to the pump rate when you increased the stroke volume? Why do you think this occurred? How
well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
because pump rate and stroke volume are the factor of cardiac output

3. Describe how the heart alters stroke volume.

Your answer:
if heart contractility is changed, heart can alters stroke volume

4. Describe the intrinsic factors that control stroke volume.

Your answer:
the contractility is the force that the muscle create at the given lenght. The preload give the volume of blood thhe ventricle
has available to pump. So the intrinsic factor control stroke volume is contractility and preload

03/20/19 page 4