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.AT IN ETYMOLOGY

VÁLPY.
•$xtJnv.rw
A.FRANCK
I.UUE K1CHELIEU
 A MANUAL

OF

LATIN ETYMOLOGY,

AS ULTIMATELY DERIVED, WITH BUT FEW EXCEPTIONS,

FROM THE GREEK LANGUAGE:

IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF WORDS.

TOGETHER WITH
THE FORMATION OF THE LATIN CASES, TENSES, MOODS, PERSONS, AND OTHER
TERMINATIONS FROM THE GREEK.

BY THE REV. F. E. J. VALPY, M.A.,

RECTOR OF GARVESTON, NORFOLK,
AND FORMERLY HEAD-MASTER OF READING SCHOOL.
'OY
tE%t Jfcecottft edition,
ENTIRELY RE-WRITTEN, AND IMPROVED IN EVERT PAR'

" Let any person cast his eye over the map of Ancient Greece and Italy, and he will perceive, that those tribes, who
spoke the Doric and iEolic dialects in the former country, were nearest in point of communication with the latter, and
may therefore be supposed to have imparted, in the first instance, to the inhabitants of Italy, a knowledge of their
dialect and language."—Professor Dunbar.
"The Sanskrit and the Latin must be founded in a great measure on the Greek."—Id.

LONDON :
SOLD BY LONGMAN AND CO.; AND H. G. BOIIN.
1852.
 Work» by the same Author, and published by Messrs. Longman & Co., London.

THE THIRD GREEK DELECTUS; or, New Analecta Majora: with English
Notes. 8vo. 15s. 6d.
Separately : Part I. Prose. 8». 6d.
Part II. Poetry. 9s. 6d.
THE SECOND GREEK DELECTUS ; or, New Analecta Minora : with English
Notes, and a copious Greek and English Lexicon. New Edition. 8vo. 9s. 6d.
GREEK EXERCISES ; being an Introduction to Greek Composition : leading the
Student from the Elements of Grammar to the higher parts of Syntax; with a Greek-English
Lexicon, Specimens of the Greek Dialects, and the Critical Canons of Dawes and Porson. New
Edition. 12mo. 6s. 6d.
The KEY is published, price 3s.
THE SECOND LATIN DELECTUS : with English Notes. New edition. 8vo. 6*.
ELECTA EX OVIDIO ET TIBULLO : with copious English Notes. New edition.
4s. 6d. The Selection is the same as that used at Eton, with the addition of the Notes.
EPITOME SACR^ HISTORLE : with English Notes. 18mo. 2a. Eighth Edition.

Also by the same Author, and published by J. Hatchard and Son, Piccadilly.
THE COURSE OF NATURE URGED, ON PRINCIPLES OF ANALOGY, in
vindication of Particular Texts of Scripture from Sceptical Objections. In Sixty Sections. 12mo. 5s.
This is intended as a practical Illustration of Bp. Butler's celebrated work on the Analogy of Natural
and Revealed Religion.

so' tf^i

W'. Ò w

HUGHES, PRINTER, KING'S HEAD COURT, GOUGH SQUARE.

Price Seven Shillings.

 PREFACE.

At a former period Becman and Voss were fond of referring Latin words to the Hebrew,
and Home Tooke to the Teutonic or kindred dialects : Pott, Bopp, and Donaldson are
now fond of referring them to the Sanskrit. I think that the immediate descent of the
Latin from the j33olic Greek is much more certain, easy, and agreeable.
With some writers the Greek Language is thought posterior to the Latin, and they
even enter into historical details to prove it. Yet I prefer Professor Dunbar's opinion,
which forms the mottos to this work ; and Servius of old declared (Virg. Georg. 3. 148) :
' Constat GRjECAM PRIMAM esse.' So of such a necessary word as Ager, Quintilian
states (i. cap. 3. al. 10.) : ' Agrum ex GRiECO manifestum duci.' How could such
common words as Hunc, Hanc, Hoc be otherwise than from the Greek, "Ov k or "Ov y, "hv k
or "Aw y , "o k or "O y 1 and not these last from the Latin ? So Domus from Ao/ior, and not
the reverse : since Aó/ios is from dtpa, èéèopa, Greek words, not found in Latin. So
Natus or Gnatus from yewáa, yevvârós. So Do from 8óco the old present of èáa-a, allied
to ôáû>, 8aíù> to divide, then distribute, and to Siò, which expresses division in Stare/iàt» xp°a>
&C. So Sto from aráai, arm, whence <rrrjira> ; <rráa> being contracted from i'o-rao), perf.
Horaica or (<m)<a, formed from êa>, ccttoi, to place. So Ab and A from àirò, mf or à(j>, and
not cwrò from Ab. But I need not enlarge. In pursuing the inductive method, I have told
my tale : others will tell theirs.
Some indeed may think it a useless labor to affiliate the Latin to the Greek, and there
to leave it : and they may consider it nothing but a revival of the old question : * If Atlas
sustained the world, who sustained Atlas?' But in cases, where 'non datur ultrà,' it will
be undoubtedly interesting * quâdam prodire tenus :' and in cases where we can prosecute
our researches further, it will be interesting and useful to carry them on in the Greek, or
to extend them to a different language.
But it may be said, See how fanciful are many of these derivations ! Who can place
any confidence in them ? In reply to this, I would refer to some etymologies which
are acknowledged by every one. In Triumphus from QpíafiÇios there are three changes :
6 into T, A into U, B into PH. Yet who doubts the truth of this etymology ? At
least, who doubts the affinity of these words ? In Formica also from Mvp^Ka through
the jEolic Bípfir}Ka are avowedly three changes. Vulgus is allowed by all to flow from *O^Xor,
through the digammated FóxXos and by transposition ^óX^oî : Viscus from 'l£òr, the jEolic
iv PREFACE.
Asòf, Vicsus, by transposition Viscus : Vinum from olvov, the jEolic Foivov : Folium from
^vXXov, where the Y becomes O, and the second A becomes I. Even in the very clearest
words of agreement there are undoubted changes, and these should lead us to expect
them anywhere : Genu from róW, Canis from Kvvòs, Forma from yiop<pà, Fera from eíjpa,
Fur from *ò>p, Mola from MúXij, Ulcus from "eXkoç, Imbris from "OpPpos, Cinis from KóW,
Fallo from 20óXX<», Domo from Aapâ, Jugum from Zvyòv, In from 'Ev, Ab from 'An-', Lupus
from Aíikos, Vespera from 'Ea-népa, Super from 'Ynép ; these, and numerous others, evince
the universal change which took place. And so it happened when the Latin itself was
corrupted. Who would think that the French Congé is from Commeatus, and Singe
from Simia? Yet they are both true. His oculis vidi the Latin Commeatus written in
low Latin Comiatus, which (as Donné from Donatus) became Comié, Comjé, Congé.
And as Rosa is in French Rose, so Simia or Simja became Simje or Singe. So the French
have also Boutique from Apotheca, Oncle from Avunculus, Ouir from Audire, Maison from
Mansione, Toi from Tibi, Moi from Mihi, Roi from Rege, Loi from Lege, Dieu from Deo,
Lieu from Loco, Feu from Foco, Jeu from Joco, Œil from Oculo, Doigt from Digito, and
a thousand other changes. Trace the Italian and the Spanish, and you will see vast changes
there also. In our own language how great are the acknowledged changes ! Thus there
are no less than three in Bishop from Episcopus. Observe Alms from 'EXe^/uoo-wi/, Hermit
from Eremîta, Devil from Diabolus, Church from Kvpiaicri, Ostler from Hospitaler, and a
hundred others. One change also has the tendency to produce another : thus Salopshire, by
becoming Slopshire, fell into Sropshire, and finally Shropshire. And Scintilla, by becoming
in French Escintelle, became also écintelle, and finally étincelle. I conclude then, that,
because changes may appear fanciful, there requires something better than mere declamation
to prove them false. The fact remains of great alterations having taken place in the
formation of new languages on the breaking up of old ones. It may fairly indeed be
required of an etymological Writer, that he should justify any changes of letters he
proposes, by clear and palpable examples : and this I trust I have done.
Again, it may be asked, How can four or five different accounts of the etymology
of the same word be agreeable to truth or to the fact ? Yet, as certainty is not usually
attainable by man, it is sometimes not easy to determine ex cathedrd, in cases of differ-
ence of opinion, as to what derivation should unhesitatingly be adopted. And, if an
Author has formed his own judgment, he cannot suppose that his Readers must always
see with his eyes, or be satisfied with his aims ifprj. No : in this world of uncertainty
and of diversity of sentiment the correct method is to lay before the Reader the results
of the labors of the learned, and to give him the power to judge of the merits of their
respective conjectures. The Reader will be the judge, and he ought to be. Let me add
that it is highly entertaining to observe the difference of thought among the learned,
and to see not only the truth; but the approaches to it ; and that he would be a bad
 PREFACE. V
Commentator on the Bible who should express his own opinion on the interpretation of
the sacred Text, consider that as indubïè genuinam, and pass over in silence the opinions
of preceding Annotators.
In order to give a fair and correct meaning to Greek words, and not to strain them
to suit my own purposes, I have been careful to give no meaning but what I have
found in the Lexicons, especially in those of Stephens, and of Liddell and Scott.
For the greater part of the derivations in this volume I am indebted to preceding or
contemporary Etymologists : but of the origin of many words I have the responsibility.
I may observe that I hope I have succeeded in bringing to a higher degree of certainty many
etymologies which appeared of a very doubtful quality in consequence of the imperfect
state in which they were exhibited. When it was said that Medius was from McVor, it
is clear that the truth was but half told, as it is contracted from Mfo-i'ôios. I have
brought, I trust, some useful adminicula, in every part of this publication, to support
the pretensions of derivations which were true, but which needed confirmation or illus
tration.
Notwithstanding the analogy pointed out in this volume between the Latin and the
Greek, so different are these languages, that, if we take at random a certain number of
Latin words, we shall find but few of them to correspond in sound to the Greek. One
cause is that of the changes of letters, evidences of which I have already produced.—
Another cause is that the Latins formed new words from those which they introduced
from Greece. Thus Visio has no alliance in sound with "Oifris, nor Visum with "opafia
or &áo-fia, or Invideo with *0<Wa> ; and yet Visio, Visum, Invideo are all from the Greek
EtSo through the Latin Video. So the Latins did not express a Monkey by nWijKor, but
by Simia formed from Simus through 'S.ifiós. So the Modern Greeks express a Chain by
Zóot), a word which was unknown to their ancestors, but derived from Zóa, Záwvfii. So
the French Prés, near, from Pressus, &c.—Another cause of difference is that derivative
languages use compound words to express old terms in a new form : Thus the Spring in
French is Prin-tems, or Primum tempus, and in English is Prima-rosa or the Primrose.
So again in French, Col-porteur, Presqu'île, &c.—A fourth reason is that the Latins
derived their language from the iEolic tribes, who had words and sounds peculiar to
themselves, and unknown to the Ionic and Attic races. — Lastly, derivative languages
apply words in a manner unknown to the writers in the primary language. Thus the
French express the Head by Tête, or, as it was anciently, Teste, formed from Testa, a
shell, and thus the Shell of the Head. Mea Testa for My Head would have been thought
by Cicero a strange expression. So again, the French express Softly by Doucement
from Dulcis.
I am well aware of the difficulty of this undertaking, and trust that the Reader will visit
errors of omission and commission not with the unrelenting severity of a censor, but with
ri PREFACE.

the kind indulgence of a patron and a friend. I shall receive with feelings of sincere
gratitude any suggestions towards the improvement of this Work, and humbly beg to
remind the Reader of the advice of the Latin Poet :
Si quid novisti rectius istis,
Candidus imperii : si non, his utere mecura.
And now I would adopt the language of a writer who has himself labored in the
field of Etymology : " That such a work is useful will perhaps be more readily admitted
than that it has been usefully executed ; but he, that has labored long in attempting to
remove the obstructions to science, is not willing to add despondence to his difliculties,
and to believe that he has labored in vain."
I must, in conclusion, acknowledge my obligations to the Rev. J. E. Riddle, who has
supplied very many useful etymologies. The Larger Latin Dictionary, which he has lately
published, is admirably put together, and is a very elegant as well as comprehensive work.
To my old friend, James Bailey, Esq., I must express myself much indebted for many
suggestions, as well as to Doctors Donaldson, Hawtrey, Kennedy, Liddell, Phillips, and
Stocker, to Professors Key and Dunbar, and to the Rev. T. K. Arnold.

ft appear before words of which no account is given.

t is prefixed to words of a very dubious character.
Large Capitals are foreign words not borrowed from the Greek language.
GR. is put for GREEK.
Schw. is Schwenck's Etymol. Worterbuch.
 A MANUAL OF LATIN ETYMOLOGY.
A ACE
A, soft for ab, as Ex, E ; From, Fro' ; An, A ; Ad,
French à.
Ab, ítt, as ìm', suP, suB. Or àtp', v<p', as S/uíœ,
amBo.
Abacus, a desk. "AjScil, a/tos.
Abâvus, great-great-grandfather. Ab, as removed
far back, (a) Riddle from avus-avus. Avavus.
Abdïco, I discard, renounce : Gr. cWcfarcurOai iraîSa.
Dtco, as dtcax, maledìcus, prœdìco. (2) Dtco : give
from one to another. 'Abdico me magistratu' is said.
Abdo, I hide. As Condo, êdo.
Abdomen. Abdo, abdûmen, as Legumen, Albu
men. O, as clûdo and clôdo ; xTaw> c°lo ; and see
Bitumen. ' As usually covered and hidden from view.
Or as the food and intestines are buried there :' For-
cell. ' Hidden under the skin. Or abdit omentum :'
Becm. (B)'Freund: Adept, adipis, adipomen, ap-
domen.
Abêcëdaria, alphabet. A, B, C, D, as with us
To say one's A, B, C. So Alphabetum from Alpha,
Beta.
Abies, a fir. Turton : ' From Jtirioj, a wild pear,
the fruit of which its cones somewhat resemble.'
B, as raBies. (2) ' Perhaps from abeo, as 4\árri
from 4\áa, i\aíva :' Ridd. The reason is not appa
rent.
Abïga, ground-pine. Pliny : ' It has the power
abigendi partus, of procuring abortion : hence the
name.'
Abïsis. Abi si vis.
Ablâqueo, I make a ditch about a tree. Lacus,
lacuis.
Ablegmtna, parts of entrails abandoned to the
gods. Ablëgo, as Neyligo. So Tego, Tegmina, after
Gr. \e\eyficva.
Abnuo, I refuse. See Nuo.
Abôleo, I destroy. Oleo, I grow. Ab negatives,
as Aborior. (2) 'Awo\éa, àiróAAvfii.
Abolla, military robe. "A$oWa in Arrian, from
cWjSoAct or a.fixpi0o\d.
Abrôtônum, southernwood. OR.
Abs, soft for ab before certain consonants, like
Obs-, Subs-. (2) *Aif, back from. As aBSinthium.
Absens, absent : abs-ens.
Absinthium, wormwood, àif/lvBiov.
Absis, a vault. "Atyis, as above.
1 A
Absque, except, without. Abs, and que i. e. kj? or
«f, as in Quicunque, Plerique, Quisque, Susque,
Deque.
Abstëmius. For abstemetius from temelum. See
Temulentus.
Absurdus, grating, &c. Abs-tmridus, abs-aurdus,
i. e. ' abs auribus alienus,' Dumesn. So incUso.
(2) From which one turns, and gives surdam aurem,
a deaf ear to.
Abundè. Unda. From water breaking from its
banks. So abundo, inundo, undanti cruore, Virg.
So Affluens.
Abyssus, abyss. "Afivcraros.
Ac. Atque, atq', ate, as Neque, Nec. Then ae.
Acacia, Acâdêmïa (& -ïa), Acanthis, Acanthus,
Acâtus. GR.
Accendo, light up. Cando. See Candeo.
Accensi, supernumeraries. Accenseo, accensum.
Added to the number. Also, Serjeants, beadles.
I. e., ascripti, attached to the other magistrates, as
either equals or inferiors.
Accïpïter, hawk. Usually referred to accipio, ac-
cipitum, (as Ancipitis to An-cipitum, and as Ago,
Agitum, whence Agito,) in the sense of capio to
seize or steal. yEsop : toy Xafiirra. (who had stolen)
líéaxov K\4wrr\v. Thus <pepa is used in a violent
sense, as Euripides, ApdKovTts etpçpov t4kvo. yvá&ois.
So &ym Kal rpépoi. (2) But it is probably a corrup
tion for occipiter, occipitrus, from htfrnrtpos, òjií-
ircrpos, having quick wings. See Auric/talcum.
Accllnis, reclining, inclining. KAÍva, inclino, Sfe.
Accûso. See Inenso.
Aceo, am sour. 'Akìi, a point. To be pungent.
âcer, sharp. 'AK^p Mo\. of ^/c)|s as in à/Kp-íiKrjs.
Hesychius : 'Hkìj, ò|ií. So celeS, celeR.
acer, the maple-tree, which, says Dr. Johnson, has
jagged or angular leaves. Hence acer from cutis, JE.
háp, a point, edge. A thing pointed or edged. As
irolp, puEr.
Acerbus, bitter. From aceo, or nearer through
âcer, like Super, Superbus. Thus arena from Sreo.
Acerra, vessel containing incense ; others say, to
burn incense in. From âcer, as made of that wood.
As Pyxis from núfos. Aceris, acerera, as Patera,
'Ewirepa; then acerra. 'Some think the incense was
not burnt in the acerra, but was kept in it and taken
 ACE
from it to be dropped on the altar. Thus Ovid, De
acerrd libare ; and Persius :' Fore. (2) Corrupted
from icrx^P", à<?x*Pa> an altar: ascerera, acerra.
Festus calls it an altar placed before a dead person
and on which incense was burnt.
Acersëcômes, Acêrus. GR.
Acervus, heap. As Aperio, Operio, Omitto for
Adperio, Obperio, Obmitto; agervus for aggervus
from aggero, whence aggerivm, as Cado, Cadivus;
then aggervus, agervus, acervus, as paCiscor for
paGiscor. Vus, much as Bus in acerBus, superBus.
(2) 'Ayelpw, iytpw, to collect. (3) From acus, ace-
ris. A chaff-heap, Gr. àxvp/iía. (4) 'Axis, &c. As
rising in a point.
Acetabulum, Acêtâria, Acëtum. Aceo.
Achates, Achôres, Achras. GR.
Acia, Acidus, Acies. 'Axi/, a point.
Acînâces, scimitar. 'AkWkijî.
Acinus, grape-stone, kernel, raisin, berry. Aceo,
as Dominus, Facinus. From the tartness or sharp
ness of the stones, particularly as compared to the
fruit.
Acïpenser, Aquïpenser, a sturgeon. Soft for agui-
fenser from aqua andfensus, iratus (in Gloss. Isidor.).
' It swims against the stream, contrary to other fish
which swim with the stream :' Forcellini from Pliny
9.17. So Vomer, Vomeris. (2) From findo, fin-
sum, fissum. (3) Riddle from oKnrijirtoi. As Itha-
censis, I suppose, and 'I&urijo-ios. But what is
aKiirfitrtos ? (4) Scheid. from Inch and ttiWo.
Aclis, a short dart. 'AynvMs, iyuMs, cucAls, con
sidered the same as àyKv\ri, which is both the thong
of a javelin and the javelin itself. Festus says that
the aclides were fastened with thongs.
Acna, Acnua, a measure of land. 'Apparently
from &Ko>a or Sicaira, which is the same :' Forcell.
Acôlûthus, Aconîtum, Acosmos. GR.
Acrëdûla, variously stated to be an owl, thrush,
linnet, nightingale, goldfinch. By it Cicero trans
lates ôAoAiryài/, (from 0\o\vfa,) 'the tree-frog, named
from its note :' Lidd. So acredula ab acri cantu.
See Ficedula. Or from acre ido : much as Grave-
olcns. The author of the Carm. de Philom. has the A
short ; by what authority seems unknown. Agredula
is also written.
Acroâma, Acroâsis. GR.
Acta, a shore. 'Akt^.
Actuaria navis, light galley. As easily acta, driven
on.
Actuârius, actuary, who writes acta, deeds.
Actûtum, immediately. Ago, actum. As Cinctus,
Cinctutus. Priscian : Ab acru, i. e. celeritate. With
activity and despatch. Voss : Tam citò quàm agere
possis : as Moi is Tam citò quàm movere te possis.
' As Astu, Astutum :' Ridd.
Aciileus, Acumen, Acuo, Acus. From òk?), a point.
Acus, Cris, chaff. Allied to Gr. &x«pov.
2
ADU
Ad. Apud, ad, as Volis, Vis ; our Haved, Had.
(2) 'Es Si, «îè, ISS, ad.
Adâgium, proverb. As suited (ad agendum) for
action.
Adâmas, adamant. 'ASdfias.
Adbïto. See Beta.
Adeps, ádïpis, fat. Apio, to join, cohere with it
self or the flesh. As îtj/iìs from Sew. (2) Allied to
à\(í(pm : Ridd. As Lacryma.
Adlubeo, hold out to. Habeo.
Adïmo. See Emo.
Admïnïculum. Ad, to which I apply manum, my
hand. Cicero : ' Vites claviculis adminicula tanquam
manibus apprehendunt.'
Admôdum, exactly, altogether. Ad modum justum.
As propemodum. We say, To a degree.
Adoleo. Properly, to make to smell with per
fume, and hence to bring out perfume by burning.
See oleo, to smell. Servius explains it to increase,
heap up, from oleo, to make to grow.
Adôlesco. Oleo, to grow.
Ador, âdôris and adôris, pure wheat. Priscian
from adiro, ' as used in adorations of the gods, i. e.
in sacrifices :' as Libum is referred to Libo. Thus
Agger from Aggero. (2) Festus for adur from aduro t
as burnt to make the 'mola salsa' of sacrifices.
(3) Scaliger : ' The ancients said adur, the Greeks
&6vp, as 0fi>s, Deus.' But the Greek is aBbp, an car
of corn. As some refer cOr to xHp. (4) Turton
from a; Sipv : ' This corn being without the beard or
ear.'
Adôrea, allowance adoris, of corn after a victory.
Adôro. Os, oris. Dumesnil : ' To salute with
the profoundest reverence, in lifting up the hand to
the mouth.' Donaldson : ' It derives its meaning
from the custom of turning the face to the sky.'
(2) Oro. Earnestly to speak to in prayer, or to
supplicate.
Adverbium, adverb, as joined ad verbum, to a
verb. As, He grieved much.
Adulo, -or, fawn, flatter. Barker makes it pro
perly applicable to dogs, and agrees with Martini :
' From ad, aula i. e. olla. Said of dogs going after
platters of meat, and fawning with their tails on
their masters indulging them.' So also Dacier,
but without reference to dogs: 'To go after
dishes, like parasites.' (2) To wait ad aulas, at the
halls of the great. Ad aliquem aulor: Freund.
(3) Adosculor, adoulor. (4) To be at the ala, wing
of the great. A, as in apltlstre. (5) 'AxoSouAoD^ai.
(6) 'ASCXifa jEol. of riSv?d(u, to flatter. (7) ' Obpà,
ura, ula, as aaiva, to wag the tail. Others from ad-
oro:' Donldn.
Adulter, one who goes ad alteram, to another wo
man. Med. 997 : &KXn twoiKtl £vvíívt?. TheSchol.
on Eur. Med. 677 has ^ owcA&v «Típo. (2j For
aduliter. Voss quotes Hesych.: rfivXiaai, avvovaiáaai.
 ADV AGA
Adversaria, pi., a memorandum book, &c. As iErusco, I get (œra) petty sums by tales of dis
Necessaria. A book for things adversa, remarked. tress.
Tacitus : Quoties novum aliquid adverterat. (2) jEs, copper. From a word a!<ris, splendor, from
Adversa, things cast before us, ready at hand. And aWu, ctfo-w. Homer has dtdoira xa^-iciy. (2) Allied
others from the adversa pagina, opposed to the to as, through Sicil. oïr. See As. (3) Or, says
aversa : the one for expenses, the other for receipts. Riddle, to aìpw. See Mro 2.
Adytum. "ASutoc. .iEscûlus,EscûIus,bayorholmoak. Generally derived
jEdes, a building, from airos found in Pindar 01. from esca, from its esculent acorn, on the principle
3. 30, and twice explained by Eustathius iySiairniia, of (prrybs from <pdya>. But JE is not accounted for.
a dwelling. He observes indeed that it is a word of (2) Hoi-ace says of it, ' Nec rigidâ mollior cesculo ;'
unique use, but there are many such, and they ought and, in the words ' cere perennius,' gives brass the
not lightly to be altered. Indeed this very word cedes quality of special durability. Hence from ces might
corroborates the word oÎtoí. D, as fiaThv, vaDurn. be cesculus, hard as brass. It is true that these
/Edïlis, appointed to superintend cedes, houses or diminutives take the gender of their primaries in
temples : or the decrees of the people in the cedes, Flosculus, Osculum, &c. : but, as the sense of this
Temple of Ceres. word is only a figurative one, it could have formed
jEdïtïmus, cedis intimus : Fest. an exception. Besides, not only is Masculus used,
Aêdon, nightingale. 'Kistav. but Mascula, Masculum ; and Forcellini has Corcu-
Jîger, sick. Aéger or aegrus, &eypos, transp. from lus, a, um. Vice versa, we have Rosmarinum, as
&epyos, i. e. incapable of work. Thus Deficio, op well as Rosmarinus.
posed to Facio. (2) Mrumnam gerens, Donldn. ? /Estas, summer. JEstus.
jEgïlops, JEgis, JEgocëros, jElûrus. GR. AlyiKaxj/, jEsttmo, compute. ' As œditimus is cedis intimus,
&c. cesiimus is conversant with (ces, ceris) weights:'
jEmulus, rival. As f^Aos, emulation, is from Donldn. See Autumo. (2) Tt/uâ ?
ferveo, and as our word Sanguine from Sanguis, so iEstus, heat. Obs. ala-rbs, from aíft», to burn.
cemulus from atfia. Ai/xa for 'animus virilis' is cited So cestas.
from .Eschines in Ctesiph. 548 in Stephens 1503. ./Etas. ALvum, cevitas, cetas. As Bonum, Bonitas.
Ulus, as Figulus, Querulus, Gerulus. (2) From aX- .lEternus. As Semper, Sempiternus; so cevum,
nav, knowing, skilful, and therefore competing with ceviternus, ceiernus.
others. (3) From S.p.t\\a, a contest; through a cor jEther, jEthra, jEtia. GR. Aì%>, &c.
ruption aljiha, and cemultts as macUlae from fiixXai, iEvum, an age. Alios, alFi>p, cevum, as jSpax^N,
aescUlapius from àincA^irioî. (A) Haigh : ' From brachiUM. V, as abv, oVum.
atfii\os, pleasing, gay, enticing.' Better in the sense As, ' obsol., Cic. Or. 47 :' Ridd. 'A<p'.
of trvytrhs, and òÇìis ìv rip \éyeii>, attached to it by Affàbrè, skilfully. Faber,fabri.
Hesychius. Affaniae. From affor, like Afranius, Supervaca-
yEneâtor, who sounds teneam tubam. neus. In sense like Fatuus, which see. Ad, too
jEneus. JEris, cerineus. much, as in Affecto. ' Dicta futilia,' Fore. (2) From
.(Enigma, ."Eon. Alviyim, Aidv. some paltry town Aphannce in Sicily or in Attica.
jEquor, the sea. Eî/cì>s, jE. aiViip, cegruor; like See Trica ?
Mqims. A flat surface in Georg. 1. 50. Pindar has Affátim, and Fatim, abundantly. For, fatum, as
vóvrov irAá/ca. Sensim : a, as in datum, stâtim. Becman ' à multi-
jEquus. Eìkìií, M. cùkiIis. See on Aqua. loquentiâ.' So that the compound affatirn is the
Aër, air. 'Ai)p. proper word. Bifariam, multifariam should be
jErâríum, where the public money is kept. Ms, compared. (2) Fatim from &<paroy, '<pírov. 'Aipa-
ceris. t6v ti, Callim.
Mro, wicker dorser. As Aéuj>, Aéovros, Leo, Leo- Affectio. Qua afficitur animus.
nis ; so aíptav, atpovros, œro, ceronis. 1 Aïpai is also Affecto. For affacto. Ad implies too much.
Tollo, bajulo :' Forcell. (2) ASs, œris. A basket Affligo, dash against. As Figo from n^ya>, so
for carrying copper money, which was the first coin fligo, (whenceflictu jEn. 9. 667) from nXriyû fut. of
in use : Plin. 33. 3. irA^o-o-o) ; aspirated tpXrryZ. I, as iìiytm, rlma ;
-lErugo, rust ceris, of copper: malice eating like it. 0vp/iHKa, formica. (2) From 0AÍj8u>, 0\íy<e, (as
So Salsûgo. B\4tpapov, T\4<papov,°) JEol. (p\Lyu.
/Erumna. Properly, a pitchfork cupoiieVij, raised Afrïcus, the wind from Africa.
to carry burdens. So the burden itself raised, and Agâso, a groom. ' Allied to &ya : perhaps from
care, trouble : Or with which the mind is suspended ago, asimis :' Freund. Agasino ? ' A driver of beasts
or in suspense. Others from aipeo-flai /tiVSww, &c. of burden,' says Riddle. 'Aydfav is put down by
(2,)'ASgrimonia; or otherwise allied toceger:' Ridd. Forcellini; but whence? Yet we find <po7flos, tpoifUfav.
 AGE
Age, Agëma. "Ayt, "Ayniia,
Ager, agri. 'Aypós.
Agger, heap. Gero. As made by carrying things
to it.
Agïlìs, active. Ago, like Docilis.
Agïto. Ago, agitum.
Aglaspïdes, with bright shields. GR.
Agmen. Ago, agmen, as Tego, Tegraen. A drove.
Virgil has Agmen agens. Properly, àyó/icvop or
kyiíívov : any thing driven.
Agnosco. For ad-ynosco. Ttvaaxu, gnosco, nosco.
So Cognosco, Ignosco.
Agnus, lamb. From àyvós, holy. From its tender
frame, consecrated as an offering to the gods. Vetus
Lex : ' Tertia spolia Jano Quirino agnum marem
csedito.' Horace : ' Nos humilem feriemus agnam.'
So the LAMB of God, in the N. T. Besides, we
say, As innocent as a lamb. H dropt as in Ansa.
(2) As páoyos, tender, and (in the Latin Muscus)
moss, was also a young animal, so axvn, dew, down,
&c. could have produced acnus or agnus, a tender
lamb. G, as kíKvos, cyGnus. ' Tener agnus,' Virg.
(3) From àyptévos or àyónwos. Qui impellitur.
Virgil : ' Quo ssepe solemus Pastores ovium teneros
depellere fœtus.' Isaiah : He was LED as a lamb to
the slaughter.
Ago, I drive. "Aya>. But ago is oftener used for
Facio : here also it is &ya, to drive or carry on a
business, like Gero rem. So per-ago is to carry
through.
Agôn, contest, 'Ay&v.
Agônâlia. Ovid from àytiv : Nomina de ludis
Grseca tulisse diem. (2) Varro from &ywi>, leading,
but unsatisfactorily.
Agôrânomus, head of the market. GR.
tAgrïmonia, agrimony. It seems in letters to
resemble aKpifiav, ovos, but that is explained to be
Fennel. It can scarcely be compared with Cajremo-
nia, jEgrimonia, Matrimonium. Kiddle identifies it
with àpyffíévT], which seems to be different.
Agrippa, one born with his feet foremost. This
word seems to have flowed from the name of some
individual, and not the latter from the former. It
was probably formed like Philippus. Thus Sauniaise
deduces it from àyptiv, tiriros. Riddle from ayptos
ïmros.
Ah, Aha : 1 1, or Ò. ÍÍ. (Lidd.)
Ahênum, caldron. Aëneum, aheneum, ahenum,
as parlEns, parEns.
Ai, alas. As.
Aio, I say. From an obsolete word cita, whence
aìvos, a tale, story. Or from aSa>, àto>, to call out,
as in ò.vtI\. I, as kATojtos, cllentis. (2) Donldn.
fancifully compares ' on the principle of association '
aio, to speak, and aim, to hear.
Aius, a god. Livy : Aius iste Loquens aiebat.
Ala, wing. For axilla, as Maxilla, Mala. Also
4
ALI
a flank. (2) From aio: Matth. 23.37. And Donldn.:
' That which raises.' ?
Alabarches, prefect of the accounts or taxes.
From ÍAafia, ink, and àpxís. "A\a$a- Hesych.,
,ue',w íf> ypiçoiuv. A semi-Egyptian word, says
Jablonski. Some read Arabarches, like Asiarches.
Others take it for Alaarches, from acc. &\a, salt. B
added, as D in proDest.
Alabastrum, alabaster. GR.
Alácer, Alacris, brisk. Soft for adacris, iSaxpvs,
tearless, as òAu<r<reùs, uLysses. (2) "AAAo/ieu, óAoD-
juai, h/ui : Schw. Like Ludicer : Ridd.
Alâpa. 'AiraAck, soft ; transp. &A«r&, halapa, a9
Mopipà, 4'upfià, Forma: crKelIíte, SpeCio. A slap
with the open hand, and not with the fist. The H
may account (like *E£, Sex,) for Salapitta in Arno-
bius.
ft Alaternus, the evergreen privet.
ALAUDA, a lark. A Gallic word, says Pliny.
Now alouette.
Alba, Albârium, Albugo, Album, Alburnum, Al-
burnus. Aldus.
Albus, white. "Ahipos, (as ífi^a, amBo,) explained
\cvxbt by Hesychius and Snidas. 'A\ipbs was also
the white leprosy, and &\<piTov pearl-barley.
AlcSicum metrum, invented by Alcœus.
Alee, elk. "A\mi in Pausanias.
Alcêdo, Halcêdo, Alcyon, Halcyon, King-fisher.
'AàktjSìiv, 'AKkvúv.
Alea, a die. From ôAcà, Moi. fem. of ii\ebs, ex
plained ficopoiroibs by Hesychius, answering to the
' ilea fallax' of the Poet. Or f)\tbs is here ' sense
less,' answering to Forcellini's definition of âlea, that
it is no game of skill or judgment, but one of mere
random chance and luck. (2) Voss from akr), or
à\áa/íai, to wander uncertain of the way. From ils
uncertain chances. (3) Isidorus says that a Grecian
soldier of this name invented the game in the Trojan
war : but Forcellini states that he has scarcely any
one to agree with him.
Alec, Hâlec, herring; pickle. 'AKvicbs, salted, or
ûAvkìs, pickle.
Alecto, a Fury. As A is long, from &WriKTos.
'AAXtjktéó.
Ales, winged. Ala.
Alga, sea-weed. 'AAi/ci;, áAinà, marina, (Steph.
1892,) aha, alga. The aspirate lost as in Annus,
Ansa. G as àyKíXos, anGulus. (2) For alliga from
alligo. As involving the feet of swimmers.
Algeo. 'AÀ7€(0, I am in pain, i. e. with cold.
Horace : Condoluit frigore.
Alibi. For ali-ubi, else-whcre. So Alicubi, Ali
unde. (2) The old alis, abl. pi. alibus, alibu'. See
Qui.
Alïca, pottage, barley broth. "AAiko acc. of £ai£
in Paulus JEg'm. and the more modern medical
writers. (2) Aio, as Manica, Unica, Medicus.
 ALI
Alïcubi. For aliqu-ubi. So Alicunde. (fl) AU.
pl. aliquubus, aliquubu'. See Qui.
Aïïcîila, AUfcuìa, a short cloak. "AAài|, ucos, He-
sych., a tunic with sleeves. Schaefer refers to Cal-
lim. 1. 501. (a) From a/a, fig. a sleeve.
Aliptes, anointer for bathing. 'AAeÍ7rT7jr.
Alïquando, Alïquis, Aliquot. Alius or alis whence
aliter. Aliquis for instance is ' aut hie aut alius
quis,' either this or some other, some one or other :
Quis being here not ti's, but tis, kis.
Alius, &Wos, as *vWov, Folium.
Allecto : See Deleclo.
Allido, dash against. Lœdo, as Elïdo.
Allîfâna pocula. Made at Allifœ in Samnium.
Allium, garlic. For aglium, from íy\is, iBos,
whence pl. &y\i0€s, heads of garlic. (2) 'AAAôs, a
sausage ; as being a component part. (3) 'Ay\abs,
shining.
Alluo. Aoia, luo : as Diluo.
Allûvies. Alluo, as Diluvies, Fluvius.
Almus, nourishing, genial. AIo, alimus, like
Alnus, alder-tree. These trees, says Dr. Johnson,
delight in a very moist soil. And the Delph. Ed. on
Eel. 10, 74 explains it 'arbor aquosis locis gaudens.'
Hence, as Annus is deduced by many from ivos or
twos, and mAgnus, mAneo from /xEyas, ftEvcw ; so
alnus from (Kos, a marsh. As domiNUS, regNUM,
&c. (a) From Virgil's words, ' Cujus amor tantùm
mihi crescit in horas, Quantum vere novo viridis se
suhjicit alnus,' some might think of alo, alinus.
Alo, I nourish. From obs. &Aa, whence &\6w
from &K6nv; and obs. &\Su, whence àXSta, iASalvu.
(Lidd. Gr. Lex.)
Aloë, Alphus. 'A\6ri, "AKcpos.
Alsius, Alsus, cold. Algeo, alsi.
Altâni venti, sea-breezes, said by Isidorus to blow
ex alto, from the sea : by Pliny from the land,
im&yuoi, i. e. in altum. Vitruvius states that they
lie between the Africus and the Zephyrus.
Altare. Alius, as Alveus, Alvear, Alveare. The
sacrifices on the altare were made to the Dii Superi,
and on high places, (1 Kings iii. 2, 4,) or, with Fes-
tus, in sedibus à terra exaltatis: those on the Ara
were made to the Inferi, and in low places, or, with
Festus, in effossâ terrâ. (a) Alla ara. Compare
Aurora.
Alter, second. Al is thought to be alis, (whence
alid in Lucretius, and aliter,) and ter or terus is
compared by Ihre with Trérepos, èKdrepos, erepos,
and derived by him from the Goth, thera, 'their,'
' of them :' Alter, ' the other of them.' But this is
inapplicable to other Greek words, fipirtpos, ijueVe-
pos, &c. or to Noster, Vester.—Alter may better be
referred to ÒAA' oSrcpos corrupted to &\rfpos, alterus,
' not the one, but the other :' as Aliquis is (Some one
or) other.—Or, as we find Selnepos &\\os, so we may
AM B
have &K\oi trfpos, where crtpos defines &X\os.—
Some from iJAoWtpos, lengthened from &Wos, which
is used for alter: Steph. 1840. Or from awSTefyos,
jEoI. for aWirpios : One different from another.
Altercor, I dispute. For altericor or altemicor,
from alter or alternus.
Altercum, henbane. As, when taken, it makes
the head heavy, and deranges the mind 'cum
quâdam verborum altercations :' Thus says Scribo-
nius Largus. So boo-Kvafíû, from voarxva/ios henbane,
is explained jucuvo/uu, Trapairalw.— Pliny however
gives to the Arabians the word altercum or alter-
cangen'on.
Alternus. Going from one side to (alteram) the
other.
Altïlis, stuffed. Alo, alitum, altum.
Altus. Alo, alitus, alius, (whence Altrix, Altilis,)
grown up, tall, high ; then deep, as High water is
deep water.
Alûcïnor, Halûcïnor : or with double L. From
&Avo>, to wander, to become insane : as vatiCINOR,
ratioCINOR. (a) From à luce vagor, as in Amens;
or, ad lucem offendo. (3) From alius, or hallos, the
great toe. To strike the foot against, stumble.
(4) To be thinking of something (fii\Ao) else.
Alveare. Alveus, as Altare.
Alveus. In some of its senses like Alms. In that
of the channel of a river, and a conduit-pipe, referred
to av\bs, aùxFbs, (as BAfo, sylVa,) a pipe: or to
S\o|, ÍAjFof, a furrow: or to allueus, ab alluendo
ripas.
ALUM, HALUS, comfrey. A Gallic word, savs
Pliny.
Alûmen, alum. From ahbs, salt. As Albumen.
Alumnus, foster-child. Alo, alomenus, as Auctum-
nus.
Alùta, tanned leather. For aluminata, as dyed
with alumen, (a) For ablula, well soaked.
Alvus. As Muto, Mutuus ; so alo, aluns, alvus: as
the womb in which the child is nourished ; or (with
Turton) as the stomach, the place where the nou
rishment of the body is first deposited. (2) For
abluus for abluo, as the excrement, for so alvus is
used; or as the belly, 'quia sordes eâ abluuntur.'
Virgil has Proluvies alvi. Or alluo.
Amalthëum, large library. 'A/íoASeíoy.
Amanuensis. One à manu.
Amârâcus, Amâranthus. GR.
Amârus, bitter. As Omitto for OBmitto, Aperio
for ADperio, so amarus for aimants from ÓA/«í«s,
Mol. os óA^eis ; as also fxovo&uiv, musaRutn. The
termination changed, much as "Oufìpos, Imbris;
"irlnros, Stipes; &c. The aspirate omitted, as in
Ansa, Ulcus.
Ambactus, hired servant. Ambi, àu(pí: actus.
Dacier explains it àfitpt<pçp6p.€vos, irtpitpopriT&s: driven
hither and thither for pay, never at rest.
 AMD
Ambages, winding, &c. Ambi ab àfi<pì, as ifu4>a>,
(imBo : and ago, &yo. A driving round about, cir-
cuitus.
Ambegna, a victim led with a lamb on each side.
Ambi, agna.
Ambïga, small pyramidical vessel. "ApjBi(, acc.
Ambïgo, to be in those circumstances which agunt
carry one ambi, i. e. à^ì, two or dijferent ways, like
Gr. &/i<pl\oyos. So Muto, Mutuus.
Ambio, go round, canvass, &c. Ambi-eo, from
Ambïtio. Ambeo, ambìtum, like Adïtus. '
Ambo, both. "A/upa.
Ambo, a pulpit. "Apfiav.
Ambrosia, Ambrosius. GR.
AMBUBAIM. Voss : 'The Syrian abbub is a pipe ;
the Arabian is anbub.' (2) As dwelling ambi, about,
Baite in Campania. (3) From the herb ambubeia,
succory, which the sorcerers mixed with their ingre
dients of remedies for diseases.
Ambubeia, succory. For ambuiabeia from ambulo,
for they are called also Intubi ERRATICI.
Ambulo. 'A/í<pe\dto, &n<pe\û>, ago me circumcircà.
As &/i$m, amBo ; (TKÓirEKos, scopUlus. (2) 'A/iiroXâ,
Terror in loco. (3) From ambi-, as Ustum, Ustulo.
f Amellus, star-wort. From Amelia in Gaul. Vir
gil says of it : Legunt prope fiumina Amelia. Two
MSS. read it thus ; others however Mellœ.
Amens, as De-mens. Out of his mind. 'Aif>-
effrápai <ppevwv Soph.
Amentum. Apia, apimentum, as Omentum for
Operimentum ; aïmentum, amentum. A strap to
which javelins were tied. (2) From a^iia.
Ames, ïtis, a pole as fastening or fixing up a net.
Apia, apimes, ames, as Foveo, Fovimes, Fomes. From
apio is aplus: and Forcellini compares the 'axem
stellis fulgentibus aptum' of Ennius with the ' stellis
micantibus sethera FIXUM' of Lucretius. (2) As
Comes, Comitis from Com-eo, so ames, amitis from
am-eo : about which the net goes or is spread out.
(3) 'Adfurs, contracted to &/iis.
Amëthystus, amethyst. 'AfidBvcrros.
Amïcio, I clothe. Am-jacio, Amjicio.
Amicus. Amo, as Pudicus. So $tXô>, *ÍAoî.
Amïta, aunt. As Calcâta became Culcïta, amâta
could for shortness become amita. So Sto, Stâtura
made Instïta : Nûbo, Pronûbus ; &c. Veto, as, Vetï-
tum. Amita was a term of endearment, as we use
the term Aunty. ' Quasi dilecta,' says Scheide.
(2) For avita, as proVulgo, proMulgo. This (after
the form culcITA,) from avus, somewhat as from
aims is avunculus. (3) Corrupted from avitima
from avus, as Légitima, Maritima, Finitima.
Ammôdytes, Ammôniâcus, Amnestia. GR.
Amnis, river. From am-no ; am i. e. à/j.<pì, and no,
as Transno, Trano. From its circuitous course. Vir-
6
ANA
gil : Domos qui pramatat amnem. Wachter calls
this ' etymologia percommoda.' (2) Ambi-eo, ambeo,
ambimen, ambmen, (as Fulgimen, Fulmen,) ambminis,
amnis. Horace : Aut properantis aquae per amœnos
ambitus agros.
Amo seems to have originally meant, like tpi\(u,
to salute or embrace, as in Plautus : Sine te amem :
from àuáto, à/tô), colligo, constringo, like amiCo/uu
from a for Hfut, and ffirÁw. 'A(riráÇo/j.at Kcà </><Aw
Plat. Apol. 17. The Schol. on Homer explains
à/À.Tj(ráfjL€yos by ffvye\wv %tp<r\ Kai (rvvayayúv. Amo
then answers much to Amplector, TrtpiirA/ico/tioi.
(2) From Upa : from mutual attachment. Cicero :
Amant inter sese. (3) A compound word àpito,
from sida, fié/íoa, to desire. (4-) Am, as in Amplector.
Amœnus, pleasant. As Alumnus, Vertumnus,
Auctumnus for Alomenos, Vertomenos, Auctomenos,
so amo, amomenos, amoënos, amœnus. (2) Dôder-
Iein: 'For animomus, as Camœnse for Canimoenae.
Animo relaxando idoneus.' (3) Alo, alimus, ali-
mœnus : Schw. ?
Amômum, an Armenian shrub. "A/ianov.
Amphi— : All words so beginning are Greek.
Amphora, flask. Acc. àn<pop4a, 5.
Amplector, Amplexor, I clasp. Am for à/j.<pì ;
plector from tt^ektìis, whence a word irAeftréto or
6u, â. So Complector.
Amplio, adjourn for further hearing. Ampins.
Amplus, large. 'AyáirAfas, &fiir\ea>s.
Ampulla, flask. Amphora, amphorula, ampholla,
as Puer, Puerula, Puella. (2) From amb- and olla;
or from amb- simply. (3) "AuPuv.
Ampullae, bombast. Swelling out as an ampulla.
Ampûto. See Puto.
Amûlëtum, amulet. Amolior.
Amurca, oil-lees. 'A/iopyjj.
Amussis, rule or compass. Am, assis, as centUssis.
A rule passing round a plank or surface, and mark
ing it out. Isaiah : ' The carpenter stretcheth out
his rule ; he marketh the god out with a line ; he
fitteth it with planes ; and marketh it out with the
compass.'
Amygdala, Amylum, Amystis. GR.
An, if, whether. 'Eàt> or &v.
Ana, Anâbathrum, and nearly all words in Ana—,
are mere Greek words.
Anancseum. 'AvayKaiov. A larger cup which in
a wine-match they were obliged to drink off. Ca-
saubon refers it to the yKvKeìav àvíyKav, or delirium
occasioned by too much drink : as also to the draught
of hemlock which culprits were forced to drink, or
of Lethe which all must taste. Turnebus to àváyicn,
in Hesychius, a judicial urn : this being of the same
size.
Anas, anatis, ô vSoV, the duck. As Newt is An-
-evet. (Todd.) (2) Transp. from vaacra. (3) An
nate, am-nato (as aNfractus,) to swim about. Ana
 ANC
creon : "I8« tt&s vr\tr<ra ko\v/ì$^. N dropt, as D in
Aperio.
Anceps, ancïpïtis. An for am, (as in Anfractus,)
àfupì or àn<pls : caput, capitis, or capio, capitum.
With two heads ; also, seizing and drawing us both
ways, doubtful.
Ancile, small oval shield. For ancisile : an for am,
àfiífì, as in Anfractus, Anhelus, and cœsum as in
Jiecisum, Ancisum. Ovid : ' Idque ancile vocat quod
in omni parte recisum est :' Having its outside rim
cut all round with small incisions. So Incite.
Ancilla, maid-servant. Amcolo, to wait on ;
whence ancola or ancula, anculula, ancilla. As Puer,
Puerula. So Anculi, gods ministering to the higher
gods. (2) 'Ayxòvos, M. ayx6\os. Or for anconula.
Anclo, I wait on. See Ancilla.
Ancon, promontory, &c. 'Ayiu&v.
Ancora, anchor. 'AyKiipa.
Anculi, gods in attendance on others. See An
cilla.
Ancus, one with curved arms. Allied to ayxihos.
So àyicàiv, &c.'
Andâbâta, a hoodwinked fencer on horseback.
From jEol. àyra0ára, or àvTai>a$ÁTa. (2) 'AvaPdra,
as inDigeo.?
Andrachne, Androgynus, Andron. GR.
Andrônium, a plaster. ' Invented by the physi
cian Andron :' Turton.
Anêthum, Angaria, Angëlus. GR.
Anfractus, where the road all round breaks off
from the direct path into windings. Compare Ancile.
(2) Dumesnil from à/Mpì, (ppaKrbs à <ppd<r<ra>, cingo.?
Angërôna. From angere, constringere, (as in An
gina,) i. c. fauces, guttur : as the goddess of silence.
So Pomona, Bellona. Compare Pellonia. From the
infinitive, as Recipere, Recipero ; Bifariam ; Hariolus.
(2) Verrius : ' Quòd angores animi propitiata depellit.'
Angina, quinsy. Ango, to suffocate.
Ango, tighten, squeeze. *Ayx">-
Anguilla, eel. Anguis; as being of the same form.
(2) "E7xf*«r> whence enguelula. See Anguis.
Angnis, snake. As from KtXâ is UNGUa, and
«rXos from £Xco, so from £Xis is eNGUis, and anguis;
A, as Anguilla from "Eyxfb-vs, flAmma from <p\Ey/ia,
<p\Ep.p.a. (2) Dumesnil from fyxos : ' A reptile re
sembling a dart.' (3) Ango, anguo : As writhing
and twisting itself : Becm. (4) Allied to àyKÍKos,
curved.
Angûlus, corner. 'AyicvKos, bent.
Augustus, narrow. Formed after Onustus, Ro-
bustus, from ango, &yx*>, to make close or tight. So
our aGate from òX<ít7js.
Anhêlo, from an, as in Anceps, Anfractus, for am,
àfitpí. Amhalo .- To pant all over.
Anima, breath. "Ave/ios, as KÍjpOS, cerA.
Animal, a breathing thing : ab anima, breath.
Animus. Like Anima, from &vepios ; viewed, like
7
ANT
Tlvevpa and Spiritus, as the breath of life and of the
soul, ' vitalis aura,' ' divin» particula aura.' We may
compare with these \f/ix" and ifvxf).
Anïsum, anise, "Aviaov.
Annôna. Anni, the year's provisions.
Annulus, Anulus, a ring. From an, i. e. am,
around, as in Anus, Ancile, &c. Or ambeo, ambinus,
amnus. See Annus. (2) Riddle : Arcus, arctnus,
arnus, annus.
Annuo, I agree to. Nuo, adnuo.
Annus. Liddell: ' 'Evos or ëvos, the Lat. annus;
hence Sttvos ; and (vos or %vos, a year old, last year's :
%vn Kai via, the old and new day.' A, as in mAgnus
for mEgnus. (2) Riddle from an, i. e. circùm, as in
Anfractus, for am, à/upí. Compare Anulus or Annu
lus. Indeed some refer it to anus, whence anulus :
like Gr. iviavrbs, as Virgil : In se sua per vestigia
volvitur annus. To am some refer the M in soIeMnis,
biMus, &c. Indeed we may say, am, amnus, annus.
Or am-eo, amlnus, or ambeo, ambinus, amnus. (3)
Donaldson has the ingenuity of giving it a double
origin : ' Annus, anc. anus, must denote at once the
ever-flowing, òeVaoj, and the ever-returning, &c]
vtófievos.' I
Ànômália, anomaly. GR.
Anqulro. For am-quœro, as Inqulro, Occtdo.
Ansa, a handle. For hansa, from hando, hansum;
prehendo, prehensum. H, as Humerus. (2) ' For
asa, ausa, from aZs, oZs :' Ridd.
Anser, a goose. From x&vbsi x^ys> ^Eolie genitive
°f xh", a goose : whence (much as many derive
Mensis from finvbs, nh"s>) chanser, and hanser, as
Xópros, Hortus; Eres for Cheres; then anser, as
Ansa for Hansa. (2) ' Ab ansato collo,' says Ains-
worth.
Antse, cheeks of a door. From ante. Vitruvius :
' In antis erit aedes, cùni habebit in FRONTE antas
parietum,' &c.
Antârias funis. Voss : ' Scaliger from ante ; but
it is a rope belonging to the antes, or it is from
àvraípa.' Or from avri.
Ante. 'Avri.
Anteà. Key says for anteam. Others for ed
tempestate ante.
Antenna, Antemna, the cross-piece fastening a
ship's sail. From àyáSeSepUva, andemna, antemna,
as aDque, aTque ; onovAij, sponTe. (2) From am,
tendo : For amtendina. Dr. Johnson explains a sail-
yard as the pole on which the sail is extended.
(3) 'Aprtfuiva, artemna, antemna, but artemna
would be more naturally put for antemna. (4) Ains-
worth : Simply from ante, as from Socius is Socien-
nis. (5) Hall from ante teneo : holding the sail be
fore the mast. But the M ?
Antêrîdes, buttresses. GR.
Anterior. Ante, anterus, as Posteras.
Antes. From ante. Dacier : ' Ordines anteriores.'
 ANT
Ainsworth : ' The FORE ranks or outmost ranks of
vines.' Virgil : EXTREMOS antes. (2) Is. Voss
from amites. From ameo, amitum, to go round.
Hence amies, antes. As Amita, Aunt.
Anthias, Anthrax. GR.
Antic, fore-locks. 'An-iai. (2) Ante.
Antichthonës, antipodes. GR.
. Antïcus, one right opposite. Ante, as Posticus.
Antïdotum, Antipodes. GR.
Antïquus, ancient. Formerly written antïcus,
from ante, as Amicus.
Autistes, ïtis, president. Ante, slatum.
Antlia, a pump. 'Ayr\ia.
Antlo, I drain. 'Avt\û.
Antrum, a cave, "Avrpov.
Anus, i. From its round form. See Annulus,
Annus.
Anus, us, old woman. Anus from ivos, a year,
whence tUvos, toAiWos and Senex. So Vetus from
Fí'tos, and Annosus frpm Annus. A, as rAtus, sAtus
for rEtus, sEtus. (2) 'Avus, minus :' Ridd. ?
Anxius. Ango, anxi.
Apâge, Apala ova, Aparctias, Apêliôtes. GR.
Aper, boar. As oîo for 701a, eï/3a> for Aeifiw, and
our If for Gif, Give, so aper, or properly aprus, (as
Ager is Agrus, 'Aypbs,) from Kairpos. (2) Quòd
aperit terram saeviendo.?
Aperio, I open. See Pario.
Apex, a woollen tuft or tassel worn by the High-
priest on the top of his cap ; and then any top or tip.
From apio. From its being tied with thread, or,
with Wachter, from its binding the head, like Aiá-
Srifut.
Apexàbo. Because at the top of this sausage,
says Varro, ' quiddam eminet, ab eo, ut in capite
apex, apexabo dicta.'
Aphractus, Aphrodïsia, Aphrônïtrum. GR.
Apiiinac uvse. Pliny : 'Apianis apes dedere cogno
men, praecipuè earum avidae.'
Apîca ovis, without wool on its belly. "Aireiicos.
Apïnae, trifles. From a vile and ignoble town of
Apulia, and totally rased by Diomede. So Pliny.
(2) Saumaise better from àcpdva or àtpírn, in Suidas,
anything trifling. Allied perhaps to àiparlis. P, as
prosPerus ; I as machina.
Apis, bee. From farru, to join; and, as Cupio
from Kiirru, through apio, whence apex, apiscor.
More nearly, through à<pii, a fastening, or an obsolete
a. 2. 3)irov, fut. airât, as trirnov, tvttw from rinrroi.
Virgil of bees : Pedibus connexœ ad limina pendent:
Pedibus per mutua nexis. See on Examen. (2) From
otyis, as Anacreon : "Otpis p tTinlic /wcpós. As lAvo
from KOva ; Penus from '<p4yos.
Apiscor, I get. From the old apo or apio, men
tioned by Festus and Servius, from Sir™, old fut.
aTTtS, like Tvftâ. I join anything tomyself, or myself to
anything,touch,as airrofiat. Plautus: Hominem apisci.
APY
Apium, parsley. Apio, as in Apiscor. Horace :
'Est in horto, Philli, NECTENDIS apium coronis.'
Specially at the Games : Juv. 8. 226. (2) Pliny, ' ab
apibus, quihus est gratissima.'
Aplûda, Applauda, chaff, bran. Applaudo, as Ex-
cludo. And P for PP, as OBmitto, Omitto. As
being separated from the corn by dashing it with
the hand or a stone.
Aplustre, an ornament on the K^AcurTov, highest
part of the stern. U, as OpíAfifìos, triUmphus.
Apo. See in Apiscor.
Apodixis, Apodjftêrium, Apôlactïzo, Apolecti. GR.
Apoliïnâris, henbane. Apuleius ' from Apollo who
is said to have discovered it.'
ApSlogus, Apophôrëta, Apoplexia, Apostâta,
Apostolus, Apothëca. GR.
Appârïtor. Qui paret, attends on a magistrate.
See Pareo.
Appello, as, I call. So Compello. From pello ; the
conjugation changed as in Educo, are, from Duco;
Occupo, are, from Capio.—Or from wfXdw, &, to
cause to come near; as meLLis from (niAt. Pello or
tc\w ad me, as Accieo is Cieo ad me. So koAcu is
' venire jubeo, from k4\u. Homer : Ainòs <rc koàeî:'
Damm.
Appendix. Quœ appendet.
Appias, Venus who had a temple at the Appia
aqua. Hence Appiades were prostitutes.
Appiôsus or Oppiôsus, having the staggers.
'AnwÀiflta, áirirA7j£ía could make applexiosus as
Laboriosus, cut down to appiosus, as Inferissimus to
Imus. (2) If oppiosus is the true word, I could be
lieve that, as Sontis from SiVttîï, 1WÍ0 i.e. viaos could
produce oppiosus. The Staggers are denned by Dr.
Johnson ' a kind of HORSE apoplexy.'
Apricus. 'Aperio, apertcus, like Antïcus, Posticus :'
Facciol. Open to the sun.
Aprilis, April. The opening month. Aperio,
aperilis, as Quinttlis. See Apricus. Virgil : ' Can-
didus auratis aperit cam comibus annum Taurus.'
Martyn : ' He means the sun's entering into Taurus,
which Columella says is on the 1 7th of April. He
says aperit annum, whence Aprilis.' So Ovid:
' Nam quia ver aperit tunc omnia, Aprilem memo-
rant.' And so Macrobius. (2) The boar-month,
from their sacrificing aprum, a boar.?
Aproniâna cerasa. Called, it seems, from one
Apronius. 1
Aprugnus. Aper, apri, and -yoyos, like Abieg-
nus.
Apto, and Aptus. Apio, aptum, to join. (2) "Air-
to>, to fasten.
Apud, written also aput, which leads us to apio,
apilum, as Ago, Agitum whence Agito. Thus apud
agrees with Juxta from Jungo. (2) For ad pedem,
as Gr. ifiiroSdv. But ad is shortened from apud.
Apyrinus, without kernel, hripiyos.
 AQU
Aqua. As AÏko was Doric for EÍ kc, so eÌKuía
became aÌKvîa or àxuïa, aqua. Thus uÌkùs similarly
gave rise to cequus, fit, equal, then level, whence
aquor, the sea, as Xenophon : ireîíov ò/idKbv iiairep
6d\acr<ra. Compare Socius from OtVeîos, 'OkeÎoî.
(2) Corrupted from à x<>4> the pouring, the stream,
as from à vâ.aa' (y yriaea) is Anas. (3) Hesych.
has 4o, collection of water : whence aca, aqua, as
oWos, speCus. (4) From Mol. âxà, sound. From
the sound of flowing water.
Aquâlis, water-pot. Aqua, as jEqualis.
Aquâriôlus. Voss : ' Carrying aquam, water for
prostitutes, one of whom says in Plautus : Aggerundâ
aqua sunt viri duo defessi.'
Aquïfôlius, with sharp-pointed leaves. For acui-
folius. Acus or acuo.
Aquïla. From aquilus, dark, dun. That is,
' aquila avis,' the dun bird. Homer has aìerbs aíSwv,
a tawny eagle. (2) The Cretan word was àybp,
whence aquor, as \oTovftai, loQUor : hence aquila,
as Floy, Viola. Dacier thus : Agar, agol, agul, aqul,
aquila. (3) 'AyKÍ\a, curved : Ridd. From its beak.
(4) Hesych. has àicv\fiis, an eagle.
Aquilo, N. wind. Hesychius explains àicipbs by
6 fìofyâs. Hence aquiro, as «Kojuai, seQUor ; then
aquilo, as \eiPioy, liLium. (a) Wachter from aquilus,
dark, dun, (which, from aqua, as Nubilus,) as blow
ing from the dark quarters of the North. We speak
of The ' black North.' (3) Scheid from àirì), whence
a word &xe\os like (IkcAos. From the piercing na
ture of this wind: 'a nipping and an eager air.'
(4) Cellarius, too figuratively, from its blasts being
vehement and rapid like the flight (aquilœ) of the
eagle. So some bring Vulturnus from Vultur.
Aquilus, dun, tawny. From the color {aqua) of
water : /ithdyvSpos. Formed like Rutilus. (2) From
the tawny color of the aquila.
Ara, altar. From dpa, to raise, says Riddle.
Whence a word alpa, ara, as Fundo, Funda.—Others
from àpà, a prayer. The place of supplication of the
Gods. The first A of the Greek is sometimes long.
(3) But Macrobius states it was formerly written
asa, for ansa, as being handled by the suppliants.
Virgil : Arasque tenentem. Cicero : Is si aram se
vens juraret. Horace : Aram si tetigit manus.
Plautus : Tene aram hanc. Ansa was also a handle :
as soft for hansa from hando. R, as heRi from x6i2,
■n&íP for Trt£ï2, and auSis into auRis. Or, as Patera,
so ansera, ara.
Arachnë, a sundial, with lines representing a spi
der's web. 'Apdxvv-
Arânea, spider. 'Apixvn, or adj. bpaxyda-
Arbiter, witness, referee. Ad-biter, (as aRcesso,)
from the old beta, to go. Who goes to, or to whom
one goes.
Arbor. For arvor from arvum. 'Every tree of
the field' is a common expression in Scripture. B,
9 B
ARD
as ferVeo, ferBui. (2) Arboris from ttp<popos, as
S,u*ai, am Bo, and as uBeris from efàopos. *Apcpopos,
as contracted from a word àpupópos, productive,
fruitful. ' A tree that bringeth forth his fruit in his
season.' Or ipupópos.
Arbustum, shrubbery. Arbos, arbosetum, arbos-
tum, as Salicis, Salicetum, Salictum.
Arbutus. Arbutum is the tree, as well as arbutus.
Hence, as the Latins said diRimo for diimo, musa-
Rum for musaiim, nuRus from vvbs, so (tì>) àtì cpvrby,
aiphutum, could be aRiphutum, whence arphutum,
and arbutum, as &p#u, amBo. The Greek T is not
always changed, as is clear from Zvybv, Jugum. This
beautiful evergreen could well be particularized as
the perennial. It ' is one of the handsomest of ever
greens, and is admired for its flowers and fruit, no
less than for its foliage and general form :' Enc.
Brit.
Area, a chest. Arceo, to ' hold, contain,' (Forcell.)
as Cicero : ' Alvus arcet et continet, sive illud ari-
dum sit sive humidum.' Thus from arceo is coërceo,
and arctus, close. And area is used for a dungeon.
Area, much as Parco, Parca : Fundo, Funda. (2)
Soft for erca, ab é'pitos, an enclosure. As "Ewos,
Annus ; and /tîjpOS, cerA.
Arcânus, secret. Kept in (area) a chest : as Op-
pidanus. See the Notes on Juv. 14. 102. (2) Arceo.
A quo alios arces.
Arceo, drive off. 'Apxiu.
Arcëra, a sedan. Like (arcœ) a box. So Patera.
(2) Arcus. As being arched.
Arcesso, I call for: for which some incorrectly
write Accerso. From arcio, as Facio, Facesso, La-
cesso. For ad-cio, as aDbiter, aRbiter.
Arcliaïcus, Archïtectus, Archon, &c. GR.
Archivum, place for public records. 'Apx*'Fov.
Arctos, Arctûrus. GR.
Arctus, close. Arceo, arcitus. Kept in : coër-
citus.
Arcus, bow. From tpieos, an enclosure, as what
may be called the bow of the teeth is é'p/tos òSiyray.
The Aspirate dropt, as "EAkos, Ulcus ; A for E, as
mAgnus for mEgnus. (2) Arceo, to keep in. Fes-
tus : ' Quia continet se.' Others ' ab arcendis hosti-
bus,' as used in battle.
Ardea, heron. Soft for erdea, from 4p$tbs contr.
from ipaSi6s. As ipyiKKCXZ, argillA. (2) Ab UpS-qv,
on high. Virgil : Altam supra volat ardea nubem.
Ardëlio, a busybody. "Aptia\os, Hesych. fìicaìos.
And for à-4pSa\os, as &-tpyos, àpyós. (2) Ardeo,
festino, Non. 4. 1 6. ' Running about hither and
thither :' Forcell.
Ardeo, burn, blaze. Aridus, arideo, ardeo, as
Avidus, Avideo, Audeo. Thus Caldus for Calidus.
Arduus, lofty, steep, difficult. From HpSvy, lifted
up. As Vacuus, Assiduus. (2) From SpStos, steep.
As lAncea from \Oyxv, laTeo from Ao©e'«. ?
 ARE
Area, threshing-floor, barn-floor, &c. Usually
referred to area, from the dryness of the floor j or,
as Varro, from the grain drying there, (a) As otj-
Aio, seRia, so some refer it to à\uà, aroa, area.
Rather as Ador, Adorea ; so a\u>s, M. &\ap, alorea,
alrea, arrea. As 'per/iiis, Retmus, Remmus, Remus.
Or as Infimus, Imus. So Cavus, Cavea ; Trabea.
Arena, sand. Areo, as Horace ' arentes arenas'
The quantities differ, but we have âcer, acerbus ;
lûceo, lûcerna ; rëgem, rëgam ; dûcem, dûcam , dî-
co, dïcax.
Areo. See the Addenda.
AREPENNIS, half an acre. A Gallic word.
Arêtálogus. Deduced by some from àptTÌi, by
others from àptffrh, and Kóyos.
Arêum, judicium. 'Aptìov.
Argentum, silver. 'Apyrjinos, white, as àpyós,
ípyvpos.
Argestes, N. W. wind, 'Apyia-rns.
Argilla, clay. "ApyiKKos.
Argûmentum. Arguo, to make clear, show, prove.
For arguimentum, as Doceo, Docùmentum.
Arguo, I make (àpybv) bright and clear, show, as
tpaiyw is allied to <páos. (a) 'Ayoptvco, (àpyevu,) to
proclaim, declare. (3) Doderl. for argruo, i. e. ad-
gruo, allied to congruo. ?
Argûtus, clear in voice, shrill, noisy ; clear in the
understanding, quick, &c. Riddle : ' Participle of ar
guo: That makes itself perceptible to the senses.'
Or made clear and distinct.
Argyraspïdes, with silver shields. GR.
Aries, ram. A corruption from iòbhs, a ram, in
Hesychius ; or tfibubs in Lycophron 1316. (a) From
"Apijî. As being belligerent.
Ariolus. See Hariolus.
Arista. Ainsworth : ' Varro from areo : Quod
arescit prima. Though the quantities differ.' But
so equally in arena, arundo. So Forcellini defines it
' extrema spicae pars quae prima arescit.' Hall says :
'It is properly that prickly part called the beard,
which, by reason of its being (arida) dry, protects
the corn in the ear from the birds.' Forcellini states
that arista is used also ' pro herbis aridis inutilibus.'
Arista, somewhat as Sino, Sinister, (a) But rather,
as giving a fuller and stronger sound, for acista, from
à/ci<rTÍ), acuminata. Thus aRa was formerly aSa,
and auRis was auSis. On the same principle caDu-
ceus was for the sound used for caRuceus. (3) For
crista, from ipvtrr^, taken in the sense of ipim, de-
fendo, custodio, and as ipvayS>s tutamen. (Steph.
901. 3839.) Qua spica defenditur. (A) Soft for
acrista, from £/cp«rros, as xdyqvOS, lagenA. "Axpt-
<ttoi are \6<poi, ywviat, Hesych.
Arma. As from the form piix'Hos we have
Alo, Alimus, Almus ; Victa, Victima ; so in the
neut. pi. arcima, arma, from arceo, àp/ceco, propulse
(2) As used for instruments and implements of any
10
ARU
kind, from tpfitva, from &pu, appui. From ípai, to
fit to, says Riddle, as armor, fitted to the body.
(3) Festus : ' Ab armus. As shields and breast
plates protecting the shoulders, or as swords hang
ing down from them.' Tó£ Hpunair ix0"1' Horn.
'Cur pharetra ex humero Gnossia utroque jacet?'
Propert.
Armamaxa, Persian chariot. 'Appd/ia£a.
Armâmenta. Arma, as Atramentum.
Armentum, cattle. Aro, aramentum, as Jugo,
Jugamentum, Jumentum.
Armilla, bracelet. Armus. Worn on the left
arm.
Armo. Armis instruo.
ARMORACIA, horse-radish. Turton: 'Pliny
says it is armon in the Pontic language. \Armo-
radicia."] Or from Armorica, whence it came.'
Armus. Ab àppbs, compages. ' It signifies pro
perly the knitting of the shoulder with the arm :'
Forcell. ' The whole joining,' says Wachter, ' from
the shoulders to the fist. And what is the arm but
such a compages or joining ?' Stephens says : 'App.oi,
as J. Pollux tells us, is the joint of the upper part
both of the arm and of the elbow.
Aro, I plough. 'Apóu, &.
Aroma, sweet spice. "Apcu/ia.
Arquâtus, arched. Arcuatus.
Arrha. Short for arrhabo.
Arrhabo, earnest-penny. 'Ap'bifiwv.
Arrugia, gold-mine. For auroruyia, from alpov,
òpuy/ì. See Awrum.
Ars. Facciolati : ' From &pa, &prai, is a word tips,
aprbs, ars, artis, the method of rightly putting to
gether and arranging.'
Arsenicum, arsenic. 'Apatvmóv.
Artemisia, mugwort. From the wife of Mausolus,
in honor of whom it was called, (a) From the
goddess "Aprtfus, Diana.
Artëmon, Artêria, Arthritis. GR.
Artio, to fit tight. Arctus, arctio.
Artôcôpus, Artôcreas, Art&lagânus, Artopta. GR.
Artus, joint. "Apa, &prcu, to join, as from ípa>,
&p6riv, is ipBpov.
Arvïna. Ainsworth : ' From arvis for arvix, anc.
for aria. Fat, properly of a ram.' Arvix from
ip~bas, as sylVa, arVuin ; ctfaS, ajaX. Or thus :
Aries, ariina, as Piscis, Piscina: then ariVina, ar-
vina. ' The fat of rams,' 1 Sam. 15. 22. (a) Valpy's
Steph. ccclxxxv : ' 'ApPiwri Siculis est xpeas, caro :
Hesychius. H. Steph. Legendum oreap vel cttoIs,
grease.' But this seems arvina hellenized.
Aruncus, a goat's beard. "Hpvyyos, M. âpvyyos.
Arundo, Harundo, reed. As Testa, Testudo, so
areo, arudo, and arundo, as in hiruNdo, deNsus,
taNgo, &c. ' Cortice lignoso et inarescente,' says
Forcellini without reference to the derivation. ' Quòd
citò arescat,' says Ainsworth. So arena from area.
 ARU
Aruspex, a soothsayer. From amix or amis, a ram,
(see on Amino,) that animal being properly the
sacrifice. Hence amispex or aruispex, as Avispex,
Auspex: then aruspex. H added, as in Haurio,
Humerus. (2) Becman : ' Some deduce it from
haruga, i. e. hostia quae servatur in hard.' For ha-
rugespex. (3) From âra, as âreo, arena. Ba/uxrKÓiros,
says Scheid. (<*) As for <enea or sena was said
aliéna ; so for auspex, auspex, aRuspex ; R being
here added (as diRimo, musaRum,) as II in the
former.
Arvum. Like Cadïvum, for arlvum from aro.
Or aro, aruum, as Muto, Mutuum. Cicero has ' agri
ami,' i. e. ami.
Arx, citadel. Arceo, apnea, propulso. (2) "Ep-
kos, a barrier ; as "Ewos, Annus. (3) "A/cpos, trans
posed ípxos, as SxA.oj, transposed ìjAx°*> F6\xos>
Volgus. Like anp6iro\ts.
As, an integer divisible into 12 parts. The Sici
lian or Tarentine ofj or |s, for eh. As oi for and
fiViis, cùkùìs, jEquus. In these € became v, and
jEol. o.
Asârôtum, Ascaules. GR.
Ascia, chip-axe, pick-axe. As from FiHiwisViSCum,
so ascia for axia from tyw, S£a>, to break, i. e. cleave,
fell : to which à£ív7j, an axe, is referred by Valcke-
naer and Liddell. Thus SimlA from Simus. (2)
From a, and obs. |ia>, whence |/<por : whither Lennep
refers ij/vrj. (3) From a verb asseco; assica, (as
Insicia,) asscia. See on Astula.
Ascôpêra, leathern bag. GR.
Asellus : ass-colt. Asinus, asinellus. Also a fish
much valued, but not determined ; derived by Varro
from its color resembling asses, i. e. as being
like that of the asellus. Ovid notices its degrading
name : ' Et tarn deformi non dignus nomine asellus.'
Asilus, gadfly. "Ayu, &(a>, whence a word òfîXot, as
<TTp6$os, <rTpo$1\os. Asilus, as Tt9rf)2ri for t*8jW)Ej)
(Maitt. 390). Thus oiffTpos is from ipépm, oìaw,
oìffraí. And Gad-fly is Goad-fly.
Asinus, ass. 'Avivas, harmless, as ayicvpa, ancora.
Asio, horn-owl. Voss : ' For ausio from the Cretan
aùs, an ear. As 3>tos from Sira, ears. (2) Asinus,
asinio. Its ears hanging down like an ass's.'
Asôtus, Asparagus. GR.
Asper, rugged. "Acnropos, unsown or unfit for
sowing, rugged. So irp6a<pOpos, prospErus.
Aspernor, I shun. Adsperno. (2) Heusinger from
asper, as Alter, Alterno. Asperè tracto.
Aspis, asp. 'Amríî.
Assëcla, lackey. Assequor, assecula.
Asser, a pole, beam. Assero, as Aggero, Agger.
Annexus, applicitus. ' Qui asseritur, adjungitur
parieti trabibusque :' Ainsw. As a pole for a sedan,
it is spliced into it to carry it forward.
Assëro, in its various senses, from sero, to join.
Assëvëro. Severe dico. So Persevero.
11
ATL
Assïduus. Sedeo, like Sedulus. Formerly, one of
the higher class, as able to sit idle, says Becman.
Charisius from asses duo or do, from the tribute they
were able to pay the state.
Assis, Axis, a plank. For asseris from asser. As
Auxerim, Auxim ; Faxero, Faxo.
Asso. Assum facio.
Assus. As Careo, Carsus, Cassus, so ardeo, arsus,
assus. Roasted, broiled; dried, dry; hence un
mixed with water, unmixed with anything, mere,
only. Others say, broiled, and things broiled have
only their own juices.
Ast. Home Tooke : ' I am not afraid of being
ridiculed for deriving ast from adsit, adst, ast, at, by
any one who will give himself the trouble to trace
the words, corresponding to But, of any language,
to their source.' Yet it is rather for at sit, and at
is from aire, air, on the contrary, as pArum from
vAtpov : but others from àrdp.
Aster, Astërias, Astëriscus, &c. GR.
Astraba, Astrœa, Astragalus, Astrôlogus, Astro-
nomus, Astrum, Astu. GR.
Astula, a lathe. Voss writes assula from assis,
but astula is genuine. From a verb asseco, assectum,
assectula.
Astur, a kind of hawk. 'Atrreptas.
ASTURCO, a genet. From Asturia in Spain.
Astus, dexterity, cunning. Terence : An in astu
venit ? where Patrick remarks : ' From Ho-tv, astu,
is derived astutus, because those who live in cities
have generally a finer address, and are better judges
of mankind than such as have always lived in the
country.' And we speak vulgarly of the country
boobies. We have similarly Urbanus and Civilitas
taken from the manners of the city. (2) Ars : Ridd.
Asylum, Asymbolus, Asyndeton. GR. &<rv\ov, &c.
At. See on Ast.
âtâbulus, a pernicious Apulian wind. From a
word ârâ$6\oi, damnosus.
At at, Atat, Attat, interjections of various import.
From ioTTorai. (2) An abrupt interruption of the
discourse,—But, but .
Atávus, a fourth grandfather. For adavus as
Proavus. ' Atavos et avorum Nomina,' Virg. So
Gr. iiriiramos. T, as aDnepos, aTnepos; aDque,
aTque. (2) Wachter from attœ avus. 'Atto is a
father in Homer.
Atellâna, a humorous interlude. From Atella,
an Oscan town.
Ater, black. Aiebj, black, JE. alebp, (as arboS,
arboR,) $0op, ater, as KWpiov, Atrium. See Utor.
E, as aspEr from 4<nrOpos; numErus from vópOs,
yó/xOp.
Athênseum, Atheiis, Athlêta, Athlon. GR.
Atlantlion, the lowest joint of the neck. In the
manner Atlantis, of Atlas; as supporting the other
joints.
 ATO
Atfimus, atom. "Aro^os.
Atque. Soft for adque, as aTnepos for aDne]>os,
aTavus for aDavus. ' And in addition to this.'
(2) For at que, ' but and.' So perhaps ' but and if,'
1 Pet. 3. 14.
Atrâmentum, ink. Ater, atra.
Atrîplex, orage. Corrupted from atriphex, from
àTpátpaÇts.
Atrium, courtyard, &c. AlBpiov, aBpiov, the open
air; as \a®tw, laTeo. Maittaire 394. C, has airpla
for alBpia. The atrium had an area open to the sky.
(a) Others from atrum, as black from the smoke,
whence Juvenal speaks of the statues there as ' fu-
mosos equitum magistros.'
Atrôphus, Atrôpos, Atrôtus. GR.
Atrox, raw, &c. From a word ito-paf, not fit to
eat, raw : then cruel, like Crudelis from Crudus.
Attagen, (or -âgen,) woodcock. 'Arrayiiv.
Attálïcus, rich. From king Attalus.
Attâmïno. See Contamina.
Attëgia, hut. Juvenal : Maurorum attegias, cas-
tella Brigantum. A Moorish word, says Forcellini :
but, as Castella is not a North-British word, why
attegiee a Moorish ? which from adtego.
Attïce. Pliny calls it ' ochra Attica.'
Attïcurges, done in the Attic style. 'Atthcoup-
fi\s.
Attïguus. See Contiguus.
ft Attîlus, some large fish of the Po, . 'Aer ffjTfi. So So, í4a, uVeo ; caVeo ; faVeo. Thus
Attônïtus, thunderstruck. Tono.
Attubus, corrupted from atypus, &tvttos. Stutter
ing.
Au, Hau, Ahu, interjections. Priscian says, from
the sound. Or the Greek a, or 4, & íí.
Avârus, covetous. Aveo.
Aucella, Aucilla. Avis, avicella.
Auceps, fowler. Aviceps ; avis, capio.
Auctio. auction. Augeo, auctum. In an auction
the bidding increases.
Auctor, an adviser. From augeo, auctum, to am
plify, embellish, set off, commend to another. Cicero
defines the Eloquent man ' qui mirabiliùs ac magni-
ficentiùs augere posset atque ornare qua; vellet.'
Riddle understands it, the furtherer, promoter, i. e.
who brings anything to a greater or more advanced
state. Auctor is also the producer, maker, creator,
composer, doer of anything, i. e. one who increases
the stock of anything, adds to what there is at pre
sent of it. Thus, in the sense of an author of a book,
we may quote the Consolations in Travel, p. 224 :
' I have added some little to the quantity of human
knowledge.' In the sense of Adviser it may be
explained ' one who produces an effect.' (a) Some
write autor, from avròs, M. avrbp, who acts of him
self, is the original independent cause. And indeed
antor would for euphony pass into auCtor.
Auctor, seller in an auction. That is, auctor
12
AUG
emendi, habendi. Or, qui auget aliquein re emtâ.
Or, as in Auctio, one who offers the goods at an ad
vancing price.
Auctòritas, authority, power. Auctor.
Auctôro, to sell or let out for hire. Auctor, a
seller. Also to receive as wages or reward for ser
vices ; incur penalty for bad services.
Auciipor, am a fowler. Auceps.
Audeo, dare. Aveo, avidus, avideo, audeo, as
Gaveo, (whence Gavisus,) Gavidus, Gavideo, Gaudeoj
Aviceps, Auceps.
Audio. ' 'Attn, àFíte, alita, auDio, as clauDo :'
James Bailey. And Thiersch thus : àtu, àFía, avDio,
audio, (a) To perceive (avSij) a sound, as Sentio is
deduced by some from Sonitus. Donldn. compares
' on the principles of association ' audio with aiSiu,
to speak.
Ave, Have, hail ! Whiter : ' Nothing but Habe,
Have, possess, riches, honor, health.' So the
French AVoir from HABëre. See erVum. (a)
' From an old word kirn, whence aiya, [augeo,] :'
Ridd.
Avellâna, hazle-nut. Common about Avella or
Abella in Campania.
Avêna, oat ; oaten straw. 'AtjkA, sterile trees, in
Hesych. Stériles avenœ, Virg. See Aveo. (a) ' Per
haps for havena, favena, from haba,faba :' Ridd.
Aveo, aía, àFéa, to pant after, seek. Hesychius :
Is. Voss well derives aVena from ar\vh, sterile trees,
in Hesychius.
Avernus, a noisome Campanian lake : Hell. For
Avornus from itFopvos, birdless. jEu. 6. 239-242.
Averrunco, I dispel. A, verrunco. Or at once
from aTrepfivKw.
Averta, ' cloak-bag behind a horse : probably from
its being carried on the aversa, hinder part of the
horse :' Fore. Averto, averta, as Fundo, Funda.
Or for aversata. Some understand it a bridle's
headstall, to which the reins are fixed : as turning
the horse from the straight road at the rider's will,
(a) 'Aopr-lip: Ridd.
Aufëro. Abfero, as Aufugio. So aLter, French
aUtre.
Augeo. Lennep and Riddle conjecture an old
verb aGyu, whence aij^ca, avÇávw, and avylca, augeo.
Indeed adyoi appears to be a lengthened form of
&yu, to carry forward.—Others from aùje'ai, augseo,
augeo.
Augur, for avigur : One who observes, quo modo
aves se gérant. Like Auspex. Ovid derives this
and augustus from augeo: Fast. 1. 609-612. ?
Augustâles ludi. From Augustus.
Augustus, venerable, sacred. Consecrated by an
augur. As Robur, Robustus.
Augustus, August. From the Emperor. So Au
gusta charta, &c.
 AVI
Avia, grandmother, Avus.
Avïdus. Aveo, as Frigidus.
Avis, bird. From òtf, àFli, as formed from aiaoa,
foi, i. e. òmiS, (Etym. M.) cum impetu feror. Hence
avis, as oAtÓ7r?j{, àtú\7rrjH, vulpeS. V, as 6is, oVis.
(a) Haigh : ' From ata, avo, to cry out, to chirp.'
Thus Varro states that it is particularly said of singing
birds. (3) Riddle from fai/u : ' On account of the
motion of the air caused by flight.' Too indirect.
Avltus, of yore. Avus, as Crinitus.
Avius, à via, as Devius.
Aula, courtyard, &c. Aù\^.
Aula, a pot, jar. Donldn. from auxilla in Festus.
And from the Cretan als, an ear, could be arnica, as
Manica, Fabrica ; ausicula, auscula, anemia, i. e.
auxula, auxilla. (2) Olla, aulla. See Laurus.
(3) Riddle thinks it allied to aìiAbs, a hole. I. e., a
pot with a narrow neck. As /cijp02, cerA. (4) Vas,
vasilla, nasilla. See Otium ad fin. (5) Hesych. :
AùAá- wavScKTTis. Good, if it is not merely aula
hellenized.
Aukeum, curtain, &c. Aì\aía : if not from ai-
\aiov, mentioned by Buda;us, though Stehens
states it was more used by the Latins than the
Greeks.
Aulax, Aulëtes. GR.
AuKci, servants aula, of a palace.
Aulix ' seems the same as Aulax :' Fore.
Aulœdus, piper. AvKatiis.
Aura, breeze. Atpa.
Aurâta, a fish ' auri imitata decus,' Ov.
Aurea. See Auriga.
Aurichalcum, latten. OvpelxaKKos.
Auriga, charioteer. From aurea and ago, like
Quadriga. But what is aurea ? The same as orea,
a bit, used by the old writers. But orea should be
rather put for aurea, than the reverse ; as cAUdex
into cOdex, explAUdo into explOdo. Yet auriga
might be written, to give a fuller sound to origa :
See on Laurus, Caurus, Aurichalcum. Orea is easily
derived from os, oris: as placed in the horses'
mouths. Thus o-TOfiiov was the mouthpiece of a
bridle. Festus indeed says : ' Quae ad aures equorum
religabatur.' But Forcellini asks who can believe
that bits were ever put to horses' ears ? (2) 'Opei-
ybs, oipaybs, a mule-driver, as Aurichalcum.
Auris, ear. The Cretans and Tarentines, says
Scaliger, said als for ois, (as hAud from OÛ5',)
whence the ancient amis, then auris; as aSa, after
wards aRa. We have also auSculto : unless this is
for auRIBUS-culto. — Or thus : als, gen. aùbs,
auRis, as pis, pu>bs, muRis. Or ads, M,. atp, as
ti2, tiP in Uesychius. (a) For hauris, as Ansa for
Hansa. Virgil : Vocemque his auribus hausi. So
Helvig from apiu.
Aurora. For aurea hora, the golden hour, (a)
From atpa and &pa, the hour of the fresh air of
13
AUT
i morning. Or, in this sense, from auri aura JEn. 6.
204. (3) For avpia &pa, to-morrow's hour.
Auriigo, jaundice. From its color (auri) of gold.
As jErugo.
Aurum. Riddle : ' From aipov, an old Greek word.'
Liddell : ' Aipov, Lat. aurum, gold.' Stephens 2476 :
' Aipov, aurum. Dosiades : ASpov ir\tv9ois : whence
6r\cravpbs, Festus.' And atpiov, the morrow, is de
duced by many from the golden color of the morn
ing; and Ayxavpov, the dawn. Certainly there was
an old word &a, to shine, whence iurriip and iorpov;
and hence ata, to shine, whence airy)), splendor, and
this aipov. ' So the classical writers describe gold
by its brightness. Pindar xP"ffù5 aìBi/ievov irvp.
Virgil fulvum, Ovid micans, Apuleius coruscans,
Claudian rutilum :' Becm. Aiov particip. kindling,
lighting, might mean shining, whence auRum, as
uRo.
Ausculto, listen to. Key from ausis anc. for
auris; ausicula, ausiculito. (a) Auribus-culto, from
colo, cultum.
Ausim. For ausus sim.
Auspex. For avispex, from avis, specio. One who
observes birds. Like Augur.
Auspïcor, I begin, i. e. an undertaking by consult
ing the auspices.
Auster, S. wind. As Ansa is soft for Hansa, so
auster for hauster from haurio, hauslum, to draw up
liquids. As drawing up the vapors of the earth and
sending them down in rain : whence it is called
Niros from NotIj, moisture, and Humidus auster.
Jerome calls it Pincerna pluviarum. Of a ship we
say ' haurire mare,' to draw water, to leak, (a) From
aiarbs ab ata. But this should rather mean parched,
dry, than hot, which is the character of this wind,
as ' Tepido nôto' in Ovid, and so St. Luke 12. 55 :
though the senses easily coincide. And Hesychiu
has Aiaac <p\4(at, which might agree with the sense
of hot.
Austêrus, dry, harsh. Avarripòs.
Aut, aire, air, on the contrary : again. See
Autem.
Autem. Aire, ' again, furthermore, like Lat. au
tem:' Lidd. And Hand explains 'Ego autem' by
1 Ego ex altera parte,' which agrees with another
sense of a&re in Liddell : 'on the contrary.' Scheid :
' Homer : NcVrup aire /idMo-ra, Nestor autem
maxime.' Aire, aíríN before a vowel, as i™-i<r0fN.
See Decern. So Septem, Item.
Authenta, Authepsa, Autochthones, Autográphus,
Automaton. GR.
Autumnus, Auctumnus. Augeo, auctum : In which
the resources of the earth are augmented. From the
Gr. -áiitvos, as in Alumnus, Vertumnus.
Autumo, I think ; aver. As M», vKstïmo, so trus
tor, auctoritimo, or auctorilumo, (as maritlmus and
maritUmus,) autumo. (a) Aio, aitumo: Ridd.
 AVU
(3) Avis, avitumo. To judge from the flight of hirds,
like Auguror. 4 As œditimus is tedis intimus, so
avitimus is conversant with birds :' Donldn. (A) Ai-
tós. To judge of or for one's self. (5) A6a>, itu,
to speak. As <prip.i is both to think and to speak.
Avunculus, uncle. Avus, as Homo, Homunculus.
Pusillus amis, says Scaliger.
Avus, grandfather. 'Air<f>{is, à<pvs, avus, as *ì.tt\s,
Vates.
Auxïliura, help. Augeo,auxi: Quo quis auget nos,
furnishes us with means. Like Consilium, Exilium.
But the termination in those is accounted for; not
so in auxilium. Like our word Corn-chandler, im
properly formed from Tallow-chandler, from Can-
dela, Candle.
Axënus, Axiôma. GR.
Axilla, wing. Ago, axi, axula : That on which
the bird acts or on which it impels itself. Thus axis
is the iron on which a hinge works, and the pole
round which the world turns, like 6£u>v ab &ryw, t£a>.
Ala is also an arm-pit, on which the arm works.
(3) Axula from atuau, àí|a, ç|û>, to rush. Qua ruit
avis.
Axis, axis. See on Axilla.
Axis, a plank. For assis, as ulySSes, ulyXes.
Axones, Azymus (or Azymus). GR.
B.
Baba;, strange ! Bagai.
Bacca. The Delphin Editor calls baccœ on JEn.
3.649 'exigui quilibet arborum FŒTUS.' AndArnold
' any little round FRUIT, not a nut.' And Dr. John
son derives our word Berry from the Saxon Beran,
to Bear. Hence from pario might be parica, like
Fabrica, Manica, Unica; and parica (as moBIlis
becomes moLlis,) could become paCca or bacca, as
riiifor, Buxus.
Baccar, sage of Jerusalem. Bdnnapis.
Baccha, Bacchor. From Bacchus, Bdxxos.
Baceolus, foolish. ' Used by Augustus. Perhaps
from BdxjiXos, Suid. òkÍtjtos. Others read bateolus
or bacêlus' Forcell. A form BaKÍXas is used by
Alcman.
Bacillus, staff. Riddle : ' Allied to Bdxrpov, from
Bda, (Ufa, to go.' More directly, from a word
BaSinhs from BaSíÇa. Badiculus, baculus. (2) Bdtris,
' fulcimentum ; columna ; fundamentum : ' Steph.
2519. Basiculus, bacillus.
Bâdius, bay-colored. From /3ats, ÍSoj.
Bâdîzo, to walk. BaSíÇu.
Baetïcâtus, clothed from wool from the Bœlis in
Spain.
Baise, warm baths. From Baìœ in Campania,
abounding in warm springs.
Bàjìilus, a carrier. BaSífoi, BaSm, badiolus, as
14
BAR
Sciolus, Aquariolus ; and bajulus, as our solDIer is
pronounced solJer. Or badiùlus, as Geriïlus. (a)
' Obs. baio, allied to Bdfa :' Ridd.
Bâlsena, whale. &d\aiva.
B&lanus, mast or acorn. BdfMvos.
Balatro, a worthless fellow. Barathrum, whence
barathro, baratro, balatro, as AeíPioi», liLium. Ho
race : Pernicies barathrumque macelli. Or, fit to
be cast into a pit, as Verbero, ônis. (2) Dacier :
'As KaAfi, Kakiarptà, so fidWu, Ba\dÇu>, paAaarrpw;
and balatro, one who poured water for prostitutes
when bathing, [aquariolus]. Or from Bd\Aw, /3aA-
\i(a>, to dance. Horace joins them with Mima;.'
(3) From a worthless fellow of this name.
Balaustium, flower of pomegranate. GR.
Balbus, stammering. From BxdBos, hurt; transp.
Bd\fros, as rdp<pos from Tpt<pw, fTpafyov ; bardus
from Bpatiis. Hurt in his speech. (B) Soft for
bambus, allied to BafiBaiva. (3) Balo : Ridd.
Bâlïneum, bath. Ba\aytu>r.
Baliolus, tawny. For badiolus from badius. As
áAutnreùî, uLysses.
Ballista, Bâlista, cross-bow. BdXKw, I throw.
Ballistëa, madrigals sung by dancers. BoAA/fw,
to dance.
BALLUX, gold-dust. Supposed to be a Spanish
word. Martial has Ballucis HISPANvE. (a) He-
sych. has BdWtxa- \)nj<pov.
Balneum. For Balineum.
Bâlo, to bleat. BâXov Mo\. of juijAov, a sheep, as
Bvp/irit for Múp/i7|{. (8) From the sound bah, bah.
Balsâmum, balsam. Bdhaafiov.
Balteus, belt. B\i)r4os, JE. BXâréos, BaKréos,
balteus : Which may be cast round, for ò.fi<ptB\r)Téos.
Thus Ïtvs is i/jKptrvs. Balteus is àp.<pí$\7i/ia. (2)
Becm. for bullatus. ?
Bambâlio, stammerer. Ba/iBaKlfa, tâ.
Baphia, Baptœ, &c. GR.
Barathrum, deep pit. BdpaBpor.
Barba, beard. For the cheek where it grows ;
from irapttà, whence (as BiBo from rii»,) BariBa,
BarBa. (2) As XOyxH' lAncea ; vOlvae, vAlvse ;
so barba from tyopBa, pasture, i. e. the growth of the
face. B, as Qd\aiva, Balfena. (3) From Bapcia..
As indicative of gravity and authority. ?
Barbârïcus, Phrygian, as Phrygians were called
barbari. Hence Barbaricarii, Phrygian embroid
erers.
Barbaras, Barbïtos. GR.
Barbus, mullet. Barba, as bearded.
Bardaicus, made by the Bardei in lllyria.
Bardi, poets of Gaul. BdpSot, Strabo, &c.
Bardo-cucullus, cowl as worn by the Bardi, or by
the Bardei, above.
Bardus, dull. BpaSbs, BapSvs, whence Bapìírepos,
Bdpiiffros.
Bâris, an Egyptian boat. Bâpis.
 BAR
Bâro, Vâro, Varro, ' a hard or knotty log or
stake. Hence a dull loutish fellow, like Stipes. And
a soldier's fag, a stupid clown :' Fore. Vacerra,
vacerro, varro, &c. (à) Vara, a stake. (3) Bdptis,
heavy. As said of a dolt. ?
BARRITUS. Ammianus: ' Terrifico fremitu quern
BARBARI vocant Barritum.' From the barbarous
sound barr, barr.
BARRUS, elephant. The Indian barre, allied
probably to the great family of the verb to bear,
<p*pa, &c.
Barycëphâlae, Barycae, buildings with low walls
but spacious roofs. Bapv>té<pu\ai, Bapiìai.
BASCAUDA, a BASKET. British.
Bàsïlia, Basilica, BâsïUcon, Bâsïlïcum, Bâsïlïcus,
Básilisca, Bâsïliscus, Basis. GR.
Bâsium, a kiss. Hesychius has j8oí«iv <pi\tiv,
ttokaneòetv. Hence basium from Bdv, £<uVa; formed
like ffrijíTiov from ffrdta, yrfitriov from yevvdui, yvdw,
and Lat. amasius from Amo. Basia, says Dumesnil,
are kisses of tenderness, haïra is often used in the
sense of iwafiaiyu and Btv4a.
Bassâreus, Bastâga. GR.
Basterna, litter for women. ' From Paarû, later
Gr. for 0affrd(a :' Voss. Basterna, as Caverna.
Bat, pish, tush. Flautus jocularly uses it as an
answer to one who says At. (a) Voss allies it to
BarroXoyia, babbling.
Bátia, a skate. Gr. Paris.
Bâtillum, Vâtillum, fire-shovel, warming-pan, &c.
For batanillum (much as Puerula, Puella,) from a
word batinum formed from the Sicilian Bardviov, a
pan. (2) Tlardyn : Ridd.
Batiola, a goblet. For batiacula from Banden, a
cup, in Athenœus. Various readings however are
suggested.
Batuo, i. q. fityew. Botcvw.
Batuo, to beat. Tiardcraa is to beat, and irdros is
a trodden or beaten path, and Barcu was said at
Delphi for iraréa, to tread. Allied then is batuo, to
beat, as also batuo above. Bala also was to strike ;
and, if we suppose the obs. irda, this could produce
irania, like Bda>, (to make to go,) Barevu.
Baubor, to bark. From the sound bau, or allied
to BavÇai. ' Neo-Graecis est BaBíÇu,' says Bailey.
Baxeae, slippers. nàf, Hesych. úiróSrma. (2) Ba-
{», fut. of Paivu.
Bdellium. BSe'AAiov.
Beâtus. Participle of beo.
Bee, sound of sheep. B^.
Bellâria, sweetmeats. Terence : ' Quod erit bel-
lissimum carpam.' Like Bon-bon.
Bellis, white-daisy. From bellus.
Bellôna, the goddess belli, of war.
Bellônâria, nightshade. As taken by the Bello-
nqrii, priests of Bellona, to inspire them with fury.
Bellua, large beast. From bellum, as Mutua, Ani-
15
BET
bigua. I. e. belligerent, always at war with other
animals. Thus Horace calls wolves ' martiales
lupos.'
Bellum. For duellum from duo, Svo, as Bis for
Duis, Bes for Dues. Uellum, wellum, bellum, as is
seen in our common Billy for Willy. Bellum, says
Dumesnil, is used by poets for single combat. (a)
From Bé\os, as meLLis from /xeAi.
Bellus, pretty, &c. For benellus or bonellus from
bene or bonus. Or benulus, benlus.
Bêlo, bleat. From bee. And see balo.
Bënè. See Bonus.
Bënignus. Bene, and anc. geneo, genui. For
benigenus, i. e. bene genitus, or like boni inyenii. So
Malignus, Salignus.
BENNA, a travelling vehicle, explained 'corbis,
cista,' evidently our BIN.
Beo, from Biâ, ' to live ; espec. to live happily :'
Lidd. Used actively. Becman : ' Plautus : Quod
gusto, id beat, i. e. facit irpbs rbv j3/oc, prodest vita;.'
E, as Eum, Earn for Ium, lam, like Ii, lis. So àvrl,
antE. (2) From j3e'w, Peiu, pdouat, i. e. to make to
go on well, succeed in life. Herodotus : toû píov (S
%kovti. We say, How do you go on ? He goes on
well.
Berbex, the same as Verueœ.
Bêryllus, beryl. BfyvKKos.
Bes, bessis, two-thirds of an As, &c. For dues,
duessis, from duo, assis : as Duellum, Bellum. The
As is supposed divided into three parts, and two
taken. ' So the later Greeks said Si/ioipov, two parts
of a whole divided into three :' Forcell. (2) Voss
supposes the seven first units were taken in order ;
and then the rest, beginning with bes, were called
from decreasing the as, i. e. de asse. So some derive
Bis from At's. But ?
Bestia. As pestis from pestum i. e. perestum, so
also pestia or bestia, as nú£os, Buxus. Much as âvIA,
BalvIA, gratlA. Thus Forcellini states that it is
properly said of animals wild by nature and injurious
to man. (a) From vUÇw, iren-fem-ai, to oppress.
I, as parlEns, parEns ; janUItor, janitor. (3) For
vestia: as these beasts do not so much feed as clothe
man. (4) Becman for bostia from BS>s, an ox : as
vEster and tEsta. Riddle : ' Allied to Bóu, whence
Bobs, Bovs.'
Bêta, the letter. B^to.
Bêta, beet. Its seed, when it swells out, resem
bling the B. Columella, describing the plant, calls
it ' litera proxima primas.'
Bëtâlis, soft and loose like beta, beet. ' Languidior
tenerâ betâ,' Catull. Hence the betizo of Augustus.
Bëto, Bïto, I go. BtjtS, as formed from B^Pn^ai,
like àiHpiaBnTw. The ë short, as in jëcur, and â in
dâbam. Indeed /3ea> seems to have existed, as ap
pears from fitiofiai and $tba. (a) For bâto. Ba-rtlv
Tropfifiv, Hesych. So atpoBaru. E, as grEssus.
 BET
BETONICA, Vet-, Bett-, betony. Pliny: ' Vet-
tones in Hispaniâ invenere earn quae vettonica dicitur
in Galliâ.'
BETULA, the birch-tree. Gallica arbor, says
Pliny. The Germ, wit, our white. Celt, beitha.
Biblïnus, Bibliopôla, Bibliôthëca, Biblus. OS.
BTbo, iricù, as /3iû, viVo.
Bïclïnium. A hybrid word, says Quintilian, from
bis, xXivn : like Triclinium. See Tritavus.
Bídens. Bis, dens. Having two teeth, said of a
hoe or drag. Also a sheep for the sacrifice, having
two teeth more prominent, or more long, or more
high than the rest, according to Festus, Senilis, and
Isidorus respectively. But it is better understood of
a sheep two years old, from bis, annus : for biens, as
proDes, proDeo.
Btdental, a place or man struck by lightning, for
which a bidens has been sacrificed.
Bïfâriam, in two ways, &c. For, sari, as Supdaia.
So Multifarius, Precarius.
Bîgae. For biagœ, from bis, ago. Drawn by two
horses. So Quadrigae, (a) For bijugœ, and Quadri-
jugae.
Bigerrïca or -ga, coarse garment worn by the
Bigerri at the Pyrenees.
Bïlis, gall. Like Vilis, ' from <pav\os, bad ; juice
being understood :' Ainsw. As QdXaiva, Balaena.
Bilix, woven with two threads. Bis, lieium.
Bïmus, of two years. From bis, annus : for bien-
nimus, as Inferissimus becomes Imus, Brevissima
Brutna. (2) Bis, amnus anc. for annus, q. v.
Bini. From bis, like Trini. Or duis, duini, as
Bis.
Bïpennis. Dumesnil : ' From bis, penna, a pinion,
wing. A halberd, pole-axe.' In this last sense ptnna
is metaphorical : Spread out like the two wings of a
bird, much as Alae is applied to the flanks of an
army. Pliny uses bipennis, as having two wings. —
Some consider there was an old word/jinnu*, pointed,
and refer it to the Celtic or to the Hebrew. Dr.
Johnson says of our word Pin : ' From pennum, low
Latin.'
Birrus. For burrus.
Bis, twice. For duis, from duo. See on Duellum.
(S) Matthias : ' AtXipiv, Mo\. BeX<pli>, and Alj, Lat.
bis.'
Bison, a wild ox. Biauv.
Bïto. See Beto.
Bitumen. From irÍTTajuot (as ipClpbs, fUris,) or a
word TrÍTTfv/ia, pitch. B, as niS|oj, Buxus. (2) 'As
pitch, flowing from the irtVuj, fir:' Turt.
Blaesus, lisping. BXaurbs, twisted, i. e. distorted.
Blandior, blandus sum.
Blandus, who talks smoothly : fromplanus, whence
planidus, as Vivus, Vividus. B, as IM{os, Buxus ;
Xlrpa, JE. \íîlpa, liBra. (8) From irXavda, to mis
lead ; planidus, &c. (3) From tpXàSû, M. of <pXnSâ,
BOV
to talk idly : (Hesych.) N, as in spleNdeo. B, as
4>d\aiva, Balaena.
Blâtëro, Blâtio, to babble, talk idly. Blatio from
BXaSd- fiupà, Hesych. and blatero from BXaSapà id.
So Bxdfa is luepaivw. A, as aTavus. (a) From
TrKarbs, like ' ìrXaSSidu, to talk nonsense, as Fr. des
platitudes :' Lidd.
Blatta, tin-worm, book-worm. Soft for blapta
from BAdirra, to injure. As Fundo, Funda. Or a
word Bxdirrns, BXdwra. Virgil uses it of the beetle.
Becman explains it ' qui corrumpit aliquid.' (a) From
8\d<rra, propago, which Latin word is appUed also
to animals.
Blenius, al. Blendius, a small sea-fish. Athenaeus
BéXtvvos, Oppian BXévyos.
Blennus, stupid. From Bxévva mucus of the
nose. Hence Lat. ' emunctae naris ' is intelligence.
Blenni dentes are said as having mucous filth.
Bliteus, stupid. Gr. Bxirns, sr. B\Wov, blitum, the
herb blite, ' quod iners videtur ac sine sapore :' Plin.
Boa, a large sea-serpent. From B6a, acc. of Bovs :
from its large size. Others, because it sticks to and
sticks cows to death. (B) From Bins, Bin, Mol. of
Sins, a diver.
Boa, swelling of the legs from walking. Salmas.
from Bia, Mo\. of Sin, pain, (a) Dacier from B6a,
acc. of Bovs, from its large size. (3) Voss from its
resemblance to that of a bite from the Boa.
Boiae, a collar for the neck of slaves. From
Pótiat, as made of ox-hide. Cange has boga>, i. e.
bojœ, as 'ldawv, Jason. G, as Jardin, Garden.
Bôlêtus, mushroom. BuXtrns.
Bolônae, Bôlus, Bôlus, Bombax, Bombus, Bom
byx. GR.
Bonus. For bênus, (whence bene, and benulus,
bellus,) from beo; as Manus, good, from fidm, to de
sire ; Plenus from Pleo, Impleo. That which blesses
or makes us blessed. 0, as pEdo, pOdex ; pEndo,
pOndus ; "EXcuov, Oleum. (8) From wortì, as Srov-
8o?oj, good, from SirouíV). So ïliÇos, Buxus. (3)
From Fovâ i. e. òvtai, bvâ, to profit, help. That is,
profitable, as Virgil : Buna hello comus. So Qdxaiva,
Balaena. (4) Festus mentions an old word duonus.
Hence may be bonus, as Duellum, Bellum ; and duo
nus, as Colonus, may be from anc. duo, do : giving,
liberal, merciful, good. As : ' The Lord is good unto
all that call upon Him.'
Boo, I roar out. Bo<3. (8) A sono bourn.
Bootes, Boreas, Borra. GR.
Bos, an ox. JEoi. Bus.
Boscas or Boschis, Bôthynus, BStryo. GR.
Bôtiïlus, a sausage. Voss : For bothulus from
BiiaXov, which the ancients explain by Biaim, a
stuffing, as Farcio, Farcimen. (a) Barbs, food.?
BSvinor, shuffle, shift. From boves. From lean
oxen taking breath in ploughing. Lucilius joins
Bovinator and Strigosus, which see.
 BOV
Bòvo, i. q. boo. BofS. Or from boves.
Bràbëum, Brábeuta. GR.
BRACE, BRACC.E, our breeches. Called so,
says Diodorus, by the Gauls and Germans : and
Lucan, by the Sarmatians. (a) From Bp*x"s-
Brâcbium, arm. BpaxW.
Bractea, thin leaf of gold. From Bpáxa> £e-
BpaKrat, crepito. ' Quia bractea, jactata manu,
plicatur et crépitât :' Forcell. So Virgil applies to it
' crepitabat.'
Branchiœ, gills. Bpiyx'*.
f Brassïca, cabbage, colewort. Jos. Scaliger says :
' Brasica, a garden vegetable, irpaauc^, as BaatKitci\.
You will write it more correctly with one S.' But
irpacriKÌi is from npiarov, a leek, very different.—
ripa<ria/c7) might be from irpaaií, a bed in a garden,
and mean brassica, as being a very common vege
table. But ?
Brastae, earthquakes. Bpiarat.
Brëvis, short, corrupted from j8paxi>s, brahis, as
Xópros, Hortus; then bravis, as 'EoWpa, Hespera,
Vespera ; and brëvis, as grAssus, grEssus. Observe
the formation of Ensis.
Brimo, Hecate. Bptud.
Brissa, lump of pressed grapes. Bpi(a>, Hesych.
to press, (a) Bpiiw, aw, to make to flow out.
From which the juice is poured out.
Brochus, Brocchus, having the teeth standing out.
From 7rpofx*)s> Tpovxhs, prominent : or a word
npâoxos as Qoxos.
Bromius, Bacchus. Bpé/uos.
Brúma. Brevis, brevima, breuima; — or brevis-
sima, as Iuferissima, Ima. The short or shortest
day or days in the year.
Bruttiâni, slaves, called from the Bruttii who
were the first to join Hannibal and were degraded
by the Romans.
Brutus, dull, senseless. Festus says : ' Bruium
antiqui graven dicebant.' Hence from BapiOu,
Bpv8a>, gravor. As Ka@du, laTeo. Or rather, as
BeBapvptvos is quoted in Steph. 2690, from a word
Bapvrbs, Bpïirás. (St) Bapirris, Bpvrris. (3) Bapw-
rbs, Bpurhs, gravatus, as (pslpbs, fUris. Bapioi is
quoted in Steph. 2688. (4) Becm. deduces brutum
from Bpvrbv, edible: and hence brulus, insensible
as a brute.
Bûbâlus, a wild animal. BoiBaKos.
Bûbîle, ox-stall. Dat. bubus, as Bovile.
Bubo, horned owl. From the sound bu bu, which
produced also Gr. Bias; unless it is from Bias for
buo, buonis: B being inserted as in iriw, biBo.
Bubsèqua, herdsman. Bovisequa, bovsequa.
Bubulcus, herdsman. As Hiulcus, Petulcus, from
bûbus, or for bovulcus, as in Bubsequa.
Bûcœda. Bovicœda, boicœda, as 7rOlW), pUnio.
Bucca, inner part of the cheek. As Inferissimus
is cut down to Infimus and Imus, so <pva-t)TtKa, fit
17
CAB
for puffing up, cut down to cpiana, busca, bucca.
Thus &u$a, amBo. Indeed (pvaicr) is the large in
testine, and a pudding stuffed therein, evidently
from (pvffJua. (8) Voss from jSiifcu, to stuff full.
Buccea, Buccella, Bucco, Buccûla ; from bucca.
Bûcërus, with great horns. Bovttépus.
Bucëtum, pasture for cattle. As Fruticetum, for
bovicetum, boicêtum.
Bucïna, Buccïna, trumpet. Bvxávri in Polybius.
As fiaxA-và, machina. (B) From bucca, the mouth.
Bûcôlïcus, pastoral. BovkoMkÍs.
Bûcûlâ. Bonis, bovicula.
Bûfo, a toad. As Bcur/cay», Fascino, bufo from
stvBos, full, loaded, large : which, says Steph., is
doubtless from (Siiai. So Wachter from Germ, puf-
fen, as puffed out. (a) Hesych. has BvrSbv, irKrjdos,
from BÌa, whence an Jîolic word Bvr(pbs, 0v<ptpbs,
bufo. Or from Búu suppose fliWai, as Sim, tiitTa ;
and Bvtpwv like kvtttw, Kvtpuy.
Bûglossa, herb ox-tongue. Boiy\uaaos.
Bulbus, bulb ; onion. BoKBis.
Bûlë, Greek senate. BovKi).
Bulga, a bag. Bohybs, Mo\. of /u>\y6s. A, as
k%>02, cerA.
Bulla, bubble; boss, nail. From SoA);, 0o\à,
Bo\\à, a throw. A bubble made by throwing a
stone in the water, when ' on the smooth expanse of
crystal lakes The sinking stone at first a circle makes.'
(a) náWa, a ball, Steph. 7183. Hence jEol. xoMa,
bolla, as SApa, dOmo, and as nú£os, Buxus. (3)
Voss from j8o«/A.à, counsel : the bulla being given
when youths came to years of discretion. (4) From
a word <pvtrá\ri, from <pv<riu, like (pwraAAls, a bub
ble ; busla, bulla. As 4>ÓÁatva, Balama.
Bûmamma, a large grape, 'from Bovs and mamma,'
Varro : formed like
Bûmastus, of the same meaning. BoipatrTos.
Bûra, Bûris, the plough-tail. Bobs ovpà, Booupà,
as being curved like an ox's tail, (a) Voss from
vvis, a ploughshare ; Mo\. Bins, buris, as 5eiNi>j,
diRus.
Burrse, trifles. Voss: Properly burrœ vestes, a
common vile raiment burri coloris, of a red color.
Burrio, to make the sound burr, like pismires.
Burrus, Birrus, red. Hugo's, (a) Rubrus transp.?
Bustum, where bodies were burnt. Buro, bustum,
whence comburo, i. e. from irvpâ. (a) Or eBoi, fíiía,
BuRo : B, as iriFâ, biBo ; R, as m/bs, nuRus.
Bûteo, a buzzard. Perhaps, (as Duellum, Bel-
lum ; Duis, Bis) from a word Stuns, like the àrìs,
bustard with long feathers in the ears. As fUris.
Bûthysia, Bûtyrum, Buxus, Byrsa, Byssus. Bov-
Qvffla, Bovrvpov, Ilv^os, Bvpo~a, Bvffffos.
C.
Câballus, pack-horse. KaBáWris.
c
 CAC
Cácàbus, Caccâbus, kettle. KÍKna$os.
Cachinno, I laugh out. From a verb Kaxaívw,avû,
(as $a<TKAvâ, fasclno,) like «ax^fo». So Kax^alva
and Kax*-dfa.
' Cáco. Kclkkû Aristopb.
Câcoêthes, Cacozêlus, Cactos. GR.
Câcûla, a soldier's drudge. Scaliger from kokos,
timid : Such being not soldiers, but cowards and
runaways.
Câcûmen, sharp point. Ainsworth for co-acumen:
' Ubi acumina in unum coëant.' Compare Career.
(B) As rioXùí, rioiro\{is, Populus, and TÍ\Ao>, Ti-
tillo ; and Tetigi, Didici, &c. ; so acuo, acacuo,
acacumen, like Acumen. Then 'cacumen. I. e. acu
minatum, pointed. The same redupl. occurs in the
Cr. cuíaxeíaTo, &c. (3) The C prefixed to Acumen :
See on Cura.
Cadaver, corpse. From cado: for a dead body
cannot stand up, but must fall. Gr. Ttio-qua, rrâ/m.
So occido is to die. Virgil : Belloque caduci. Ho
race : Cecidere turmae.
Câdo. KaTcw, Kara, Ktireifii, to go down, as
vaDum from &aT6v. Others simply from kótcd,
down. (2) XaSà fut. of x^C"! 88 we 8ay TO FALL
back. (3) Contr. from KaraSva, xaSva.
Câdûceum, a herald's staff. Soft for caruceum,
KapÛKeov Syrac. for tenpixttov.
Câdûcus, about to fall. Cado.
CADURCUM, a quilt. From the Cadurci in
Gaul: Pliny.
C&dus, a cask. KdSos.
Caecias, N. E. wind. KoikÍoj.
Caecilia, blind-worm. Cœcus.
Caecus, blind. Hesychius has Skkos, an eye. See
on Oculus. Hence is Aokkos, as Sophocles has
àvéixuaros. And transposed, (as 'Apirow, Rapio ;
"iffKa, Scio ; "Chriaff, Post) kìokos, and cœcus, as
iroiVAO, poëtiË.
Caedes, slaughter. From cœdo.
Csedo, to cut or beat. From icedfa, àtéoSox, xea-
dea>, as x**Cw» ^X^01') x0-0'*0 i — then icnSfi, Kae5o>,
cado. — Or Kcdfa, KedtrSa, as &Ços, M. StrHos ; then
KaeVSu, cœsdo, cœdo. (2) From Kaía, the root of
KoiVio : cœo, cœDo, as clauDo, truDo, biDens, pro-
Dest. Or even from iraioi, assuming the form of
Kaíto, as KÒffos of iréffos.
Caelebs. See Calebs.
Casio, Coelo. Cœdo, cœsum, cœsulo, cœlo, as Uro,
Ustum, Ustulo. To cut, carve. Or at once from
cœlum, a graving tool, and this from cœdo. (2)
From Koi\v, to hollow out.
Caementum, stones from the quarry, as cut off
from larger ones. Cœdo, cœdimentum, as Ali-
mentum.
Caepe, Cëpe, onion. 'Mol. yrj<pv for yrjBv; or
yaitpv, for the Cohans changed i\ into at, as o-ievvii,
OKatvi), Scaena. Or from -sl\iriov [or yalmoi/'] Moi.
CAL
for yfirtoy :' Salmas. (2) Hesych. Kama, onions :
perhaps from iríjiroí, Kairos, a garden.
Cacremônia, Caerî-, Cêrë-. From the town Cœre,
to which the Romans carried their sacred utensils
in the war with Gaul. Livy calls it ' sacrarium po-
puli R., diversorium sacerdotum, receptaculum R.
sacrorum.' Hence was cœremonia, like Sanctimonia.
(2) From an old word cents, sacred. Wachter :
' Germ, her, sacred, from Upbs, whence cents and
cerimonia.' Or, as vEna from Flva, so cents from
ipós : C for the aspirate.
Caentes tabulae, the freedom of the city, without
the right of voting or of office : given to the people
of Cœre, who entertained the Vestals flying from the
Gauls.
Ceerulus : See Cœrulus.
Caesáries. Cœsus, cut : as Luxuries. So Gr. 9p!{
from Btpifa, {o>. Dumesnil : ' Particularly said of a
man's head of hair, as women's were never cut.'
Caesïcius, cut about the edge, from cœsus. Bailey :
Cui tonsi sunt villi.
Caesius. Nonnius from cœdo, cœsum : as said of
linen whited by beating it in the buck, which word
is itself from Goth, bucka, to beat. (2) Scaliger
assents to Nigidius's idea that it is for cœlius from
cœhtm, as being cerulean, azure. Better, like Ama-
sius, for cœlisius ; or for cœlius, i. e. cœlitius, as De-
dititius, Natalitius, &c. (3) From 70/01, through a
supposed fut. ^aíiroi, yaiatos, allied to ydvos, yyBtu,
&c. Like xapwrbs, azure, from x"P^- G, as Toipi»-
rbs, Corytus.
Caespes, Cespes, turf. Festus : ' The clod, cœsa,
cut in the form of a brick with the grass.' So
Sospes, Cuspis.
Caestus, gauntlet. Cœdo, cœstum. Quo cœdimus.
Caeterus. See Ceterus.
Cajo, to beat. Kato>, Mol. of iraía, as Kóaos of
Tlòtros. J, as 'IdVoty, Jason.
Câla, a staff. KâXov.
Câlabra curia, a place of convocation, from cala,
to call.
Câlabrïca, bardage for wounds. ' Called perhaps
from the Calabrian sheep :' Forcell.
Calamenta, the dry parts of a vine. From kS.\ov,
dry wood : Facciol.
Cal&mister, curling iron. KoAo^ij.
Câlâmïtas, properly, the breaking calamontm, of
the stalks of corn by a storm. See Clades. (2) For
camalitas from xaua\bs, x"o/«tXòs, on the ground.
Calamus, Câláthus. GR.
Câlâtor, a crier. Calo, ko\û.
Calcar, a spur tied calci, to the heel.
Calceus. As covering calcem, the heel, whereas
the solea covers only the sole. (2) From calco.
Calcïtro, Calco. From calx, cis.
Calcûlo, to count with a calculus, from calx, cis,
a stone.
 CAL
Calendar ' For in early times, before the
Fasti were published, the lesser Pontiff used calare,
to call the people to the Curia Calabra : and there
proclaimed how many days there were to the Nones,
whether 5 or 7. He used these words: Qninque
(or Septem) dies te calo, Juno Novella ; the first of
each month being sacred to Juno :' Forcell. ' From
a priest calling out to the people that it was new
moon :' Adam. Or because the creditor called on
this day the non-paying debtor into court.
Câlendârium, in which was registered an account
of the interest on money paid on the calendœ.
Câleo, am warm. From naXeas, burning, as Ho
mer, irvpl KyXétp. Thus KpHirtSa, crëpido ; (prjpa,
fera; SElfibp, tïmor. (2) From x^xda, as fiaSAn,
raadEO. Becman : Color rarefacit et laxat. Virgil :
Calor ille vias et caeca relaxât Spiramenta. (3) C
prefixed to à\éa, the heat of the sun. See on Cura.
C&liendrum, ornament for a woman's head. K<i\-
Kvmpov, caliuntrum, as SAAos, alius, caliundrum.
Càlïga, a half-boot set with nails. K<íA.u{, vkos,
points to a verb KáKiffaa, like koAwttw, to cover :
fut. 2. itaKvyâ, whence a word Ka\vyi), caliga, a
covering, (a) From icdKov, wood: calica, like
Manica : then caliga. A wooden shoe. (3) Voss :
Calcis, calcia, calica.i
Câlîgo, darkness. From Kiyt), darkness ; whence
Kara\vyda>, a, KdKXvyw, as Kakkemw for KaraKfívu.
The L dropt, as M in squaMMa, squaMa. (2) 'Al
lied to xdu, xala, to burn, whence KiqKós, kôaós :'
Ridd. And kijX/s. (3) As Kaarifa for KaTaffrifa,
so Karax^vv, (whence KaTÌx*-vais< caligo: Steph.)
and KCLxKiu, whence cachligo, as Orior, Origo : for
softness caligo, as XAaiva, Laena. (4) Halo, haligo:
C prefixed. See Cura.
Câlix, cup. KúXi|, as Kstvhs, cAnis.
Callaïcus, Callaïnus, of a sea-green color. Ka\-
XaXxbs, KaWdïvos.
Callais, Calais, a precious stone of a greenish
blue. ' Schneider acknowledges icdwdîs, kìAoïs,
KaWdïvos, KaXitvos : he should have added ydXais,
■ydwàis, &c.:' Steph. ccxxiv. And Liddell also
inserts ' K<i\ais or itdWais.' Voss indeed says that
' from the color callaïcus the gem callais has its
name:' but the opposite is most agreeable to all
analogical reasoning, and no doubt KaWats existed,
whence KàWáivós.
Calleo, to be hard, from callus. See Callis. Then,
to be hardened in, inured to, versed or skilful ins
Plautus : ' Satin' ea tenes ? Magis calleo quàm
aprugnum callum collet.' Callidus, says Cicero, is,
'cujus tanquam manus opere, sic animus usu con-
calluit.'
Calliope, a Muse. KaWiémi.
Callis, beaten track. From the old callus, hard,
formed from kûáov, wood, or kóWov, whence ko\-
\ivos, as Durus from Aovpv. Some explain callis as
19
CAM
beaten callo, by the hard skin of cattle : and some
derive callus, hard, from M. kSAo, a tumor.
Callum. See Callis.
Câlo, I call. KaKâ.
Câlo, a slave who brought wood for the army.
KâAov, wood, or cala.
Câlôphanta, hypocrite. KaKoipám~ns.
Calpar, earthen vessel. Kd\irn, urn.
Caltha, marigold. From KaWiara, very beautiful;
calta, caltha. Thus av&éyrns for oùTeWrjî, and
some write troPHaeum, bosPHorus.
Calva, a scalp. KaAu<f>à, KaXtpà, a covering. So
KÍ\vii/j.a is used. (2) From calvus. The head with
out the hair.
Calumnia. From calumnus, like Vertumnus, Au-
tumnus ; from caluo or calvo, to deceive, mislead.
Or with Kennedy for calvirnonia, as Sanctimonia.
(2) For calumina from xaKovpiém, i. e. Sixa, calling
into court, arraigning. (3) For columnior from
colurnna : To placard, like o-TijAireiiai. A, as lAvo.
Calvo, to deceive. For caluo, as Volvo, Volutum,
from obs. Ka\úu>, whence fcaAt^rTco ; or KtKáKvtpa,
KaXv(pa>, kíXQw. So k\4tttu is both to conceal and
to cozen. (2) Voss from calvus: ' I deceive like the
bald, who in a combat assail others' hair, but elude
the assault of others. Nonius confines it to the
stage : A calvis mirais, quòd sint omnibus frustratui.'
Calvus, bald. Who has merely the calva. (2)
'A\(phs, white, as tpa\a.Kpbs from <j>a\6s. C : see on
Cura.
Calx, limestone. ' XcíAíf, limestone :' Schneider.
Calx, a pebble. Xá\i{.
Calx, a heel. From callum, the hard skin of the
foot, here especially the heel. Hence, (as in Matrix,
Comix,) callix, calx. (2) Voss : ' From calx, the
end of a course, which, from x&Kiit, a flint-stone : as
consisting of a white line drawn with {calx) mortar
or some kind of chalk.' (3) From KaraKííyoi, kotoX-
Kfátio, KdKkiifyû, JS,. KaWáÇu, Ktí\l-w.
Calx, the end of a course. See in calx, the heel.
Others from the same calx, the heel, i. e. end.
Câlyba, Câlyx. GR.
Cambio, I barter. Rara/id/ks, KayuEÍjSw, Kdfifiio
or ica/x&eíw.
t Camélia, ' a kind of milk-vessel, a caudle-cup.
Some think it so called from camura, fiexa, incurva.
Some think it to be what Pollux calls ffxdpLeWa or
ffKdfuWa:' Fore. Or allied to x^fflia' X^W"! a
cavity ; or x^fai *° contain. See Camillum.
Câmêlus, camel. KájmjXos.
Câmëna, Camsena, Camœna, a Muse. Cano, Ca-
nimatna, says Dòderlein, as Amo, Amœna. Or from
cano amamus: compare Viverra. (2) Soft for Ca-
nêna, much as SéBoiKa for Sc'SoiAa. Or cano, canima,
as Alo, Alima, Alma ; canimêna, as Terrêna, Canti
lena ; then camèna. But the Œ ? (3) Varro says
it was formerly Casmena and Carmena. As Cano
 CAM
from xav&' x^M" might in the same sense have
produced Casmena; or carmen, Carminena, Carmena.
(A) Xo/ioieCvo, as Homer has SmocpriTai xai'atetij'ai,
11. it. 235.
Câmëra, a vault. Ka/idpa.
Camillum, a lady's cabinet, and a cell, partition.
From x^<rMa> XW"i a cavity : allied to tenths, a
ballot-box.
Camillas, a god-minister to the other gods. Varro
says he thinks it a Greek word, as he found it in the
writings of Callimachus. It is applied also to a boy
and to mice : and seems to mean ' humble, small,'
and to be from xafa'> as Humilis from Humus.
Câmïnus, a furnace. Káfuvos.
Cammârus, crab-fish. Kánfiapos.
Campágus, a senatorian buskin. ' From the many
Ka/iiraì, twinings of the latchets wrapping round the
leg crosswise, like network :' Salm.
Campë, a dolphin ; and a caterpillar. Ha/iimi.
Campestre, drawers worn in the Campus Mar-
tius.
Campso, to double a cape. Kd/iirra, <J/<o.
Camptêr, winding of a goal. GR.
Campus. Voss : I embrace Scaliger's opinion that
a plain or level place was called campus from the
riding-course called by the Sicilians Kapirbt, from
Kafiir^i, the act of turning round horses: whence
the pillar round which the chariots turned was
KafJLTTT^p.
Câmurus, crooked, crumpled. Allied to na/idpa,
an arched vault, and Kdfiirra, to bend, Kaixirv\os.
Perhaps for cammurus from KcKa/xpai, as j8e'/3aju/iat,
fiá/1/UL
Camus, bridle, snaffle, cord. Kvfibs, D. Ka/j.6s.
Cânàlis, conduit, &c. Xdvos, an opening, cavity.
As Aqua, Aqualis. (a) From icdva, which like
KÍvva is a reed. Continuous like a reed. Virgil
has ARUNDINEIS canalibus.
Cancellârius, a porter in the emperor's court
ad cancellos, at the grated door. Also a secre
tary, notary, in private rooms having such grated
doors.
Cancelli, lattices, cross-bars. From cancri, as
Libri, Libelli. Thus Stephens calls a little crab
cancelhis. Lattices are so called, says Becman, ' à
discretis cancrorum pedibus.' So Stephens explains
KipicuxéfiaTa of the roots of plants which lay hold of
the ground by their crab-like fibres ' divaricatis et in
latera dispersis.' The sense may however flow from
the opposite notion : i. e. from the claws of crabs
running into one another. So Stephens explains
KapKÍvoi of the two bones which join near the tem
ples like crabs' claws which ' inter se coëunt.' And
Grove explains one of the senses of xapulvos from
' crabs' claws which spread round.' (a) From
myK\ls : as v. v. ffrpAyyu, strlngo. And canclus,
cancellus, as flagRum, flagellum. See Cucullus.
20
CAP
Cancello, I cross out. Above.
Cancer, crab. KapKivos, Kapwos, tcdvKpos or
ndynpos.
Candêla. Candeo, as Suadela.
Candeo, Cando, to glisten. From yavSdto, â, ex
plained \á/Aira by Hesychius ; from ydvos, bright
ness, (a) From canus, white; whence (as Aveo,
Avidus, Avideo, Audeo,) canidus, canideo, candeo.
Candïdâtus, arrayed in (candidis) white garments,
the dress of candidates.
Candïdus, white. Candeo, as Calidus.
Câneo. See Canus. '
Cánêphôros, maid with basket. GR.
Camcse, wheat-bran : as mixed up with (canum)
dogs' meat.
Cânis, a dog. Gen. kvdós.
Cánis, the lowest throw of dice. For it bites as a
dog, says Voss, the person who throws it. In the
words of Euripides, it is xapSías SnKriipios. Called
also Vulturius from Vultur.
Cânistrum. Kanarpoy in Hesychius. YLdvaarpov,
says Voss. Kavnov was in common use.
Canna, Cannabis. GR.
Cano. From X""^' to °Pen tne mouth wide, as
we see in singing. Hesychius has Xdvar àvoì(at
(Trôna, and Xavveiv fioifv. Callimachus uses xa^vf"'
òïÇvpbv of Niobe turned to stone.—Or xa"à '8 gene
rally to speak : for Hesychius explains x"""'/1" "y
etToi/u, and Anacreon interchanges Aeytm (the same
as étire»/) with fôetv, to sing : 0e'\o> \éyçiv 'ArpeíSay,
Oe'Atu Sè KáSfiop áhciv. Thus Virgil has Carmina
dicunt ; Horace, Dicam et Alciden ; and Hesychius
explains BSeiv by áòciv, \4yeiv.
Canon, a rule. Kavdv.
Canôrus. Cano, as Decor Decorus, Sonorus.
Cantábrum, bran. ' Some deduce it from the
Cantabri, who, as a rough unpolished people, may
have used it as food :' Fore.
Cantërînum, coarse barley for canterii, asses.
Cantërii, rafters of a house which extend from
the ridge to the eaves. As, taken on both sides,
they resemble the back of a canterius. The Italian
carpenters call such Cavalli, i. e. Caballi.
Cantêrius, Canthërius, gelding, ass. KarBfaios,
a large sumpter ass. R, as /3aAii>s, vaRius.
Cantërius, stake with two reeds across to prop up
a vine. ' For, as a canterius sustains a weight on its
back, so this the vine :' Voss.
Cantharis, Canthârus, Canthus. GR.
Canto. Cano, cant.um.
Cânus, hoary. As clâdes from K\âSos, and sera
from <pripa, so cânus from yâvos, brightness, or at
least allied to it through ydw, yaíw. (3) Riddle
from Kda, Kaiu, to burn.
Câpax. Capio, as Rapax.
Cápëdo, Câpis, large jug with handles to hold by,
from capio, as Uiedo. Or from its capacity.
 CAP
Caper, goat. And, like ITircus, the smell of the
armpits. Hesychius says : Káirpa- aï£. Tti^rjraí.
That is, the Etrurians said Káirpa for a goat. This
is the Lat. capra.—But it seems not improbable,
that, as Mopifà was transformed to Forma, Zfyayavov
to Qtltryavoi/, Avotpepal to Açvotppaí, Tenebrae ; so
rpiyos was transposed to ydrpos, Moi. ydirpos, as
Taâyos, Pavonis ; aTdSiov, <rUdSiov, sPatium ; IIÍt-
rvpes for TeWapes : whence caprus, as TupvTùs,
Corytus.
Cápëro, to be wrinkled like a goat's forehead.
Caper, (2) Kajrvpbs, parched, hence wrinkled.
Cápesso. Capio, as Facesso. For capisso, as
IToTpifu, Patrisso.
Câpillus, hair. Capitis pihis, capitipilus, capitlus.
Or capitis pilulus. (2) Kd/j.iru\os, k&ttvKos. ?
Capio. Kairâ, fut. of kítttw explained by Hesy
chius aTToSexeo-Sai, to receive, and by the Etymol.
M. xaP^"' to hold or contain. Allied to x<k»> X"CW>
txoàov, &c.
Câpistërium, a vessel in which grains of corn are
cleansed by water. %Ka<pi<rTÍipiov, as 20aAA», Fallo.
P, as *(uvá\7)î, Psenula.
C&pistrum, head-stall for horses. Caput, capitis,
capitistrum. (2) From capio, as Luo, Lustrum.
' Capi was anciently used for Impediri, as Captus
ocuUs ; and Varro, Capiuntur sequi tnatrem :' Fore.
(3) From kohtj, a manger. (4) Hesych. and Suid.
have KOTritTTpiov, believed to be from capistrum.
Capital, Câpïtâlis, Câpïtâtio, Cápïto. From caput,
itis.
Câpïtium, a woman's stomacher. Varro : ' Quod
capit pectus, i. e. ut antiqui dicebant, indutu com-
prehendit.'
Capïto, one with a big caput.
Cápïtôlium, as being the caput, head of the hills
and of the city.
Câpïtum, Câpêtum, fodder. Kairrirbv, which from
kÌttui, a stall.
Capo, Càpus, capon. From kottH fut. of kòtttw, to
cut, or Koirl). A, as Koía, lovo, lAvo ; volvœ, vAlvae:
and much as kvvòs, cAnis. (2) A Gloss in Steph.
dxxvii has k&xwv.
Cappâris, -i, shrub bearing capers. Kdtnrapts.
Câpra, Câprea. See Caper.
Câpreolus, a young roe-buck. From caper, pri.
A tendril of a vine, from its winding like horns :
also a forked instrument for digging. Also cross
pieces of timber, holding fast larger beams : ' Gr.
<rvyKÍnrTtu, i. e. simul incumbentes. As like the
above animals when attacking one another with
opposing heads and horns. Hence called Luctantes
by Isidorus :' Fore.
Câprïficus, a wild fig. 'Called rpiyos by the
Messenians : Suidas from Pausanias :' Voss. As being
a chief food for goats, says Turton.
Caprineus, a contemptuous word coined by Sue-
21
CAR'
tonius against Tiberius for his vices at Caprea.
Others think it an offensive word à capro, the smell
of the armpits. Others read otherwise.
Caprônœ, -ese, forelocks : à capite pronee, says
Nonius. Promts is ' inclined or bending forward,
leaning forward, inclining forward,' (Fore.) : so that
this derivation well expresses the forelocks. (2) Voss
for caperonœ : ' Qubb frontem caperent, corrugent.'
As Annona. But ?
Capsa, a chest. Capio, capsum, to contain. A«
Capso for Capsero, and Faxo. (2) KáiJ/a is found,
but thought by Voss taken from the Latin.
Capsus, a driver's seat ; a cattle pen. Formed like
capsa.
Captiôsus, given to captions», quirks and cavils,
made ad capiendum, for taking unawares, or ad de-
cipiendum which is from capio.
Captïvus, Capto. Capio, captum.
Câpûlâris, just ready to be carried on a bier,
capulus.
Câpûlâtor, an officer who distributed oil as a dole
among the people, from one capula or vessel into
another. Capula, from capio, to contain : and also
Capulo, to tilt out oil.
C&púlo, I hit with a capulus, the handle of a
sword, which from capio, to take by.
Cápûlus, a bier, an urn. From capio, to hold,
receive.
Caput, capitis. From capio, capitum, (whence
Festus derives ancipitis and many derive accipiter,
and which Agito resembles, from Ago, Agitum,) to
contain, as in capax and capulus, a coffin, as con
taining the distinguishing part of man, the brains,
the 4yx4(pa\os. Thus Dr. Johnson defines the head
as ' the part of the animal that contains the brain or
the organ of sensation or thought.' (2) As from
Sréyoi was Tiyu, (Steph. Thes. 9090,) so from
antTTu, to cover, protect, could be k4ttw, fut. 2. Kairû,
whence caput, as from perf. Keite<pa was ke^oAt;.
The covering of the sentient part of man. See
Lennep ad voc. /cei^aA.^.—Or at once from the
present, k«t<u, as rEor, rEtus, rAtus ; sEro, sEtus,
sAtus. (3) Donldn. compares KtWco, cubo, to lay
down the head. And Kiddle Kuj3i|, Ke<pa\i). As
Ktvhs, cAnis.
Cara or Chara, parsnip or carrot. Allied appa
rently to xipov, which Dioscorides states to be, when
cooked, as good to eat as the parsnip.
CARACALLA, a Gaulish cassock or side-coat,
lengthened to the feet by Antoninus, who was there
fore so called.
Carbâsus, Carbâtïna. GR.
Carbo, coal. Becman : ' Wood dry and scorched :
from KÍp<pos. Káp<pu is to make arid.' Thus Dr.
Johnson defines Coal, that is Charcoal, ' the cinder
of SCORCHED wood.' Donnegan says : ' Káp<pu,
to parch or dry up.' And so completely that Hesy-

dims explains KaraKdptyeis by KaratpKcÇeis, koto-
Ktip<pet by í<pavíÇet, KOfxpvyiaQtu by tpdeiptvBau B,
as 4/1*10, amBo.
Career. As properly a prison, for coarcer, from
coarceo, coërceo, as tipicr}} ab tlpyw. Fronto has
' coërceri carcere.' So some derive Cacumen from
Coacumen. (2) Fopyvpa, a subterraneous hole, as
in Herodotus : ív yopyvpy ^Scficro. As Tupvrhs, Co-
rytus ; lAncea from \Oyxv- (3) Kdpxapa in Hesy-
chius, a pen for cattle. And he has xipxapot chains.
(4) As a goal, from calx, calcis, a goal : soft for
calcer. As PaAibs, vaRius. (5) Isaac Voss from
tpKop, epxos. C, as "Ercpoj, Ceterus. A, as niAg-
nus for mEgnus.
Carchêdonius, Carchêsium, Carcinoma, Cardiácus.
GR.
Cardo, hinge. As íx1^0*' transp. 6\xos< Vulgus ;
so xpaoâv, Kapiïûv, cardo, moving to and fro, swing
ing. Virgil : Portam converso cardine TORQUET.
(2) Or from xparay, 'tenens, apprehendens,' (as
Dacier explains the verb on ' Crates,') having power
over, holding (as Mark 9. 27), keeping in its place.
Thus Wright in his Lexicon explains nparéu ' to
have power over, hold.' D, as menTior, menTax,
menDax. (3) Scheid from xalpa, Kcxaprai, like
axaipu. Hesychius : KapSfiol, myiasis. So Etym.
M. : 'AffKapifety, Kivettrdai. And Kapbafiinrttv, tò.
fìKf<papa Ktvtìv. As moving the door. (4) KpdSn,
(KÍpSri,) a hook or machine from which anything is
suspended.
Carduêlis, a bird feeding on the flower of cardui,
thistles, as the goldfinch, some say the linnet. Elis,
as Patruêlis.
Carduus, Cardus, thistle, teazle. From caro, to
card wool, whence caridus, as Frigidus. 'Aptus
carendte lanae :' Becm.
Cârectum. Carex, icis, icetum.
Carênum, Carœnum, wine boiled down a third.
The later Greeks had xdpotyoy, Kapvvov, xapiïyoy.
Stephens says it is thought to be a Latin word. Yet
Keípw, fut. Kapâ, ' to detract from, as KeipaaSat
SóÇav Ttvos,' (Lidd.) may with ólvos have supplied
the word.
Cáreo. From Kâpéa, â, fut. of xelpa. To be dipt
of. (2) From xfyos Mo\. of xvpos, bereaved, á, as
ë in crëpido from «pHiríSo. (3) XaVis, want, is from
X<ta, x"^1"0' whence xaet">> caReo, as novaáwv, mu-
saRum ; diïmo, diRimo.
Careum, the herb caraway. ' From Caria, where
it grows most vigorously: Pliny:' So Forcellini,
who however identifies it with the xdpov ofDiôsco-
rides, though Liddell says : ' Kdpoy, Kipos, cumin,
Lat. careum : Diuscor.'
Cârex, sedge. Voss : ' From caro, ere ; as fit to
teaze or scrape with.' Turton : ' From neipu, to
abrade : from its roughness.' Caro indeed is from
Ktiftt.
22
CAR
Cârïca i. c. ficus, a Carian fig.
Caries, rottenness. From Ktípai, fut. Kapâ, ' gene
rally, to destroy, consume,' Lidd. ' Rottenness in
wood or other things, being worm-eaten : ' Ainsw.
Carina, keel. From xtlpu, K&pà, to cut off, as
Angina, Ruina. (See Careo.) Liddell makes it
equivalent to artipa, 'the stout beam of a ship's
keel, the cut-water.' Grew : ' Her sharp bill serves
for a KEEL to CUT the air before her.' And the
expressions are common, Nauta secat mare, The
vessels cut the liquid way, &c.
Câris, a prawn. Kapis.
Carmen, a card to card wool. Caro, carimen.
Carmen, song, verse. As Novi, Novimen, Nomen,
so cano, canimen, canmen, and for softness carmen,
as Genimen, Genmen, Germen. Gr. -pcroy.
Carnufex, a hangman, carnem faciens, making
living men mere flesh.
Cáro, I card. Voss : ' Doubtless, with Scaliger,
from Kcípw, txapov ; ' fut. Kapâ, caro. Now Card
is explained by Dr. Johnson, as that by which wool
is combed or comminuted or broken by spinning :
senses agreeing with xe'tpa, ' diripio, dissipo,' (Steph.)
àvcutfípa, ' dissipo, lacero ; ' Ktpim, ' numulus mi-
nutus ; ' Kep/xarifa, ' in minuta scindo j ' iucapfais,
' intégré ; ' KÒpaat, ' radere ; ' &c.
Caro, carnis, flesh. As Homo, Hominis, so caro,
carini», carnis, from Kapâ fut. of Ktípt, 'lanio, exedo,'
(Steph.) as in ò rvpavvos vwb rây yvwây KtipíirOw
rb faap, yinrt ìjirap ÍKitpov, eKcipe irokvKfpuv (pòvov,
ò Ìítòs àiroKepây tì> ^irop. Eustathius explains
Ktipeiy, àirA^<rrtoj iaBUiy, depasci, to devour. Thus
in the Scriptures : ' That ye may eat the flesh of
kings,' ' The birds shall eat thy flesh from off
thee ; ' &c. Caro then is flesh eaten greedily. Or
it is properly, dilaniata, dissecta. (2) From «péos,
but?
Carôta, a carrot. Allied to cara above.
Carpentârius, a maker (carpentorum) of waggons,
a carpenter.
Carpentum. ' For carmenlum, from Carmenta,
Evander's mother : an open and suspended carriage
for the use of the ladies. Ovid : Nam priùs Auso-
nias matres carpenta vehebant: Haec quoque ab
Evandri dicta parente reor: ' Dumesn. M and P,
as Sttitoto was said for vfi/iara, and we similarly say
Polly, Peggy. So Riddle derives corPus from
KopMós. And much as hyMernus, hyBernus. (S)
Isidorus : Quo carpimus iter. ? (3) Becman à
carro pendente. ?
Carpisculus, a shoe or slipper. Dor. Kpâ*ìs, tr.
Kapnls, a slipper. So from erpatpoy is rdptpos. See
Cartilâgo.
Carpo, I pluck, gather. Properly, to pluck fruit,
from Kapwia, £>, ' midd. to reap the fruits of,' Lidd. :
' to gather fruits or crops,' Donnegan. (2) James
Bailey from àpirâ, àprdÇai : See on Cura. ' KopiráAi

jitos, from àptráÇw : compare carpo : ' Lidd. (3)
Riddle : 4 From Keípœ, Kap<pa>.' Say Kçípw, Kapw, .
Kapirrw, a. 2. ^Kapnoy, fat. 2. KapvSù.
Carptor, a carver. Seneca : ' carpere artus in
frusta.'
Carpus, the wrist. Kapwós.
Carrâgo, a hasty fortification ex carris, of
waggons. As Plumbago.
Carrûca, a kind of carrus. As Lactûca.
Carrus, a wain with four wheels. Quadrus,
whence Quadrigae. Hence quarrus, carrus. So
Quarry is formed. (2) Kaprepbs, strong : icdjifios.
(3) A Gloss in Steph. Lex. has tcdfyov, which is
read in 3 Esdr. 5. 55.
Cartïlâgo. As Tussilâgo, from nipros, icpdros,
whence xparepós, firm. (2) For carNilago, from
carnis. See caTamîtus.
Cârus, Chârus. Of high price, from x<V>0S> &0^- °f
XÍpos, bereft, bare; hence scanty, rare, precious.—Or
from xpe'°s» XP^tos> XP^'0S» XP$0St transposed x?Pos>
as on the contrary, xdpires, xpáiVer, XP9Tes becomes
Grates. In want ; passively, in request. Or even from
a word x»n?pos fro™ X^T0S> want.—But rather from
»c5p, ici/p, the heart. ' Quod cordi est,' esteemed,
dear. Then dear in price ; what is estimated fetch
ing a high price. And indeed Dr. Johnson has
made the sense of Beloved in the word Dear to
precede that of Costly. The aspirate in charus is
thus neglected, but Forcellini states that it is more
correctly written cams in the ancient manner. And,
with this assertion before me, I prefer this deriva
tion from nap.—Others refer it to xeípa, icâpâ, to
clip, cut short ; or to X"P'*> elegance ; or to careo ;
-but the quantity is an impediment. Yet Donldn.
compares cams with careo : ' dear, expensive,
because you want it. ' Say for carerus, as
€(T7repos.
Caryatides, Câryôta. GR.
Casa, a thatched house, of turf, straw, leaves, &c.
Dumesnil says : ' From Kaaaia, to stitch together.'
Casua, casa. As Pariens, Parens. And we say Vit-
tals for Victuals. (2) As ycurr^p is referred by the
Etymol. M. to the old yda to contain, receive, or
hold, pf. pass, ycyturrai, or yéyaaaai : allied to
X<la, X^C"t Matthiae 254 : so casa. (3) Káxpa,
cista, theca : capsa, cassa.
Cascus, out of date, stale. Cado, casum, casicus,
(as Medicus, Tetricus,) fallen away, fallen to pieces.
(2) From x<£<nca>, to have gaps, i. e. from age. As
Fuscus from (piiffKw. (3) Cossus, cassicus, as Teter,
Tetricus.
Câseus, cheese. Varro for coasseus soft for
coaxeus, from codgo, coaxi : ' à coacto lacte.' Virgil
has, 'PREMERETUR caseus.' O omitted, as
cOacumen, cacumen ; and as A in coAxa, coxa.
Câsia, aromatic shrub. Katrta.
Cassis, helmet. ' As being'cassa i. e. empty and
23
CAT
fit for receiving the head:' Facciol. See on Vagina.
(2) Voss for carassis from xdpa. Somewhat, I
suppose, like Vicissim, and Calasso. (3) Isidorus
says the proper form was capsis. From capio, cap-
sum.
Cassis, a hunter's net. ' As having cassas, i. e.
vacuas maculas, hollow meshes : ' Bailey. (2) From
X^CW> Kexcurffcu, to hold ; or %do), whence x^tr/xo, to
be hollow. As yayydjii) from yda, (x<ia>,) whence
yaffriip.
Cassîta, a lark : its tuft resembling a cassis, helmet.
So Galerita.
Cassus, void, empty. Careo, carsum, cassum, as
Areo, Assus ; Jubeo, Jussus. (2) For guassus. But
this does not well agree with the sense of ' empty.'
Castânea, chesnut tree. Kdaravov.
Castëria, a place for keeping the tackling of a
ship. Voss : ' From <rxaorijp/a from trxdfa, dimitto,
intermitto.' As ScpaAXco, Fallo. (2) Turnebus from
ycKTTTjpío, venter navis. Or say xaaTrIP^a from
xdfy, KÍxaffTaíì t° hold.
Castïgo, chastise. Karao-rifca, perf. KaritTTiya,
K&ffrlya, Kaariyda, û : To puncture, brand. (2)
' From kcuttos, a stick, in Hesych. : ' Becm. But
in Hesychius it is xdarov l,ÍKov. (3) Castum ago;
Ridd. But this would be castïgo as Mitïgo. (4)
From (te<rrcis,'pierced with a needle, whence <f/ce<TTos,
' 8timulum non expertus,' Steph. As "Ewos, Annus.
Castor, a beaver. Kdarap.
Castra. From Kaorpw for KaTaa-rpiu, to strew
or spread on the ground. So (rrparbs is from obs.
trrpda, slrao, stravi, arpia : Properly, says Don-
negan, a camp. Others from casa, whence casitra,
castra. A collection of cottages. Indeed we find
castmm in the singular, explained by Riddle ' a large
hut ; then, in military science, a fort, redoubt,
entrenchment; hence a strong hold, fortress:
plural, several entrenchments or redoubts, lying in a
quadrangular form : hence a camp.' Others derive
castmm, a fortress surrounded with thick walls,
from caveo, cavsum, cavstmm, castmm, as Moueo,
Monsum, Monstrum : ' Quo quisque sibi cavet.'
Or from x^&i K*xa<rTa' > ' Qu0 quisque se reeipit
prsesidii causâ.'
Castro, castrate. Isidorus from castum reddo.
(2) Better from arepâ, to deprive : whence a word
KaraffTepû, KaraffTpíò, Ka<np£>.
Castrum. See Castra.
Castus, chaste. From careo, castum, as Moereo,
Mœstum ; Queror, Questum. Careo is to abstain,
forbear. (2) Xdfa, Ktxaarcu, to retire. Xaorol,
of ài/aicexwpjjKoVcï, says Is. Voss. (3) From
kckoo-toi: to be adorned or distinguished (by
virtue).
Casus, what befals us. Cado, casum. A case;
one termination falling into another.
Câtâclista, a garment shut up except on high
 CAT
days : others make it a close garment. Koto»
K\eitrr6s.
Câtâlogus, enumeration. GR.
Câtâmîtus. From a word nardfítaBos, puer roeri-
torius. (2) By a great change, from tavv/iiiSris.
T for M : see CarTilago.
Câtìiphracta, Câtâplus, Catapulta, Càtaracta,
Câtascôpus. GR.
Câtasta, a cage where slaves were sold : a machine
where criminals were placed for torture. Karam-ai,
to place.
Câtastus, a slave sold from the catasta.
Câtax, crippled. Kar^o?, Kard^a, to break.
Câtêchêsis, &c. GR.
CATEIA, javelin. JEn. 7. 741 'Teutonico ritu'
point to a Teutonic origin. Wacliter refers it to the
Belgic katten, the same as the Swedish casta and
our cast. Korifoi, KaSir/fii, to let fall, might other
wise be mentioned.
Catella. Catena, catenula.
Catena, chain. From KaraSéin, KaSéa, to bind,
whence (as 'Autjit), Eiprwi, Habena,) KaSfyy or
cadena, catena, as AaiSa, Taeda. (2) From catttlus,
an iron collar, whence catulena, catena. (3)
Riddle from capio. Say capitum, capitena. (4)
For canitëna, a dog-chain. (5) From (eîj) xaff
tVo. A chain consisting of links one after the
other. (6) Scheid from KaB4w, xaSiniu : ' Demissa,
dependens.' Like icdSe/m, and in Pollux (cáí%ia.
Càterva, battalion. Soft for quaterva from quater,
whence quaternus. A square. So Squadron is
from Quadra.
Cathedra, Câtholïcus. GR.
Càtillo, I lick dishes as a catiUus, whelp. (2)
I lick catillos, dishes.
Câtillus, a whelp, little catulus. A little (catinus)
dish.
Câtïnum, a large dish. Scaliger: The Sicilian
KÁTIVOV Or KÁTO.VOV.
Catlaster, a grown boy. Properly, a grown
catulus, cub : as Oleaster, Poetaster.
Catomidio, I strike tear Hjiuv, on the shoulders.
Some read catamidio KœrafieiSiû, I laugh at.
Câtônium, the shades below. Kdrw, down.
CATTA. Some understand by it a boat, called
in the North of England a cat. Some the animal
the cat. Some a bird. 1!
Catulus, young of animals, whelp, puppy, &c.
Riddle : ' Diminutive of casus : A young cat. Or
for caniculus, a young dog.' But this last would be
carmlus. Rather for canitulus. But catulus seems
to come from yâròs, formed from yda, yéyaa : an
offspring, like yóvos and iicyovos.
Câtûlus, iron collar for slaves. Dacier : ' At first
(catuli) a dog's collar. As (ricíKaÇ is a puppy, and
an iron chain.'
Catumeum, a sacrificial cake. ' Probably a cake
24
CAU
of flesh cut from the neck of an animal. For some
Glosses explain catomum a neck, kot' £>h<h>>. Indeed
many of the cakes mentioned in the passage of
Arnobius are taken from various limbs of animals :'
Fore.
Catus, cunning. Caveo, cavitum, catum. Hence
also catus, a cat.
Cauda, a tail. Caveo, cavida, cauda, as Aveo,
Avida; and aVIceps, aUceps. By which animals
protect themselves from their petty annoyers.
Hence Pliny of elephants : ' Ne in cauda quidem
praesidium abigendo tsedio muscarum.' (2) Dr.
Turton from cado : ' Because it falls down behind.'
Cadua, cauda, like Mutua.
Caudex, Codex. ' Caudiceo lembo ' in Ausonius
is ' made of the hollow trunk of a tree,' and caudi-
cœ or caudiceœ and caudicarice, are ' boats made of
the hollow trunks of trees or of thick hollow
planks, to carry provisions along the Tiber : ' Fore.
Caudex then meant properly a hollowed trunk, from
cavatus, cautus, (as Lavatus, Lautus, Lotus,) whence
cautex and caudex. EX, as in Podex, Podicis from
Pedo ; and D, as menTax, menDax, and in Spanish
toDos from toTus, ciuDad from civiTatis. Codex
also was said of planks rudely put together, and
then of tablets, parchments, &c.
Câvea, any hollow place, from cavus ; like Trabea.
A theatre or amphitheatre, ' quòd interior pars con-
cava esset, capaci profunditate : ' Forcell.
Câveo. Xdfa, to recoil, retire, was from obs. x^"'
whence also xa*a< Xa^*a>' ca ^eo< as Mv, aVeoj <j>aéa>,
faVeo ; vta, uVeo ; iroía, irafœ, paVio. (2) Fanci
fully supposed by some to refer to primitive times
when men retired into {caveas) caves and dens to avoid
attack. Judg. 6. 2. 1 Sam. 13.6. Heb. 11. 38.
Câverna. Cava, as Laterna.
Cávillor. Caveo, as Sorbeo, Sorbillo. Caveo
mihi, I shirk, evade, shuffle. (2) I ask (cavas)
hollow, empty questions.
Caula, fold, pen. Servius says from av\d. See
James Bailey cited on Cura. (2) But Festus from
cavus, whence cavula, or cavea, caveola, as formerly
sheep were shut up in caves or holes. ' Lucretius
favors this opinion, who uses caula more than
once for a hollow place : ' Forcell. (3) Bccman, as
made ' è viminibus seu caulibut.' ?
Caulis, stalk, stem. KavAós.
Caunsc, figs of Caunos in Caria.
Câvo. See Cavus.
Caupo, inn-keeper, vintner, huckster. Doubtless
allied to xdmiKos, of the same meaning. Liddell
allies caupo and xdirriAos to xdirrai and xdirri.
Lennep says : ' Kdirr) was properly a manger from
which animals eat : then a place where animals feed,
and then where eatables stand for sale.' And Hesy-
chius explains KdnnKos * ò irpbs tV ndiHiv irnrpac-
Kt»v.' U, as in Fraudis, Claudus, which see.
 CAU
Caurus. Schleusner : ' X&pas, the north-west :
from xupwy explained Spufr by Suidas. In Latin
caurus.' Usually AU changes to 0, as plAUdo,
explOdo ; si-AUdes, sOdes ; not the reverse : see
however on Lauras, Aurichalcum, Auriga. (a)
Cellarius thinks the caurus and the x<*>P°s different
winds, and derives caurus from the verb caurio,
formed from the scream of the panther. (3) From
itavpos, explained KaKbs by Photius from Sophocles.
Seneca calls the Caurus ' violent and rapacious.'
Causa, Caussa. Caveo, cavsum, causum, as Cavi-
tum, Cautum, Cautus. A pretext, excuse, ' quâ quis
cavet sibi.' Properly a participle : a plea or cause
alleged. This sense appears in Causor, Recuso.—For
cavissa, Schw. So Mantissa. (2) As na5<r«,
Pausa ; so causa from icav<ris, as inflaming or stimu
lating to action. An INCENTIVE.
Causia, broad-brimmed hat, &c. Kou<rio.
Causor, I plead causas, excuses.
Caustïcus, Cauter, &c. GR.
Cautes. From cavatus, cautus, as aVIceps,
aUceps. As hollowed out by the waves. Horace
has Cavis saxis. Dumesnil defines cautes ' a ragged
rock, crag, or cliff.' (2) From caveo, cautum. A
dangerous rock to be guarded against by sailors.
Caesar : Naves saxa et cautes timebant. (3) Cauda,
caudes ; Ridd. Like Dorsum immane mari.
Cautus. Caveo, cavitum, cautum. Qui sibi cavet.
Câvus. From x^Fos, a chasm. (2) 2xa<pa, cava.
Ce, as in Hic-ce. Kp : Ke : or ye.
Cêdo, from xi8<3 formed from «€x»>8a perf. of
X&(a ! or from Kr)Sw from Ke'fC7)5a pf. of Ka(a, whence
KeKiiSovTo. To give way, retire : yield, give up.
Cëdo, give, show, forgive. For cedito, imperative
of cêdo, to give up. Thus Faxero, Faxo ; Modus,
Mos, &c. The pi. cedite, and cette i. e. cedte, are
also used. E is short for rapidity, as we have dïcax,
nota, quâsi, sâgax, dúcem, putâ, &c.
Cëdras, cedar. KéSpos.
Cëlëbro, through celeber, Celebris, (which re-
Bembles Funebris, Saluber, Salubris,) from kí\Kw,
Ki\S>, to drive or summon together, like Concio from
Cio. Celeber is populous, numerous, and celebro is
to attend in great numbers. (2) Others from K\éos,
KeKos ; or K\eito, jteAfw. ?
Celer, swift. From k4m.u, ke\<5, to urge, whence
K€A.i)s, JE. Ke\rip, celer, a race-horse. See on Acer.
Cëles, race-horse, &c. KeAjjs.
Cella, store for wine, oil, &c. Virgil uses it of
bees : ' Distendunt nectare cellas :' which gives
much weight to the opinion of Riddle : ' For cerula
from cera, as Puerula, Puella. A cell in a honey
comb.' So Sella from Sedes, Sedula. (2) As Pateo,
Patera ; so celo, cetera, cella, as 5<rTS, osSa. (3)
From xv^bs, a chest ; celula, cella. As SeKojucu and
SiXojtiai were both used, and as lanCea from \6yX-r\.
(A) KoíAct: cœlula.
25
CER
Cello, drive. KéWa, òkíWw, to move on, drive
forwards, whence procella, antecello, excello, excel
lent.
Cêlo, I hide. From xi^s, a chest, whence a
word x1)^"' û, to hide in a chest, as Arcanus from
Area. (2) KKtiu, to shut ; transp. «eÍAco, (as irAeú-
fiœv, veíKfiav, Pulmo,) and celo, as AEIoî, lEvis.
Cëlox, fly-boat. From /cfAijs.
Celsus, high. Cello. Driven upwards. So Eoccelsus.
Cenchris, some snake. Ktyxpls.
Censeo, is to count, reckon, compute, assess
according to estimate ; from kcVitoi, to prick. Thus
Forcellini explains Dispungo, ' suppute, numero, i. e.
punctis note.' Haigh says : Censeo might at first
mean to vote by a point or mark, and thereby show
one's opinion. (2) From yeVcim, ytvais. To count
back one's descent or family.
Censor, who censet, assesses the people.
Census, a valuation. Censeo.
Centaurêum, centaury. Kevravpeiov.
Centimâlis fistula, a surgical instrument. ' From
KÍvrnua. Apta ad TtapaKÍvrqaiv :' Fore.
Cento, a patched garment, a scrap-composition.
From Kfvrpuv, as flagRellum, flagRito into flagel-
lum, flagito. (2) From kívtw.
Centrum, middle point, &c. Kivrpov.
Centum, 100. As irecpop^Aro was put for ir«f>6-
/87)Nto, Í7riTET€\e/cfiA for -/ceiN, conversely (Karbu
became êKvrhy, and kcvtov, as ïer/£to, Scio ; i. e.
centum. Or thus: ÌKaTÒv, nearby, Kerbv, then
ceNtum, as Siavs, deNsus. (2) Haigh : From kcvtû,
to prick : because they probably made a point at
every hundred.
Centûria, Centurio. From centum.
Centussis. Centum asses.
Cêra, wax. K-qpós.
Cerastes, Cërâsus, Cëraules, Cëraunus, Cëraunia
gemma, Cercopïthëcus, Cercops, Cercûrus. GR.
Cerdo, who makes KtpSos, gain in any low way.
Cerebrum, brain. I. e. kerebrum for karabrum,
(as Candelabrum, and see Crabro,) from K&pa. Per
taining to the head. E, as TrA<r<ra\os, pEssulus.—
There are approaches in the sense of Ktpas to 'head'
through that of ' eminence,' but not strong enough
to advance. (Steph. 4869. 1. 6.) However Voss
says : ' From icipas i. e. KetpaX^\, caput, Hesych.' And
this seems conclusive.
Cëres. From cereo, an old form of creo, q. v.
As creating the fruits of the earth. (2) For gueres,
from queror: as going from place to place bewailing
the loss of her daughter. (3) From Tripvs in He-
sychius, one of her names.
Cëreus, wax-taper. Cera.
Cêrintha, honey-suckle. K.r\plv9t\.
Cerno, distinguish, judge between, decide, decide
by fighting, contend ; distinguish objects, see, &c.
Kplvai, KÍpvíe. E, as"iKKor, Equus ; tôlp, puEr.
D
 CER
v Cernuus. From cerno, as Pasco, Pascuus. With
the face bent downwards so as to look on the ground.
For ' cernuus terra;,' like Silicernium, from Silices
cerno.
Cêrôma, wax-oil. Kfiptefia.
Cerritns, frenzical. Cereritus, struck by Ceres.
(2) From xepas, the head. See Cerebrum.
Cerrus, the holm-tree with masts like chesnuts
all prickly about the top of the acorn. From
xfyfros, ' asper,' Steph. So Hesychius explains
Xtp<ros by ípnp-os yrj Kal TPAXEIA. Forcell. iden
tifies cerrus with Gr. ò£úi). C, as SéKo/iai and
ScXofiat.
Certo. Cerno, cemitum, cernito, certo, to decide
the issue, to contend. ' Decernere ferro.'
Certus. Cerno, cemitum, certum. Determined,
fixed, established, certain. KtKpip.tvov oipov is cer
tum II. {. 19. See on Discrimen.
Cërûchi, ropes, &c. KepoDxoi-
Cervical, a pillow. Cervix.
CERVISIA, or Cerevisia, ale. A Gallic word, as
most suppose. (2) Yet some ingeniously suggest
Cereris vis, the essence of corn, for Cerevisia. And,
though not analogical, yet it might have been the
fanciful creation of some individual.
Cervix, neck. From Ktpas, 'any projection or
elevation, e. g. a mountain peak.' Lidd. Hence the
elevation of the neck above the body, as conversely
\6<pos, the back of the neck, is also a ridge, the brow
of a hill ; and Sapy, the neck, is also the ridge of a
hill. From xtpas is cerix, as Comix, Matrix, Apex;
and cerVix, as xépus, cerVus ; SAo, sylVa. (2) As
Cado, Cadivus, so gero, gerivus, (as in Intergerivus,)
gervus, whence gervix,iox softness cervix, as Tapmbs,
Corytus. Forcellini explains cervix as that in which
are the joints and nerves sustaining the body and
moving it. (3) For cervix, xipvs, xópv( : Ridd.
CëruS8a, white-lead. Knpiovffa, unpovoa, perni
cious. (2) Voss from Kvpovaaa, as being like
wax. ?
Cervus, stag. Kepabs, KfpaFbs, ceravus, cervus.
Homer : (Aacpov xepaiv. Or from KtpFus.
Cervus, forked stake or beam : resembling the
horns cervorum, of stags.
Cesso, give over, am slow. Cedo, cessum.
Cestus, Cêtê. Kcarbs, K^ttj.
Cêtërùm, but : like iwd, from
Cëtërus, Caetërus, other: from xai trepos, as
X^Tepas Soph. Trach. 444. i. e. xa'TfVaî' which
would account for the M and the long E. But For
cellini states the reading cEterus to be entirely
preferable ; from éVepos, the C taking the place of
the Aspirate, as otherwise S. See Com.
CETRA. Voss: 'It might seem to be put for
Kfirpa from KtiQu, to hide : but it is plainly a
Moorish word.'
Ceu, like as. As 'Airb, 'Air', Ab, A ; so koI tfa-t,
26
CIC
(' and as,'.) or xt ire, kívt', K€v, ceu. (2) Voree-ve,
as Neve, Neu. And ce is XV' c- V' ' an<^ as-'
Thus pe is xp.
Cëveo, to wag the tail as a dog. Cieo, cievi, cieveo,
as Gr. aalrw from <rda, attai. With cievi compare
Anxi, Anxius ; Vexi, Vexillum ; Coivi or Civi, Civis.
E, as pari Ens, parEns. (2) From a form k4w, kAo>,
KtUta, allied to Kt\\a>, and kÍù>, cio, cieo, klvcw.
Chalcïdïcum, ' a building or part of a building, or
rather a spacious portico, hall, court. Ab urbe
Chalcide, as Festus tells us :' Fore.
Cha—, Che—, Chi—, Chi—, Cho—, Chr—.
Words thus beginning are mere Greek. But
Chordus, late-born. Varro says : ' Agni chordi
are such as are born after the time, and have re
mained behind in the last of the volvae : they call it
xopiov (the membrane that incloses the fetus) :
whence they are called chordi.' As belonging then
to that membrane. Xopiov, chorium, choridus, chor
dus, as Caleo, Calidus, Caldus. Foenum chordum is
the latter-math : hence probably Becm. refers chor
dus to x<Wos, grass, but ?
Chore. See Cohors.
Cïbòrium, large cup. Kifiápioy.
Cïbus, food. Judging from kíPhtis, a bag, pouch,
I suppose xífìiats and cibtts to have flowed from nia,
to go; cïbus meaning provisions for a journey, like
Viatica, and ijïa from ?«, efyii, to go. So 4<p6Siov is
explained by Brasse rpo<p)i, trtros. (2) Kdrrrtu, to
devour : Riddle. A. 2. Ka&â : I, as o-rpAyya,
strlngo.
Cicada, balm-cricket, explained tctt<{ by Hesy
chius, who also explains kíkos by vtos tctti{. Hence,
or with Ainsw. from Kixàs, acc. kikoScl, is cicada,
though the A is long. (2) Allied to kokkvÇu,
kókkvÇ : Ridd.
Cicatrix, a scar : properly, from a burn, as from
Kavr^ip, icavTwplfa, £«, KaurpiÇû, redupl. KLKavrpi^to.
See Cicindela.
Ciccus, Cicus, anything very trivial. Gr. kIkkos,
' the paring of fruit ; met. a worthless thing : '
Donnegan.
Cïcer, a chick-pea, defined by Dr. Johnson 'a
kind of degenerate pea.' Hence from cicus, a
worthless thing. See Ciccus. (2) Ki'xopo : Riddle.
Kixtipn is in Theophrastus, but seems a different
plant.
Cïchôrëum, succory, Kixàptiov.
Cïcindêla, glow-worm. As candeo, candêla, so
redupl. cicindeo, cicindela ; and as Titillo from
TÍWa : and Cicatrix, Cucurbita. I, as contAngo,
contlngo; comAnus, comlnns. (2) Becm. from
kU, a worm, and candeo.
tCïcônia, a stork, Sec. From the Cicdnes, a people
of Thrace, who are said to have held it in great
veneration. ?
Cïcur, tame. Uiirav, mild, M. KtKuv, as rit/xlle ,
 CIC
M. Ke'/tKe, Quinque ; then KfKap, as ojkÍÍIN, ociOR.
I, as in liber ; Û, as in fUris. (2) Curo, cicûro,
(used by Nigidius,) as CIcindëla. (3) Ti8i>r, tamed;
titìj, M. xixbp, as TÉTTapo, Quater ; arboS, arboR.
(4) Kíkkos, KÍKKop : Ridd.
Cïcûta, the hemlock plant. From kìkvs, strength :
like Arsenic from àpo-eytxbs, strong : From its viru
lent poison. So Virus perhaps from Vires. The ï,
as tïmor, ïta, përior, crëpido, ôdium, dïcax. (2J
KuKaai, to mix. I, as frlgo.
Cieo, I move. See cio.
Cïlïcium, a close cloth, as best woven from the
long and shaggy hair of the Cilician goats.
Cïlium, the utmost edge of the eyelid by the eye
lashes. From xe'Aos> an edge. (2) From kÍWw,
to move: From the constant motion of this part.
I, as &\Aos, alius ; ^óAAov, folium. (3) KuAir,
KvAor: Ridd. .
Cillus, an ass. KÍAAos.
Cïmex, a bug, worm in trees or herbs. From
trxtcnhs, <rx'PH-bst a splitting, as nedfa is not only
to split, but 'to rub to pieces,' Lidd. Martial:
TRITUS cimice lectus. Through a word o-KÍtr/wif,
the divider: as in p6p.$rii. 2, as 2*<íAAi», Fallo.
M, as 'peTMbs, rêMus. (a) Scheide refers it to icla,
seco : rather Ktite, to cleave, Odyss. 14. 425.
Cïnaedus, Cïnâra. GR.
Cincinnus, a curled lock, KÍKtyyos. N, as laN-
terna.
Cingo, I gird. Circumago, cut down to cimgo,
cingo, as Inferissimus to Imus. (2) Cojungo, coiungo :
Ridd. (3) As "Opfìpos, Imbris; kOvis, clnis, so
zonâ ago, zongo, zingo. ?
Cïnïfes, Scjnïphes, gnats. Kvíires and aicAirts.
See slbi.
Cïnïflo, qui cineresflat, sc. for frizzling the hair.
Cïnis, ashes. Kòvis.
Cinnàmômon, Cinnâmum. GR.
Cinnus, hodge-podge. Kipva, to mix: cirnus,
cinnus. As our suBtle is pronounced suTtle. (2)
KvKaa, to mix : cicanus, cicntis, chinus : Ridd.
Cio, I move. From kIw, to go, used actively ' to
make to go,' are cio, cieo.
CIPPUS, a sharp stake. ' Galli cippos appella-
bant,' says Csesar. Allied to /coirj) and our Chip.
Cippus, a gravestone or pillar. Donaldson allies
it to Kí(pa\ov. Head-stone. Nearer through KcpAa,
KtPfia, the head ; or xv$a, (kv0$u,) Steph. dxli.
P, as CanoPus. (2) But better from KÓirroì, for
Forcellini adds that the cippus had the name and
title of the deceased engraved on it. Kófifia was
used of the impressions on coins, and kottcvs of a
tool for cutting marble. Now STUlara was used
for óMMoTo : and "O/ifSpos became Imbris ; Olle
Hie.
Circa, allied to KÍpKos. Perhaps with Scheide
from an obs. subst. circa, as itripOX, cerA.
27
CLA
Circensis, relating to the Circus.
Circes, a hoop. KipKos.
Circïnus, compasses, with which circi, circles are
described.
Circïter, like Circa.
Circîtis olea, oblong olive. Kep/cls is 'radius,'
which is another name of it.
Circïtor, wutchman. Circuitor, as Januitor,
Janitor.
Circius or Cercius ventus. ' If from the Latin,
then from circus, from its whirling or rolling nature.
Iffrom the Celtic, then from Brit, cyrch, impetuosity,
violence : ' Ainsw. Or from KÍpxos, a hawk, which
flies in wheels or circles.
Circulator, mountebank, as getting circulos,
crowds about him ; or because circulai, he roams
about.
Circûlus, Circum, Circus. From KÍpxos. Mark
3. 34 : nepipAtipátievos KTKAsìi toíis irepl ainóv,
explains well circùm.
Cïris, a kind of lark. From xelpa, to shear. See
the Fable in Ovid, who says : à TONSO est hoc
nomen adepta capillo.
Cirnea, a can. From Kipváw, to mix, as xpariip
from Kepdw.
Cirrus, lock or curl of hair, tuft, fringe. From
KÍpj>os= o-níppos, a hard knotty tumor : hence a knot
of hair. (2) From KÓjípos M. of KÒpiros. As "Opfìpos,
Imbris.
Cis, on this side. KcV, eousque, up to that
point. (2) Keíeu, «eícrai, to sever. (3) For his. ?
Cïsium, 'a light vehicle with two wheels, con
structed chiefly with a view to fast travelling : '
Riddle. So Dumesnil : ' Used for speed.' From
kíw, k'io~o>, to go.
Cîsôrium, edge of a weapon. Ccesum, cisum, as
occisum.
Cista, Cisterna, chest ; cistern. KÍ0T7;.
Citer, on this side. Sub, Subter ; cis, cister, citer.
Cïthâra, a harp. KiSdpa.
Cítò, Cïto, -as. Cio, citum.
CITRUS, citron-tree. ' Received from the Afri
cans, not the Greeks. Athenœus says that Juba was
the first Grecian who used xlrpiov •' Voss.
Cïtus, moved, quick. Cio, citum. As Adïtus, ûs.
Cïvïlis, becoming a civis.
CIvis, citizen. As Anxius from Anxi, Vexillum
from Vexi, so civis or coïvis from coëo, cotvi. Isido-
rus: Cives vocati quòd in unum coéuntes vivant.
Virgil : Aspice qui coëant populi. (2) From cio,
civi. As called together into one body. Convo-
catus.
Cïvïtas, an assemblance civium.
Clâdes, overthrow. As Calamitas from xdAa/ios,
so clâdes from kKìSos : as said of the breaking of
branches by a hurricane. Or from KKaSdto, £>, to cut
off young shoots. Or, as A is long, from KKcurrbsj
 CLA
(broken,) kAottòs, as 'pprpAs, 'pep.fi.bs, rêmus, D,
as $aTbv, vaDum : menTior, menTax, menDax.
Clam. For kA^u/ì' i. e. Kara KXipfia, by stealth.
As tpKEy/ut, <t>KEn/M, SAmma. (a) If, according to
Festus, it was first calim, then from iciKvp.ua from
KaAiiirrw, in the sense of K\4p.p.a. (3) Ce/o : Ridd.
Clâmo. Dumesnil : ' Clamare i. e. calamare from
calamus. Properly, to imitate the noise of reeds
agitated by the winds.'—But clamo is rather from
x\avp.a, a weeping ; or from K\âpa jEolic of KAfj/aa,
whence ivcbcXtyio, a calling out loudly to.—If clamor
was formed first, and then clamo followed, (as Báre-
pos followed from the plur. neut. ra 'drtpa, BcWtpa,)
it might have flowed from a word KÁayubs, (like
Kpaypùs,) M. tcXaryphp, clammor, clamor. See on
Sudor.
Clanculum : for clamculum.
Clandestînus : for clamdestinus. So Intestïnus :
D,like Indigeo.
Clango, sound as a trumpet. KXáfa, K\áyyw
whence K\íy(a.
Clârîgo, I demand compensation, pœnas ago clarè,
as Litigo. Pliny explains it ' res raptas clarè repeto.'
Clarus, sheeny, bright. From the obs. yxâvpbs,
like y\avicbs, azure. See on Gloria, and on Glacies.
—Or from obs. y\da, yhaepbs, y\ap6s. (a) Calo,
calants : Schw. Clear.
Classïcum, trumpet. As being used to call the
classes of the Roman people to an assembly.—Quin-
tilian from calassis à calando from Ka\4a, û. See
Classis.
Classicus, of the first classis.
Classis, any class or order, from K\dw, KinKaarcu.
A fraction, (a) From K\rj<ns, /cASo-ii, kAÍWis, a
convocation of citizens, soldiers or sailors. Some
derive it in this sense (as well as Classicum) from
calo, are, to summon, (caAtS ; whence calassis, from
the form of Levâsso, or like narpiZw, patriSSo.
CISthra, -i, balusters. KK^ipa,
Clâva, a club, cudgel, ' a bough cut off from a
tree : ' Fore. KXdSos, a bough ; cladua, as Ambigua,
Mutua, and cladva, clâva, as 'prrphs, rêmus : or
cladiva, clava, as Cadîva. KAaSbs, ii, by might have
existed indeed at first as an adjective, ' broken off,'
and from K\aSà could be cladVa, as SAa,sylVa:
then clava. (a) KoAáWtu, to beat, KtKÓKeupa, whence
KoAcup}}, Ko\a<pà, K\ao(pd. (3) From claws: Ridd.
Claudo, I shut. James Bailey : ' From xKeiu, Ion.
k\t)Í<u, JE. K\dFa, K\ava>, and clauDo for euphony.'
As in luDo.—Or thus: K\iftfa, fut. n\7jï8£, Kkaïtiâ,
K\aFiSâ, clavido, claudo, as aVIceps, aUceps.
Claudus, lame. As Fraus, Fraiidis, from <ppaS^s,
so claudus from n\aSbs, viewed primarily as an ad
jective, ' broken, mutilated,' from kAooi, to break,
whence are also K\aSapbs, broken, and K\a^bs,
mutilated, (a) From a word cla Veo, formed from
K\áu> ; whence clavidus, claudus. (3) Aiusw. from
CLU
clausus pedibus, i. e. iinpcditus. Claudus, clausidus,
as Vivus, Vividus.
Clâvis, key. KXrjïs, M. K\ats, cla Vis, as íïs, o Vis.
Claustrum, bolt. Claudo, sum.
Clausula, finishing clause. Claudo, sum.
Clâvus, nail, plug, peg : ' the handle of a helm, in
the form of a nail, hence the helm itself : ' Riddle.
We find in Cato ' clavis corneis occludere.' Well
then says Ainsworth : ' Clarus, qui claudat, conti-
neat.' And as Cado, Cadivus, so claudo, claudivus,
or clausi, clausivus, clauvus, and clavus, as vtTpov,
nervus ; natpov, parum ; vafv, van Dor. Or thus :
(t\e(oi, to shut ; Ion. K\.rjtu, JE. K\atu, KXáu, whence
cla Vus.
Clemens, mild. From a word «ÀTj<ri/ieW)r, (like
irpijiifteWji,) from K\dw, frango, whence K\rjna, a
vine broken off. Sihus : Fractus furor. Suetonius :
Fractœ irse. (a) Soft for tlemens from Ttoiffijievifs
formed like T\riaiKdpStos. (3) TK^fmr, rKiinovos,
patient ; or KT)\ía, icriK-fifiuv, appeased.
Clëpo, I thieve. KAtWai, kKÍtthu.
Clepsydra, Clêrîcus. GR.
Clibanârius, ' one armed with a breastplate formed
of solid iron bent back somehow in the form of a
clibanus:' Fore. The Persians call it so, says
Ammianus ; i. e. by a word equivalent in their
language.
Clibanus, portable oven. GR.
Cliens, clientis, one under a patron. From k\vu>v,
k\vovtos, hearing, attending to his patron. (B)
From Kheiav; as honoring and respecting his patron.
Clîma, Clînïcus, Clino. GR.
Clltellae, dorsels on the backs of beasts of burden.
From kAiVoi, kckAitou : As intended for loads to rest
on. (a) From kMtvs, a sloping. (3) For cilli-
tellce, from cillus, an ass.
Clîvus, slope, steep. KAitìi, M. kMwvs. (a) Clino,
ctinivus, as Cadivus.
Cloâca, a sink. From cluo, to cleanse, as Meraca.
0, as nOctis, sOboles, niOla. Thus it is either
ClOacina or ClUacina Venus, (a) From colluo, to
rinse.
Clôdo. For claudo.
Cloacïna, Cluacina Venus. From cbio, purgo.
From the image, says Pliny, dedicated to Venus, in
memorial of the purgation of the Sabines by a myr
tle vervain, on the field in which they were recon
ciled, when just on the eve of avenging the rape of
their virgins by the Romans, (a) Lactantius from
an image found by Tatius in the Cloaca Maxima,
and so called by him in ignorance of the Goddess
it represented. (3) From cluo, to be glorious :
' Mitto GLORIOSUM apud Cloacinœ sacrum,' says
Plautus.
Cluden, a dagger so contrived, that, in seeming
to penetrate the body, the blade slid back into the
hilt and was enclosed in it. Cludo, claudo.
 CLU COL
Clueo, Cluo. I am famous. K\iw, I am heard Sais. The common meal, Communis victus. (2)
of. Coëo, coïna. (3) Aixvoy, pi. aÌKfa, œcna, ccena.
Clunâcúlum, knife for sacrificing victims. Festus: But Œ?
' As hanging down to the dunes, or as dividing Ccenum, dirt. From Koivbv, common, profane,
the dunes of the victims.' then abominable, filthy. Or common refuse. Acts
Clûnis, the buttock. From duo, to cleanse. Tur- xi : ' For nothing common or unclean,' &c. So
ton : As thro' it the fasces are ejected. (2) TKovrbs, Koivâ is to pollute, whence tyicoivâ, Inquino.
y\ovriybs, y\ovvbs, glunis. (3) Ridd. from kKÓvis, Coepi. As coArceo, coErceo, so coapio, coepio,
which however is the belly, loin or spine. (Steph. cœpio : to handle, touch, and, like fan-opat, to begin.
5080.) Forcell. explains coepi, I have taken in hand. (2)
Cluo, I cleanse. Colluo. (2) KAúfeo, to wash ; As Providens, Proi'dens, Prudens, so condpio, coïpio,
KAvw, aS VOfiifa, VOfíLtà. cœpio.
Clypeus, shield. From yKiipû fut. of y\i{pa>. Coërceo, restrain. Arceo.
From the figures embossed on it, as Pliny states was Coero. See Curo.
the case, 35. 4. (2) For clybeus, (as scriBsi, Cœrulus, Cœrulus, azure. Euphoniously for
scriPsi,) from Ka\vf}û, kAv&û, fut. of koAiottíii, to coelulus, (much as meRidies for meDidies,) from
conceal i. e. the body. (3) Rather from a word ccelum. Of the color of the sky.
kvk\€os (or kvkAcws,) transp. kAiWoï, much as Coetus, assembly. For coitus, from coëo, coïtum.
(Kiray\os for IxirAayos; Mo]. KAÚireos, as AÚKor, As irOIvì), pŒna.
luPus. Homer : cuririSas cvkvkXovs. Virgil : Cly- Cogïto, I consider. Coagito, as Coago, Cogo.
peique sub ORBE teguntur. The last word, how Sallust : Multa cum animo agitanti. Horace : Hsec
ever, savors the second derivation. ego mecum agito.
Clysmus, Clyster, &c. GR. Co-gnâtus, Co-gnosco. Tevvarbs, yvàrbs ; ywtí-
Coa, a vest from the island Cos. ITKúí, yVííffKU.
Coactïlis, Coagmentum, Coâgulum. From coago, Côgo, drive together. Coago, whence coé'gi, co
coactum. actum.
Coâleo, esco, to grow together, unite. From alo: Cohïbeo. Cohabeo, to hold together.
to be nourished together. As Concretus and trv/i- Cohors, cohortis. Gesner says : ' Cohors, chors,
(pia. (2) Coadoleo. cors, are of the same origin and primitive meaning.
Coaxo, to croak. Koà£, the sound of frogs. The latter forms, contracted as it seems by the
Coccum, a grain, &c. k6kkos. country people, were used for the most part in
Cocêtum, cake of honey and poppy. KuKiirbv, rustic matters. Cohors was so called à cohercendo
mixed. or coèrcendo, and means a coop or place in a farm
Cochlea, a snail, &c. KoxAitw. surrounded with buildings and otherwise hedged in.'
Cochlear, a spoon. From the cochlea, whose shell Coherdtus, cohertus, and cohorhts, as cOrcyra from
its bowl represents : or because shells were used for KEpKvpa. (2) Or it is from x^Pros an enclosure,
spoons. irepí0o\oi, irepiopurnós : changed into cohortis, as
Codes, one-eyed. like a Cyclops. KvkKo^i, vEmens into vEHEmens ; aënum, aHenum. From
coclops, as yT/cròs, nOctis ; coclos, much as foAwmjE, this primitive meaning came that of a band or troop
vulpeS. Ù into e, as vEnum from Fùvov, gEnu of soldiers : ' as being round like the rustic cohors,
from yOyv. (2) Cœculus : Donldn. and as being therefore called also GLOBUS mili-
Cocula, Coquula, boilers. Coguo. tum : ' Voss. (3) From cohortor. From the
Coda, for cauda, as Clodo. mutual encouragement of the soldiers. Somewhat
. Codex. See Caudex. as Convivium.
Coelo. See Cœlo. Colâphus, a blow. KiKatpos.
Cœlebs, Cselebs, unmarried. From a word Côleus, testiculus. KouAei>s, culeus.
KoiTÍAup, Koí\ijfi, destitute of the marriage-bed. So Côlïphium, a dry diet to make wrestlers robust.
aiyiKnfi is ' destitute of goats,' Lidd. ' And Kfpxó- KûAop, a limb ; î<j>i, strongly. (2) KuiKiynia, the
Atif/, cercolips, in Catullus, wanting a tail, from ends of the limbs of animals : as they used the least
\e£ire<r8o( : ' Becm. juicy pieces of meat.
Ccelum. From koTkov, concavum, convexum. Colis, for caulis, as Coda.
Ennius : CAVA cœrula candent. Lucretius : Cceli Collcga, to whom a trust legalur, is committed
CAVERNAS. (2) Forcellini prefers c^Elum, as jointly.
being ' cœlatum stellis et distinctum : ' a reading Collegium, partnership in office and any business.
favored by many Inscriptions, and by Hesychius: Collêga : or collêgo, as our Committee : to whom a
KaíXous' ovpavoiis 'Pwjuaîoí. thing is committed. (2) Under the same leges,
Ccena, the principal meal. KoíVa, common, i. e. regulations.
29
 COL
Colïïcise, field-drains. From lacio, to draw off.
(2) Confounded with colliquiœ, from liquor, to drop,
run.
Collïdo, from lœdo, as Occïdo.
Collïneo, I hit a mark, my eyes directed in a right
linea, line.
Collis, hill. As òoTâ became osSa, and tto-
AvAgvktjs, ttoAAçvktjs, polLucis, so Ko\wvbs, colNis,
colLis. Is, as Sp.$pos, irabrls. (2) As A6<pos and
Seipj) are not only the neck, but a ridge or hill, collis
from collum. See Cervix. (3) Donaldson from
cello, celsus.
Collûco, I give lucem, light by cutting trees.
Collum, neck. Dumesnil: from koKAû, to join.
The part of the body whereby the head is joined to
the trunk. (2) Becman : ' From kûKov, the limb,
emphatically, as being the base and support of the
head. Nor are these specific applications uncom
mon. Thus opvis for a hen, iarpov the dog-star,
fSporbs a man.' So Voss : ' Membrum, per excel-
lentiam.' The L doubled as in Mellis from M4\t.
(3) Dr. Turton : ' From collis ; because it rises
from the shoulders like a hill.' See on Cervix and
Collis.
Collustro. See Illuslro.
Colluvies. See Illuvies.
Collybus, Collyra, Collyrium. GR.
Côlo, as, I strain liquor. As /uTAa, mOla ; 6Tpo,
(ptpa, fOris, so colo from x^AS, to extract juice by
decoction. Eustathius says : AripóicpiTos rb MT
Mil Aéyti. V. v. <pû.pbs, fUris. (2) From a word
vAâ like òKtfa, to strain. C for H. See Ceterus.
(3) From KovAebs, (as /lOTaa, M. pClon,) in the
Latin sense of culeus, a sack, as o-anKevw, to strain,
from (tAkkos.
Colo, is. To clip or prune ; from koAû, koAÍítu
fut. of Ko\dÇa. Then to trim, adjust, take care of,
be busy about, cultivate : then ' assiduus sum in
loco aliquo,' Forcellini : i. e. to frequent, dwell. (2)
From an obsolete verb, says Riddle, which now
exists only in PovkÓAos, $ovkoa4w, kóAoÇ, &c. These
are usually referred to k6\ov, food, fodder. And
Ko\éu might be, to give food or fodder to, to tend.
Elsewhere he refers it to néKKa, kíaw.
Colocâsia, Colon, Côlon. GR.
Colônia, Colônus. From colo. As v'uevós.
Color. From colo, says Riddle : as Amo, Amor.
Colo, to take pains about, to trim, embellish, &c.
But better from XP°'0S> 'De color of the skin, com
plexion : M. xpiop, for softness %Aoop, as kPi^avos
into KAl/ìavos, pPe/ieaiyw into PAefíeaíi>a> ; transp.
X^Aop, color.—Others from xv*osi XU^P> a decoc
tion.
Colossus. KoKoo-ffós.
Colostra, Colustra, the first milk after the birth.
Coalesco, coalescilum, coleslum, whence colostra, as
vOrtex, extOrris, and much as suggrllndium à sug-
COM
1 gerEndo. Facilè coalescens, says Forcellini. And
Pliny calls it a spongy thickness of milk, (a) As
being glutinous, from KÓMa, glue. (3) Kó\ov,
food. ?
Coluber, snake. Haigh : ' From koAv&ti, Mo\. of
KaAífìr), a covering, cavern. As fond of holes and
secret retreats.' So KAAafws, kOAo/ìos, whence
culmus. (2) Dumesnil from KoAo&bs, mutilus. ?
Côlum, a strainer. Colo. •
Columba, dove. Ko\v/i$U is a diver or dab-chick,
and columba is allied to it, from Ko\v/if!â, to dive :
From its swimming motion in the air. Ovid : Oscula
dat blanda columba mari.
Côlumbar, pillory, as like the holes of dovecots.
Columba.
Columbarium, dovecot; and (from the likeness)
the mortise-holes in which the ends of rasters are
fastened in buildings. Columba.
Côlûmen, Côlûmis, Côlumna. Columna from
columen ; and both from columis, whole, sound.
' Columen, quòd domum columem facit : ' Ainsw.
As Cum or Com (with,) is from S/i-, and Ceterus
from "Erepos, and as indeed in general C is thought
to be prefixed to words as on Cura,— so columis is
from S\os, whole, i. e. sound, solid, firm :—and that
by a termination as in Foveo, Fovimes, Fomes ; Alo,
Alimus, Alraus. Or at once from a word iM/xos or
8\vfjLos, whole, like /xáx»Moï or ^tujuoj. — Riddle
understands columis as ' maimed,' from Ko\ova, to
maim, and incolumis to mean unhurt, but this is
unsupported by others.—Forcellini compares columen
with culmen, and both words can come from kìXoiíos
Mo\. of KuAauos, culmus. Thus he explains culmen
the thatched roof of a house.—Haigh, however,
deduces columen and culmen from KÍXvfifiu or
kóAujUíi, M. KÍAv/ia, a covering. Columen was also
the principal beam extending along the roof of a
house, and on which all the parts of the house depend,
and hence columna so meant at first according to
Vitruvius and Festus; and they were afterwards
applied to any prop or support. This sense points
particularly to the derivation from SAv/ios.—Donldn.
compares all these with cello, celsus.
Columnârii, spendthrifts, &c. prosecuted at the
columna Maenia.
Côlûri, the colures. KóKovpoi.
Côlûria, pilasters. ' From xóAovpos, with a mu
tilated tail : for on the top they are without the
proper ornaments of pillars : ' Fore.
Colurnus, of the hazel. Corylus, corylurnus, as
Taciturnus.
Côlus, distaff. From colo, explained by Forcel
lini ' st Milium, operam, laborem pono ; assiduus sum
circa rem aliquam.' Ovid has ' lanas excoluisse suas.'
Ad cultum pertinet, says Perott. (2) KdAos, KÓAxnfi :
Ridd.
Coma, hair. Kófiv.
 COM
Combîno. Bina jungo.
Combûro, I burn. See in Bustum. (a) For
com-ûro, as D in proDest.
Come, a village. Ká/iv.
Comes, companion : from com, and eo, itum,
whence iter, actitus. Compare Cϒus.
Comètes, Cômïcus. GR.
Cômïnus. Manus cum manu, hand to hand. So
Virgil : Pede pes et cuspide cuspis. Thus Eminus.
Comis, courteous. As KÓtrfuos from Koff/íâ or
K&tjfios, so comis from cômo, as Quintilian has ' co-
mere et expolire orationem.' So Polite from Polio.
(8) KótTfios, ornatus*; as 'per/ibs, rëmus. (3) Kófi-
uos, decoration. (4) Com-eo, as (jvp.Trípupépop.ai, I
am complaisant. (5) Kâ/ios, a jovial festivity. Gay,
cheerful, pleasant.
Cômissor, I revel. For comassor from Kw/iiíC°lía'>
as Tlarplfa, Patrisso. I as contAngo, contlngo.
Comités, counts, attendants on the Emperor.
Comes.
Cômïtia, meeting for voting. Comeo, comitum,
as Comes, tits.
Cômïtiâlis morbus, the falling sickness, as the
comitia were suspended on the seizure of any one
with it.
Cômïtor, go with. Comes, itis.
Comma, a comma. Ki/ifia.
Commendo, give over. Mando.
Commentâríus, short comments. From
Commentor, meditate, plan. Comminiscor, men-
ius.
Commi, gum. iHput.
Commïniscor, Rëmïniscor. See Memini.
Commissûra, joint. Commission, to put together.
. Commodo, commoda or commode do. See Corn-
modus.
Commodus is, being done (cum modo) with just
measure or proportion. Cicero has ' bono modo.'
Thus Comminùs is Cum manu. Arnold explains
commodus ' commensurate with.'
Communïco, facio communem.
Commûnio, participation in the same munia, func
tions or favors.
Communis, having munia, duties, offices or privi
leges with others. Cicero : Commune officium cen
sura defenderent communi animo. So Immûnis.
(a) Within the same mania, walls.
Cômo, comb or dress the hair, trim, polish.
Kouuw, I dress, adorn with care, (a) Koffuâ,
(kouhû,) I arrange, adorn. (3) Co-emo, to take
and put together, as Promo, Demo. (4) Ko/íù,
attire, adorn : or coma. ?
Cômœdus. Ka/itfS6s.
Compactus, Compâges. Tlíirâya, pago, pango,
pactus.
Compare Par cum pari. As Separo.
Compello, as, I call. See Appello.
31
CON
Compendium, a saving. Opposed to dispendium,
a loss. Perhaps from panda : dispando, to disperse ;
dispendium, dispersion, scattering, loss ; compendium
the reverse, a saving, (a) But all bring it from
pendo : dispendium, payment in various directions ;
compendium, a contraction of it. The one pro
fusion, the other a saving. Black thus : ' Comp., in
which several things are weighed or considered
together ; hence a concise view.'
Compërendïno, I adjourn till (perendie) the third
day.
Comperio. See Aperio.
Compernis, bow-legged. Ennius applies perna to
the human leg.
Compes. Pes, as Pedica, and Feet, Fetter.
Compesco, restrain. Pasco. From penning sheep
together to feed. So Dispesco.
Compïto, go or tend to the same point, meet.
Peto or beto.
Compïtum, where two ways competunt, meet.
Complector. See Amplector.
Compleo, I fill. See Pleo.
Complex, ïcis, an accomplice. Plico. As im-
-plicated.
Compos, potis, having power over. Potis.
Computo. Puto, to estimate.
Concha, Conchis, Conchylium. GR.
Concïlio, join together, unite, attach. As Auxilior
and Auxilium from Augeo, Auxi, so concilia and
concilium from concio, to call together, (a) From
calo, to summon, ko\û. (3) Others go to cilium,
the hair of the eyebrows. And cilicium: from fullers
stuffing together haircloth. But ' nil opus.'
Concilium, council. See above.
Concinnus, nicely put together. From cinnus, a
mixture of many things, (a) For concincinnus from
cincinnus; applied to well-adjusted locks of hair.
Indeed some MSS. in a passage in Plautus and in
Cicero read cinnus, as cincinnus.
Concio, an assembly ; harangue, do, as Convo-
catio. (a) Some write contio, for comitio from
comitium. Key for conventio.
Concipllo, much as Compila, and, it is thought, put
for it, as the old Incitega for Intega, and, as some
say, Recipero and Reciprocus. The CI needs ex
planation. Shall we venture on cumque or comque,
conce: 'and with'? I, as leglte, animus, (a)
Freund from concipio.
Conclave, a room under lock and key. Clavis.
Concrëtus. Cresco, cretum. See Coaleo.
Condálium, a ring. As kTV&s, cAnis ; from
k6vSv\os, a joint of the finger, as So/cTiiAioy from
SúktvKos. Festus says that condulus was a ring.
Condio, season, pickle. As yapTu, garrloj so
conduo, condio. Duo, as in Perduim ; and to place,
as do in Abdo, Condo. To put together, mix in
gredients, much as àpríu from &poi, &prat. (a) Is.
 CON
Voss mentions yavSvo'iiara, from yavUbu, conduo.
O, as SA/iû, dOmo.
Conditio, the nature or quality under which things
are (condita) framed. Thus Ulpian : Naturâ rerum
conditum est ut plura sint negotia quàm vocabula.
Condo, as Abdo, Addo.
Condus, a butler, qui condit cibos.
Confarreo, to marry by the form of eating cake
(Jarris) of meal together.
Confertus, crammed. Farcio.
Confestim, directly. See Festino.
Conflîgo, Conflictor. See Fligo.
Confrìigôsus, broken. Frago, ngo.
Confute. See Futilis.
Conger, conger-eel. T&yypos.
Congius, a liquid measure. Koyxiov, a little
KÓyxvi small measure. (2) Xolvtt, xoivticof, x0^"-
Xios.
Congruo, I meet. This, and Ingruo, are usually
referred to grits, gruis. To attack as cranes, (Mil
ton : That small infantry warr'd on by cranes,) or to
form together as cranes in a wedge on their flight :
Cic. de N. D. 49. (2) Ingruo, iyxpova, to strike
against. (3) From ruo : G inserted as in impreG-
nable.
Conisco, I frisk up and down, butt, i. e. raise the
kóvis, dust. As jEris, jErusco. (3) For corisco,
allied to Kvpltraw, Kopvirra. See on moeNia.
Conjux, for conjunx, from jungo, junxi: or con-
jugis from jugo,jungo, as in Conjugium.
Connlveo, -vo. I wink. Neiiw is to incline, and is
here transferred to the moving of the eyes up and
down. Thus Wachter observes that Nicto is said
' de NUTU cervicis et OCULORUM.' In Cinna :
Jam gravis ingenti connivere pupula somno. Now
vein, through mia,'mFéia, would be ni Veo, as tpptyu,
frlgo ; (TtTitos, stipes.
Cônôpeum, canopy. Kwvanrttov.
Conor, strive, endeavor. As iraAt'o/ioi from
7rotw, and trrpwpdouai from <rrpi<ptio, so Kiavtofiat or
tccovdoucu, ou/mi or ûjuai, conor, from Kovita, to haste,
hurry, whence iyKoviw, explained by Hesychius
ivepyâ, irovâ ; also àyKoyéa, explained in VV. LL.
flerà trtrovSTjs ivepyta : also SiaKovéa). (2) Yoss
from Kavifv, i. e. trtpib'iveìii : from kwvos, a spinning-
top. To go round and round, beat about, in carry
ing a point.
Conquïnisco. For concunisco, from comum, as
pŒna, pUnio. Stercus facio.
Consentâneus. Consentio, as Pariens, Parens.
Consîdëro, from inf. considère, (as Recipero, Recu-
pero ; Desidere, Desidero ;) to fix my mind on.
Homer : íirl ippéva 6iìx' tepotffi. So iirio-ranat is
4<pla-T7ifu rhv vovv (Matthiae). Herodotus : 4mB4a6ai
vavTiXiriai i. e. yovv. (2) Properly, to contemplate
sidera, the stars. So Contemplor itself, which see
in Templum.
32
CON
Consilium. From consido, as Exulo, Exilium ;
Pncsideo, Praesidium.
Consûbrïni. See Sobrini.
Constans. Stans, as Distant.
Consterno, as, I alarm. Sterno, is.
Consul, qui consulit senatum, says Varro. Or
qui reipublica: consulit, as said in opposition to the
alleged negligence of the Kings.
Consulo, 1 take measures, consult. From consalio.
Properly said of persons springing together (as we
say Concurring from Curro,) to decide a point.
Ainsworth : ' Qui consulunt, rationibus in unam
senteutiam saliunt.' (2) Consilium for considium,
as aLacris ab iAaxpvs. Ovid : Consedere duces,
&c. Doderlein also thinks that consulo is to sit
down, but ' from the same root as solium, sella, and
perhaps solum.' (3) From sileo. A mut im silentio,
says Festus. ' Quia consilia,' says Wachter, ' solent
clàm haberi.'
Consummo, sum up, &c. Summa.
Consus, the God of secret, faithful or wholesome
counsel. ' From conso, is, [as Condo, Condus,]
obsol. for consulo. Or from con-sum, to be present
with and assist debberators. Or from consum for
conditum, [to hide : as Pendo, Pensum].' Fore.
Contâges, -io. Togo, tango.
Contamlno, Attamino, pollute. Togo, (tango,)
tagimen, tâmen, as Novimen, Nomen. Like Con
tâges. Tertullian has contâmen. So Inlaminatus.
Contemplor. See Templum.
Contentio. Contendo, turn.
Contentus. Contineo, contentum. Who keeps
himself within what he has.
Contïcïnium. ' The first part of the night when
all is still, as it seems to mean in Plautus,' Fore.
From conticeo, as Tirocinium. Varro gives another
meaning, not easy of solution.
Contïguus. Contigo, contingo, contango.
Contïnuò, immediately ; as (con-tenens) joining on
with the present moment.
Contïnuus, as above, joining on, uninterrupted.
So Contiguus.
Contor, I explore, i. e. aquam conio, with a pole.
Contrà, from con—. Contra is formed after the
model of Intra.
Controversia, as in Adversus.
Contubemium, soldiers in the same taberna, tent.
Contumax, froward, haughty. Phsedrus : tumens
superbiâ. (2) Contemax from contemno, contemo.
See the last.
Contûmêlia, insolence. Like contumax.
Contus, a pole. Kovròs.
Convexus, convex. Veho, vexi. For con-devexus,
carried downwards on each side, as Deorsum for
Devorsum, and as Despicio, to look down upon.
Convicium, for convocium, as inqullinus, Ullco.
Cicero : Vocibus maledictisque célébrât uni. Plato :
 CON
ïoMV <pwv)iv Uvres, Kanois àW-fjKots $\atr(pvp.uvvT€s.
(2) Noise from numerous vicis, streets. (3) Con-
vinco, convìci, to prove any one guilty. (4) From
vices. Alternate abuse. As some derive persona.
Conviva, -ium. Vivo. Properly, a living together,
eating together from day to day. But Cicero says:
' Benè majores nostri aceubationem epularem amico-
rum, quòd Pitts conjunctionem haberet, convivium no-
minârunt.' Plautus : HODIE tecum conviverem.
Cônus, a cone. Kàvos.
Côpa, hostess. Caupo.
Cophïnus, twig-basket. Ki<pivos.
Côpia. From co-opes: or co-apio i.e. conjungo.
Power, or plenty. So Co-ago, Cogo ; Co-apula,
Copula.
Copiâtae, grave-diggers, bearers. Komdu, to work ;
Kowtàraí in Gloss.
Copis, a falchion. Koiris.
Côpo, for caupo, as Codex.
Côprea, jester, buffoon. Kirpios, one as vile as
dung.
Cops, côpis, adj. of cqpia.
Copta, a hard biscuit. Kriirnj.
Côpula, a tie. See Copia.
Coqno. KíkóS, to mix, stir up. (2) IleVrai,
Tré-noira, to cook ; whence ttottw, M. kokw, coquo.
See on Quinque.
Cor, heart. Keop Molic of Ktap, as iríïs, rrdip, irAïp,
puer.—Or cordis is from xapSlas, as SA/tû, dOmo ;
pOrrum from rtpdaov, rtdpaov, irA/ipoy.
Cora, Coralium. GR.
Coram. From con, and os, oris, as Cominùs,
Commodus, Cogo for Co-ago, Copia from Coapio.
Face to face, as in Numb. 14. 14. So Mouth to
mouth, Numb. 12. 8. French tête-à-tête, vis-à-vis.
(2) From xoipav, i. e. Kara xópav, eye to eye. (3)
From x^P^ì Lat. è regione.
Corbis, twig-basket. From curvus, as sOboles,
ferBui. ' Curvatis virgis contexuntur,' says Isi-
dorus. (2) As pipos, rnorBus, so from yvpbs, round,
is gurBus, then curbus, as Tapvrbs, Corytos; and
corbus, as /Tktìî, nOctis. Hence might be subst.
corbis. (3) Kó<ptvos, KÚtyvos, K0v<pos, and corbis, as
S^*a, amBo ; caNmen, caRmen ; 6p.f}pOS, imbrlS.
Corbïta, ' a merchant ship, slow and heavy : from
corbis, it being in the shape of a pannier :' Dumesn.
Corcûlum. From cor, as Vasculum.
Cordâtus, corde sorti prœditus.
Cordax, a comic dance. GR.
Corium. ' Xòpiov, any skin, leather, the Lat.
corium, Theocr. 10. 11 :' Lidd. (2) From xelpa,
KÍitopa, seco, says Scheide : but Becm. from Keipw,
tondeo : From which the hair is shorn off. Thus
Cortex is from Koprbs, shorn off, and 54p/ia from
S4pa, to strip off.
Cornïcûlârius, a cornet : from a corniculum, little
horn presented by the general as a mark of merit.
33
COR
Cornix, crow. Kopávn, whence cortmix, comix,
as Matris, Matrix.
Cornu, horn. Képoev, Ktpovv, horny, transp. Ktp-
vov, cornu, as KEpiupa, cOrcyra ; and as /tevacSpOY
is menandrU in the Title to Terence's lleautontimo-
rumenos.
Cornus, the cornel-tree. From cornu. Ob cor-
neam duritiem, says Pliny. So Turton : From the
hardness of its wood and branches, which are like
horn. And so used for spear-shafts and bows.
(2) Kpdvos, xdpvos. 0, as pOrrus, dOmo.
Corolla, Corollârium. Corôna, corônula.
Côrôna. Hesychius explains Kop&vn by eîSos
trre<pdvov. Also Kopavbs, bv, is curved, bent,
and Kopuvh a wreath or garland.
Corônis, the finish. Kopuvis.
Córôno, to crown, &c. Corona.
Corpus. Riddle : ' From Koppbs, a log, Moi. Kopiròs.'
So imirara for Hfi/xara. So we say Peggy, Polly,
(2) Xpóas, a body; chroPus, as \âas, laPis; Sots,
daPis : then corpus.
Corngia, the latchet by which the shoe was wont
corrigi, to be put straight.
Corrîgo. See Rego.
tt Corrida, wild asparagus, .
Cortex. As Kopp.bs from KfKopfiat perf. of Ketpu,
so from KeKoprai is Koprbs, curtus and cortex. A
tree's rind cut off, as S6pu from S4pa. Budœus ex
plains Kttpa by ' erado, stringo : ' thus cortex is
Strictus. (2) Becman for contex from contego:
as the covering of the tree. Somewhat as caNmen,
caRmen.
Cortina. Properly, a dyeing vat, for crotina, from
Xpis, xf>a,T^s whence xPUTKa>> '° color, dye. Hence
a vat, caldron, kettle, oracular tripod. (2) From
cors, cortis, used like cohors, cohortis, for a coop for
fowls, &c. which, from being usually round, gave to
cortina the senses of vat, &c. So Ruina, Angina.
Côrus. See Caurus.
Corusco, to brandish, quiver, flash, glitter, (See
Mico,) from KÓpvs, a helmet, whence KopvBdïÇ,
Kopv0ai6\os, with waving plume. But other epithets
of KÓpvs are Ka/Mirpà, tpaew^j, irautpavAoia'a : and in
this case the meaning of flashing would be prior to
that of brandishing, as in Mico. Corusico, corusco,
as Claudus, Claudico : or Kopia, KopiaKie, as fìdœ,
fido-Ka ; or from Kopiaau in a new sense, as the
verb Conisco is traced to kovìÇw. (2) Isaac Voss :
From collision, as expressed by Kopinrru, Kopirria,
Kopiaaai, to strike with the horns. Indeed corusco
is used of pushing with the horns.
Corvus, raven, &c. As v\Fa, sylVa ; so KÓpFaÇ,
KÓpFaxos, corvicus, corvus, as Faxero, Faxo. (2)
Kopdnttos adj., eoraciVus, as AchiVus : corcivus,
corvus. (3) As FaXilmiiB, vulpeS ; so KÓpFaÇ, corvas,
CorVbantes, priests of Cybele. GR.
Corflus, a hazel. From xòpvhos, as is stated by
E
 COR
Riddle, Facciolati, Ainsworth, Grove, Wright, Tur-
ton ; but it is not recognized by Stephens. Voss
says it is from xipvXos. It seems allied to xipvov, a
nut.
Côrymbus, Coryphaeus, Côrytos. Kópvp$os, Kopv-
Qcûos, Twpvrós.
Cos, côtis, large stone, grindstone. From causes,
as Cauda, Coda.
Cosmêta, slave of the wardrobe. Koít/mit^î.
Cosmiânus, belonging to Cosmos the perfumer.
Juvenal : ' Cosmi toto mergatur aheno.'
Cossim, on both the hips. For eojrimfrom coxa:
or coxatim.
Cossi8, Cossus, a worm breeding in wood. From
kU, as alvrns, sOntis ; vT/ct&î, nOctis. (2) As KÓp<rn
from Kiipu, KcKopaai, so corsis, cossis. Kelpu here
to devour. See Caro, Carnis.
Costa, a rib. For coassata, planked together :
from assis, a plank. See Coxa, (a) For composita
or congesta. (3) From consto, costo. All the ribs
standing together in a row.
Costum, Cothurnus. GR.
Côtôneum, -ium malum, a quince. Corrupted
from Kuiiiviov, from Cydon in Crete.
Cottâbus, sound made by whipping hides. From
KÓTTaflos, the sound of dashing wine into a cup.
Cottana, small dry figs. KíÍttoto Hesych. and
Athenseus.
Coturnix (or C5-), a quail. Festus from the sound.
But,as Spinturnix from airivBaph Spvis, socoturnixoT
goturnix, (as Twpvrbs, Corytos,) from yóprvÇ, yórpvÇ
tpvis. For cotrurnix : the R elided, as flagRellum,
flagellum. rdpru{ is in Hesychius. (3) From
6prv£, vyos, suppose adj. oprvyivbs, transp. yorvpivbs,
yoTvpvbs, and coturnix, as cornlX. (4) Korrbs,
says Riddle : but this seems to be a cock : Steph.
ccccxxii.
Côtyla, Cotytto. GR.
COVIN US, a British war-chariot, and a British
word. (2) Varro : From cotrus i. e. cavus.
Coxa, joint of the hip. Coago, coaxi, to join.
Coxendix, the same as coxa. Formed after Ap
pendix.
Crâbro, hornet. From xépas, a horn, cerabro,
much as in Crebrus i. e. creber, Cerebrum, Cribrum,
Candelabrum, (a) As slender-waisted, from craceo,
whence Gracilis.
Craceo. See Gracilis.
Crambe, Crâpûla. KpdnP-n, KpaivdKn.
Cras, to-morrow. For (/carà) x6pas, ob oculos,
just before us. As Coram is thought by some to be
(kotò) x^pcw, as x&Plv f°r {Kara) x&Plvi an^ Circùm
is properly an accusative. The day before us, the
day at hand. (2) From itpâcri dat. of ttpcurts, a
blending. The blending or joining on with the
present day, like rfj ixoM€'"5 >n Greek.
Crassus, fat, gross. From itpâs .i£ol. of xpias,
34
CRE
Kpijs, flesh. Voss : ' à multâ came.' For npeacrabs,
says Becman. As vtoaaós. See Spissus.
Crater, cup. Kpor^p.
Crates, hurdle. Undoubtedly, says Wachter, from
Kp&Tfu, û, to hold firmly. SoDacier: 'From npàTfw,
teneo, vincio, appréhende' So clâdes from n\a5os.
—Yet better perhaps from the same root as Kpàrrip,
a cup, i. e. from Kepiw, xpaai, to mix : As made of
twigs intermixed or wattled.
Crêber, thick, close. As Facio, Faciber, Faber,
and Mulceo, Mulciber, so cresco, crevi, creviber.
Thus Nosco, Novi, Novimen, Nomen. (2) Doderlein :
Celeber, cleber, creber : as Ka\0Trrw, Kpfarrw.
Credo. From Ktxpytia pf- of xpifa (or rather fut.
2. xpyàû) taken in the sense of XP^»> to lend : i. e.
entrust my money or my opinion to another. (2)
Priscian for ' cretum do ' i. e. judicatum : I allow it
as judged and determined. But ?
Crëmentum, increase. Cresco, crevi, crevimen-
tum, as Monimentum.
Crëmia, dry sticks for burning. Cremo.
Crëmo, I burn. Scheid says : ' Hesych. : Kep/mra-
Bpaitr/ittTa. Cremo is nothing else than to set on
fire with these cremiis or Kippaai.' That is, from
xipixa, Kpéfia, is a word Kpep.4ai or ttpefióv, w. (2)
Haigh : ' From Otpnòa, £>, to make hot : transp.
Bpe/iii.' T passed into K in Tétraapes, KeVropes,
whence Quatuor: so TH could pass into KH in
fycjuw, xPe^- (3) Kpçci», Kpéutì : Ridd.
Crëmor, thick juice. For crimor, (as xptya,
kIPvu, cERno,) from xpivai, xiicptfuu, to sever.
' Properly the cream separated from the milk : '
Face.
Crena, a notch, scalptura. Tpim, to gnaw, seems
allied to ypitpa, to grave, (as the Etymol. M. makes
it,) and in the latter sense might produce an jEolic
word ypyvr), as fípa, tXpiprn : and crena, as our
CRane and iVPavoj.
Creo, make. Varro mentions an old form cereo,
whence creo : hence from xtpio!, xtpivvvixi, to min
gle, whence Kpda, and npaats. Here, to mix together
the component parts, 'particulam undique dissectam,'
Hor. : thus to form, create. Eo, as yuo5Aa>, mad Ko.
(2) From xEP&J> manûs ; whence xfP*<»' to model
with the hand, tracto fingoque manu. (3) As £aW,
aalvu, from $<ia, (ria, so xpalya from xpda. To
execute, complete. Hence creo.
Crëpërus, doubtful. Soft for cneperus from Kvé<pas,
darkness. So cRisso, gRoma. P, as $cuvó\a,
Psenula. Compare Crepusculum.
Crëpïda, a shoe, slipper. Kp7j7rîîa, acc. of «pijirls,
a boot. As ayxvpa, ancôra. (2) Crepo. From its
noise.
Crëpïdo, edge of a bank, brow of a rock, itpv-
irîîo, acc. of ifpijirli, ' the walled edge of a river,'
Lidd.
Crëpïtâciílum, rattle. Crepo, itum.
 CRE
Crëpo, to rattle. From Kpcxu, to strike, beat
with the shuttle or plectrum : M. Kpbra, as KiKos,
M. \iYlos, luPus.
Crëpundia, rattles, bells. Crepo. Much as Sug-
grunda.
Crëpuscûlum, twilight. See Creperus.
Cresco, for crassesco ; or for crebresco, explained
Augesco in JE. 12. 407 ; or for crudesco, explained
' to increase ' by Martyn on Georg. 3. 504.
Crêta, chalk ; as brought from Crete or places near ;
or as imported by Cretan merchants. See Eretria.
Crëtio, the act ' cernendi,' of entering on an in
heritance. That is, says Varro, of settling my title
to it. Cerno, cretum.
Crëtùra, sifting of corn. Cerno, sift.
Crëtus, born, sprung. ' For creâtus, if we con
sider the meaning: from cresco, [crescitus,~\ if we
consider analogy : ' Fore.
Crîbrum, a sieve. Crinibrum from xpiva, to sift,
as Cerebrum, Candelabrum. Or cerno, cernibrum;
or crevi, crevibrum.
Crimen. Liddell : ' Kpìpa, a matter for judg
ment, an accusation, charge, Lat. crimen.' Hence
the crime, the thing judged. But, as I is long,
rather from Kpivófievov ; or cerno, cernimen, creimen,
crimen, as Novi, Novimen, Nomen.
Crinis, hair. From xpivw, to divide, separate, i. e.
with the comb. Voss : Notat pilos discriminates.
Crispo, to crisp, wrinkle, curl, and then make to
curl, move in a tremulous manner. Properly, to
make rough and uneven. For Scaber is rough, i. e.
scratched and clawed, from Scabo. And KvÍTrTW is
to scratch, tear, lacerate, and allied is Kvdfiwra and
yvifiTrra, to crook or bend like crispo. Allied to
KudfiTrru and Kv&wTu was KviiTTu, whence Kvnrbs is
scraping, niggardly, and which was allied to tcvifa,
(like Nfarrct and Níf»,) to grate, rasp, and thus to
make a surface rough and uneven. From kvítttu
Kvítpco or a verb Kvityáw, û, cnipso, could be cnispo,
as &fPTos, StlTos, segrus. Hence crispo for euphony,
as cRisso from kNÍ8<t<d, gRoma from yNâp.a., and
cRepus, cReperus, cRepusculum, from KNt<pas. (2)
Crispus, for corispus, allied to Kop&aou : Ridd.
Crisso, libidinosè lumbis fluctuo. Voss from
Kvifa, libidine prurio. As ptSZa, maSSa. So
Kvl22a from KvlZa. Or from pass, iitviaaaj., or
KvlaSu, Kvltraru. R, for softness as in cRepusculum.
(a) Kiviacw, moveo ; Ktiiaaa.
Crista, from Kopvar^i, upvora, from Kopiaaa, ' to
make crested, raise to a head,' Lidd. Hence the
tuft on a bird's head, and a helmet's crest.
Crîtïcus, Crôbylus. GR.
Crôcio, to croak as a raven. Kpáfa, Kexpaxa.
(2) KipaÇ, nípaxos, a raven.
Crôcôdflus, Crôcôta, Crôcotta, Crocus, Crôtâlum.
GR.
Crùcio. From crux, crucis.
35
cue
Crûdëlis, cruel. From crudus, (like Fidelis,) for
cruidus, (like Frigidus,) from cruor, ttpvop jEolic of
Kpíos. Bloody, still raw, unripe, sour, sour in
temper, fierce. See on Atrox. So ùfibs is both.—
Ainsw. from KpvtiSris.
Criidus. See Crudelis.
Crilmêna, -ïna, purse. Generally thought put for
cremina, from Kptuû, to hang, or xpe/idfieya. As
hanging from the arm or neck. U, as pEUo, pUlsus.
(2) As hyeMernus, hyBernus, v. v. crubêna, cru-
mêna, from xpv$û, to conceal. Or KeKpvp.p.éva. (3)
KeKpov/iiva, beating against the body. (4) Riddle
from ypv/iaia or -eía, a wallet : Steph. 3065.
Cruor, gore : congealed blood, Gloss. Philox.
Kpíos, M. Kpiop, congelation.
Crup—, Cruppellârii, soldiers armed cap-à-piè.
For crubellarii, as KdvuBos, CanoPus : from Kpv$9
to hide. Though some think it a Gaulish word.
Crupellarios vocant, says Tacitus of the Hedui.
Donldn. compares Kpv<paAov.
Crus, cruris, leg. Properly, the hard shell of the
leg. Valckenaer deduces o-kì\os, the leg, from
(TKfWa, cAw, to dry, whence o-KAvphs, rigid : ' So
called from the hardness of the bone.' In the same
manner, from Kpavpos, dry, is cruris. Much as
inclAUdo, inclÚdo ; fiOTo-a, mUsa. (2) From
xpíos, xpbs, taken like KpicrraAAos, for Ice, congela
tion, then hardness in general, and allied to crusta,
a hard rind or crust. (3) From axipos, scrupus :
transp. axpios, scrus, and crus, as S<pá\\o>, Fallo.
(4) Key from o-kIAos, vkAovs, o-xpois. As kPíittu.
Crusma, a timbrel. KpoDaytot.
Crusta, crust of ice frozen. See Crustum.
Crustum, a cake with a hard (crusta) case, as a
simnel. And crusta, (as in Virgil : Concrescunt
subitse currenti in flumine crusta;,) from the root of
KpvtTTaíyœ, and KpvoraAAos, ice.
Crux, cross. From KpvÇa Mol. of rpi£a>, fut. of
rpvxa, to torment. So Térope, JE. x4rope, Quatuor :
and Tu, M. kis, Quis. Similarly AÍTpa became
AÍTlpa, liBra. (2) Kararpv^a, Karrpí^co, KpíÇw. (3)
Becm. from xpoia, to beat, braise : xpoíca, JE.
Kpoí^at.
Crypta, Crystallum. GR.
Cûbîle, couch. Cuba, as Bovile. Cubabile.
Cubital, a cushion for the cubitus; fore-sleeve
from the cubitus downwards.
Cubitus, elbow, &c. ' Kífìnov, os cubiti, Hippocr. :'
Steph.—Others from cubo, cubitum. On which
they rested in lying down.
Cubo, from Kvfìû fut. of Kimrw, to bend the head.
' Hesychius explains bvaKvivTwo-cu by ivarptyai, in
dorsum inclino, resupino. And the Schol. on Ni-
cander explains avaxinrdiffas by ínrriav iroi^aas ko!
hvaffrptyas iir\ viïyrov : ' Steph.
Cûbus, a cube. Kifios.
Cucullus, soft for cuclullus from kvkAos, an orb,
 cue
as flagRellum, flagellura. A cornet of paper, used
by grocers to put their spice in. And hence Voss
deduces its sense of a cloak with a hood : ' From
the form ; for the cucullus of the head represents an
inverse cone, and is plainly similar to the paper
cucullus, as appears from the Spanish pallia and
bardocuculli.' (2) Saumaise from kókkvs, a top or
crest, i. e. a covering for the head pointed at the top.
Cìicûlus, a cuckoo. Koxxuf, vkos, whence coco-
çulus, cocoulus.
Cûcûlus, an adulterer. Above. For the cuckoo
sucks the eggs of other birds, and lays her own to
be hatched in their place.
Cucúma, a vessel of brass, in the form of a cu-
cumis.
Cûcûmis, cucumber. Redupl. (like Cucurbita,)
from Kva, kcku/luu, to swell. T short, as in kvtos
from kíkvtoi. (2) Sikvós. ?
Cucurbita, a gourd ; cupping-glass. Redupl. (like
Cucumis, Populu8, Titillo, Cicindêla,) from curvus,
from its curved form. B, as ferVeo, ferBui.
Cûdo, ere, to strike. KòVtio, kÓttw ; and, (as the
ancients said fUntes, frUndes, for fOntes, frOndes,
and as vaDum from fiaTbv,) cuddo, cûdo, as 'perubs,
remmus, rêmus. See on Tundo. (2) Perott derives
cudo from ctcdo. Certainly from mCErus wasmUrus,
from pŒna was pUnio; but this does not justify
cjEdo into cUdo.
Cûdo, a cap of raw-skin. From kvtos, hide, as
aîTos, aeDes. (2) From néSiov, a skin, as tpClpbs,
fUris. I dropt, as parlens, parens. (3) From
kwSìs, Hesych., the head. As worn on it. As French
Chapeau.
Cûjus. Of Ejus James Bailey says well : ' From
!o, (To, for which the .'Eolians may have said tiovs
or tiovs, (indeed iovs is found in Corinna apud
Apollon, de Pronom.) was ejus.' And from So, oîo,
and o'tovs, seems to have been hojus, hujus, as <pnpbs,
fUris. And from xal olovs could be quojus, cujus.
(2) As Alter, Alterius, so qui, quius, qujus: is, ea,
eius, ejus. Hie or formerly hoc, (from 8 7',) hocius,
hocjus, hojus, hujus.
Culcïta, tick, mattress. For calcita from calco,
as Labor, Lûbricus : Wool, &c. trodden down, as
artifice, (TTifìás.
Cûleus, a sack. KovXtis.
Culex, gnat. Cutilex, culilicis, à cuiim lacio i. e.
lacesso. (2) 2kí4à7){ : Ridd.
Cûligna, a bowl. Kvhixvy.
Cûlïna, a kitchen. For coculina, from cocula,
boilers. A place where these are used.—Riddle
from coquo. (2) From kó\ov, food, as prepared in
it, U, as in Cunila, Ulysses, spUrius. (3) Where
eolunt i, e. cibos, they are busy about food. (4)
Caleo, calina. The hot room. U, as in cUlmus,
cUlcita.
Culmen, roof. See on Columen.
36
CUN
Culmus, stalk of corn. KdXauos, jE. kóXo/ios,
colmus.
Culpa, fault : blame. KAoirò, fraud ; transp.
KoXirà, as óxAos, #Axos, Vulgus : and culpa. Thus
Fraus is generally ' fault, offence, trespass, crime :'
Forcell. (2) From irAoicà, evasion, artifice, hence
crime in general. Transp. KoKvà, as 2,<pdyayoy be
came Qdayavov.
Culter, knife. From colo, cultum, to prune.
Properly, a pruning or vine knife. Ainsworth un
derstands it ' quo terram colebant.'
Culullus, pot, jug. KÚAi|, kóMkos, culiculus,
culuclus, culullus. (2) ' Cûleus: as Mamma, Ma-
milla:' Turneb.
Cuius, buttock. As tpilpbs, fUris, cuius from
KuKrj, the haunch.
Cùm, Quum, when. From koì bv i. e. xpóvov :
' And at what time.' As /uóotON, myrtUM.
Cum, with. 'Cum seems to imply time, and in
timates that some act or condition is contempora
neous with another mentioned. It is spelt quom in
an inscription quoted by Lanzi:' Class. Journ.
That is, at the same time at WHICH. (2) Con and
com from 6u— in òpA\yvpis, &c., or 6p.à in Hesy-
chius for 6/ioû, as Ceterus ab "Ertpos. (3) Some
refer it to arvv. 'Thus,' says Maittaire, 'Cucumis
is from 2ÍKV05 ; and the form of the Latin C and
the Greek C is the same.'
Cumbo. Allied to cubo.
Cûmëra, corn-basket. Xúc», Kexvuai, allied to
XiTos, ' shot out, heaped up,' Lidd. Or at once
from xvua> what is poured out. See Cumulus.
Era, as Patera.
Cuminum, cummin. Kiuivoy.
Cumulus, heap. As Humerus from M. Suop, so
cumulus from x<*P-°s, (as "Okoi, Oculus,) in Hesy-
chius, ' by whom it is explained aapbs, acervus,
cumulus:' Steph. Or even from ' the same
as x"M0* or X^aa' bustum ex humo fossili agges-
tum :' Id. Thus xUT^l V"a '8 ' a mound of earth : '
Lidd. (2) From kvu, kékv/uu, to swell, whence
Kvua.
Cûnae, cradle. From cunio, explained by Festus
' stercus facio,' i. e. from cœnum, as pCEna, pUnio.
' In quibus puerulie«ni«n<;' Facciol.— Rather 'cunce
is KOivaX, immundae,' Ainsw. (2) Cubo, cubitus:
Donldn.
Cunctor, I delay. From cunctus.—Riddle : ' To
seek out for every thing, in order to gain occasion
for delay.' Or to try all manner of expedients, and
to lose the time over them. Virgil : Quem mihi
vix frugum et pecudum custodia solers OMNIA
TENTANTI extuderat. The Greeks say iravTa XiOov
Kiveiv, to leave no stone unturned, to try every thing.
(2) For contor from contus. From a sailor sound
ing the shoals with his pole, and proceeding with
caution. But C is here left unaccounted for.
 CUN
Cunctus. For conjunetus.
Cuneus, wedge, llaigh : ' From xmvos, a cone ;
any thing ending in a point.' As Alveus, Ferreus.
Thus we have humerus from ''O./ios. (2) From
yoiv'm, an angle. Thus the French coin is hoth a
wedge and a corner. (3) Is. Voss : ' Ah Svts, Wis,
Svvti, porcinum caput.' C for the aspirate.
Cûnïculus, a rabbit : a mine, from its burrowing.
KovvÍkovXos Galen : kovvik\os Athen. and /Elian :
kvvikAos Polyb. The two latter call it a Spanish
word. (2) ' Dimin. from cuneus, as cleaving the
earth like a wedge : ' Ainsw. (3) Nugent from kíw,
am pregnant ; from its prolific nature. (4) Riddle
from Kvuy, Kvvás. ?
Cûnîla, savory. Kopitoj.
Cûnio. See Cunte.
Cùpa. For caupa, from caupo.
Cùpa, Cuppa, a cask. Allied to kútttj, ' a hole,
hollow, a kind of ship,' Lidd., to Kv&fia and kí/iíìt),
a bowl, and itífìri the head as round.
Cupêdiœ, nice dishes. From cupëdo which is the
same as cupldo. So cupedia is an immoderate desire
of dainty fare. (2) Cupio, edo. (3) Cupa, caupa.
As sold at taverns.
Cupella, a cup. From cupa.
Ciípïdo. Cupio, as Lubîdo.
Cupio. From kiWki, as Apio from Sirra. We
say To be inclined to do anything, and Inclination.
Cûpressus, cypress. Kinrdptfftros.
Cuprum, copper. From Cyprus, and called Ms
Cyprium.
Cur. Quare, our. (2) Cut rei.
Cura. Haigh from icSpos, (as ienpG%, cerA,)
authority, power : here, the office or administration
of power. ' Cura' says Riddle, ' connected with
Administrare, &c. denotes not only care, but rather
the office which one has to administer.' (2) But
Riddle ' from quarro, as Cur from Quare : Concern,
trouble/ (3) From Kovpw, as in êiriKovpw, to aid,
assist. Or from novpos : To take care of boys, as
TraiSeíu, òprpavíÇai. (4) James Bailey says : ' The
Latin Carpo, Ceterus, Caula, Cura are from the
jEolic and obsolete Kapiríà, K^repos, KavXa, K<ùpa, for
àpirû>, arepos, a&Xj), dSpa. The C being prefixed.'
See also on Caleo. And some think Cacumen is
similarly formed. Cura, as <pClpbs, fUris. (5) Cura
for corura, from cor uro. ? (6) But an old form of
euro was cœro: as some think mŒnia is mUnia
from litva. Better, as èffvépa, Patera, so cospi, to
take in hand, ccepera, carra, cura : then euro.
Curcûlio. See Gurgulio.
Cûrëtes, Cretan priests, Kipyres.
Curia, senate-house. Kvpía èKKK-qala. (2)
' Where public matters curantur:' Delph. Ed. (3)
Kovpiw, fut. of Kovpifa, to take care of.
Curiae, into which each Tribe was divided, and
which met at the Curiata Comitia. Derived like
37
CYB
Curia.—Voss thinks them called from the curiae or
chapels, where the priests curabant, attended to
sacred things, and were appointed as ministers to all
of them. But ?
Curio, who performed sacred rites ' pro curia,'
Fore. Also a crier of the court. Also, lean, re
duced cura.
Curiôsus, using ' nimiam curam.'
Cûro. See Cura.
Curro. Voss from xaipw, deduced by Scheid
from Keipa, carpo viam, and explained by rpéxoi in
the Etymol. M. in voc. vwxap. Fut. K&paui, K&ppu.
U, as cUlmus, cUlcita, mUlceo. (2) Karapéa,
KappeZ, M. Koppéai, (as arpOrbs jEol. for OTphrbs,
'Ov^ip for 'Av^p,) xoppâ, curro. So also pOrrum
from irpáffov, vpoLtrov, irAppov, TtOppov. Properly
said of running water, and the origin of our word
Current, which thus naturally and immediately
connects itself with the leading idea of the Verb.
Thus Virgil : Currenti in flumine : Amnes et in
aequora currunt. Auctor de B. Hispan.: Rivus
palustri solo currebat ad dextram partem. (3) Cor
rupted from Karopovw, Kappovœ, as Sterno from 2ro-
pivviai, 'S.Topvva. (4) Becman from KÍpm, to
meet with ; fut. nipou, Kvppa. But the senses do
not correspond.
Currûca, a hedge-sparrow;— a cuckold, resem
bling this bird which feeds young cuckoos laid in
its nest. From curro, as rpoxihos, ' probably the
wren,' Lidd., from rpéx"- Thus Cadûca, Lactúca.
Curru8. Curro. Properly said of the chariots
used in running the races.
Curtus, short, battered, mutilated. As ' from
fieipu, iidfioprat can be derived fioprbs, explained by
Hesych. a mortal man,' (Steph.) so from Ktipw,
KtKoprai is Koprbs, curtus, shorn, cut otf. So <p4pa,
iré(poprai, tpópros. (2) Kpovu, KiKpovrat, Kpovrbs,
Kovprès. Battered.
Cûrûlis, placed or riding in a chariot, for currulis,
as maMMa, maMilla; faRRis, faRina. (2) From
Cures, a Sabine town.
Curvus, crooked. From yvpbs, yvpFbs, as <S\Fa,
sylVa. C, as Twpvrbs, Corytus. (2) Kvprbs, M.
Kvpnbs, curVus, as kXiTùs, kMHìis, cliVus.
Cuspis, point of a weapon. From cudo, cusum.
' For the end of a spear is beaten out so as to end in
a point. As Csesum, Caespes, so cusum, cuspis: '
Voss. (2) Scheid from kú^is, kÌttítis, KÒairis, from
kÓtttw, k6^iû.
Custos, guard. From consto, costo, as vOltus,
vUltus. To stand by one, Lat. assistere, to assist.
Homer : irapeirrdfitvat Kaì à/ivi/eiy. (2) Riddle allies
it to euro. Say curd sto, as some derive Sacerdos.
Ciitis, kútos in use like ítkvtos; whence also
could be cutis, as 24>áXAw, Fallo.
Cyâneus, Cyathus. Kvávcos, Kvados.
Cybea, merchant-vessel. Kínrn, Hesych., some
 CYB
ship. (2) Allied to (xiffr),) KÍfi0v. (3) ' Some
think it was square, from kv/ìos, cube :' Fore.
Cybëbe, CfbSte, Cybium, Cyclas, Cyclïcus, Cycnus
or Cygnus. GR. Kvfáfrn, &c.
Cydônia mala, quinces. From the city of Cydon.
Cylindrus, cylinder. KiKivSpos.
Cyma, shoot. KSfta so used.
Cymatïlis, of the color kv/ìÍtuv, of the waves.
Cymba, Cymbium, Cynïcus, Cynôsûra, Cypânssus,
Cypërus, Cyprus, Cjftïsus. GR. KififSn, &c.
Cythërêa, Venus. Ovid : Veneri sacra Cythèra.
D.
Dactylus, Dœdalus, Daemon. AdxTv\os, SaiSaXos,
Dalmâtïca vestis, with sleeves, and first woven in
Dalmatia.
Dama, Damma, a doe. Scheide says : ' With the
Sicilians it was to/uos, Tap.pÁs, from rtito, intendo :
à cursu intension.' This is very probable, though it
seems conjecture. D, as in Demùm. (2) Ke/i/uàs,
M. refifièis, as Ktîvos, Dor. rijvos. A, as in mAgnus.
(3) From Scîfia, fear : i. e. a fearful thing. As K\tt-
èpov, M. tcXifBpov. In the passive sense of ' being
feared ' Seíjuara 6r)pâv occurs in Eurip.
Dâmascêna pruna, damsons, from Damascus.
Damnum, Damno. Adiravov, dapnum, damnum,
as STlvos soMnus. Adiravov is extravagant, hence
ruinous, &c. (2) Varro from demo. Deminum, (as
Domus, Dominus,) demnum, damnum, as 'Ewos,
Annus. (3) Donldn. from do, damenum, ' given :'
as Alumnus.
Dânista, Daphne. GR.
Daps, dàpis. Aah, Sats, as laPis. (2) Some
compare SáirTto, Sairdvri.
Dapsïlis, sumptuous. Acu|/iMjs.
Dardànâríus, who buys up commodities to sell
them dearer. From Dardanus, a magician, men
tioned by Pliny, Apuleius, &c. As magically netting
provisions. In Legg. xn. Tab. they were said
'fruges aliénas EXCANTARE.'
Dârîus, a coin. Adpetos.
De. From 8i', Sià, at an interval or distance off,
as Si' ò\íyov, Stà iroAAoû, and in compounds as Si-
tffTafmi, to stand apart from, like desisto. E, as evol,
evoE : potE from iro-rl : ferE and antE. (2) De
from Be, (as 0ei>s, Deus,) in oìipavóêe, &c.
Dea. 0eà, as Deus.
Dêbeo, I owe. For dehabeo, as Praehabeo Prsebeo,
Deago Dego. Riddle says, To have anything from
one, hence to owe. Or de is the opposite of habeo,
as in Deficio, and Debilis for Dehabilis.—Doderlein
refers this and debilis to Sea, ticiu, to want. ?
Dêbïlis, weak. For de-habilis. Unable.—Doder
lein from Sea, Seine, to want. ?
Dëcânus. From Decern.
38
DEL
Dëcas, sum of ten. Atxds.
Decern, ten. Aína, as Septem. As vvv was said
before vowels for vv, (Mattb. 42,) the Cretans may
have said Stxav tvSpts. So cÍkooíN is said. Hence
then might be decam, decern. See on Autem.
December, tenth month from March. Decern.
As September, Mulciber.
Dëcêri8. Aexiipris.
Dêcernrina, refuse. Cento, cernimen. As Exere-
mentum.
Dëcet, it is becoming. Adiaet and iS4v<re point
to 5tfo), deCeo, as trxcos, speCus. (2) Aok4u>, Sokcî:
Freund.
Dëcïraânus, tenth. Decern. The biggest. Ovid :
' Hie ductus supereminet omnes : Posterior nono est
undecimoque prior.' The Pythagoreans thought ten
the sacred number.
Dëcïmâna porta, the biggest, as above. Or as
guarded by the tenth legion.
Dëcïmânus limes, a cross-path of ten furrows.
Decern.
Dëcïmo, to take every decimum, tenth.
Dëcïmus. Decern, as Septimus.
Dëcïpula, snare. Decipio, as Muscipula.
Dêclîno. See Inclino.
Decor. From deceo.
Dëcrëpïtus, very old. From candles, which in
going out crêpant, make a crackling noise. So
De-sterto is to snore for the last time. And Gr.
imreKvtvKíís.—Or from fragile things, which from
their age, if moved about, make a ringing noise.
Dêcrêtum, decree. Decerno, to determine.
Dëcúplus, tenfold, StuairXovs.
Dëcûria, Dëcûrio. From decern.
Dëcus, a grace. From deceo.
Dëcussis, a coin decern assium, of ten asses, marked
with the letter X. And a crossing.
Dêdo, give up. Like Abdo.
Dèfendo. See Fendo.
Dëfïcio, to fail. De the opposite of facia. As
kirh in Gr. àire nreíì'.
Dêfriítum, new wine boiled down one-half. De-
fervitum, deferuitum. So Frumentum.
Dëgo. For de-ago, as Demo is De-emo. Dego
vitam, is ago vitam. De as in Deamo, and as « in
litTtixifa, to fortify completely.
Dein, for deinde. As Jù in.
Deinceps, one taken after another. Dein capio.
Dêlecto, I delight. Delicto from lacio; delectum.
So Oblecto.
Dëleo, destroy. The perf. levi is from obs. leo,
whence deleo. (2) De-oleo, as ab-oleo. Opposed
to oleo, to grow. So De-emo, Dëmo. (3) AnX.(a>,
I destroy.
Dëlîbëro, I argue, liber, free to choose, de, out of
arguments : or free to take my own course, ' ex
patiate free.' (2) Libera, I extricate a question.
 DEL
Dëlïbuo, I anoint. Atnos, oil. B, as raliies.
(S) AeíjSw, fut. Ai/Sû, to distil.
Dêlïcâtus : As Parens for parlens, delicatus for
deliciatus, (as Fastiglum and Fastigâtus,) i. e.
deliciis aptus aut addictus. (2) Delicto, like Allicio.
Delico 1, like Educo 1. Allured. (3) for deliquatus,
i. e. liquefacius. Cicero : Quos laetitise languidis
liquefaciunt voluptatibus.
Dëlïcise, luxuries, &c. From obs. delicto, like
allicio, illicio. See above.
Dëlïco, I explain. For deliquo, liquidum facio.
Delictum, a fault. Delinquo.
Dêlïro, go aside de lirâ, from the straight furrow.
(2) Aîjpoi, nonsense ; as lEnio, dellnio.
Delpluca mensa, elegantly wrought like that on
which the priestess at Delphi sat.
Delphin, Deltôton. GR.
Dêlûbrum. From deluo, (like Diluo,) as Polluo,
Pollubrum. Fronto : ' Delubrum, in quo homines
piacula sua deluunt.' Or as a fount before the
chapel where they WASHED with lustral water
before sacrificing.
Démens, mad. Like A-mens.
Démo, take away. De-emo, as Promo. See Emo.
Dêmum, at length. Formerly demus, from rri/ios,
then. Demum means also only : i. e. then, and then
only. ' Ita demum,' ' Ea demum,' &c. Others from
demo, i. e. to except.
Denarius, ten Asses : from
Déni, for decent, as Septêni.
Dënïcâles Feriae, on which a house was purified
de nece, from a death in it.
Dênïque, at last. For deinque : or for denuoque,
denuque.
Dens, from òSobs, òSóvros, 'Sovs, 'Sóvtos. But
others from edens, edentis, as òSovs from £5», SSa.
Or from réySa, to eat, transposed. Bailey from an
.(Eolic form fSruu, iSeis, Ihiwros.
Densus, thick. Aaohs, dansus, as in taNgo,
fraNgo, truNcus ; and dermis, as grAssus, grEssus.
Dënuo, afresh. De novo or nouo, as De integro.
Deorsum, downwards, for de-vorsum. De, as in
Despicio.
Dêpâlo, I make clear. Palam. So Propalo.
Depso, I knead. Ae\Jw.
Dëpiítor, am deputed : i. e. am cut off from others.
See puto.
Dêrivo, I turn rivum, a stream from its channel,
a word into another by inflexion.
Dësëro is opposed to sero, to join to : i. e. it means
to disjoin oneself from, to forsake.
Dëses, ïdis, who sits down idle : and Desidia.
Sedeo.
Dësïdëro, miss the absence of. Desido, desidere,
to fix my mind on a thing. As Considero, Reeupero,
Genero.
Dësôlo, I leave solum.
39
DIE
Destïno. As Retinaculum from a verb Retino,
are, from Retineo, and as Occupo, are, from Occa-
pio, so destina, are, from detineo : To hold fast
together, make steady, fix, determine, appoint. S
inserted, as in Obstinatus from Obtineo, in Suislineo,
&c. (2) Stino from lardvu, or aravva the Cretan
form of Tcmyu.
Destitue Opposed to statuo.
Dëtërior, worse. From detero, to lessen, impair,
through a word deter or detents. Horace : Laudes
deterere, whence Detrimentum.
Dëtestor, call the Gods to witness against. Or
I refuse to witness a deed.
Detrimentum, loss. Detero, trim. As Monitum,
Monimentum.
Deunx, uncis ; uncia de asse.
Deus. From ©ei>s, as 0eà, Dea ; and our Deer
and Door from 0i)p and @6pa, and our burTHen and
burDen, &c. (2) From Aiis, gen. of Zeúî. As
bEo from (3) Ztis.
Dextans, for desextans; an As wanting 2 ounces.
Dexter, Dextra. Ae|iTepbs the proper masc. of
Se|(Tepà, dextera, dextra.
Di— separates ; from 8m—.
Dïàbolus, Dïâconus, Dïádëma, Diseta, Diálectus,
Dialogus. GR.
Diâíis, belonging Ait, to Jove.
Diana (or DÏ-). For dia Jam, from Janus, who
was the Sun as Jana the Moon. See Dijovis.
Dïâpâsôn, octave. Aià iraffûy.
Diârium, diary, &c. Dies.
Diastema, Diatrïbë, Dïca. GR.
Dïcax, witty. Dtco, as Sâgio, sâgax.
Dïcis causa, for form's sake, Sí/trçs.
Dïco, as. Auccù, i. e. SiKaû, Sixdaa fut. of Sucdfa,
to decree, assign.
Dico, is. Aetna, |w, ' to tell,' Lidd. Properly to
show. Thus to show the way is to tell the way.
St. Luke 6. 47 : 'I will show [or tell] you to whom
he is like.' Deut. 32. 7 : 1 Ask thy father, and he
will SHOW thee; thy elders, and they will TELL
thee.' So 1 Sam. 9. 6, ' SHOW us our way ;' 8,
' TELL us our way.' Dico, says Voss, is merely to
show the thoughts of my mind. Euripides : róyS'
4(Hllx7]vev Káyov. Compare tpaivw and fn/íb
Dicrotum, Dictamnus. GR.
Dictërium, a sharp saying. AijKT^pioc. Juvenal:
Joco mordente. (2) Aeurripiov. ?
Dicto. Dico, dictum.
Dictynna, Diana. Miervvm.
Dido. As dedo, addo.
Dïdymseus, Apollo. AiSu/iaîbs.
Diêrectus, sub dio erectus, hung up in the open
air. Becm. says, die erectus. (2) E rectâ viâ di-
vergens. (3) ' I dierecte, go and be hanged. It
seems Greek, i. e. ímfli SiAfrbnicrt, i. e. òiro^ayeÍTjr,
may you burst asunder : ' Salm.
 DIE
Dies. From Aiiis, whence ZvlSios is ' in mid-day,'
and Jupiter is called Diespiter as being the father of
day. Macrobius : ' Jovem LUCETIUM Salii in
carmine cannnt, et Cretenses diem A/o vocant.'
Hec. 699 : ovkít' uvra Atbs iv ipdtL.
Differtus, stuffed. From farcio.
Digitus, finger. From a word taxerhs from
SííicvvpLL, to point out. With which we point.
' Digito monstrabitur, Hie est : ' Juv. The fore
finger was particularly called íetKTixòs. (2) For
thigitus (as ©e!>s, Deus,) from 9'r/w, to touch with.
(3) From SeWros. Each finger being one of ten.
Dignor. Digmim puto.
Dignus, soft for dicnus, (as cyGnus from kvKvos,)
from ZÍkti. Sophocles : AÍKaiós «ijui tûvV àirtìWd-
X"n irSywy, Digitus sum ut, &c. (2) ' Digitus,
what is shown : Stixw : ' Donldn. ?
Drjovis, Jupiter. Dius Jovis, as Dia-Jana, Diana.
Dîlâpïdo, ' to clear a place lapidum, of stones. So
fig. the spendthrift disperses the very stones of his
house. Or from his property being sold by an
auctioneer sitting on a stone, whence De lapide
emtus : ' Dumesn. ' To throw stones at and demo
lish : ' Fore. In 2 Kings 3. 19 : ' Mar every good
piece of land with stones.' Or from the stones of a
building falling to pieces. (2) Aià and AairaSâ
from \curd(u, I waste, whence àA.a7ra8i<(ís. A, as
machina.
Dïïïgens, opposed to Nec- or Neg-ligens.
Dîlïgo. Lëgo, I choose apart from.
Dîlûculum, dawn. Luce, as titavydfa.
Diluvium, deluge. Diluo, diluium. So fluVius,
proluVies.
Dïmïco, I fight. ' Diversim mico, to make the
swords glitter : ' Dumesn. ' As controversies were
determined micando digitis, by moving the fingers
up and down quickly, so also micando gladiis : '
Forcell. (2) Atafiaxw, tiiafidxofmi.
Dîtmdius, half. Divisus in medio. Or Sià, as in
Dimico, &c.
Dioecêsis, Diogmïtse, Dionysia, Dionysus, Diôta,
Diphthongus, Diploma, Dipsas, Diptôta, Diptycha.
GR.
Dïrse preces, curses : Deae, the Furies. Dims. (2)
Dirœ for Deum irœ.
Dîrectârius, house - breaker. Ataf5^fj(cT7jî, who
breaks through.
Dîrîbeo, I distribute. As diimo, diRimo, for
dihibeo (as Redhibeo) or diibeo. (St) Aiafátipéa,
from StajS^ÍTrrù», as &n&a>, amBo. See the last.
Dîrîmo, for diimo, as Adimo. R, as nuRus, mu-
saRum.
Dims. From Seîos, fear, through an adj. Setepbs,
formidable. (2) Soft for dinus from Scivís.
Dis— in compounds. From Sis or SioWs. Bp.
Butler : ' Dis bears the sense of separation, as when
a thing is made into two pieces.' (2) For duis.
40
DIU
(3) From diversim : Dumesn. (A) Or shall we
say that 5!s follows Sto-ri(a, though 2 belongs to
the latter part of the word ?
Dis, dîtis. Dives, divitis.
Discilpêdïno. See Intercapêdo.
Discepto, to debate. Caplo argumenta, causas,
diversim. (2) AiooWittu, ofiat.
Discepto, I arbitrate. I.e. I debate or reason with
myself. See above. Or I take up the arguments
on either side. Or capto like capio is to choose.
Discïdium, separation. Discindo, scidi.
Disciplina. Discipulina from
Discïpûlu8. Disco. As Manipulus.
Disco. Scaliger from Sda, SdffKa, as Pda, fidffKw.
So strlngo from OTpKyya. Ada, whence Saf/vai, to
learn. (2) ù«!a, So'«». (3) Atdxa, says Liddell,
is from Situ. Now, as from Hio is Ilisco, so from
Sia may be Si<rna>, disco, to pursue after, gain in
formation.
Discrimen. Here crimen is from Ktupifitvov,
(allied to which is Kplpu,) from nplya, whence KÍpvw,
cerno, to distinguish, decide. Hence discrimen is
difference, distinction, decision, risk of battle which
decides the issue, &c. Or crimen is for cernimen
from cerno, as Novimen, Nomen. Decernere ferro
Mn. 2. 218. Cerno, to look at, is properly to dis
tinguish objects.
Discus, a quoit. Aiaxos.
Dïsertus, clear, expressive. Sero, to join. Well
arranged.
Dispáro, sever. Par, as Separo, comparo.
Dispenno, stretch out. From the pennœ, wings
and flight of birds. (2) Pando, dispendo, dispen-
dino.
Dispesco. See Compesco.
Dissïdeo. From Sedeo.
Dissïpo, scatter here and there. So Insipo, Ob-
sipo. Festus mentions sipo, jacio ; supo, jaceo.
Siipo we will suppose the original word, to throw,
and (as ôxiij, Salis,) to be from ìnrS>, i. e. înréw,
xmívm, to remit, to relax : hence to let go, to send,
cast. (2) Seico, to shake, siPo, as \âas, laPis ; Saîs,
Sots, daPis.
Distïchon, couplet. AÍo-tixov.
Distinguo. See Exstinguo.
Dïthyrambus, dithyramb. GR.
Dïtio, dominion. Forcellini : ' In some Gloss.
dido, à Sise?;, jus, judicium, [or prescriptive, heredi
tary right,] but Voss brings it from dis, ditis for
divitis.' In the last case I ought to be long. For
the C see on sauCius.—Or for ducio from dux, ducts,
like Regio. Thus llbens and lUbens were both
said. Cicero : ' Ducis imperio parebant, ditionem
amplificabant.'
Dîto, I enrich. Dis, ditis.
Diu. By day, from dies, whence Interdiu. Also,
all the day, or during many a day, for a long time.
 DIV DRA
Dives. From Divas. Like a god in ease and as 0eì>í, Deus. To round by cutting and chipping,
affluence. Plautus : ' Dei divites sunt, Deos decet (a) Allied to Sda, Saíw, SaAAu : Ridd. Add
opulentia.' SaiòáWa, 5ai$a\w.
Dïvïdia, grief. Virgil : Animum nunc hue, nunc Dolo, ônis. AóXav.
dividit illuc. Dolus, D5ma. AÓAos, Aû/j.a.
Dîvïdo. For difido from fido, findo. (a) From Domïcilium. Domus. (a) Domus, colo.
ìBiáu, FiStâ, from FlSios, whence vidua. I dropt, as Dômïnor. From Dominus.
Parens for Pariens, Facesso from Facio. V, as fipos, Dômïnus. From domus. The proprietor of a
Frjpos, Veris. house. Or domus, dominor, dominus. (a) From
Dïvïno, I predict. For this is divinum, the domo, to subdue under one's power.
property of the Gods. Domnsedius. Dominus œdium.
DIvinus, relating to the Dim, Gods. Domo, I subdue. Aa/iS.
Dîvïtiaî. Dives, divitis. Domus, a house. Aó/ios.
Dium, the sky, open air. I. e. coelum. See dim. Donee. From dumque, says Riddle. That is,
(2) Atbs, of Jove. domque, donque, doneq, donee, as Atque, Atq, Ac.—
Diurnus. Diu, as Nocturnus. But donicum was the old word, and dum is rather a
Dîus, divine. Aios. contraction of donicum, as Vis of Volis, &c. As we
Diûtïnus, Diuturnus. Diu. have Tamquam, Tanquam, so also tumquum (as
Dîvus, a God. AîFos, divine. Ovid : 0 utinam turn dim, &c. Cic. Off. 1, 29 : turn
Do. Aó(a, S«, Sútrat. cùm gravibus &c.) or tunquum, tuncum. Now for
Dôceo. AeÍKùt, SeíÇu are for Se/co>, 8é£eo, SeSo/ca, euphony pro became mina, <?<pi slbi, tri<p\â sibllo,
whence in a new sense So/ce'ai, doceo. Thus Herodo à<ncM)irioî sescUlapius, fiiicKai macUlse, T/inrbv
tus has 8i«'B6|e, Ò7ro8ex9Évra, &c. Riddle rightly tEmetum, and perhaps memlni from /tEppw, and
compares the formation of Moneo. — Ainsworth our plant periwinkle from pervinca or pervincula :
says : ' From Soxéa, existimo, whence Sóyfiara, so tuncum became tunicum or dunicum, as Demùm
placita et décréta doctorum.' ? from T^juos ; then donicum, as sOboles for sUboles.
Dochïmus, a foot like docêrêmïnî. Aóx/uos. —Ainsworth from dum cùm.
Docïlis. Doceo, as Habilis. Dònïcum. See Donee.
Doctrina, Documentum. Doceo. Dôno. From donum.
Dodra, a potion made up of nine materials. Dônum. Soft for dorum, Swpov. Or from do,
' Dodra ex dodrante est,' Auson. As Arrha from domenon, as Auctumnus, &c.
Arrhabo. Dorcas, a doe. Aopxis.
Dôdrans, -fa of an As. De-quadrans, deaudrans : Dormio. As from olxos a house is oMu to dwell
i. e. a quadrans taken de asse. See Dextans, Qua- in a house, and Contemplor is to view a Templum
drans. or augural space in the sky ; so from Sippa, a skin,
Doga, a vessel. Aox<£. could be dermio or dormio, to sleep on a skin.
Dogma, a dogma. Aóy/ía. Homer : iv KÚeffiv olûv éSpaBev. And eE8', inrb 8'
Dolâbella, Dôlâbra, chip-axe. Dolo. isTpano j>ivbv fìoós. Virgil : Ovium sub nocte
Dôleo. Properly to endure ; and allied to, or silenti Pellibus incubuit stratis somnosque petivit.
at once from, Tdkiu, whence réthas. D, as Tij/noj, 0, as in pOndus, vOrtex, cOrcyra. Aapddva is
Demùm ; fìasrbv, vaDum. Then dOlui, as dOmui similarly from Se'pai, èSápd-nv.
from SA/ida. Eo, as /iaSAil, madEO. Or more Dos, dôtis, dowry. Ads. (a) Do.
nearly allied, through an obsolete verb, to To\/ida, Dorsum, the back. As Quoversum, Quorsum ; so
Tolero, Tuli, Tollo. (a) Haigh from 66\os, whence devorsum, dorsum, turned away from the part in
a word floAew, to be disturbed : as &tbs, Deus. front, (as Deversor is ' de viâ decedo,' Forcell.) and
Dôlium, cask. Voss from dolo, as Homo, Hûma- thus opposed as our word Back to the Front. ' The
nus : v. v. ôdi, odium. Vas dolatum. (a) Rather back of any thing or the part (aversa) turned from
from iSiíXiov, sedes, which may have been used in us,' says Forcellini in explaining Tergum : and ' in
the sense of the ' Sessilis obba ' of Persius, ' having aversd seu posteriore equi parte ' on Averta. Or,
a broad bottom, and easily standing by itself,' (as De in Devexum,) sloping downwards evenly and
Forcell. Thus éSjrijetî and èSpáìos are Sessilis. gradually, Gr. Stttiov, properly applicable to qua
Besides, ?8os is Simulacrum ; WSpvvpia is Delubrum ; drupeds.
êdáXiov is oÏKriixa: (Steph. 3495.) So that these Dossuârius, carrying loads on its back. For
words went beyond their original confined sense of dorsuarius.
Sedes. Drachma, Draco. Apaxf^t Apiitwv.
Dolo, hew, chip. ©o\wtì>s is explained KvXtvSpu- Drácônârius, who bore an ensign representing a
rbs (Steph. 4300) from BoXów, 0o\â, whence dolo, dragon. Draco.
41 F
 DRA ECC
Dragantum, gum-dragant. Corrupted from rpay- Apvubs is a coppice or thicket. And drumus would
in a Roman's mouth easily fall into dumus, as
Drama, Drâpëta. Apâfia, ApcnrerTjy. flagRum, flagllclluin, flagellum : and even the So-
Draucus, i. q. xlyaiSos. ' From Spdw, ago : ' Fore. Hans softened tPotI into vor\, ffKrjirrPoy into tr/cair-
U, as in claUdus. (SI) Liddell says : ' TiTpúiTKw, tov.—Still, if the S must be accounted for, then
to wound, akin to ropíu, rpdat, rtTpaiyu, to bore with Voss we can better deduce dusmus from Sva,
through : hence rpav/ia.' The latter points to a $ctiv<rpicu, (whence Sucru-ì),) to go into a place of
word rpavw, rirpavKa, whence could be rpavKÒs, concealment : ' Quia subeant eò animalia ut lateant.'
draucus. Thus ' rpav/xa, sensu venereo, Apollon. A fit place for such retreat, as Virgil : In dumis
Lex.:' Steph. 9154. interque horrentia lustra : Sylva horrida dumis atque
Dromas, Spo^às, whence Dromedarius. ilice nigra.
Drômo, a yacht. Apóuos, a running. Duo, two, Sio.
Drôpax, depilatory medicine. GR. Duplex, plicis, twofold. Duo plica, as Triplex,
DRUNGUS, ' soldiers drawn up in the form of a Simplex. (2) AÍttA.o£. U, as in Duplus.
wedge : in Vopiscus and Vegetius ; nevertheless it is Dûplus, double. AnrXovs.
a barbarous word : ' Fore. Dûrâteus, Dûrius, wooden. Aovodrtos, Soipios.
Druppa, Drupa, an olive gathered when beginning Dûrus, Dûro. From Sovpv. Durus, hard as
to turn color on the tree. Apínre-ty, acc. dpinreira, timber.
contr. Spínrira, Spina, ripened on the tree. Dux, ducis. As Rex, Regs, for Regens, dux or
Dryades, Dryads. ApvdBes. dues for ducens.
Duâlis. Duo, as vEqualis. Dynastes, a lord. AiWotijs.
Dûbïto, I doubt. Some from dubius. But Dys— : all these words are Greek.
rather from duo, beta to go.
Dubius. For duvius: standing between (duas E.
vias) two roads, $i<rTd(wv. Or from duo : the B E, for Ex, as Ab, A.
like V in Exuviae, Diluvies. Ea. Like Eum, Earn, Eo. Judging from » and
Dûcêni. Duo-centeni. tu, we may suppose ea soft for ia, eum for turn, &c.
Dûco. As tpClpbi, fUris, so duco from 'Swxa, Jam also is iam. Stephens gives to so the sense of
88£ku from &66*t, ZSatKa, formed like Vcyfiita from ' una eademque,' one and the same. This may be
réyriKa, Tletpinu from Tltcpvica. The 0 neglected, applicable to ia, ea. Dr. Johnson explains She
as in Dentes from 'OS6vrts ; Ramus from "Opa/iyos. ' the woman before mentioned,' i. e. the one and the
2) From Sí'lkw, Se'Soxo, whence Sokeoi, Doceo, and same. We find in Homer tV uìy soc OrjKey
( like fxovyoi and uovvów from fíóyos) SovkÍw, Sovkw, ÍTrev^dfievos : where tV lay is iam or earn. (2)
duco. To show the way. Ia cut down from ilia, after the French mouillé
Dûco, estimate, think, as &ya>, rryéop.ai, and system, which partly appears in SaAos, alius. Volis
otouai, oïuai. became Vis, Modus Mos, Apud Ad, &c.
Dûdum, a long while. For diudum. Bum, as in Ebrius, drunk. Ebibo, ebibrius, ebrius, as Sobrius.
Adesdum, Ehodum, probably soft for turn. Arnold See Manubrium and Proprius. (2) From bria, a
says : ' Dum restricts the meaning, as in vixdum, cup, which Becman makes a goblet full of wine,
nondum.' from fipvu, to teem.
Duellum, battle between two persons or armies. tt Ebulum, dwarf-alder, .
Duo. Ebur, ivory. 'E\4<pas, JE. 4\(<pap, contr. to c<pap,
Duim, — dem. Aolnv, Stfav. (as Insimus, Imus,) then ebor, as fiappApos, marmOr,
Dulciârius, pastrycook. Dulcia coquens. and &/u4>o>, am Bo ; or M. i\t<j>Op, ebllr, as irAi'j,
Dulcis. As IUicio, so delicio, whence deliciœ. TrOi'p, pUer. Or ixíípop, (\<pop, é<fxpop : then as
Hence delicti, delcis, dulcis, as vEllo, vUlsus. (a) "Ikkos, equus. Elbur, says Schw. (2) From è barro.
As Aâ Mo\. for To, 80 y\vicbs, yv\Kùs, (as Tdp<pos Ecastor, jEcastor. Per œdem Castoris. See
from Tpt<pu, coagulo,) SvKkìs, dulcis. (3) Aevxos, Edepol. (2) En Castor.' See Eccere. <
Sí'Akoj : Schw. (A) @cKyw : Freund. Pf. mid. Ecca. Ecce ea.
T(0o\ya. As Oiiis, Deus. Ecce, lo ! En-ce, as Hicce : Gr. ten. Donaldson
Dum. For donicum. (St) Thy, like Turn, q. v. says he does not know another instance of the N
Dum-, Dun-taxat, only. Dum taxât aliquis hoc into C, yet it is the custom of the language in com
unum, if one takes into the account, &c. pounds, and in this particular instance of it may be
Dûmus, a bush. Forcellini says : ' They deduce an éíira£ Keyófj.eyov.
it from $pv[jt}ts, transp. Svpfibs, durmus, then dusmus Eccëre, Ecëre, by Ceres. For Edcere, i.e. per
and dumus. In fact, Dusmoso in loco was an eedem Cereris. See Ecastor, Edepol. (2) En! Ceres!
expression of L. Andronicus, as Festus asserts.' (3) Ecce res ! ?
42
 ECC
Ecclêsia, Ecdïcus, Eohënêis, Echidna, Echinus,
Echo, Eclipsis, Ecloga. GR.
Ecquis. For et quia. (2) For en quia, or ecce
quia.
Ecstasis, Ectypus. GR.
Edentulus, with the teeth out. Dena.
Edëpol. Per œdem Pollûcia. (2) En Deus
Pollux!
Edëra. See Hedera.
Edttus, brought out, conspicuous. Do.
ëdo, I eat. "ESm.
êdo, I give out. As Addo, Indo.
Ediico. From dûco, as nûbo, connûbium. (3)
Dux, ducia.
Edyllium, Idyllium, idyl. EtSvWioy.
Effertus, crammed. Farcio.
Effêtus, past bearing, exhausted. Fmtua.
Effïcax, Effigies. Facio, Fingo.
Effûtio. See Futilia.
Egeo, I want. Aristophanes has robs ovk %x0VTas-
I suppose a word àexéu, like ovk %xa> much like
àría, àri/xáai. Then, as Temero is from àSé/iepos,
and Moereo perhaps from àpoipéw, and see Milvus ;
so from àex«o is echeo, or egeo, as Xvrrà, Gutta.
Thus Dumesnil, without reference to derivation,
explains egeo ' not to have.' See Mark 4. 25. (a)
From a word iyxàa, iyxtdvw, like X"^va>> to look
greedily after, Lat. inhio. Thus madEO from /mSAa ;
and the r dropt, as in puMilus for puGMilus. (3)
'HxV> V">s, needy : Ridd. 'Hxwéu, foea.
Ego, I. 'Eyd.
Egrëgius, eminent. E grege.
Ehe, Hehe, alas ! *E t, alas !
Ehem, and Eheu. The same as hem and heu, to
add force to the sound. Or thus, Hem hem, Heu
heu; Hehem, Heheu. See Ehe. So Eho from á
aspirated, as Hei from ci.
Eho. See in Ehem.
Eia, Eja, ho ! on ! Eîo.
Ejûlo, I wail. As Ustulo, Postulo, so from hei,
alas, is heiulo or hejulo, as eia, eJa. Compare Jubilo.
H dropt for softness, as Hansa, Ansa.
Ejus. See Cujua.
Elëcëbra. As IUecebra.
Electâria, electuaries. "EkMikto, as Adversa,
Adversaria.
Electo, wheedle. Elicio, allicio.
Electrum, amber. "HAem-pop.
slogans, êlïgans, choice : as Eloquens. Properly,
actively, qui eligit. Thus Duco 3 makes Educo 1.
Elëgeia, Elëgus, Elëlêïdes. GR.
Elëmenta. As vOster, vEster; tOsta, tEsta;
yOvv, gEnu ; so elementa for olementa from oleo, to
grow, much as Monimenta. The first principles
from which all other things take their growth. (2)
For alementa, from aleo, as in coaleo. (3) "TAij,
vAtjfxa: Ridd.
43
EMP
Elenchus, Elëphantus, Elëphas, Eleuthëriâ. GR.
EHces, gutters. Eliciunt aquam.
Elïcio, Elïdo, Elimino. From lacio, lœdo, limen.
Elixus, boiled down. Elicio, elixi, elixum. Forced
out. (2) Lix, water. (3) Liqueo, lixi, or Liquo,
lixi, whence Liquor 3, to melt.
Ellum. En ilium.
Ellychnium, wick. 'EWixviov.
Elòco, straightway, as ai/TÓdei/, and as Plautus
Nunc ex hoc loco ibo. See Illico.
Elogium, terse saying, title. 'From ^AAjfyiov : '
Steph. Ind. 184. (2) From ÌK\oyeìoi>, a selection
of the most important particulars.
Elops, Hclops, some fish. "EXatfi.
Eloquens. E, loquor: as Elegans.
Elûcus, half-asleep, drowsy ; or suffering from the
effects of a debauch ; or a blunderer. Also the
substantive of this. Some say from àAúa>, to
stumble ; from favyn, darkness ; or as taking lucem
ex oculis, the light from the eyes, making one only
half-awake. I prefer é'wAos, suffering as above, or
rather a form èvAtubs from èasAÍÇu, whence i\aucbs,
cKipxbs, and elûcua, as <pClpbs, f Uris.—'H/iÍAvkos.
Elutrio, cleanse by using one vessel after another.
Elutua, cleansed.
Elûvies, sewer, torrent. Eluo, as washing away
filth, &c. So Colluviea. We say Draught from Draw.
Elysium. 'HAiiffioK.
Em. For eum.
Emblêma, Emboltmseus, Embolium. GR.
Embractum, panada or caudle. As ï/i^u, amBo,
for emphractum, which some read; ín<ppaKrov.
' Made of materials pressed close together and
made solid:' Fore. Certainly <Tvfi(ppdo-<ra is 'to
press or pack closely together,' Lidd. And from
(ppoLKrbs is Lat. farctua. Thus Forcellini explains
Fertum, a rich cake, ' quòd pluribus variisque rebus
farciretur.'
Emïneo. See Mineo.
Emïnus, opposed to Cominus, q. v.
Emissârius, a spy. Emiaaua.
Emo, from a word lixw, to make my own, from
4fi6s; like o-<pcT€pifa, to make one's own, appro
priate. Hence to take to myself, as we find in Ex-
emo, Eximo; De-emo, Demo; Proemo, Promo ;
Sub-emo, Sumo; Adimo, &c. Then, to make my
own by purchase, to buy. But, says a friend, what
of emia, THOU buyest ? In the same way that
masculA is used for the feminine. To Combine
from Binus is said of many things. And we say
' Mary's book ' for ' Mary her book,' as well as
' Henry's book ' for ' Henry his book.'
Emôlûmentum, toil, from molior.
Emolûmentum, profit. Emolu: i.e. the grist of
the mill.
Emphasis, Emphyteusis, Empïrîcus, Emplastrum,
Empôrêtïca, Emporium, Emporus. GR.
 EN
En, lo ! 'Hj/1 and ifv.
Encaustus, a picture done with fire. "Eyicavovos,
burnt in.
Endo, in. "EySov, ?c5o\ See A.
Endôpërâtor, as Imperator. Endo.
Endrômis, Engônâsi. GR.
Enim. Short for etnim, i. e. et nam, or namque :
as in Quianam, Quisnam : and thus Et-enim. As
Equidem probably for ETquidem ; comlnùs for
comAnùs.
Ennósïgaeus, Neptune. GR.
Enormis : è norma.
Ens, entis, being. ' Elui is in Doric imà, of
which we have a participle eh, ívtos : ' Lidd. So
Matthia; 212.
Ensis. 'Eyxos was sometimes a sword : Brunck,
Aj. 658. Enchis, enhis, ensis, as XaiYa, Hseta,
Sasta. Thus also Xo'pror, Hortus; "tnep, Huper,
Super. See the formation of Brevis.
Entheâtus, inspired. "EvSeos, 4vBed(a, or obs. da.
Enthëca, Entheiis, Enyo. GR.
Eo, I go. "Ew, etui.
Eò, thither. Abl. of is. So Quo. We say There
for Thither. And the Greeks oï, iroî, for mp.
(3) Quo, eh for Quom, eom i. e. locum : the m
elided.
Eôs, Eôus. GR.
Ep— : All mere Greek down to
Epûlae, a feast. As Disco, Discipulus, so edo,
edipulce, epulœ. (2) "Eirw, ifuptra, to prepare
victuals.
Eques. From equus. For the Equités or Knights
see Adam's Rom. Antiq.
Equïdem. Usually deduced from ego quidem ; but
I prefer et quidem, like Et-enim. Equidem is not
found invariably with the first person of the Verb.
Equîso, a groom. From equus.
Equus. "hreros, jEol. ìkkos, Ikoì, ëquus, as é'iTo/uti,
ïKo/j.at, seQUor, and the aspirate dropt as in"EA«os,
Ulcus. (2) As yOvv, gEnu, so equus from òx», to
mount.
Eram. "Eyy, M. ím, eRaM, as musaRuM.
Eranus, Erato, Erebus, Erêmus. GR.
Eres, Hères, hedge-hog. Xfy>, xvpòs, hères, as
4>eS, Heu.
Eretria, a ceruse. Found about Eretria.
Ergà. The Gr. bpylf, ' animi inclinatione ad.'
'Opyi] is is used by Herodotus, though in the com
mon sense of the word. 'Ad' can be omitted, as in
Versus (ad), Versùm (ad). O, as tOsta, tEsta. (2)
Freund allies it to vergo.
Ergastûlum, a prison work-house. 'EpyAÇo/iuu,
típyaoTiu, to work, whence ipya&rhptov.
Ergo. In the sense of Therefore, from &pay' mv,
the N omitted, as in Plato from TWkroiv, and E for
A, as irAer<ra\os, pEssulus. In the sense of On
account of, Because of, (as in Nepos, ' Ejus victoria;
44
ESS
erjfo Apollini donum dédisse,') ergo is referred to
tpyv, by the fact of, by the occasion of. And we
might understand the former sense by an ellipsis :
(illius) ergo, on account of that : indeed it is not so
likely that ergo should have two origins.
Ericius, Ereceus, Hericius, hedgehog ; engine
with spikes. From eres, as Pellis, Pellicius and
Pellecius. See Erinaceus.
Erigo. See Rego.
Erinaceus, Herin. : hedgehog. Ileres and eres,
erinus, as Marinus.
Erinnys, a Fury. 'Eptyyis.
Ero. As esit for erit is in the xn. Tabb., ero
may be for eso, (as arboR for arboS,) from (it, iaa>,
(aofiat. (2) As vouiaw, vofxiw, so taw, iâ, eRo, as
fSw, uRo. (3) Formed from eram, as Amabam,
Amabo.
Erro, wander. Liddell : '"Eppa, the Lat. erro :
to wander without object ; strictly of a halting gait,
whence Hephaistos is called éppwv, limping. To go
or come to ruin.' So <p8eipo/iai is to wander:
Bloraf. on Pers. 457.
Erûca, palmerworm. Erro, errûca, as Caduca,
Lactûca. Dr. Johnson : ' Palmerworm : supposed
to be so called because he WANDERS over all
plants.' (2) Eruo, to pluck up. (3) jErûgo, œru-
gica as Manica; then œrûca, as it is also read.
Which eats away like rust.
Eructo, eructate. Ructo from ipevKrcia, w,
'ptvKTÛ, formed from 4pe6yto, ^ptvKrai. Or tpvurdw,
since we find ipiryiLii\os, tyvyydvu.
Ersidio, instruct. Bring out è rudi statu.
Ervum, vetch. Acc. opofiov, ópfìoy, as acc. olyON,
vinUM. V, as Vadum, Voro. E as tOsta.
Erythrinus, a roach. GR.
Es. Eîr, as Íot, Est. Es, imperative, tiro, to'.
Esca, food. Edo, esum, whence esica, as Manica,
Modica ; then esca.
Escit or with Faber Escet, shall be. "Eirice, he was.
Esim. See Sim.
Esìíto, I eat oft. Edo, esum.
Esox, Isox, a large fish of the Rhone. "Iirof in
Hesychius.
Esse. As Malere, Malle ; Velere, Velle ; ò2Tô,
oSSa, so from fence, he was, or obs. íaxic, might be
escere, esre, esse. (2) Esum anc. for sum ; esere,
esse. (3) From essem, if that was prior ; on the
model of Amarem, Amare.
ESSEDA, a Belgic and British war-chariot.
Belgica, says Virgil ; Britanna, Propertius.
Essem. 'Eaaoiurpi, contr. iawnv, essem. Or an
active form ícr<rotfí. (2) Escerem from 6<r«e or
taxa. Then esrem, essem. (3) Esse, essem, as
Amare, Amarem.
Essentia. A word coined by Cicero from esse.
(2) Ens, entis ex: for exentia, ecsentia. V. v.
rptSShs, rptSós.
 EST
Est, he is. 'Eo-t'.
Est, he eats. Edit, editis ; edt, edits, were soft
ened to est, estis, much as aDcesso, aRcesso.
Estrix, Estus. Edo, estum. See Est.
Esûrio. Edo, esûrus. I will to eat. As Spdffa,
ipeurelw.
Et. "Eti, Ít, yet farther. Herod. : cri 8c tSiv
\olirmv. Longin. : èrt 8« tÍxovs- Medea 1099 :
tri S" Ik roirrav. (2) E?th, cIt. (3) T« trans
posed. ?—Et is also ' even,' like koí.
Etënim. Et enim, xal yip.
Etêsiee, Ethìcus, Ethnïcus, Ethos. OR.
Etiam. Etjam. As Quoniam is Quonjam.
Etsi, even if. Et si, el koí.
Etymon, the Ïtviiov, true origin.
En, well done. Eî.
Evan, Bacchus. EiW.
Evangëlium, the Gospel. TZbayyiMov.
Evax, huzza. Eùtí^iu, eùáfio, to cry out Bacchus.
Evergânese trabes, in Vitruvius. ' From evtpyris,
[as Supervacanese,] as being elegantly wrought.
(2) From Evergo : as jutting out or inclining to one
side:' Fore.
Euge, bravo. E&ye.
Eugëniae, an excellent kind of grape. Eòt€«io,
nobleness.
Eugepse, well done. E&ye ira or trai.
Eugïum, * medium foramen tov alSotov yvvaitceiov.
ab ebyewy, fertile : vel ab evSíaiov, (as our solDIer,
solJer,) foramen : ' Fore.
Evius, Bacchus. Eíïoj.
Eumënïdes, Eunûchus', Evœ, Eurîpus, Eurus, Eu
terpe. GR.
Ex, from. 'EJ.
Exágòga. 'E^ctywyi/, ê£aycoyevs.
Examen. From iÇait/ifvov, connexum, as we find
in Virgil of the bees ' per mutua nexis,' and in
Seneca, ' Examen nectitur densum globo.' Or ex-
apio, exapimen. It is also the beam of a balance, as
that from which the scales are appended. (2) In the
first sense Riddle understands it as exagmen ; in the
second as exagimen from exago .- A means of ex
amining any thing. Stocker compares exagimen,
exagmen, as said of bees, with ' Emissum agmen ' in
Georg. 4. 58. 'E£ayfi4i/oi> is ' emissum,' and could
itself produce examen.
Exantlo, empty, exhaust ; bear, endure. 'E|ovr\£.
Some read exanclo, from obs. anculo, (see Ancilla,)
to wait upon, serve.
Excello. See Cello.
Excelsus, high. See Celsius.
Excëtra, the Lernean hydra. Servius from ex-
cresco, excrëtum; as, on one head being cut off,
three grew up in its place. For excRelra, as fla-
gRellum, fragRito, hVotX dropt the R for softness.
And e, as pronúba, inffla, edûco.
Excïdium. Ab excido.— Riddle from excido, as
45
EXI
dûco produces edûco, and nûbo makes connubium.
So Excisurum urbem Mn. 12. 762.
Excrëmentum, bran, refuse. Excerno, to sift,
excernimentum or excretimentum.
Excûso. Causa, a plea.
Exëcror, give up as sacrum, cursed; devote to
the infernal gods.
Exëdra, piazza. 'EféSpa.
Exemplum, sample. From ex amplo. Selected
from a mass. As inArmis, inErmis. (2) Exemo,
exemulum, exemlum, and for euphony, exemplum,
.as B in aifiBKoy, and French nomBre for, nomre. Or
exemplum, exemptulum, exemptlum. (3) Hesychius
has e^ofiirKov Tow: which Scheid deduces from
ófÁ.a\bv, like, òfjLKbv, ófj.ir\óv.
Exentëro, disembowel. 'EJeirtpeiiaj, or a word
QevTepâ.
Exeo, with accus. Ex for extra. So Praelabor
with acc. is Praeterlabor.
Exerceo. From a word i^epyéw, from ïpyov : to
work, ply, exercise, set to work, &c. Thus ifcpyi-
(o/uu is to work. C, as pioTéie, misCeo. (2) From
arceo, like Coérceo. To confine and circumscribe
by laborious occupation.
Exercïtus, army. From exerceo. Well exercised.
Nepos : exercitatissimum exercitum. Gibbon : So
sensible were the Romans of the imperfection of
valor, without skill and practice, that in their lan
guage the name of an army was borrowed from the
word exercise.
Exëro, I put forth. 'EÇelpa, epâ. Aristoph. :
rijy y\St&ffav èÇelpavres.
Exïguus, small. Exseco, execo, exico, as rEgo,
dirlgo : hence exicuus, as Muto, Mutuus : and exi-
guus, as àyKvKos, anGulus. Cut small. (2) Ex
ago, extgo, exiguus, as Ambiguus. Voss : ' Qui
nullo negotio exigi ejicique potest.' Becman :
' Facilis expelli aut extra agi.' (3) Egeo : Donldn.
Exflis, faint, thin. As Gr. èfín)\oî, fading, and
Exeo, Exitium; exîlis from exeo, exii, exiilis, or
exltum, exitUis. Cicero : Nolo verba exiliter ex-
animata exire. (2) Exigo, exigilis, like Exiguus,
q. v. (3) Exigilis from egeo, as Exiguus : Donldn.
(4) Exseco, exsecilis. (5) Exinilis; the inœ or
fibres wasting away. (6) Hill from He : ' intima
ting the smallness of the flank.' (7) Becm. for
extllis, as subtllis. (8) Key ' from tyiKós. So an
illiterate Roman officer wrote iXi for iPSi, and so
proXimus from prope.' And the E, as in French
Espérer, &c. ?
Exilium, banishment. And exul, exulis : Banished
(ex solo) from the land, as Extorris, Ex terrâ.
Plautus : Scelerati exules sunt, etiam si solum non
mutârunt. (2) 'EÇcXZ, to expel. (3) Exsalio, to
hasten out, like Jnsilio.
Eximius, excellent. Eximo, to take out, select,
iKKpiTos. So Egregius is E grege.
 EXI
Exin. For txinde : as Dein.
Existo, I stand forth. Sisto.
Existïmo, judge, think. JEstirno.
Exïtium, destruction. From exeo, exitum, whence
exttus. A going out, expiring. Thus Gr. í{Ítt|\oî.
Dumesnil understands it ' a tragical end.'
Exochâdium, tuberculum in ano. 'E{o^, emi-
nentia ; unde ífoxàs, áSos, íSioy.
Exodium. 'E£6Siov.
Exôleo. Opposite of oleo, to grow. (B) 'E£oAéu>.
Exorcismus, cista, cîzo, Exostra, Exôtïcus. GR.
Expecto. Exspecìo, exspectum.
Expedio, as Impedio, from pedis.
Expergo, act. make to go. Pergo.
Expërior, make trial of. Períor from wetpiopai,
or a form ìrapiopuu, (as òpéa of ópda,) as tïmor from
Stî/iop. (2) From pario, whence aperio. ?
Expers, expertis, for expars, expartis : deprived
of one's share. As Inarmis, Inermis.
Expëto, I desire, as Peto. To light, fall ; from
obs. ireVoj, whence TriirtTu, ttíittu. Others from peto,
to aim at.
Expleo, like Impleo.
Explicit liber, is finished. For explicilus, thus :
' Explicit, liber.' Martial : Versibus explicitum est
omne duobus opus. Some understand it a 3rd conj.
and impersonal. Voss deduces it from ancient
books being rolled up, and from the necessity of
unfolding them before read.
Explora, I ask or seek with tears, as Implôro.
Hebr. 12. 17 : fitrà Saxpiwy ÍK^rrr'fìa'as.
Exsëquiœ, Exeq. : rites on following to the grave.
Sequor.
Exstinguo, Ext. : From artyâ fut. of <rrí£u, like
Expungo, to expunge. N as in tago, taNgo. So
Restinguo. And Distinguo is <rri(a, pungo. (a) From
tingo. Ovid : Tingere in amne faces. But thus the
S is not accounted for.
Exta, entrails. For exsecta like Prosecta and
ró/ua. Festus : ' Quòd Diis prosecentur,' rather here
exsecentur. (a) Ab efera, cast forth. (3) Du
mesnil : ' From exto : because they are in the upper
part of the body.' ?
Extemplo, immediately. Templum. As said by
the Crier at the end of the ceremonies, ' Out of the
Temple,' when all went out at once. See on Ilicet.
(a) But Plautus has extempulo from tempus. At
the time : formed like Ex-tempore.
Exter, Externus. 'E^ártpos. (a) Ex terra.
Extïmus. Exterrimus, as Infimus.
Extorris, banished. Ex terra.
Extra. Exterâ parte.
Extrëmus. Exterrimus, as Supremus.
Extrico. Ex tricis solvo.
Exul. See Exilium.
Exulto. Ex, salto.
Exundo. See Alundo.
46
F;EX
Exuo, put off. From S6a>, duo, as \ia>, luo. Then
exduo, exuo. See Subucula. (a) 'E£tu>, <|ii)/u.
(3) Perott from ex suo, to spoil one of his own.
I2xùvia\ clothes taken from a corpse. For exúiœ
from exuo, as Induvisc, Diluvies, Fluvius.
F.
FSba, bean. The bean was forbidden by the
Pythagoreans ; the Flamen Dialis dared not touch
or name it ; and letters of mourning were thought
to appear in its flower. The Egyptian priests held
it a crime to look at one, judging the very sight un
clean. Now <pd$a, a bean, is found in Hesychius,
who has also <pá0a, a great dread or terror ; and
this the bean was, and from it seems to have been
called. *ó/3a seems allied to <pt$a, tpcfìo/uu, and
<pty, <pa$is. (8) ' For paba, à via, pasco :' Ainsw.
Bread, says Pliny, was at first made of them. ?
Faber, workman. Facio, faciber, saber, as Mul-
ceo, Mulciber.
Fábrïca, workshop : Fabrico. Faber, bri.
Fàbùla. For, saris, as Figibula, Fibula: Vena-
bulum.
Fâcëla, salad. Facio, to make up. As Loquëla,
Querela.
Fâcesso, I do. Facio, as Lacesso. I go away,
facio iter. Homer : Hitirpriffaov veSloto.
Fácêtus, witty, merry. Classed by Becman with
fâcundus, from for, fâri. As Dïcax, witty, from
Dïco. Or from the obs. <pia>, to speak, á, as odium
from ôdi : dïcax, &c. Compare Tucëtum. (a)
Scheide from obs. <piu>, to shine : ' lucidus, elegans.'
(3) Metaph. from fax, fads. Thus Forcellini ex
plains ' hae dicendi faces ' in Cicero ' ardens via
orationis quâ auditorum animi infiammantur.' Elus,
much as Rubëtum. (4) Voss fromfacio. Effective. ?
Facies. From facio, as Specio, Species. The
make, form, figure of the countenance or face.
Facllis, easy. Fromfacio. Easy to be done. As
Habeo, Habilis.
Fâcïnus, deed. From facio.
Facio. Hesychius has tpaiw iroutv. And from
<pava>, <pava> (as mla, irata, paVio,) could be faCio,
as <pdos, faCis ; trnios, speCus. 4>aúo> is <piw, <paivu,
to display, exhibit, as Plato : iroAAà xal «aXà ípya
avetprivavTO tis trdvras àvBpwnovs. Besides, re^xwt
facio, allied to which is &px'tcktwv, is allied to tíku,
tIktoi, to make to appear, (a) As paCiscor is for
paGiscor from pago, pango ; and as Fornax from
ïlípvos ; so facio can be soft for pagio (as patlOr
from Traflos, and as orlOr from ópa>,) from a word
Trarytû formed from ìrfrym, irlryvvut, whence vavmryéu,
to make ships. Nor is a double change uncommon,
as in BaTiv, VaDum ; Tlcl@a, FiDo.
Fâcundus, eloquent. For,sari, as Iracundus.
Faix, Fex, dregs, níjjij, coagulation, as MvSat,
 FAG
Fundus. M, as Mol. Svaia-xm for Bv^o-ku, ui/tralo-Ka
for /uijuHjtr/fo), Maitt. p. 157 ; Hesycli. /3\oití; for
P\r/TÌì, lb. It has been otherwise thought that M
was adopted to distinguish the dat. feci from the
perf. of Facio : as lvEvis was written for a similar
purpose.
Fâgus, beach-tree. ^Eol. <pâyós.
Fâla, a round tower to discharge weapons from.
See Falarica.
Fâlârîca. Becman says : ' A kind of glittering
weapon, or one sending forth flames and combus
tibles : from cpaXbv, [or <pa\t]pbv, M. <pa\âpbv,'] from
<páa>, <páos.' $àxí>s, says Liddell, is bright, shining.
But Forcellini approves of the following : ' A kind of
missive weapon used to be thrown from the fala;
ipaXapiKj], called from the salts or wooden towers ;
these from <pi\ai which are anomal, spéculas, in
Hesychius.' The <pá.\ai seem allied to <pi\apov,
fastigium, jEsch. Pers. 668. Indeed from (p&w, to
show, as well as to shine, <pa\bs could have meant
either conspicuous or shining. The Greek word
(pakapixii however I do not find.
Falco, falcon. Fain, falcis. Turton : From its
hooked talons and beak.—Suidas has <pd\xav.
Falëre, pile, buttress. Scaliger : ' For halêre from
óAiî, the sea. A pile on the sea-shore. Unless it
is that the Greeks called all high things <pd\r)pa.'
See Falarica.
Fàliscus venter, hog's pudding made after the
manner of the Falisci.
Fallo, from o-tpáWu, to upset, upset the hopes,
disappoint.
Falsus. Fallo, falmm.
Falx, scythe. Jos. Scaliger thinks that this is
' from a Syriac word which produced also Gr.
Trf\€Kvs.' Yet irt\eKvs, through ireAxs, irè\|, could
through the aspirated <f>èx£ produce falx. The use
it is true of these instruments is not the same : still
their form, which is that of a wooden pole fixed
somewhat at right angles into an iron blade, is not
very different.
Fâma. #4í/iih (pasta.
Fames. As from Edo, Esum is Esuries, a dispo
sition to eat, i. e. hunger, so from (pdyifios, disposed
to eat, (like pÁxípi-os, ' disposed to fight : ' Lidd.) is
fagimes, fames, as Foveo, Fovimes, Fomes. (2)
James Bailey says of the word Fel : ' Fel is to be
referred to x°^> m pl*<!6 of which the /Eolians
might have said x«\à, or rather neut. like fié\i.'
Applying this to fames : As %iira is a craving, from
Xaa, Ke'x<tToi, xafr"" i 80 from K^xafuu might be
X<fy"s or some such word, whence fames. Or from
X^cfia, x<Wa, a gaPmg gulf, a void, might befames.
But the former derivation is the more natural one.
Fámïlia. From famulus.
Famulus, (Etrusc. /ante/, as Facul,) servant. From
rSfia, a possession, says Haigh well. Genesis 26.
47
FAS
14 ! 'He had possession of flocks, and possession
of herds, and great store of servants.' Gen. 32. 5 :
20. 14. Ex. 20. 17. 2 Kings 5. 26. . Eccles. 2. 7.
Ezra 2. 65-67. Medea 48 : iroAmi»/ oïxav KTHMA
Seo-iroíyTìs ifirjs. Famulus, as Fundus from núi/8a£,
and as Figulus, Gerulus, Capulus. The quantity
changed, as «pHirîSo, crëpido; TEÌpdopuu, përior;
caleo from KHXeoj; odium from ôdi. (3) From
íifia, Fá/xa, somewhat as Fpayû, Frango. Unus ex
grege servili.
Fânâtïcus. Fanum. A Vet. Gloss, explains it
UpasriKÒs, Upòh'ovXos.
Fânum, temple. Fanum, says Livy, is 'locus
templo effatus,' dedicated by a set form of words.
Or where the priests were wont (sari) to declare
the will of the Gods. Fatinum, as Reginum, Reg-
num : where the Fates are delivered. Or vatinum,
where the priests minister. Schwenck says: Fas,
fasnum. But Haigh : ' From (pai>6i>. For temples
were richly ornamented.'
Far, farris, a kind of wheat. Voss says, from Hebr.
bawr, grain. Others from Germ, faren, to generate,
produce, allied to our word bear and the Hebr.
baurau, he created, Gen. 1. 1 ; whence bar, a son,
as in Bar-Jesus, Bar-nabas. But, as the Greeks said
(pAperpa and UrotpAplfa, the obs. <pap4u fut. 2 of
<pipa will lead us to the same result : tpépa being
used of the earth or trees producing fruit. Farris
may be formed as the second L in Mel, Mellis. (2)
Scheid from <papbs, <pa\bs, from tpdw, <pdo? : From
its white color.
JA\<piTov The double
from &\ipos, Albus. R Hence
as L inAewcà
Mellis.SXi/>iTa.
Thus
Farcïmen, sausage. Apicius : Sic intestinum
farcies.
Farcio, I cram, ^páaau, iréíppaxa, whence tppa-
xiCw> <ppaxiw, 4>apx'&>, farcio. Liddell : ' In Attic
the letters are sometimes transposed ; e. g. tpápÇaaOaí
for tppdÇaadai, ire<papyp.ai for iré(ppayfiai, (papKrbs for
(ppaKTÓs.' Qapnrbs is farctus,fartus.
t Farfërus, supposed the white poplar, and to be
called from the river ' amœnse Farfarus umbrae ' of
Ovid. But ?
Farina, meal. Far.
Fâris, fâtur. Obs. (paw, <pw, tpdofiai, tpwfiat, allied
to tprjfd.
Farrago, mixture offar and other grain for cattle.
Far, farris, as Plumbago.
Fartor, a fowl-fattener. Farcio.
Fas. As Ad from Apnd, so fas from (pins, a
response or oracle of the Gods. Thus fas is what is
determined by the law of Heaven, Jus by the law of
man. We find Fas atque Nefas, Fundi atque Ne-
fandi. — Others, as Jus from Jussus, so fas from
fatus.
Fascia, linen or woollen cloth for wrapping things
into afastis, bundle : a wrapper, bandage, swath,
&c.
 FAS
Fascïno, I enchant. Bao-Kàyâ, as Bp4fau, Fremo :
fiaxAvà, machina.
Fascïnura, veretrum. ' Everything foul and loath
some was employed to charm away witchery ; and
the fascinum or Veretrum was thus used among
other things, being even suspended from boys' necks
for this purpose : ' Voss. Fascino. See Prtefiscine.
Fascis, a bundle. As 'Styiyavov became Qdayavov,
(TipaxeWos could become (pdariceWos or cpdaxtKos (as
Kpó<rra\\os and KpiaraKos,) contracted to (pdcrxos,
fascis. (a) As from i|i>s is viSCus, so from 7rS|«
paSCis or phaSCis. nijju, taken like vriyiw. as any
thing composed of boards, or here of sticks, joined
together.
Fasti, public annals, in which the Triumphs, the
Consuls, &c. were set down, and also the Dies fasti
and nefasti. And, as the fasti dies were more
numerous, the annals were called by that name/a*<i.
(2) From Treipatrrai : i. e. tpcurroì, like irf<pao,n4vov
II. f. 207. In which events were recorded.
Fasti, Nefasti dies, in which it was lawful or un
lawful for the Prcetors to pronounce the words Do,
Dico, Addico ; or to dispense justice. From fas, as
Jus, Justi. (2) From (poo-rol as above. In which
either those words or justice were pronounced.
Fastïdium. Fastus. (2) Fastus and tœdium.
Fastïgium, the top. Fastus, elevation. Fastus
ago, says Freund. And hence fastiyo, as Vestïgo,
Vestigium, and as Fatïgo. (2) Baffrdfa : Schw.
Fastïgo, I narrow to a point. Above.
Fastus, elevation of the mind, pride. Fastus
(ostentatious show, says Dumesnil,) from <pda,
iré<pacrrai, as tpdo-fia from iré<paap.ai : <pda, like
tpaivat, (pavw, whence vnefrf]<pavos, proud, tpavTcuria,
ostentation. (2) &du, tprin't. A talking great.
Superbi grandiafantur, says Voss. Thus also in
the word Grandiloquus. (3) Bdw, Paivn, &ii&aiva,
to ascend. Thus fiariipios, ' that pertains to mount
ing,' Wright. Baffri in Hesych. are shoes, and
may be allied. F, as in Formica, Fremo.
Fateor, confess. From (parto/mi formed from
(paw, Treíparai, tparós. So /Saw, jSaTe'o;.
Fâtîgo, I weary. For fatim ago, I urge on ex
cessively.
Fâtim, abundantly. See Affatim.
Fâtisco, open or gape with chinks. Usually
deduced from fatim hisco, as fatigo from fatim ago
like circumago. Or, (as Fessus is the participle,
for Fassus, as grAssus, grEssus,) from fatio through
fatim hio. (2) Some suppose CH changed into
PH, as C into P in \íKos, luPus ; and fatio from
Xarbs formed from x<^a> X"'""*-
Fatum. From for,fatus. As pronounced by the
Gods. Or at once from <pârby, tprirbv, whence
Vates, Trpotpfaris. Virgil has Vatis fatidicœ. So
Fatiloquus.
Fâtuus, silly, useless. As pdvris was called from
48
FEC
lialvouai, lif/tamai, as raving with prophetic frenzy,
so vice versa fatuus can be from <pdrt]s, a prophet.
As Mutuus.
Faveo. From tpda, <paéa>, <pxFéw, as àéw, àFéw,
aVeo. To speak of well, commend, as aîras (from
obs. alu, Lat. aio,) is ' that which is said to one's
praise : ' Lidd. Or to speak for or in favor of. Or
<t>da, like <pr)iil, is to assent, then to grant, to be
indulgent. (2) Scaliger : ' Faveo is <pata>, whence
irupaiaKO) : To show kindly feeling.' Donldn. : ' To
be light-like.'
Favilla, hot embers. From <pdu, to shine, says
Voss. *oúa>, Perott. As Virgil Candens favilla.
Or, as Tl&ip, Puer, Puerula, Puella, so <pdop,
faorula, faolla and fa'illa, as OUe, Ille. Hence
fa Villa, as Pies, boVes ; and pluVia. (2) Fovea,
favilla. ?
Fauni, gods of the fields. As Colôni, so faveo,
favôni, fauni, as Favitor, Fautor. Propitious to
agriculture.
Favônius, west wind. Faveo. Kindly, genial, op
posed to the chill or wet of the others. Lucretius :
Genitabilis aura Favoni. (2) "Au, FdFu : and
<pdos are compared with it by Donaldson : ' Light
like, brilliant, splendid.'
Faustus, favorable. Faveo, favsi,fausi,faustum,
as Hausi, Haustum. So Tostum. (2) Voss: 'For
(pav<rrbs from <patu>, <pda, ipriftl.' To speak in favor
of. (3) Donldn. compares it with <pdos : light-like,
brilliant.
Fâvus, honeycomb. As *ót7js, Vates, and as
xTvbs, cAnis ; kTAi{, cAlix, so Fiipos, fuvus, favus :
S(pos meaning, anything woven, 'textum opus,' says
Voss. It is under the same notion that Wachter
refers favus to Germ. Weben, our Weave. F,
much as Vespera from kairtpa. See Filius, Firmus.
(2) From x<*osi a chasm. See Fames.
Faux, jaw. The gen. tpdpvyos proves the obs.
<pdpv£, whence <pdv£,faux, as proVidens, proïdens,
prudens. (2) Voss from tpda, to speak. Virgil :
Voxfaucibus haesit.
Fax, torch. From cpdos, as cwios, speCus. (2)
Fax from <pa£w {at. of obs. <pdw, cpi(rw, whence
ipaivw and tpdos.
Faxim, Faxo. Facio, facsi, faxerim, faxero.
Fëbris. Ferveo, ferbui, februi. As irvperbs
from wvp.
Fëbrua, purificatory sacrifices to the Manes.
Ferbui, februi, as above. As being mostly with
hot water.
Fëbruârius. The Februa were offered in this
month for twelve successive days. Adam : « This
anciently was the last month in the year, and the
people were purified in it for the sins of the whole
year.'
Feciâlis, Fetiâlis, a herald. From facio, feci; as
from perfects are formed also Vexillum, Auxilium,
 FEC
Coxa, Civis, Anxius. As commissioned to make
peace or war, ' quòd,' says Becman, ' apud eos jus
esset faciendi belli pacisquc' Facto in a special
sense, as *Wo> is to make verses, and p4(a to make
a sacrifice. One Inscription favors the C, two In
scriptions and the Greek Historians of Rome favor
the T. But so were written oCium, preCium, in-
fiCise. (2) Fetialis forfedialis, a3 spaTium, blaTero,
aTavus. From fedus i. e. fœdus, a treaty.
Fêcundus, Fœcundus, fruitful. Feeundus, Fetus,
Femina, Fenus, Felix, are all referred to an old
word feo allied to fio, the old <pia whence (plrv,
<piTÚm, and to fuo, <piu>. From <pia might have
been feo, as bEo from fìlâ. Some read these
words with a diphthong œ : but it does not rest on
sufficient authority. Corinna for <pv<ra has (povaa
(Maitt. 239), which may seem to come from <páu,
but?
Fel, gall. James Bailey, as cited on Fames,
deduces ,/è/ from xe*-'i a supposed jEolic form of
X»X^. But better from cpaOAos, juice, (x«A.bi) being
understood : allied to Bills.
Fêlis, a cat. *ijAos, deceitful, cunning. (2)
Salmasius from Fcu\bs, a supposed form of aïKovpos.ì
Fëlix. For feïx (as in fiLius,) from feo, as in
Feeundus. Felix is properly productive, abundant,
as Felix uteri, Felix frugibus. (2) Voss : ' Ab
ÍAi{ or T)\iKÍa, the vigor or prime of life : Vigorous
in body or mind.' Or ifyriXit,, '<pri\i£. (3) Scheid
from <pi)\ù jEol. of flrjAw, for 9r\\iaiM> fut. of BriAdfa,
to give suck. (4) Donldn. from <pdos : as it were
(pavAiJ, light-like, splendid. ?
Fello, I suck. 07jAû, M. <pq\û. As jueAi,
meLLis.
Fëmen, Fëmur, thigh. From feo, says Riddle.
As Femina, &c. But the application does not
appear. Femen seems to be from 'tyqwtivov, i$n\ii~
fiivov, adnexum, joined on to the trunk of the body :
or i(péixivov, 'ipéfievov, immissum. And femur may
be referred to a word i-rriij.fj.opov, divided, as Homer :
tn/Aopt rifles. But rather bothfemen andfemur are
for seminar, feminoris, like Jecur, Jecinoris ; Iter,
Itineris. (2) Fero, ferimen, femen. Turton : As
bearing the weight of the body.
Fêmina, Fcemina, female. From/èo, as in Feeun
dus. Through Gr. -pin).
Fendo, I strike ; also beat off, as in Defendo ;
also strike against, (as in Offensa résultat imago,)
and thus annoy, make angry j also stumble, blunder,
commit (offensam) a mistake or injury; also light
upon, find. Now, as from rtiva, revâ is tenDo ; so
from fleiVoi, Bevâ, to strike, jEol. </>eva>, (as from
&n\û is *7jA£>, Fello,) is fenDo. (2) Others from
o-<pevSovda>, trtpíviovâ), contr. to o-<pevtiS>, to throw
with a sling, as 2*<£aa.«, Fallo. Or from o-<t>eSay6a,
S>, formed from o-tptb'avbs, vehement. Like Incurro,
to dash against. N, as in deNsus.
49
FER
I Fenestra, window. From tpavto-rpa, formed from
tpavlÇai from <paiva, tpavw, to open to view. Or at
once from tpavû, as Sino, Sinistra ; Sequor, Sequestra.
Fënus, Foenus, interest of money. Feo, I pro
duce, as in Fetus, Feeundus. So Gr. tíkos from
TÍKTtú.
Fëra, wild beast. Fera from (pf/pa, Jîolic accusa
tive of &hp- (2) Ferio, as parlens, parens. Or
ferus from ferio, fera from ferus.
Fêralis. Ovid says on Feralia, sacrifices to the
dead : ' Hanc, quia justa ferant, dixere Feralia
lucem: Ultima placandis manibus ilia dies.' He
makes thus the E short, though it is long in feralis.
This variation is remarkable.—Festus refers feralia
toferio pecudes. It might appear short for inferalia
from the inferi or from inferiœ : but I imagine
feralis is short for funeralis from funeris, as Sultis
for Si-vultis, Rideo for Renideo, Amentum for Api-
mentum, Omentum for Operimentum, Mentum per
haps for Movimentum, pid\a for neyd\a. Forcellini
explainsferalis ' funebris, funestus.'
Fërax. Fero, as Fallax.
Ferculum, frame for carrying several dishes.
Fero,fericulum.
Fërè, about. From irepl, as ianl, antE. About,
as irepi Tpio-x'Movs, about 3000. Almost, almost
always, usually. I in irepi is sometimes long by
Arsis : 'Ap.<pì irepZ /ieydK' taxov : so ferë. F, as
Fundus. (2) Hand thus : Firme, ferme, ferè.
Credat Judœus !
Fërentârii, light-armed soldiers. ' As ferentes,
merely carrying for a short time, and not wearing,
the arms they had, which were slings and stones,
bows and arrows : ' Fore.
Fërëtrius, a name given to Jove by Romulus from
theferêtrum on which the spoils were carried in
triumph: Liv. 1. 10.
Fërêtrum, any frame. QipcTpov.
Fêriae, holidays. Fiepa) (fi/ifpat), fierai, much as
Fto-rrépa is Vespera. Hence ferìœ. (2) Velius
says it was writtenfesiœ. From Feariû, Feo-<riâ, to
feast any one. (3) Ferio pecudes. ?
Fërio, strike. From irepw or irepéu fut. of ircipa,
to pierce, strike, as Horace 'feriemus agnam.' F, as
Iïepl, Ferè. (2) From fera. Properly of being
struck by wild beasts, or as it is their nature to do so.
Ferme, almost. Ferè, ferimi : formed adverbially
on the model of Alimus, Almus.
Fermentum, yeast. Fervimentum.
Fëro, bear, carry, Qépoi.
tfFërónia, Goddess of plants and of freedmen,
Fërox, fierce. From fera.
Ferrûgo, the rust offerrum, iron.
Ferrum, iron. Wachter says from Germ, wer,
arms, instruments of defence. And Haigh from
■ytypov, a shield, instrument of defence ; M. fif^ov,
a
 FEU
anàfemim, as Bíp/in/ca, Formica. Others fromferio,
whence ferurum, much as Seco, Securis. Thus in
the Bible : His sons smote him with the sword : If
he smite him with an instrument of iron : Thou
shalt bruise them with a rod of iron. But rather
from (peúpa!, <j>8tipov, M. <p8t^ov, destroying, de
structive ; 0 omitted as T in nTfvcà, penna ; uTépi/a,
perna. (2) Properly, hot iron, from Stpu, 8tpaa,
eé^a, Mo\. <ptp"j>®, (whence Ferveo,) to make hot,
$tp/ióv. As heated in the furnace to he beaten out
{voXÍkiitìtòs rt altiripos, Horn.) into instruments for
the purposes of life. Iron being of most general
use among the metals, and therefore particularized
by this appellation. Virgil 12. 100, has 'calido
ferro,' used however of curling-irons. Thus some
derive o-ÍÍTjpos, iron, from trifa, íaiSov, to hiss (in
the furnace).
Ferrûmen, solder. Joining ferrum iron to iron,
or things to iron. Herod. : xnroKprirripib'iov atSi)ptoy
KoKK-qTÍv. So Albumen.
Ferfflis. Fero,fertum. Productive, ferax, ev<pópos.
Fertum, a rich cake. Forfartum fromfarcio, as
grAdior, grEssus ; fAteor, fEssus. As being com
posed of many good things put together. Some
readfartum. (2) Fertus, rich.
Fertus, rich, plentiful, like refertus. See Fertum.
Ferveo, am hot. As ©ijp, *fy>, so 8tpta, <ptpta,
tptpFtm, as SKa, v\Fa, sylVa.
Ferula, a rod for hoys. From ferio. It came
from the shrub fennel-giant, so also called. (2)
Pliny apparently from fero : ' Nulli fruticum levitas
major : ob id GESTATU facilior : baculorum usum
senectuti prsebet.'
Fërus, savage. From/era.
Fescennïni versus, wanton poems invented or
used at Fescennia in Etruria.
Fessus, tired. See Fatiscor.
Festîno, hasten. Riddle : ' Perhaps from fendo,
to push, thrust.' Through fendo, fenstum, festum.
See on Manifestus. But ratherfendo is to light on
suddenly, andfestinus is sudden, immediate, quick.
(2) As crïlù^ryos, aQófyos, so <rnev<rrbs and(T*ï»et/crrì)s,
from airtiSa to speed. Hence (as 2*cÉAAci, Fallo,)
festim, confestim,festinus,festino. SopArumfrom
■xhtpov. (3) From tarot, Ftarat, from tu, ìri/u,
whence ia/ibs from 'ta/iat. Hencefestim, as pl^<pa
from plitru. (4) For fertinus, from fero : Schw.
Sayferestinus as Clandestinus. But ?
Festïvus. Yromfestus.
Festra. Forfenestra.
Festúca, shoot, stem, stalk. As Festus suggests,
from fetus, offspring ; or from feo, fetum, whence
fetus. Uca, as in Caducs, Fistuca. S added, as in
Gr. fjarnv, ^autv, fjart: Maittaire, p. 391, who also
quotes from Festus pœSna, cceSna. Nor was S
needed in QóSrpvxos, nor in i/iireuAipS/ieVos Luke 6.
25, nor in nvn'SB^aoiiai.
50
FIG
Festus, festive. From iariiu, iariw, Ftariû, to
feast : as Vesta from karla, a hearth. Thus, parens
for parlens. (2) From (paiaros, lucidus : which is
in the Lexicons, though Stephens knows not on
what authority. Heliodorus however has Hupaiaros.
Festus then is bright, cheerful, gay. (3) Allied to
fari,fastus: Ridd.
FetiSlis. See Feciâlis.
Fétus, Fœtus, offspring. See Fecundus.
Fex. See Fa>x.
Fi, fi : foh ! foh 1 From the sound : if not from
Gr. 5 v, Fv Fv, as <pptyu, frlgo. See Filius.
Fïber, ri, a beaver. &iPpbs, soft, in Hesych. : M.
<pt$p6s. Pliny observes that its hair is softer than a
feather. (2) ' As inhabiting_/ïírwín, the extremity
of a river:' Wacht. See Fibra.
Fibra. Properly the extremity of anything, from
' the oldfiber,fibra, um, extremus,' says Varro. As
Facio, Faciber, Faber, so finio, finiber, fiber.—Fibra
is the extremity of the entrails : also that of trees,
i. e. a fibre.
Fibula, clasp. Figo, figibula, as Fabula.
Ficëdûla, beccafico. Ficus, orficus ëdo.
Fictïlis, earthen. Fingo, fictum.
Ficus, fig. Here is a great change. 'Svkov seems
to have been pronounced by a lisping change Svkov ;
indeed the Etymol. Magn. noticed that the Attics
change 2 into 0, instanced by Maittaire in Svûfiàs
Callim. for Svaixas. @vkov would be jEol. ipmov, as
Br)pa (pvpa, and hence ficum, as (pptya, frlgo. But
ficUSf Yet we have nervTJS from vtvpFov.
Ficus, ' a tubercle rough on the top like a fig :'
Turt.
Fidelia, pot, jar. From iríflor, a cask, much as
Fido, Fiducia. See Fido. (2) As fidelis, faithful
in preserving what is in it. But ?
Fïdêlis, faithful. From/<fe».
Fides. See Fido.
Fides, is, string of a lyre. ' Not because the
strings of musical instruments agree together (fide)
with a mutual agreement, according to Festus ; but
from a<piSts, which in Hesychius are strings:'
Delph. Ed. As 2*cíAAa>, Fallo. (2) Becman from
vSw, FvSû, i. e. vftvw, aSu.
Fïdïcen.: Fidibus canens.
Fïdius. See Mediusfidius.
Fido, from irtiBw, as fides from irì8û, or from
irioris, Trims. So Fidelia. Moeris says : Qi&áicmi,
'ArriKÛs : Tlt@&Kvm, 'EWtivikûs. See on Vito and
Foedus.
Kdus. Cui fidi potest.
Figlînus. Vorfigulînus.
Figmen, image. Figo anc. for fingo: whence
Figulus, Figura.
Figo, I fix. James Bailey says : ' As Fallo from
2<ptiAAeo, so Figo from 2<piyya. Had the etymolo
gists seen this, they would not have been so absurd
 FIG
as to derive Fallo from 4>n\û, or figo from Trliya.
This was the process : o-tpíyya, <j>iyya, tylya, (as the
Latin Tango, Tago ; Pango, Pago,) figo!— But the
N in Tango, Pango was an addition, not an omis-
Bion. Therefore from ir^yu was figa, as Fido from
lie/flu, Fundus from riwSaf ; and I, as ^H-y/ia, rima ;
fivpfiRica, formica ; KHpot, llrœ. So fllgo, &c.
(8) From <pia, a supposed root of <pi/j.bs, <pí/ióa,
fftyiyyu, allied to iriu in iciap, iriiu in irvKvbs, now in
râpa a lid : hencefigo, as Tpáríl, r/rfjrsl.
Fïgìílus, a potter. Figo anc. for Jingo. See Fig-
men.
Fïgûra. Figo i. e.fingo. See Figulus.
Fîlius. Fvïbs, fiius, fiLius, as feLix for feix.
Thus Heyne writes with the digamma FTIOS, IL a.
138. So Finnus from FeTpfia. (2) Becman : ' From
<j>i\ios, as the delight of his parents. Nothing so
sweet, says Callistratus, as the name of sons.' The
I is sometimes long in <j>ÍKos, as *i\€ Katriyvitrt, 11.
8. 155. (3) As ipvKov from tpia, so filius. Or
ipvia in Etym. M. One of the same family. Nugent
from (pvKov itself: ' a race, tribe, parentage.'
Fïlix, fern, with leaves formed of a number of
small pinnules ; whence Pliny calls its leaves ' pen-
nata,' and rightly deduces the Greek term irreplr
from wrcpóv. Now tttï\ov is much the same, whence
ptilix, and pïlix, as nTcwà, Penna ; then for soft
ness by aspiration philix or filix, as Fundus from
nwSa(. Or, irrÍAoy became ipBÍKov, as 4m$®v(a for
iwilJTifa (Steph. 8037): then filix, as *0e'^oc,
Ferrum.
Fîlum, a thread. From FeiKw, convolvo, torqueo,
as Firmus from Ftip/iós. Dr. Johnson defines Thread
' a small twist,' and deduces it from a Saxon word
meaning Twist. (2) Aspirated from ttiAw, to con
dense. We speak of a ball of thread. Voss : ' Dum
trahitur duciturque, eâdem operâ torquetur et con-
densatur.' (3) Fromfigo,fixi, fixillum, as Vexillum,
Velum. As fastening things together.
Fimbria, border, fringe. Finis, fimbria, finbria.
Formed like Manubrium, Funebria, Ebrius. M, as
siNplex, siMplex.
Fïmus, dung. Ainsworth : ' From fio, oleo, as
from Suffio is Suffimen. From Bíw, Mol. <pòw.'
Scheid : ' Properly, exhalatus, fumum emittens,
from fio whence suffio.' (2) Allied to trlap, fat,
iriwv and Tri/ueA^. Virgil has 'fimo pingui.' For-
cellini explains fimus ' quo agri stercorantur.' F, as
Fundus from IIwSo|; Ferè from riepi. (3) From
<pvpfibs, <pvfj.fibs, inquinamentum ; or (pvpp.a, tyvp.ua,
fimus. (Steph. 10250.) I, as oVTiros, Btlpes ; <j>pYyw,
frlgo. (4) From 8a>, iubs, Fvfibs, moisture.
Findo, I cleave. 2(prii>£> is to cleave with a wedge,
whence (as 2</>dAAaj, Fallo ; and revm, tenDo,) was
fêndo, findo, as rZyyn), tlngo ; 'Ei/Sikû, vlndico.
Or from B-tynvh, ÍSos, o-tfinviSim, â. (2) Riddle says
from o-<pi(a. This might be allied to <r(/>á{iu, to kill,
51
FIS
; i. e. to cleave, through tyda, ipaiva, &c. (3) Findo
from FiSiâ whence some derive Di-vido. As sepa
rating into distinct parts. The N disappears in Fidi,
Quadrifidus, &c. The latter 1 omitted in FiSiû as
Parens for Parlens, Vesta from 'Ecrrla. (4) As
Fames or PHames is thought by some to be put for
CHames, so Findo or PHindo is referred by some to
CHindo, from crxiSw, xi5û. But ?
Fingo, form, fashion, frame. ¥orfêngo, as pHyua,
jSHju/ia becomes rima ; from iriryw, to put together,
construct. N, as liNgo, fraNgo ; disappearing in
Figura, Effigies, &c. F, as Fundus from núc8ct|.
(2) From atpiyyw, to join together close. Plutarch :
ffuvdywv irdvra rà fAcpw Kal atyiyyuiv : ' coagmentans
omnes mundi partes et astringens,' Steph. Binding
them close together. As 2$á\Ka, Fallo. (3) From
figo-
Finis. Scaliger from fio : as the end and object
of what (fit) is done. But it is difficult to gain all
this from fio. (2) Rather from Bis, Ba>bs, a shore,
JE. tpivbs, as ©rjpij jEolicè <pripás. Hence a boundary,
limit, as Nostris errans in finibus, JEn. 4. 211. Ho
race : Finibus Atticis reddas incolumem. And
Dumesnil defines it ' an end, frontier.' And con-
finium ' limit, bound, confines.' So finitimus. Thus
finis, like Bivbs, is masc. and fem. (3) As soft from
<f>6lva, to wane, decay, as tpBivinwpov, the last part
of summer. As 4<r\bs for èo-B\bs, and as T is lost in
TSTépm, Perna ; UTeyvà, Penna. (4) ' Forfunis :
by which fields are divided : ' Schw. ?
Fînïtïmus, like Affinis.
Fîo. *óa>. Or obs. ipia>, whence <p7rv, (piriw.
Firmâmentum. Firmo.
Firmus. 'From tppa, Fépua, a prop, support. As
TEyyw, tlngo. (2) From eipp-bs, Feip/tbs, a row,
order, connexion. Well connected and joined. (3)
Riddle : ' From fido, for fidimus, fidmus.' As me-
Didies, meRidies ; aDcesso, allcesso. (4) For fer-
mus from fero : Schw. I, as tlngo.
Fiscella, Fiscïna. From fiscus.
Fiscus, 'properly a great bag of money:' Dumesn.
Hence (as o-Tpkyyai, strlngo ; SAcku, disco ; con-
tAngo, contlngo, and our rickets from ^A^Ítt)*,) from
«pcíffKoXoí, contr. <pá<ricos, a leathern bag for money
or clothes, could be fiscus. (2) It also means a
basket or frail, and, in this sense at least, seems
better referred to Fiffx" t° hold. By Becman to
hisco.
Fissïculo, 'findendo rimor,' Fore.
Fissura, cleft. Findo, fissum.
Fistûca, a rammer lifted up in the air to fall and
drive anything tight in the ground. Figo, fixtum,
fixtûca, as Caduca, Festuca. (2) From íot», to
raise. F, as Filius, Firmus.
Fistula, a pipe. Acc. tyvanT^pa, an instrument
for blowing; <pv<TTÍìpa, whence fisterula, fistula, as
'AoTepa, Asterula, Stella. (2) For hintula, says
 FLA
Scaliger, from hisco, hiseitum, histum. From the
holes through which it is blown. (3) From fido,
findo : Ridd. Fistum, as Haustum, &c.
Flâbrum, Flâbellum. From flo, as Candelabrum,
Flagellum.
Flacceo, I flag. BAeum-w, am weak, as BAi)e»,
FIuo.
Flagellum. Flagrum, as Flabrum, Flabellum.
Flâgïtium, importunity. From flagito. Also im
portunate solicitation to vice, and hence vice so
solicited. Apuleius : Juvenem execrandis uredinibus
flagitabant. (2) Flagris dignum, as flagRito, fla-
gRellum, flagito, flagellum. (3) Plagitium : pldgis
dignum.
Flâgïto, I importune. As Flagellum for Fla-
gRellum from Flagrum, so flagito for flagRito from
flagro, as Musso, Mussito. To ask (multâ fla-
grantia) with much earnestness, as Imploro is to
ask with much weeping. So farta, to seek, is
from (éa, ferveo, flagro. To seek ardently, (a)
TlK^aaofUu, TrtirAdya, to smite myself in sign of
grief, hence to mourn, and to beg as Imploro.
Fliigro, to burn. From <p\àyâ, fut. of <t>kéya,
through a word (p\aytpbs, or póa, pâ. Or from
<p\(yvpbs, (pArypìir.asflAinmafrom tpKEy/ia, fAK^a.
Flagrum, whip. From flagro. Plautus : Quem
faciaui flagraniem flagris. Horace : Peruste funi-
bus latus. (2) Soft for plagrum from ir\àyâ fut.
of x\fo<ra>, to strike. As lispi, Ferè.
Flâmen, a blast. Flo.
Flamen, a priest to a particular god. For afflamen,
afflamenus, as in Auctumnus ; i. e. afflatus, inspired
by the Gods. (2) From the flamea or flammea
worn by the Flamen Dialis. E omitted, much as
parEns for parlEns. (3) For filamen, ' another
form, Inscr. : ' Ridd. ' Either from a woollen band
being tied to the priests' cap, or from such a band
being the only thing used to bind their head, from
the pressure of the heat : ' Voss. (A) For pileamen.
As being distinguished by the pileus.
Flamma. QXtyiia, <p\énua, flamma, as m Agnus
for mEgnus. Or from iré(p\ayfiat, like <p\ayâ whence
Flagro.
Flainmeum, Flameum, a veil of a flame color.
Flamma.
Flâtûrârius, a blower of metals. Flatûrus.
Flâvus, yellow. Flacceo, flaccivus, flavus, from
the color of decaying plants or leaves ;— orflamma,
Aammivus, flavus, flame-colored, as Yellow from Sax.
gea:lan, to burn. (2) Scheid ' from <p\d(w, ferveo.'
(3) Perott from flo, flare, from the color of blown
metal. (4.) Forfalvus,fulvus : Ridd. ?
Flecto, bend. To curve, curl, from QKtKrbs,
burnt, i. e. crumpled and curled : through a word
ipKeKriu, â. (2) Aspirated from irAe<cri>s, twisted,
as Ileíflw, Fido.
Flëmïna, um, swelling of the ankles. t\ey/j.oyii,
52
FLO
a fiery tumor. (2) Flecto, flexum, flermina, as
winding or twisted.
Fleo, weep. Fleo from <p\ta, to gush, overflow.
(2) From fiKta whence 0A^<ra>. Homer : BAAEEIN
S" íno Sdxpv wapti&v. As Bpifia, Fremo. (3) From
tppéa Moi. of Opta<, whence Bpifyos, lamentation : and
fleo, as $Aíp.eaíya is referred to pVt/ia.
Flîgo, I dash against. See Aflligo.
Flo, breathe. Xlvâ could not be endured by a
Roman ear, and gave way to <p\a,flo, as even among
the Greeks oTI<f77os to oQiyyos, and as irNtv/uw to
TrAtífiay, this also coming from irnta, ttvU. For a
similar cause KNtipas was changed to cRepus, whence
cRepusculum. (2) From <f>\íu, <p\â, to gush out.
Ainsworth says : ' Scaliger from <p\da, <f>\â, flo.'
I do not find this sense. Bp. Blomfield states that
(p\da> is ' cum crepitu quodam frango ;' and mupKifa
is ' tumultuo, vociferor : ' but these seem too strong
meanings for flo, though it is true, as Dumesnil
states, thatflamen is used in poetry for an impetuous
wind.
Floccns, lock or flock of wool, nap of cloth. From
*\6kos, a lock of hair. Floccus therefore a lock of
wool. Our Lock is in its connexion with the Verb,
much the same as it\íkos from ir\tKu. F, as in
Qpolptwv, Flecto.—Nugent from ir\oKaX, nexns.
Floces, dregs of wine. As containing floccos,
motes or threads. Persius : PANNOSAM fecem.
Flora. Flos,floris.
Flos, flôris. Flos from <p\ò(, a flame, as trabS is
for trabX, TpdtptjS. *Ai>£ is translated^* in Anthol.
8. 233 by Schaefer in Steph. 10132. And what is
called by Euripides <p\b£ olvov is called by Ennius
flos vini, and the poets call the stars flores. Flos
can mean properly anything scintillating or effulgent,
(which word itself is from <p\oytu, (po\yéa,) and be
said particularly of the bright color of flowers. A
scintillation, like a flame, says Voss: and Perott,
Quia emicat ut flamma. It is not however one
flower so much as many together which produce
this appearance of a flame. If we look at a bed of
salvias, carnations, or geraniums, there we see a true
resemblance.— Or, as Liddell explains (í>ÂÌ>£ otvov of
the fiery strength of mue, flos might mean properly
the chief excellence or distinguishing quality of
anything, and here of the plant. (2) As Dos and
Air from Aû, so flos from flo. Ab efflatu odorum,
say9 Scheid. Thus Cicero : Odorum qui affiantur è
floribus. And the French, Vos tulipes sont elles
fleuries, is Are your tulips blown ? (3) Ovid says :
' Chloris eram quse Flora vocor ; corrupta Latino
Nominis est nostri litera Grseca sono:' referring to
X^apbs, fresh, blooming ; whence could be floris
or flos, according to Bailey's derivation of Fel on
Fames.—And, as we are led on from one thing to
another, we might imagine, that, as Flo is from Xlvâ,
so from xcoM) down, bloom, might be <pvovs,flos. ?
 FLU
Fluctus, Fluentum, Fluïto, Flûmen. Fltto.
Fluo, to flow. B\ia, to spout or gush forth, fluo,
as Bpe',ua>, Fremo.
Flustrum. Dacier : I think it is when the waves
are quiet after a storm, for then Defluit saxis agitatus
humor. Fluo, as Luo, Lustrum.
Flûta, floating lamprey. Fluito, or fluo,Jluitum.
(2) IIA.1ÓT7JS, swimmer.
Fluvius, river. Fluo, fluius, fluvius. As Alluo,
Alluvies, and Pluo, Pluvia.—Ainsworth from fluo,
fluvi. ?
Focale, bandage for the throat and neck. Faux,
faucis, as Caudex, Codex.
Fôcillo, I warm. Focus.
Focus, hearth. From ipéus, as airios, speCus.
Donncgan explains <pâs a blazing hearth. (2) Fovea,
fovicus, focus. Ovid : ' Atfocus à flammis et quòd
sovet omnia dictus.' So Medicus, Modicus. (3) From
Fixos, taken as that which holds or contains. (4)
From a word <pìi£, <puybs, from ipdyw, to roast or boil.
Fôdïco, 1 pierce. Fodio, as Vellico.
Fôdîna, quarry. Fodio.
Fôdio, I dig. As not only flaflùs and Í3a6vi/a
existed, but also fiiOpos and fiòQvvos, we may sup
pose a word fioSia whencefodio, much as Fido from
TíeíOw : F, plainer in Fascino from Bao-Koc». Biffipos
is a hole dug in the ground ; hence âoOúa answers
in sense also to fodio. (2) From a word <pvrt(o>,
<pvrt£>, to plant, and so to pierce the ground. So
fOlium from <pT\Kov, and vaDum from 0aTiv. (3)
"OSioyta, a passage, is from 6SÍ(a>, fut. óSiû, FoSiii,
fodio, much as 'Eerire'po, Vespera. To make a passage
In the ground. (4.) Fovea, fovideo : Schw. ?
Fcedus, foul. Forfœtidus. (2) Allied to ptedor,
putidus: Ridd.
Fcedus, eris, treaty. As Grammarians suppose a
verb anrtitu (like eiréviïu) to account for airtíaw fut.
of ffirevb'u}, so (as Konrbs from Keíirw, \c\otira ; poipa
from fitipw, ptfioipa,) from ftrvotSa could be airotSos
or <r<poîSos, like trúóyyos and o&óyyos; whence
fcedus, as 2<pdWw, Fallo. Thus fcedus answers to
atrovS-i]. Medea 1137, reiitos iairtìo-Bai tÌ> aiv.
(2) Or as Fido from Tlel8u, so from ir«roifla might
be a word iroîflos,fcedus. A declaration or solemn
assurance, like Fides. (3) Some from hœdus: a
kid being supposed to be sacrificed on the occasion.
As vibs, Fvïbs, Filius.
Fcemïna. See Femina.
Fceniculum, fennel. Apparently, from it s strong
scent, from fœnum, as another herb Fenugreek is
called from Fcenum Gra;cum. Milton : ' A savory
odor blown more pleas'd my sense Than smell of
sweetest fennel.' (2) Isidorus for phamoculum,
tpaivto and oculus ; its root sharpening the sight. ?
Fcenum, Fênum, hay. As Foetus, Fetus, from feo.
The natural produce of the earth, says Festus well.
Fœnus, Fœtus. See with the E.
53
FOU
Fœteo, Fëteo. The Sabines digammated hœdus
intofedus ; hence could be fedeo orfcedeo, to smell
rank like a kid : andfœteo, as M. airdbiov, spaTium ;
OTrov&rj, sponTe : and stulTus. (2) Putidus,pulideo.
See Audeo. (3) Pœdor, pœdidus, pœdideo. The
(E through jEol. iroiidj. See Puer. (4) FvwSéa,
i. e. iutitw, ' whence ûaSía,' Steph. Ind. 549.
Foliâtum, ointment, exfoliis.
Folium, leaf. $vK\ov, as &\Aos, alius. So Ital.
piano for pLano.
Follis, bag, &c. 0úAA«, M. <pí\Kis, folUs, as in
Folium.
Fômentum, fomentation. Fovimentum. Virgil :
' Font eâ vulnus lymphâ.'
Fômes, fuel. Foveo, fovimes, much as Stratum,
Stratiges, Strages.
Fons. From tp(cyfiets, tpœvjìs, tpûvs, sounding.
(2) For fundens, fundentis, as pouring fresh water
from the earth. 0, as sUboles, sOboles. (3) From
<popbs, carrying forward, as some derive poNs from
iróPos, iróVs.
Fôrâgo, a thread for weavers to mark the day's
work : à forando ; a mark made by perforating or
running the thread through the web.
Foramen, a hole. Foro, as Tutamen.
Fôràs, out of doors. Asforis adv. is Bípys, <pipris,
at the doors, soforas is iípaÇ, <pvpa('.
Forceps, tongs. Qua ferrum capiunt : for/e»r»-
ceps,ferceps, as pEndo, pOndus. (2) From formus,
hot, from Btp/ibs, M. iptppbs, hot : and capio. Qua
forma capimus, as Gr. irvpáypa. (3) Foris, capio :
Ridd. ?
Forda, cow with young. 4>opàs, acc. tpopdSa,
<póp$a, pregnant. Ovid : ' Fordaferens bos est.'
Fore, Forem. As Regere, Regereni, sofuo,fuere,
fuerem ; fare, furem ; and fore, fSrem, as BTpa,
<ptpa, fOres. Butfore is used for ' futurum esse ' ?
True : but ' sometimes fore has the sense of Esse,'
says Forcellini, who quotes four passages. The full
future is 'fore futurum,' i. e. ' esse futurum : ' for
fore orfuere is Esse.
Forfex, scissars. Forficis soft for forsicis, from
ferrum seco : much as AetPwv, LiLium. An iron
instrument to cut with. See Forceps.
Foria, diarrhoea. *opà i. e. ventris.
Fôrïcae, public jakes. *opùj, podex ; whence
forio, caco.
Foris, door. From Bipa, M. <pipa, as Biip, ;
fíTKa, mOla. (2) From irrfpor, a passage : as Tlvv-
5o|, Fundus.
Foris : See Foras. (2) Forum ; Ridd. In the
market : Bee.
Forma, form. Mop<pa, <popp.a, forma, as Mwy,
Kâfí, Num.
Forma, aqueduct. ' As constructed (ligneis for-
mis) by applying wooden tubes : ' Fore. (2) Perhaps
•popifin was used in this sense : as carrying water.
 FOR
Formâlis, according to forma, form.
Formica, ant. MvpfiriÇ, acc. ix.vpp.jiKa, M. f3vpp,riKa,
(pvpfiriKa, formica. So Bpfiiu, <kptiiw, Fremo. And
Cratera, se, from acc. xparf/pa. (2) From fero
micas. ?
Formîcans, a pulse quick and short as the move
ment of a formica.
Formïcâtio, pimples, stinging likeformicm, ants.
Fornndo, fear. Scaliger from forma, as Cupido,
Libido. Fear of Spectres. (2) Or, as from ÌHip-
/utjko through BippriKa is Formica, so formido from
HÒpiíti, Hesych. KaTatrXriKTiKr) ; or from fiipiios,
Hesych. cpófìos Ktvis, an empty fear. Mop/ii also
is a hobgoblin.
Formïdo, a foil or net with different-colored
feathers to scare wild beasts. Above.
Formôsus, of a goodybrrwa, form.
Formula, a forma, form of words.
Formus, hot. Btpphs, M. (ptpiihs, formus, as
pEndo, pOndus ; fOrceps, &c.
Fornax, -us, furnace. As i/TktÒs, nOetis, from
■xipivos, nipvos ; thenfurnus, as Fundus from núvtaÇ.
Fornix. An arch, and an arched vault. Some
deduce this from irópvn, a harlot, from their standing
under arched vaults under ground. Gloss. Vett. :
' Fomicaria, iripvn, airb Kafxdpas $ Iffravrai.' Horace :
' Nullam nisi olentifornice stantem.' Juvenal : ' Le-
nonum pueri quocunque in fornice nati.' (2) Some
think the first meaning was from fornus, (nipivos,
■jrípvos,) a furnace. As being arched like it. (3)
From foro, to perforate, whence forinus, fornus.
Thus Pontanus says that Fornices and Cavernae
were at first the same. Voss : Quia essent saxa
petrave perforata!. (4) From <popâ: The arch
supporting the superincumbent weight.
Foro, perforate. Tldpa, iróropa, to pierce. Hence
iropâ, foro, as Ilepl Ferè. Or at once from irópos :
To make a passage.
Fors, sortis, chance. From <p4pa>, ir4(poprai, like
Fortis, brave : or <p6pos was so used ; and/ore, as
Mipos, Mors. Sophocles : rb <p4pov 4k ®eov. And
SO Gr. ffviLtpopk, and to irpaypuvra KaKtàs <p4perai.
Virgil: /VOTsiquaTULISSET: Quidfortunaferat
populi.
Forsan. Fors an, chance whether.
Forsit, Forsïtan. Fors sit, fors sit an.
Fortan : forforte an.
Fortasse, Fortassis. For fortesse, as mEgnus,
mAgnus. Forte licet esse.—Andfortassis seems to
befortasse sis, i. e. si vis.
Fortax, ' the bottom or compass of a kiln or fur
nace: from fortis:' Ainsw. Rather from <p4pu,
TTf<poprai: strong to bear : orfero, obs. sup. fertum,
(whence fertilis,) as pEndo, pOndus.
Fortis, strong. As from <p4pa>, Tr4<popn<u was
tpópfuyÇ, so from ire'cpopTai was (pipros a load, and
fortis. Or even fromfero, fertum, whencefertilis.
54
FRA
Thus pOndus from pEndo. Voss: Fortitudo est
virtus perferendarum reruni. Riddle : Fortis, qui
fert impetum.
Fortuïtus, Fortûna. Fors, fortis.
Foriíli, book-shelves. Fori.
Forum. From fero, or <pop4a, â. Varro: Quo
conferrent suas controversias, et quae vendere vellent,
et quò quseque ferrent, forum appellârunt. (2)
From trtipw, Wiropa, whence trópos and 4iiu6píov. A
thoroughfare. •
Forum, said also of towns where they met for
traffic, &c. and of gambling rooms for trafficking in
money.
Fôrus, gang-way : from n&pos, a passage. As
Fundus from níj-SaJ. (2) From <popâ, to bear,
sustain, in the sense of a row of seats or galleries in
a theatre. (3) Voss from forts : ' For the gang
way was not in the keel or hold of the vessel, but
on the outside, exposed to the inclemency of the
weather.'
Fossa, ditch. Fodio, dsum, ssum.
Fovea, pitfall. Fodio, fodlva, as Cado, Cadïva ;
then fodivea, as Cava, Cavea ; and fovea. A pit f
dug.
Fôveo. From <pias, like <p&os, the light of fire,
whence a verb <po4u, foVeo, as i4a, íF4w, aVeo ;
<pa4u, <paF4œ, faVeo ; irait*, rmttt, iraFiu, paVio. To
keep warm or cherish with fire. Riddle says : From
the old foo, <póa. (2) Key from focus, somewhat
as (SpaXbs, breVis.
Fraceo, Fracesco, to be overripe or mouldy. As
Flacceo from $\aKtiti, so also flaceo and fraceo.
Thus v. v. the Latin Flagello is in the N. T. (ppa-
yfWw. (2) Ainsw. from fraces. From lees, I
suppose, soon turning mouldy. ?
Fraces, the mash of bruised olives, grounds of oil.
From frax in the Gloss., this from frago, xi,frango.
C, as in paCiscor. Some MSS. readfrages.
Frasnum, Frenum, bridle, Frago, (as in Crucifra-
gium,) fraginum, fratnum, frœnum, as Regnum,
Dignum, and as Providens, Proïdens, Prudens.
' Quo impetus frangitur animalium : ' Becm. (2)
Frendo, frendinum, frenum. Quo frendunt equi.
But the jE ?
Frâga, strawberries. Soft forfragra, as flagRellum,
flagellum. From fragro. Arbuthnot : ' Strawberries
by their fragrant smell seem to be cordial,' &c.
Frâgïlis, Fragmen. Frago,frango.
Frâgor, crash. Frago, as fragilis. Sound of
things breaking. So r)xos from &yvvp.i, r)xa.
Frâgôsus, craggy. I. e. broken, from frago, as
fragilis. See Rupes.
Frâgro. As Serus from itf/nphs, so fragro from a
verb ooippdrTOiiai like òctppaívotxai ; pers, ucíppàya,
whencefragro as from (p\ayS> is Flagro. (2) From
frago, frango. As properly said of the smell of
pounded spices. (3) From frâga, strawberries.
 FRA
FRAMEA, a short spear. A German word, says
Tacitus. Wachter: ' From frumen, to send : allied
to /ram, FROM.'
Frango. Forfrago, as Tago, TaNgo : from Fpayâ
fut. of f>-tryvvp.i or of (iiaau>. The F as in Frigus.
The N does not appear in fregi, fractum, naufragus,
&c. (2) From i}pixai to rattle, clash, as Bpéfua,
Fremo.
Frâter. From tppirrip, one of the same clan ; a
sense easily transferred to one of the same family.
Liddell thinks the proper meaning of <ppdrpa is
' brotherhood.'
Fraus, fraud. Fraus, fraudis, from <ppaSi)s, cun
ning, whence Homer has $o\ocppaiïjis. Then <ppav-
8j)j, as fov<ros for vivos, or as the Cohans said
oÛTjp, aSas for àï)p, &as. (Maittaire p. 156.)
Frausus sit fraudem, Plautus. Fraus, fraudis,
fraudeo, frausus sum, as Audeo, Ausus sum.
Fraxïnus, ash-tree. Dr. Turton : ' Fraxinus from
(ppctjis, a hedge. From its use in forming hedges.'
*pá|u is not found, hut (ppayuis : yet the Cretans
said S|os for the common àyfiis. (a) From Qp&aaw,
{a, M. <ppa£a, to trouble, disquiet. Ovid : Ut qua-
titur fraxina virga Noto. (3) From frago, fraxi,
(fraNgo,) as Ago, Axi whence Axis. From its
power of breaking substances. Hesiod derives the
third age of man from ash-trees, as being robust.
Frëmo, make a great noise. Bptfta, as Bhvai,
Fluo, and Fascino.
Frendo, -eo, I gnash the teeth. From the sound,
says Forcellini. Rather from fremo, fremidus,
fremdus and frendus, whence frendeo, as Aveo,
Avidus, Avideo, Audeo. Or fremo, fremitum,
fremito, frento, frendo as menTior, menTax, raen-
Dax.
Frënum. See Framum.
Frëquens. As loQUor from Aorovnai, and much
as linQUo from Aci'ira, M. KeiKw, (conversely French
éGale for eQUale, sequalis,) sofrequens, frequentis,
from (ppayeis, ippayivros, a. 2. of <ppcur<ru, to fill full :
whence frequens is numerously attended, numerous.
E, as PpAx<is, brEvis ; and grAssus, grEssus. (8)
Totferè coiens. ?
Fressus, craunched with the teeth, bruised in any
way. Frendo.
Fretum, a strait. Fromferveo,fervitum,frevitum,
fretum. Like jEstuarium. (a) From fremo, fre
mitum, fretum. Justin: ' Fremitum serventis œstûs
exaudiat.' This is applicable to both. (3) From
f>ía, Fpcco, as fiayâ, Fpayâ, Frago, Frango.
Frêtus, relying on. As Bipavvos from 6épa>,
ríBapaai, so ferveo, fervitum, frevilum, freitum,
fretum, as Superrimus, Supremus. Sometimes used,
says Riddle, of too great confidence or presumption.
Thus Bipaos is, ' in a bad sense over-boldness, pre
sumption : ' Lidd. Properly, heat of mind, sanguine
spirit. (8) Scheid from ipoprrrbs, borne (up).
FRU
Frîco, I rub. As Fodio, Fodico, so frio, frico.
Frio, to bruise into small pieces.
Frîgus, cold. 'Pîyos, Fplyos, frigus, as jiayâ,
Fpayâ, Frago, Frango.
Frîgo, I fry. <kpiyw.
Fringilla, Frigilla, Fringuilla. See the next.
Fringultio, Frigultio, Friguttio, Frigutio, Frin-
gutio. All these are variously written to express
the crying like afringilla or chaffinch, Gr. ipp4yv\os
or <ppvyi\os.
Frio, I break or bruise into small pieces : Bpava,
Bpimw, says Forcellini ; which Greek words Liddell
compares with rpía. From rpií», dpia, would be
QpviTTw ; and &pvu>, M. <ppiw, is frio, as (pptyut,
frigo, (a) ITpieo is to ' cut in pieces,' Lidd. : and
aspirated is <ppia>,frio. (3) Fpala, to smash, shiver,
isfrio. (4) As by necessary pronunciation caNmen
and «Ne'^aî produced caRmen and cRepus, if/la,
psio, to rub to pieces, could produce prio,frio.
t Frit, a small grain at the top of an ear of corn.
' Frio, [friatus,~] as being easily bruised small. Or
it should be read frix, <ppl|, a bristling : bristly with
beards : ' Fore.
Fritilla, some pulse. Soft forfriclilla, from frigo,
frictum, to fry. (a) From frit. (3) From fri-
tinnio, like Fritillus. As leaping up in the frying-
pan in cooking.
Fritillus, dice-box. Fritinnio,fritinnus,fritinnu-
lus: in quo tali fritinniunt. ' Fritinnio is to spring
up with a sound ; which is done by dice shaken in
a dice-box : ' Fore.
Fritinnio, to chirp, chatter. From the sound,
says Forcellini; who understands it also to mean, to
spring up with a sound ; i. e. as unfledged birds do
in the nest.
Frîvôlus. Scio, Sciolus ;frio,friolus,friVolus, as
pluVia. Brittle, fragile, worthless.
Frixus. Frigo, frixum.
Frons, frondis, leaf. From fìpvuv, Ppíovros,
swelling, teeming, bursting forth, as Parens, Paren
tis for Pariens, Parientis ; Januitor, Janitor. F, as
Bp4p.w, Fremo; D, as menTior, menTax, menDax.
(a) As a branch bearing leaves, from tpipav, <pipov-
TOS.
Frons, frontis, forehead. From tppovh, intelli
gence, or <ppovTÌs, thought, as Vultus from Volo.
Plautus : Ut quod frons velit, oculi sciant. Cicero :
Ex oratione, vultu, oculis et fronte meum amorem
perspicere.
Fronto, with a prominent forehead. Frons, as
Capito.
Fructus, production of the earth. QpvKrhs,
parched. See Frux. (a) Bpvfa, &4$pvKT<u, to ger
minate. (3) Fruor, fructus. We pray in the
Litany for ' the kindly fruits of the earth that we
may enjoy them.'
Frûgâlis, Frûges. Frugi, Frux.
 FRU
Frùgi, one * bona; frugi aptus seu natus,' one of
good fruits in conduct, honest, sober, diligent, thrifty.
Cicero : Se ad bonam fruyem récépissé.
Frûraentum, corn. Ferveo,fervimentum, (as Mo-
neo, Monimentum,) feruimentum, frumentum. As
heated and ripened by the sun. So Defrumentum.
( fl) Forfrugimentum from fruges, or <ppvya>, torreo.
3) Fruor, fruimentum. Litany : ' That we may
enjoy them.'
Fruniscor, I enjoy. Much as Iter made Itiner,
Itineris,fruor might make fruinor ; then fruiniscor
as Proficiscor.
Fruor. Gopeouai, (popovuai, transp. (ppovouai,fruor.
Like its compound i^opéouai, which, says Stephens,
' ponitur et pro fruor.' (fl) From pvouai, Fpiouai,
as £1705, Fplyos, Frigus. 'Pvoucu, to draw to oneself,
hence to take, enjoy, as airoXava from Xía, XaBà.
(3) Allied to fipvKw : Schw. That is, from Bpia,
Bpóui, PpáffKU). ?
Frustra, in vain. Like frustum, broken, disap
pointed. (2) frovafraudo, of the third conjugation,
as is shown by Frausus. So Rado, Rastrum. Pro
perly, when we are cheated of our wishes.
Frustum, bit, morsel. $pav<rrbv, jíEolicè for Spav-
rrràc, broken, (fl) Allied to fruor : Ridd. ?
Frûtex, stalk, stem ; shrub. Bpva, BtBpvrtu, to
germinate. As Bpt/iw, Fremo.
Frux, frùgis, pi. fruges, fruit of the earth. From
tppvyu to parch. Virgil has 'fruges torrere.' Accius :
Fruges torridas. ' Previous to grinding,' says Quayle
on this passage of Virgil, ' corn was commonly
scorched by our own ancestors. Hence Bran from
Brennen, to burn ; The burnt part. Geo. i. 267.'
(fl) From fruor, like Fructua, unless this also is
ìppvKTÓs. Litany : ' That we may enjoy them.'
Fruitum, fruges, as Stratum, Strages. (3) Frux
from Bpiitu, Bpv£o>, to bite. As Bptuu, Fremo.
Fùcus, (pvxos, a paint or dye to give a red hue.
Hence a drone, the mere imitation of a bee.
Fue, an imitative sound of eructation.
Fûga, flight, (jnryà M.
Fúgio. *evyo), <pvyw : through tpvyi^u, itrw, iw.
See Patior.
Fûgo, in fugam verto.
Fui. ivy, as ivSbii, iv$ol. And anc. fuVi, as
oVis, &c.
Fulcio, I prop up. From <pv\wct(a, (pvXaKiû,
<(>v\Kiâ : To keep, to secure : hence to secure from
falling, keep up, uphold. (S) From '<poXnh i. e.
itpoXxis, or '<po\KÍ(w, '<po\Kiâ. Stephens explains
i<p6\xaioy ' quicquid ex alio velut dependet.' Hence
fulcio, ' facio ut hoc ex illo dependeat et nitatur.'
Fulcrum, prop. Fulcio, fulticrum, fulcrum, as
Sepultum, Sepulticrum, Sepulcrum.
Fulgeo, shine. *A.òf, <pXoybs, a flame, whence
tp\oy4ù), <poXyéw, fulgeo.
Fulgur, lightning. Fulgeo.
56
FUN
Fulica, Fiilix, a coot. As Ilfpi, Fere ; and irOïp,
pUer, irtívKa could make fuica ; andfuLica, as fiius,
lil, ins. TlúvKa, acc. of irióù'f, a coot, (fl) ffXiicct,
eddying, whirling. U, as "EXkos, Ulcus ; pEUo,
pUlsus.
Fûlígo, soot. Fumus, fumiligo, as Udus, Udi-
lîgo, Uligo.
Fullo, ônis, a fuller. Voss : ' BvWwv, densans,
opplens.' As Bipuyiea, Formica. (fl) TloXtûv,
whitening, as the French filLe from filta; v. v.
SaAoj, alius. F, as Ilfpl, Ferè. (3) For fulso,
from fulgeo, fulsi. As oSTS, oSSa.
Fulmen, lightning. Fulgeo, fulgimen. As Luci-
men, Lumen.
Fulmenta, sole of a shoe. Fulcimenta, on which
the foot rests. So fulmentum is a support, stay.
Fulvus, tawny. Fulgeo, fulsum, fulsivus, as
Fugio, Fugitum, Fugitivus : then fulvus, much as
Facio, Faciber, Faber. (fl) As vt\Khs, Pullus, so
wtKos, ire\Fbs, fulvus. See sylVa.
Fûmïgo, as Lxvigo.
Fùmus, smoke. Liddell : ' Bvuida, (Bv/ia,) to burn
so as to produce smoke.' And Donnegan : ' 'Avadv-
/iiáa, to cause smoke to ascend.' This from Ovua,
JE. <pvua, whence fumus. Thus fumigo is Bvuiia.
Or 8vubs, from meaning spirit, could mean vapor,
smoke ; JEo\. <pvp.bs, fumus.
Fûnâle, a taper (funis) of cord smeared with pitch
or tallow.
Funda, a sling. From fundo, to throw. Quâ
funduntur lapides. Silius : Fundit volucrem post
terga sagittam. Some refer it to <r<pfvSóva, iptySa.
Funda is also a net, as Rete jaculum in Plant us, and
SÍKTvoy from SUa. Also a purse, from the shape of
the sling; or from money thrown into it, as Gr.
Baxivriov from jSaAû. And the bezel of a ring, as
(TípévSovT), a sling, is used.
Fundâmentum, Fundïtùs (from the bottom),
Fundo 1. Fundus.
Fundo 3, to pour out, as in libations : from
(nrovSíj, jEolic <r(pov$)], as trTláyyos, (rQáyyos ; then
2 omitted as 2<pd\\u, Fallo ; and U for O, as J30A-
Bos, bUlbus. (2) "Ta?, Fia, to pour ; hencefuDo,
as luDo, clauDo ; andfundo, as taNgo, fraNgo. (3)
James Bailey from xva- See on Fames. (4) To
pour on the (fundus) ground.
Fundus, bottom. From irwSa|, as Corvus from
KÒpFa^. Indeed Schneider mentions a word nirSos.
F, as Fornax from Uipvos. (2) Allied to Bv66s:
Ridd.
Fundus, the chief author of anything, i. e. the
ground of it.
Fûnesto, I pollute by the presence funeris, of a
dead body.
Fûnestus. From funus, as Modcstus.
Fungor, perform, execute. Haigh from Zviv &yu,
Fvviv &ya, to drive the plough ; and, as this was the
 FUN GAB
essential labor for the support of life, it was used Fûruncûlus, like Homunculus. From fur, Juris.
generally for being laborious in any occupation. A boil in the body as robbing the juices of it ; and
(2) Perott from sunns ago. As we say an Under a vine-shoot springing up about another and robbing
taker. (3) As from Fabrica was Fabricor, from it of its just nourishment. We say a Thief in a
■xoviubs, laborious, was ponicor, phoncor, Jungor. candle.
Or from a verb iroytitdofiai, û/uu. (4) As Exhaurio Furvus, tawny, dusky. Terent. Scaurus says that
and Exantlo labores, was a Latin phrase, so crtpoy- the Ancients said Justus. Hence fuscus, Jusclvus,
yovfuu, formed from tr<f>óyyos, a sponge, i. e. to ex fusvus. (2) nip, Trvpbs, purivus, furvus, as Tlep!,
haust and absorb as a sponge, and in Jungor (as Ferè. Dacier says it is a color arising from burning.
~Z<pá\\u>, Fallo,) exhaurio labores. (5) iirtvSa, (3) Riddle : ' From iptpbs, whence iptpvn. '
Icnrevxa, whence a new verb ia-Tfixa, '<nreú(c<o, Fuscïna, an eel-spear, &c. Ainsworth ' à fusco
'mrciicofuu, whencefucor,fuNgor. colore.' Why? Forcellini seems to supply a rea
Fungus, mushroom, &c. 2f0770s, a sponge : as son : for he explains it ' a weapon by which fishermen
2*áAAw, Fallo. pierce eels and such fish as lie at the bottom of the
Funis, rope. Becman : ' Originally sfunis from water.' Thefuscina then was called from its being
<rxpivos.' Thus for Sfallo was Fallo: and CH is intended to operate in the fusca loca, the dark and
here changed to PH, much as C is changed to P in dusky parts of the water. (2) From a supposed
\íK.os, luPus. Thus Fel is deduced by some from word Bucrndvri, M. (pwaK&vn, wherewith to kill
XoK)) or Xt\i : see Bailey on Fames. U, as xOlvi), lynxes. (3) Allied tofurca : Ridd. ?
pUnio : (points, pUnicus. (a) Rather however from Fuscus, dark-colored. Home Tooke : ' All colors
(po'ivi^, the palm-tree, ' the leaves of which are used in all languages must have their denomination from
for ropes : ' Forcell. S, as àAtójnjH, Fcuí\m{3., vulpeS. some circumstances which produce those colors.
FQnus. Fromfunis. A funeral conducted under Thus Voss well derives fuscus from (pdviiw, ustulo :
the light of tapers and torches. Thus Vespillo was as turned from white to that color. '
called from Vesper. (2) Voss says : In its sense of Fûsôrium, a sink, where anything^/iowS/ar.
death it is from ipoyos, i. e. tpovyos, as fi6vos, fiovvos: Fusterna, upper part of a fir-tree. Fuslis, Jus-
in its sense of a funeral pile from fiovvbs, a mound. terina, i. e. pars : Ridd.
Thus Formica from Bvp/ivKa. Fustis, a stake. Fcv<rrbs, scorched, as Firmus.
Fuo, to be, whenceJuat. *iia>. Virgil : Sudes prœustce. (2) Fudo, fusum, to lay
Fur, a thief. *<áp. prostrate. Virgil : CorporaJundat humi. (3) For
Furca, a fork. 'An instrument,' says Forcellini, postis : Schw. And Freund allies it toferio. ?
' by which straw is moved or carried ; à ferendo.' Fûsus, spindle. Fundo, Jusum. To spin is to
For /erica, ferca, as Manica. (2) "Tpxv, Fvpxv, draw out into threads, and Jundo is ' traho, duco,'
in Hesychius : on which sailors carry heavy burdens. Forcell.
(3) Fur,Juris, furica : for it was an instrument of Fûtïli8. Forcellini: 'From Jundo is futo, [con-
punishment like a fork, in cases of furta, thefts Juto, refuto,~] and Jutilis, and Jutum, a kind of
committed in the house, says Forcellini. (4) As water-vessel.' That is, Jundo made not only Jusum
MerSca, Cloâca, Novâca whence Novacula, so Joro, but (throughJuditum) Jutum, as Mergo made Mer-
foràca, forca: from piercing the ground. And this tum and Merto, Pello Pultum and Pulto, Maneo
seems the best. Mantum and Manto. Futilis then is leaky, passing
Furfur, bran, &c. Judging from (popirrbs, from off, vain, worthless. SoJudo, effutio, to pour forth
ipe'poi, ' whatever the wind carries away, sweepings, nonsense, prate, babble. Confuto is like Confundo,
refuse, chaff,' Lidd., I suppose furfuris to be from to confound : refuto like Refundo, to reject with dis
<popbs, redupl. <pop<popbs, 'hurried along, forced dain. Dumesnil understands confuto ' to pour often
away,' Lidd. See Populus. (2) Far: redupl. far- or drop by drop cold into boiling water, whence
far. ? (3) BipPopos, mire. ? Jutum was the vessel for it: hence to calm, con
Fiiria;, the Furies. Furo. vince.' (2) From poured out. But ?
Furnus, oven. See Fornax. Fûtio. See Futilis.
Fûro, to rage. From iripám, S>. In a neuter sense, Fùto. See Futilis.
to be on fire or fiery : or a word mipsa, w. Esther Futuo, i. q. fiwéai, à <pvreiu, planto, ut Gr. aireipu
1. 12: His anger burned in him. F, as Fornax from et àpóu. (2) Fundo, obs. sap.Jutum. I. e. <rirep,uo.
Tlvpvos. (2) From <popbs, boisterous, as nUmerus Futûrus. *úi<>, fui, Juitum.
from vO/ios, op. (3) Salmasius from <popû ,-Kol. for
Oopâ, to spring up, whence Oovpos. (4) Voss from 6.
tpvpw, rpvpû> : ' Furentes omnia turbant. ' (5) Allied
to 0vu> : Ridd. Gâbâlus, a gallows, gibbet. As hyBernus, scaBel-
Furor, Furtim, Furtum. Fur. lum, for hyeMernus, scaMnellum or scaMMellum,
57 u
 GAB
so gabalus for gamalus or gammalus from the figure
of the y or gamma. Riddle gives V as one of the
forms, but says it is ' like the Furca ' which answers
to the 7. Compare Patibulum.
Gábâtae, platters. ' Vasa concava, à cavus. Ca-
vatœ : ' Forcell. We have Culcïta for Calcâta.
Gaesum, a heavy javelin. Acc. yaurbv, as Vinum.
Gâgâtes, Gâlaxias. GIL
Galba, a maggot in meat : ' à colore galbo,' Forcel.
Galbanum, gum on the ferula. Xah&dirn.
Galbânum, a garment worn by luxurious women.
Salmasius and Voss think it should be written gal-
blnum, from galbus, as Coccus, Cocclnum ; as of a
pale-green color. Martial and Statius make it of
the color of herbs. Unless indeed the gum galba
num was of the same color.
Galbei, Calbei, bracelets, &c. For garbei, carbei,
as our piLgrim from peRegrinus, and Gr. «Aí/Savos
for xPlfiavos : and this from Ka/nrbs, the wrist. B,
as Buxus, raBies. (2) From galbus: from the
color.
Galbula, the bird witwal : à galbo colore, as called
also Vireo à Viridi colore.
GalbSlus, the nut of the cypress - tree. Turton
says, à galbo colore.
Galbus. ' Explained in Vett. Gl. x*<»f>!>*> which
is both green, and pale-green or approaching to
yellow. And Vegetius says that the Eryngium, a
herb growing on the sea-shore, has a flower ' coloris
galbinei,' which Turnebus says he was informed by
a very learned herbalist is of a faint azure or pale
color. And Salmasius observes from Dioscorides
that its color was that of gold : and this is much the
same : ' Forcell. Galbus then may be from yd\a
milk, as Superbus, &c. ; though it has been thought
to flow from Germ, gelb, yellow. (2) Te\t7y, to
shine : see Gelu. Compare yaK^mi.
Galea, helmet. From 70X60, a weasel, as made of
its skin. So Kwei) and ì/cnSé).
Galëna, a common vein of lead and silver : also,
the remains after the lead and silver are melted off.
Voss : ' From 7eAeiV, to shine.' See Gelu. Thus
fíEyéa, mAneo. Ena, as Elyf/vy, Habêna. (2)
Xa\da, solvo.
Gálërïculum, cap of false hair. Galërus.
Galërîta avis, a lark. Having its head tufted as
with a galerus. So xópvs is used.
Galërus, a cap or bat like (galea) a helmet. Thus
KtWi) is a cap in Od. 24. 230.
Galla, oak-apple, gall, &c. rd\avos, galanula,
galla. (2) Turton 'from the river Gallus in Bi-
thynia, whence they were brought.'
Galli, priests of Cybele. ToAXoi in Suidas, Plu
tarch and the Epigrams.
Gallïcsc, slippers ' used by the Galli, Gauls, and
gradually adopted by the Romans,' Fore.
Gallïna, a hen. Gallus.
58
GEM
Gallus, a cock. Webster from Welsh galw, Eng.
call, from its crowing. That is, with Scheide, from
KaXà, to call, who understands it of its clucking.
LL, as in Mellis. (2) Short for gallœus, from
KaWaia, gills or comb. As parlens, parens ; janU-
itor, janitor. (3) Ktínca\os, Hesych. : i. e. kííkoWos.
(4) TíWos, castrated ; as being dedicated to Cybele
whose priests were eunuchs. (5) Galea, the comb.
(6) Ka\6s. The handsome bird.
Gamba, the joining of the foot with the leg in
animals. Ka/jTrrj, a bending. Vegetius has ' inflexion©
gambarum.'
Gânea, brothel ; also revelling. Tavà Sicil. for
yvvi), a woman, as tcTvbs, cAnis. Indeed ydvttov is
mentioned by Steph. dvi, who quotes yavirai, ga-
neones, from Hesychius. (2) Tistyos, ydïvos, ydvtos,
70VÍ0, subterranean, as x96vtos. (3) Tdvos, gaiety.
Gangrsena, gangrene. GR.
Gannio, to yelp, whine. Properly said of dogs
showing their joy at the arrival of their master.
From yavba, whence ydvu/mt, which Homer uses of
the joy of a wife at a husband's coming. (2)
Foda, yodwvut, as Kepdu, Kepdvi/vpu. (3) Xoívt»,
%avcst : Ridd.
GargSrizo, I gargle. GR.
Garrio, I prate. Tapia in Pindar, to speak.
Garum, salt fish. Tdpov.
Gaudeo, rejoice. Taia, yatw, ga Vio, gavidus, (as
Frigidus,) gavideo, gaudeo. So Aveo, Avidus, Avi-
deo, Audeo. (2) Others from yavptû, to spring, like
Exulto. So caDuceus from KâPÍKfoy, Ki\VÌKeov.
Gâvïsus. See Gavio in Gaudeo.
Gaulus, Gaunâce, Gausâpa, Gaza. Tav\os, Kav-
vdicrì, Tavffairos, TdÇa.
Gëlâsiânus, buffoon. Te\dai, daa>, to laugh.
Gëlásïni, dimples, and the front teeth. TtXaoîvot.
Gëlïdus, Gelu. Morin : ' According to Suidas,
7€Aa signified gelu among the Siculi, an ancient
dialect of the Greek.' Stephens states that ye\qv
is used by the Poets for Splendere, Nitere.
Gëmïnus, twin. Ainsworth says for genimus from
the old geno, yevta, â. And Donldn. for geniminus,
ycvó/ítvos, i. e., I suppose, ovyyei>óp.cvos. (2) Isaac
Voss from iip.pÀvos i. e. conjunctus ; G prefixed, as
in Tivvos for twos. (3) Rather, corrupted from
ófióyovos, òyòfxovos, (as hp.iBpetv for hpidptiv ; 2<J>ó-
yavov, Qdayavov ; Mop</>à, Forma,) *y6p.ovos, as
òpéya>, 'péyu, Rego ; then geminus, as yOyv, gEnu ;
Tcp/iOvos, terminus.
Gëmïtus. From gemo.
Gemma, bud of a vine ; a gem. Scaliger deduces
it from yé/ít», to be full. Ovid : Et nova de gravido
palmite gemma TUMET. Gemima, as Victa, Vic-
tima; then gemma. (2) Geneo, genui, genima,
genma, gemma. That which the vine first produces.
Gëmo. Tip-a, I am loaded, i. e. big with grief in
my mind. Thus iSrip.ovâ, to be in anguish, from
 GEM
àSâ, to satiate. Virgil : Gemuit sub pondère cymba,
groaned.
Gëmônii gradus, Gemonise scabs, stairs whence
the condemned were cast into the Tiber : à gemitu.
(2) From one Gemonius, who invented it.
Gëmursa, a swelling under the little toe. From
its making the patient, says Festus, gemere, to groan
under it. Like Madulsa.
Gêna. 'Tèvv, gena, Ion 1427. Androm. 1181:'
Steph. 2967. Meaning thus the cheek, gena seems
to have been confounded with ' the part above the
cheek under the eyes : ' these are the words of
Forcellini. Cicero : ' Gerue oculos ab inferiori parte
tutantur.'
Gëneâlogus. GR.
Gêner, son-in-law. Becman : Generis propagator.
Forcellini : As introduced into the {genus, eris,)
family of the wife's father.
Gënërâlis, pertaining to the genus.
Gënëro, beget. Geno, genere, genitum, as Tolero.
(2) To increase the genus.
Gënërôsus, born {generis) of a noble race. So
yevvdtos.
Gënësis, nativity. Tiveais.
Gënëtrix, Gënïtrix, a mother. Ttviw, geneo,
genetum, genitum.
Gëniâli8. ' Either à generando [i. e. from ytviw,
geneo, genui,] or from Genius, the présider over
life and joy : ' Delph. ed.
Gënïcûlum, joint in a stalk of corn. Genu, like
yáw.
Gënïmen, offspring. Geneo, genui.
Genista, -esta, broom. I can easily believe from
yàvos, yayí(w, yavurrìi, from the bright and gaudy
colors of the flower, ravóav is said by Homer of
flowers and flower-beds. E, as vEnio, pEssulus,
grEssus, fEssus. (2) ' Perhaps from genu, as being
easily bent; or, as Pliny says, from its medicinal
use for the knees. Or geno, genui, as being easily
produced : ' Forcell. ' Quòd sponte genatur, gig-
natur : ' Ainsw. ?
Genius, the tutelary Deity, attending on every
one from his birth to his death, and presiding over
cities, fountains, &c. Tevéa, yelva : as assisting at
the birth. Aufustius : ' Genius est parens homi-
num, ex quo homines gignuntur. Genius meus, qui
me genuit.'
Gënius, appetite, gluttony. ' Perhaps because it
was usual to celebrate birthdays, which were sacred
to the god Genius, with uncommon cheer :' Forcell.
Or because, as was the case, some supposed their
own spirit was a Genius. Terence : Suum de-
fraudans genium.
Gëno, genui. Ttvéa, whence iytvó/xiiy, yeyevnfiai.
Gens, race, &c. Tévos, as Mivos, Mens.
Gentiles, foreign gentes, nations ; pagan nations.
Gënu, a knee. Tin.
59
GLA
Gënuïni dentés. Véms, vos, the under jaw-bone.
(2) Qui sub genis sunt, genis dependent.
Gënuínus. Geno, genui. As it is born. Gr.
yvtiaios.
Genus, race. Vivos.
Geôgrâphia, Geômëtra, Georgïcus. GR.
Gerdius, weaver. TepStbs in Hesych. and the Gloss.
Derived by Schneider from ípSa, to work : for
Feptiiós.
Germânus. As yv^fftos from yeyváco, yváta, fata,
and Genuinus from Geno, Genui, so germino, or
germen, inis, germinanus, like Arcanus, Sylvanus ; or
geno, genimen, genimanus, genmanus, and (as geNmen,
geRmen,) germanus. Of the true stock. (2) Isaac
Voss : ' Tepiiiivn, ovvrfitia, Arcadio.'
Germen, bud, shoot. See on Carmen, a song.
Gëro, carry. From x^pbs, whence a word x*P^a>,
X«p£» or xeP^w» *i (as ^7XeiP*w>) Srer0» *° take in
hand. G, as Gutta from Xvrd or Xvttí.
Gerrae, trifles. For garrœ from garrio, to talk
idly. As grAdior, grEssus. (2) Festus from the
Sicilians using y4p~fia, wicker shields, in their battles
with the Athenians.
Gerres, ' a herring, pilchard, &c., of small value :
from gerrœ, i. e. of no value : ' Ainsw.
Gërùlus, a porter. Gero.
Gërundia, gerunds. From gerenda, things TO
BE done.
Gërusia, senate. Ttpowr'm.
Gestïcûlor, I use gestus, gestures.
Gestio, I express joy gestu, by the gesture of the
body.
Gesto. Gero, gestum.
Gestor, tale-bearer. Gero.
Gestus, carriage of the body, &c. Gero, as Porto,
Deportment.
Gibbus, bent outwards : a bunch on the back.
"t$bs, fij8j8i>s, hibbus, and G as in Tlvvos for twos,
rém-o for fino, Tolvos for oivos, &c. (2) Kv<pbs,
Kv<p<phs, gibbus, as Guberno, amBo.
Gïgas, a giant. Tiyas.
Gigno, beget, riyyu, ylyvoftai.
Gilvus, of a yellow color, like honey or carnation.
Kififibs, orange-tawny : gir Vus, as Guberno, nerVus ;
and gilvus, as piLgrim from peRegrinus. It is
written also gilBus, as in morBus. (2) From yeXtlv,
to shine. See Gelu. (3) For galbus : Ridd.
Gingiva, the gum. Gigno, gignïva, as Cadïva.
Lactantius : à gignendis dentibus.
Gingrîna, a small flute. T'tyypa. (2) From gingrio.
Gingrio, to cackle. From the shrill tone of the
yiyypa above. (2) From the sound.
Ginnus, a mule. Tivvos.
ft Gith, Git, a herb whose seeds were used as
spice, .
Gláber, smooth, bald. TXojpvpbs, y\tuppbs, gla-
brus, finely polished.
 GLA
Glácies, ice. Glades, for gelacies, says Ainsworth.
That is, from gelu. But this termination seems inde
fensible. Hesychius explains yAaiWai by KÁfam,
yXavcrbv by Xafiirpbv, yKaivoi by rà Aa/iirptJtr/iaTa
tSìv irçpiK*<pa\a.íwv oìov àffr4pes. There "were evi
dently then the words y\aía and y\aia>, to shine :
and from yhaiu or yXaiu could be glaCio, to make
to shine, specially with ice. C, as <tk4os, speCus ;
tpdos, faCis. And hence glades, as Luo, Lues ;
Labor, Labes ; Caedo, Ca:des. See on Clarus and
Gloria.
Gladiator, sword-player. Gladius,
Gladiolus, name of two herbs, from gladius, as
Gr. £i<ptov, <patryaviov, piaxaipitav.
Gladius, sword. As KvBcpvâ, Gubemo; KAu-
orijp, Glister, so gladius from KXáhos, a branch.
Voss: 'For these were first used by countrymen
for swords.'— Or K\àSáu, to cut off boughs, was
used figuratively of cutting off limbs, (a) Scheid
from yxdw, yXavo"<rw, to shine.
Glandium, -dûla, kernel in the flesh, glandule :
from
Glans, acorn, &c. BdXavos, JE. yd\avos, y\irs.
Glârea, gravel. Liddell says : ' KA.ijpos, Dor.
K\âpos, a lot j perhaps from K\da,' to break : And
from obs. adj. K\aepbs, KKâpos, was probably glarea,
broken, gritty. G, as Grates, Glister.
GLASTUM, woad for dyeing blue. Celt, glas,
sky-blue : allied to our glass.
Glaucoma, Glaucus. GR.
Glêba, -va, clod. Properly, a broken piece. As
Kirfi<pm (Steph. 5098) from kv&w, i|/í)<f>os from tyiw,
so a word k\ti<Pv from Khiw, to break, and allied to
KAafífìbs, mutilated. K\rj<pa, gleba. So BA in
acerBA. G, as Gladius from K\ó8os, Glister for
Clyster. Virgil : Kastris glebas qui frangit inertes.
Gray : Their harrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke,
i—Manutius reads gleeba : see on Fœx.
GLESSUM, amber. Allied to Germ, glas, our
glass : and to Gr. y\aitr<ra>, to shine.
Glis, gliris, dormouse. 'EXeibs, M. ye\eibs, as
twos, yívvos: y\ûs, glis, as Tixavos, Glans. (2)
Glisco, to grow larger: even in winter when it
sleeps. Ausonius: ' Die cessante cibo quis OPIMIOR
est: Glis.' Martial: ' PINGUIOR illo Tempore
sum, quo me nil nisi somnus alit.' (3) Takey :
Ridd.?
Glisco. Becman : ' T\l<rx»iuu, [or obs. yKla-X",}
to desire earnestly, aim at, is the origin of this word,
which signifies Appeto. Most clearly in Virgil :
Gliscit violentia Turno; as it grew or was carried
headlong forward.' To be carried forward with
strong desire. Thus Nitor is explained by Forcellini :
'to strive, exert oneself: tend vigorously forward,
rise or mount forward, advance.'
Globus. As from k6\os is Ko\oBbs, and as icXa/i-
Bbs, acerbus, superiits, &c. so glomus, glomibus,
60
G RA
globus. (2) As Bd\avos, T&kavos, Glans ; B\4<papov,
T\é(papov ; so BoKBbs, yo\f!bs, and (as ÍXAos, ÓAXos,
volgus; ir\eí/iay, niXfaw, pulmo ; tipd/cav from
Sapxiiv, &.c.) y\o8bs, globus. Dr. Johnson defines
Bulb ' a round body or root.'
Glocio, to cluck. KXiífa, kÍk\wx°~
Glômero, form into glomera.
Glomus or Glô., clue of thread: from KhStr/ia,
KkâfjtfjLa, a thread woven. In Plutarch &<mtp àpxb"
KKwrripos, Stephens explains it 'fili ducendi vel
etiam glomeris.' We have tïmor from SEIjuop. Indeed
Lucretius has the O long : ' glômere quantum.' (2)
Globus, globimus, glomus, as Glubo, Glubima, Gluma.
Glôrìa. Hesychius explains yXaiaau by xd/tiru,
and Ap. Rhodius has Siayhaitraovai S" &Topro£. Now
yKai<rau> is from the obs. yhaia, and in Steph. 2994
is ' 'Eyyhavai, whence tyyhavais in Hesychius.'
From yXaia was yXavpbs in Hesychius, and gloria.
Herodotus has \afnrpordrrì rcKevrïi tov fìíov. And
Splendor ia honor, dignity, and Splendidus distin
guished, illustrious. (2) K\4os, jE. x\4op, «Xtopío,
gloria : much as Ador, Adorea. Both from -tin, -4a
or -la. (3) ' Anciently glosia from yXûaaa : ' Becm.
Glôrior, I boast. Cicero has Ostentationis et
gloria;, vain-glory.
Glos, husband's sister. Td\as, y\cís.
Glòssa, Glôssëma. GR.
Glûbo, I peel. T\itpu, (as amBo,) whence yxi-
tpavov, a pen-knife.
. Gluma, husk. Glubo, glubima.
Glus, gl Litis or glûtinis, glue. r\oibs, y\ois, sticky.
Glut glut, formed from the sound of a liquor
falling from a vessel with a narrow mouth.
Gluten, as Glus, glutis.
Glûtio, I swallow : Gluto, a glutton : Glutus, the
throat. From the sound glut made by the throat in
swallowing. (2) r\ifa, glutio, in Steph. from the
VV. LL.
Ghitus, compact. Like things fastened glute, with
glue.
Gnârûris, anc. for gnarus.
Gnârus, knowing. Tvmpifa and yvtipi/ios point to
yvwpbs from yyto/xt : M. yvâpbs, as irpClros jE.
irparos. The n occurs in Ignôro.
Gnascor, am born. Ttvydopuu, yvdonai, gnaor,
gnascor: as $du, pdcrxa. See Gnatus.
Gnâtho, parasite. TvdBos, jaw.
Gnâtus, born. TewàTos.
Gnâvus, active, strenuus, (Fore). Tewalos, stre-
nuus, (Steph.) yvyos, gnaVus, as &ov, oVum. Gl.
in Steph. : Ttymtos, Navus.
Gnomon, dial-pin. GR.
Gnosco, I know. Tivúuku.
Gnostïci, Gôbius, Gomphus, Gongylis, Gorgones,
Grâbátus. GR. with r or K.
Gracilis, thin, slender. From ypax^s jEolic of
fipaxbs, as T\4<papov of B\4<papov : and as in Gradua
 GRA
and Gravis. Bpaxis is ' exiguus, non profundus,'
Steph. 2825, &c, and from meaning shallow or of
slight depth, it could mean thin, slender : or short
and small in growth, slender. From ypaxiis could
be graceo or craceo, to be thin, which last word is
used by Ennius, and hence gracilis, as Facio, Facilis.
(a) Tpôxí>s, rough, i. e. sharp ; M. Kpâxis : a, as
caleo, arena, odium, &c. (3) Craceo from ypáai,
to eat. To be corroded, emaciated. ?
Grâcûlus, jackdaw. Kopaxias is a jackdaw, from
n6pa£, KÓpaxos, a raven ; whence coraculus, craculus,
graculus, as GRates. (2) KpáÇu, KÍKpàya, to croak.
(3) From the sound gra, gra. ' Ex vocibus avium,'
says Quintilian.
Grâdâtim, i. e. gradibus.
Grâdïlis panis, given from the bake-house steps
in every district of the city, ' gradibus dispensus ab
altis,' Prudent.
Gradior seems properly to have the notion of
slow progress, or going step by step or in a pacing
manner. Seneca : A cursu ad gradum reduci, ' from
a quick to a slow pace.' Hence, as from Bá\avos
through TaAavos was Glans, and r\é<papov was
B\c<papov, gradior was a word ypaSiovfiai from
PpaSiis, ypaSvs. Indeed gradus may be fSpaibs
itself, and from that can be gradior.
Grâdîvus, Mars. Usually derived from gradior,
to stalk ; or KpaSiw, to brandish i. e. the spear. But,
as A is long, it is from grandis for grandivus, grad-
divus, as Tetricus from Teter, Tetrus, Unicus from
Unus; or, with Donaldson, from 1 gravis or grandis
Divus.'
Gradus, a step. See Gradior.
Graecor, I use the luxurious manner Grœcorum.
Grœcus, Graius. TptuKÓs.
Grallœ, stilts. Gradior, graduiez.
Grâmen, grass. From ypda, to eat; through
yeypaiiévov. As ypiaris, grass, is referred by Eu-
stathius to ypda, iad'iu. So fiordvrt from &ów, fìó<rKa>.
The ox that eateth grass, is frequently said in the
Old Testament. TpSytir uypuoriv /xtAir/Sea, Horn,
(a) Dr. Turton : ' For gradimen from gradior, to
creep along. From the extension of its roots.'
Whence inoculation in grass.
Grainiac, rheum in the eye. As 0aAibs, vaRius ;
<rijAio, seRia, for glamiœ from y\d/j.ri. Festus :
Gramiœ quas alii glamas vocant.
Gramma, the 24th part of an ounce. Tpajj.p.ipiov
from ypáfifia, there being 24 letters.
Grammateus, Grammâtïcus. OS.
Granârium, from granum.
Grandis, great. As Vireo, Viridis, so granum,
granidis, grandis : as big as grain : or, as Voss ex
plains it, ' qui granum habet,' citing ' grandia farra,
grandia frumenta, messes vegrandes.' (2) With
the N introduced as in deNsus, saNcio, taNgo, for
gradis for gradior. One who marches or stalks
61
GRO
along ; stately, great, or grand. (3) From grando.
As big as hail.
Grando, hail. Festus from grandis. A larger
drop of rain, (a) Becman from granum, whence
granidum, as Vivum, Vividum ; then grandum and
grando. In size as large as grain. Or, as Libido,
CupTdo, so granum, granido, grando.—Hall from
granum, unda. As Venundo, Vendo.
Grânum, grain. From ypda, to eat, ' as Hebrew
Bar, grain, from Baurah, to eat : ' Voss. Also a
kernel, as being somewhat similar to a grain of
corn.
Grâphïcus, Grâphis, Graphium. GR.
Grassâtor, a parasite, who goes up to the rich and
bores them for meat ; hence a poor poet. An ag
gressor, bandit. Gradior, grassum, grassor.
Grates, thanks. XápiTís, xP9Tfs-
Gratia, thanks : grates. Also good-will, favor,
i. e. faciens gratum.
Grâtise, the Graces, as Xcfpn-es. Above.
Gratis, gratis. For gratiis, by mere good offices :
used by Terence.
Grâtor, I congratulate : show that another's pros
perity is (grata) grateful to me. Or I please another
by showing good-will.
Grâtuïtus, given gratis.
Grâtûlor, like Grator.
Grâtus, grateful. Grates, (a) Diid. connects it
with xalVû)-
Gravëdo, stuffing of the head. Gravis, as Dul-
cedo.
Gravis, heavy. As Glans from Tdxavos jEolic for
BdXayos, and TKctpapov Moiic of B\é<papov, 80 gravis
from $apvs, transp. $pats, (as Sípxw, Sapxùiv, Spaxdv,)
Mo\. ypabs, and gra Vis, as Sis, oVis. See on Gra
dior.
Gravo. Grave facio.
Graxo, cry out. Kpc££«, {«.
Grëmium, lap. The lap, in which we carry any
thing ; from gero, whence (as Almus from Alo,
Alimus,) gerimus, and gerimium as Prseemo, Praec-
mium, Premium ; Obsto, Obstium, Ostium : Sug-
grundium. Then shortened to gremium. (a) From
Kpt/iiu, to hang from. But this is rather said of
the breast or neck than of the lap.
Gressus. Gradior, grassus.
Grex, gregis, a slock. James Bailey : 'Aytpa,
'yipa, gerex, grex. Or possibly from perf. Ifyepxa,
Ijypcxa. (a) Grex from npil-a fut. of Kpi(o>, to
vociferate : from the cawing together of rooks. So
some read in Plautus, Cave ne graxis, and in Lucre
tius prograxe or procraxe. E, as grAssus, grEssus.
Griphus, riddle. Tpîipos.
Grôma, Grûma, instrument to measure the ground
for a camp. As kN^km, cReperus, from yvapta, i. q.
yvéfittìv, a rule.
Grossus, in Amobius, thick, crassus. In Celsus
 G RU
and Pliny, an unripe fig. From Kpvóeis, Kpovs, icy ;
and therefore hard, unripe, and also thick, (a) As
Kftip, Keop, Cor ; so icpéas, Kpéos, whence crossus as
Crassus from Kpçcurffós.
Grûmus, hillock of earth, &c. Dacier from gruo,
congruo : for gruimus : a collection of earth, stones,
&c. (3) Kpufibs, whence Kpvp.á$ris, frozen, icy.
Thus anything concrete.
Grundîles Lares, honored for a sow {grunda)
which brought forth 30 pigs, (a) For suggrundiles;
presiding over such infants as did not live 40 days
and were buried in a suggrunda. Fulgentius calls
infants' tombs suggrundaria.
Grundio, Grunnio, to grunt. From ypv, a grunt,
or ypvÇu, to grunt.
Grus, a crane. Tiptuios, yépaos, ypâos, ypûs,grus,
as ipslp, fUr.
Gryllus, a cricket. From the sound ypv, says
Scheide. Tpiwos in Greek was a pig, from the
same sound; which seems to have represented as
well the grunt of the pig and the chirp of the cricket.
Gryps, Grypus. GR.
Gûberno, I steer. KvjScprfi.
Giila, the gullet. Teiw to make to taste : as <pHpa,
sera. (3) Via\ov, yvhov, a cavity.
Gumen, i. q. gummi.
Gumia, glutton. róp-os, ballast, saburra, whence
Plautus has Saburratus, stuffed with good cheer.
U, as gUmmi. (a) rt/tai, yiyo/na, to be full. (3)
revfiat a taste.
Gummi, gum. K6p.ni.
GURDUS, doltish. A Spanish word, as Quinti-
lian was informed. The Spanish gordo is fat.
Gurges, whirlpool. For ggrages, gyrges, from
gyrum ago, as in the verb Mergo and Navigo. (a)
Or from yopyhs, fierce.
Gurgulio, Curculio, the weasand of the throat.
rapyapeòiv, JEol. ybpyopeàtv, (as KdXafxos, k6\o/j.os,
Culmus,) gurgurio and gurgulio as \eiPtov, liLium.—
Also a small worm in corn : nothing, says Servius,
but throat. As Kapls is a shrimp, all KÍpa, head.
Gurgustium, a poor hut, narrow room. From the
narrowness of the {gurgulio) windpipe, says Perot,
guided by Festus. For gurgulustium, I vanishing as
in Parens : LU, as veneNIfica, venefica ; sempERi-
ternus, sempiternus ; idoLOlatry, idolatry, (a)
Cicero uses it for a brothel ; hence from gurges, a
spendthrift.
Gusto, taste. reliai, yéyevoyai.
Gntta, drop. Xvrà, xwttì, poured out.
Guttâtus, spotted as guttis, with drops. Chaucer:
Bedropped all with tears.
Guttur, throat. Ttíu, yéycvfTai, yíytvrrai, as
xíorir, JE. irÍTTiî. So also Gvla. From the taste
of things there. Theocritus : Me'Ai toi yXvicv toOto
Korà fìpóxSoto yivaiTO. So in the Psalms: Yea
sweeter than honey to my THROAT, (a) From
62
H^ER
Xvtos, xfTT°s> whence Gutta. Where liquids are
poured down.—Ainsworth from gutta : ' Quòd cibus
et potus per guttur guttatim labitur.' (3) From
the sound gut gut, made by the throat in drinking.
See Guttus.
Guttus, a vessel with a narrow mouth. The
liquor flowing out {guttis) by drops, or so poured
into it : the Greeks calling the latter ítïi^íkó.Çu> from
4ieKas, and the Latins Irroro. (B) From the sound
gut gut. (3) Tovros, an oil-cruet, in Etym. M.
Gymnas, Gymnasium, Gymnastïcus, Gymnïcus,
Gynsecëum, Gypsum, Gyrus. GR.
H.
Ha, in ridicule or censure. Liddell : & & or 2 2,
to express laughter.
Hâhëna, a hold ; a rein. Habeo, to hold. A rein,
as held in the hand, (as is seen in Gr. rçcíoxos,) or
as holding in the horses.
Habeo, I hold, have. As /utSAil, madEO, so
habeo, to hold, from à<pím, to handle ; B, as ve<kihn,
neBula. Freund from &ira>, iiirra, whence indeed is
wpi*. (a) Donldn. compares havêre, to wish, and
habere, to have, by what he calls the principle of
association. He compares \iasia both senses. But ?
Hábïlis. From habeo. Fit to be handled, worn
or used. Ovid: Vestis bona quaerit haberi. Cicero:
Calcei habiles et apti ad pedem. Hence in general,
fit, suitable, apt, &c.
Hâbïto, dwell. From habeo, habitum i. e. domum.
Plautus : Quis isthic habet ? So %xel Soph. Phil.
22. So To keep, at Cambridge. Habito is used by
Verrius for having frequently.
Habitûdo, Habitus. Gr. t{is, axh^a, ' quo quis
se habet,' ' quod quis habet.'
Hicc. If Hie is rightly derived in its proper
place, the unusual form of hœc will be accounted
by JEol. S. k( or & y(, corrupted by transp. to fie/c or
Hey, hœc or hceg ; the latter becoming hœc as vvvy',
nunG, nunC. So the pi. neut. hœc is & ne or S -ye.
Or thus : 8. <te, hace, haec. So &v k and 6V «' are
hanc and hunc.
Haedus. See Hœdus.
Hsemorrhoïs. hlp.o^oh.
Hsereo, stick to. From alpéa, to seize, grasp.
Others from aipéw, aípéo/xai, to select, and so to
stick to.
Hseres, Heres, heir. Usually and best referred in
a figurative sense to hœreo. Qui hœret alterius ves-
tigiis, hœret in tergo, insequitur. Thus íx°luu<
hœreo, is ' metaph. to be closely connected with ;
hence to lay hold on, claim, take possession of : '
Lidd. (a) Forcellini thinks it better referred to
hërus : the new or next proprietor. But the quan
tity and the diphthong are both objections. (3)
Riddle from x%>os> bereft.
 HiER
Haerësis, Haerëtïcus. GR.
Haesïto. Hœreo, hœsum.
Halcyon, Hâlec : See Alcyon, Alec.
Ilâliaeëtus, sea-eagle. 'Ahiateròs.
Halo, I breathe out. As clâdes from kKoSos, so
Mlo from x&*-°°i relaxo, remitto. Virgil : Et bibit
humorem et cùm vult ex se ipsa remittit. H, as
Xópros, Hortus. (a) As Haurio from 'Apia, Haud
from OûS', so halo from &a, Sij/iíi, to breathe. L in
serted, as in feLix, fiLins, fuLica.
Hâlôsis, Haltêr. GR.
Háma, water-bucket. "Apri in Plutarch.
Hâmaxo, I yoke to an SífiaÇa, waggon.
Hâmus, a fisher's hook. ' Xa/ibs, Hesych. Kafí-
wv\os, curved, whence Lat. hamus:' Steph. 10363.
(2) From &iífía, from Hwrm, to fasten. ' From which
the bait is suspended : ' Forcell. From a/i/tbs, says
Ain8worth. (3) Haigh : From &fin, a reaping-
hook. ?
Hanc. "Ay k, or &v y'.
Hâphê, wrestlers' sand. 'A<^.
Hàra, a coop for animals. As Xópros, Hortus, so
hara from x&P"it tne ? dropt " fugâ vastioris literse,"
as Cicero calls it. So the old yivai£ makes Voc.
yvvtu : and «o^XÍaS makes in Latin Cochlea. Xci-
paf, says Stephens, seems said for tÓttos x^P"il
•Kcpnrç<ppœyp.4vos, and Hesychius explains it <ppayfibs,
sepimentum, septum.
Hâriolus, Ariôlus, a diviner. Dumesnil : ' For
fariolus fromsari.' Thus also Donatus. As from
*eS, Pheu, is Heu, and Herba from *e'p/3a>. And
from Fari is Bifariam. â, as dïcax from dico.
Olus, as Sciolus, Aquariolus. (a) From ara. The
ancient Glosses explain it Pwhoo-kóttos. (3) Hara.
As busied with the sties. See Aruspex.
Harmônia. 'Apfiovia.
Harpa, a harp. "Aprtv, a scythe. As curved like
a scythe at the end.
Harpago, a drag. 'Apwayri.
Harpago, I drag. 'Apirdfa, àpirâyâ.
Harpastum, Harpê, Harpuise. GR.
Háruspex. See Aruspex.
Hasta, spear. From obs. hando whence pre-
hendo. Hondo, hastum, as Haurio, Haustum ; Torreo,
Tostum. Handled, grasped, as Homer "Eyxos ixwvt
holding his spear, or, to use a Latin obsolete phrase, Festus says. And Scaliger calls the H an imitation
hastam handens. Indeed tyxos itself is for ixos
from %xai *° hold, (a) As Haurio from 'Apia,
hasta for asta from asto. ' Ab astando in foro ; as
the sign of an auction, whence hasta means an
auction : ' Ainsw. (3) From a word axacrrh, from
ax<*C<°, €irxa<rTa'> to cut open, lance. As Hio from
Hasta, an auction. For it was the custom, at the helvus for the sound, as in Horreo, Humerus, and
sale of things taken in war, to put up a S PEAR in our Hermit. ' Quòd hujus vis elutior est,' to use
token of their being taken.
Hastâti, the first line in the legion, as anciently irriguo nihil est elutius horto,' Forcellini explains
63
HEL
armed with a spear. Ennius : Hastati spargunt
hastas.
Hastîle, the wood of the hasta.
Haud, Haut, not. From où5\ H added for
euphony, as in Haurio, Honor. The ancients, says
Forcellini, said aud and aut. The latter from oSt.
A, as Aurichalcum from Obpelxahnos.
Have : See Ave.
Haurio, draw up. Corrupted from ipia.
Hebdomas, Hëbë. GR.
Hëbes, dull, stupid. Stephens : ' 'A/8))s, explained
by Hesych. without comprehension, without under
standing; and so Suidas. So Hesych. has àjSày,
simple.' H added, as in Haud, Haurio, Humerus,
and our Hermit. E, as in brEvis, dEnsus, grEssus,
pEssulus, pEUex.
Hëcâtë, Hëcâtombus, Hëcyra. GR.
Hëdëra, Edëra, ivy. For hetera, as /SaTbc, vaDum ;
Span. ciuDad from civiTatis. From e-rdpa, as never
growing by itself, but accompanying something else.
A parasitic plant. E, as t&kAvtov, talEntum. (a)
As H is added in our Hermit, and in the Latin
Humerus, so hedera for edera from edo, as in Patera.
As corroding the tree to which it clings. ' Sicut ubi
ingratas hederas amplexibus ilex Excipit
Ilia? arctos furtim sinuant in cornice nodos, Et
truncos rigido morsu PASCUNTUR : ' Oxf. Prize
Poem for 1827.
Hëdychrum, sweet ointment. GR.
Hei, alas ! From ei, oh if, would to God that !
H, as Haud. (a) Soft for hoi, so used ; from of.
Helciârius, a hauler. "EA/ta, I draw.
Helcium, Hëlëpolis, Hëlïcë, Hellëbôrus. GR.
Hëlops, Elops, some fish. "Ehanfi.
Helvella, a small kind of cabbage. Perhaps from
heleus, from its color, (a) ' From anc. helus for
holm or olus : ' Fore. Heluella.
Heluo, Helluo, glutton. Dacier : ' Qui eluit, dis
sipât sua bona.' Thus Plautus: 'Volo, eluamus
hodie.' And Columella, ' Ponticum Phasim eluant'
i. e. says Forcellini, in order to fill their tables and
(as Juvenal says) eat their patrimony up at one
meal. Like an eluvies. ' But why the H ? ' says
Becman : ' To point out more clearly his disgusting
avidity : for the word becomes more animated, as
of the vomiting.' Becman seems however to under
stand eluo as in Plautus : ' Epotum, exutum, elotum
(or elulum) in balneis.' (a) 'EkAiW, 4\\iay. (3)
'E^oMiW, iWvaiv. (4) 'E\àc, seizing. (5)
Donldn. from x^osi x*A^os> a "P- ■'
Helvus, pale-red. As Muto, Mutuus ; Ambigo,
Ambiguus; so eluo, eluus, elvus, (See Alvus,) and
Pliny's words of another matter. Horace's 'caule
 HEM
' Saporem habet velut aquâ elutum et insipidum.'
Diluted.
Hem, an interjection of very various uses, and,
says Scheide, formed from the sound. But like
ovtós <ru, hoa ! hem may be put for em, eum. So in
the sense of lo ! Or from fy, lo ! M, as iiovaaN,
musaM. These senses seem nearly to pervade all
the meanings of the word.
Hêmi : the words beginning thus are Greek,
W» • rather the derivation of hoc, hie is soft for hisc from
Hêpar, Heptëres. GR.
Hëra, mistress. From herus.
Hërœa, feast of Juno. 'Hpcúa.
Herba. From $4p$a, as *eû, Heu. So fiorívri
from fi&u, póffKte. Or at once from ipopfii.
Herbum, the same as Ervum.
Hercêus Jupiter. 'Epxttos.
Hercisco, Ere., I sever. From êpxos, a fence, or
ep7ai, *'tpyt», I keep off.
Hercle. For Hercule.
Herctum ciere, to divide an estate. Cio is from
<rX'íù, to divide, as 2$óAAo>, Fallo ; herctum is what
is severed off, an estate : Gr. épKTÓv.
Hercules. 'HpaK\rjs, 'HpKaAíjy.
Here, Hëri, yesterday. From x^s> X*fy> as
tiS, tiP. Hence for softness her, and abl. here or
heri. From x"«*> ^es> is also hesiternus, hesternus,
as Sempiternus.
Heres, heir. See Hares.
Hères, hedgehog. See Eres.
Hëri. See Here.
Herma, Hermes, Mercury. GR.
Hernia, a rupture. From ipvos, a branch, as
Ramex from Ramus. ' For, when the intestine
begins to fall into the scrotum, it seems to form a
branch : ' Voss.
Hêroïcus, Héros, Herpës. GR.
Hcrus, master of a family. Herus is not only the
master of a family, but any master. Horace : ' Nam
propria; TELLURIS herum, ' &c. Hence herus
from the old Ipa, the ground, whence Ipafc. Master
of the land, as Dominus is master (domûs) of the
house, but is said conversely of the land : as Horace :
' Terrarum dominos.' H prefixed as in Haurio,
Honor, (a) From eïpú>, 4pû, whence eïpepos is
bondage, servitude. Herus, qui alios sibi in servi-
tutem adserit.
Hesperus, evening star. GR.
Hesternus. See Here.
Hëtsericê. 'EratpiK^.
Heu, alas ! *eE.
Heurëtës, inventor. GR.
Heus, holla ! From <pev, says Dacier. *eû being
an exclamation not only of grief, but of wonder : as
Heu also is used in Plautus, and as Heus is used in
Mn. 7. 116: Heus.' etiam mensas consumimus.
Or rather <ptG ere, <pe5 a" : i. e. <pct ! <re Kakw. So
64
1IIR
Aristoph. Av. 274, Ootoj, Si o-e toi. See Matthias,
§ 427.
Hexameter, Hexërës. GR.
Hi, Hae. OÎ, AÍ.
Hibernus. See Hybernus.
Hibiscum, marsh-mallow. "I&vkos.
Hie, this. As Is from *Oj, Hie for Olle, so hie
from 8 «', i. e. 8 /ce; or from 8 y' (II. 5. 184, 185),
i. e. 8 yc, as vvfTf, vvvl", nunC. Or, as this is
8j k' or 8s 7'. Thus Atque, Atq, Ate, Ac. (2)
From is and ce as in Ecce. For isc'.
Hie, here. For $k(, &ik, hoic, as Qui ablative is
Quoi.
Hiems. See Hyems.
Hïëra, Gr. iepà, sacred. ' Muretus thinks it was
a line in the middle of the stadium, as being sacred.
Lipsius thinks it was a crown consecrated to the
Gods in an equal combat, whence Gr. Upbv troifitrBai
sc. (rrtyavov : and Seneca hence has hieram faccre
sc. corônam. Hiera too is an antidote so called : '
Fore.
Hïëro , all Greek.
Hïëto, I gape. Hio. Much as Halo, Halïtus.
Hïlâri8, cheerful. 'IXopiíí.
Hillse, the inwards. Hira, hirulte.
Hïlum, a black spot in a bean, ' a very nothing,'
says Ainsworth. From <pav\oy, worthless. Not
only could <pai\os produce Vilis, but <pav\ov Philum
and Hilum, as #eD became Heu. The A dropt as
clAUdo, inclUdo, and as O in /tOTo-o, mUsa : and I
for T, as <ppTya, frlgo. Thus our Fist is the German
Faust.
Hinc, hence. From hie, as Illic, Illinc; Iste,
Istinc. Hie is for hisc; hence himc, like Im the
ancient accusative of Is.
Hinnio, to neigh. From the sound, say Forcel-
lini and Becman. (2) From hinnus, a nag. ?
Hinnûlus, -leus : a fawn. ' Gr. ïvvoi were the
offspring of animals. Gloss. Tlvis
: "\wovs, TtáìSas.
Hesych. : "lvvr\, KÒpri : ' Voss. is a son in
Euripides.
Hinnus, the product of a horse and she-ass.
"Wos or ïwos.
Hio, to yawn, open. As Scio, Scisco, so hisco
from hio, and this from o*xiá> fut- °f 0xKui to split
open, as itpaWu, Fallo; Xópros, Hortus. (2)
Obs. ywu and (as i//áo>, ^t'w,) chio, hio.
Hipp , all from the Greek.
Hir, palm of the hand. Xcfp.
Hira, the ' empty gut. ' Pateo, patera ; hio,
hiera, hira, open, empty. Compare Hieto. (2)
'Ifpà, sacred : by some fanciful allusion.
Hircus, Hirquus, he-goat ; smell of the arm-pits.
Hirtus, hirticus as Tetricus; then hircus. Goats
having shaggy hair.
llirnca, Irnea, a goblet. Scaliger : ' From ípvcov,
 HIR
as representing the figure of a bird.' As *Op.fipos,
Imbris : Olle, llle. (2) Nonius reads cirnea or cyr-
nea. From Kipyáu to mix s as xparrip from Kepávvv/ii.
Hirrio, Irrio, to snarl. From the letter R, or
doubled RR. Called Canîna litera.
Hirsûtus. Haigh says : ' From xfP°'<^'lst uacol-
tivated, and soUlna.—But,
rough.' AsasXópros, Hortus ; TEyya,
tlngo ; TilXvo, "Ofifipos, Imbris ; Olle,
llle, so hirsutus for horsutus from horreo, horsum,
as Verto, Versum, Versutus. Thus horridus also is
rough, shaggy. Behold a series of formation :
Horreo, horsum, horsutus, hirsutus, hirtus, hirticus,
hircus.
Hirtus. For hirsûtus.
Hïrûdo, a leech. Eìpóc» poët. for ipia, to draw,
pull: from its drawing blood. Udo, as Testûdo.
H, as Haurio.
Hïrundo, a swallow. Here is a great change.
XeXtSSvos was transposed to x'*-^6vos, whence
XiAeNSiivos, as naNBdvai, a-xdNSaKov, spleNdeo, saN-
cio. Hence hilendinis, as Xópros, Hortus ; and
hilundinis, as suggrUndium à suggerEndo, catapUlta
from itaToirEXTT/i, vEUo vUlsus. Finally hirundinis,
as cceRuleus for cceLuleus, seRia from mjAia, vaRius
from $a\iis.
Hisco, to gape, open. Scio, scisco ; hio, hisco.
Hispïdus, rough. For hiscipidus from hisco, much
as Sospitis, and the substantives Caespitis and Gr.
«AcíTTríSts, Kiviiirera. So Secespita. With chaps and
gaps, rough, rugged. (2) For hipsidus from Sif/os,
as Gelidus, Herbidus. With many eminences, bristly,
prickly. Thus «parais, rough, is referred by Eusta-
thius to xpdvov, caput.
Historia, history. GR.
Histrio. Festus states that these players were so
called as coming from Histria. Histrio then is a
Histrion. (2) "larwp, Xaropos, (lo-rpos,) skilled.
(3) Donldn. allies it to ío-os, ìto-xw : A mimic actor.
Hiulcus, gaping. Hio, as Petulcus.
Hoc. See Hie.
Hodie, to-day. Hoc die.
Hœdus, Hiedus, a kid. As Providens, Proi'dens,
Prudens, so horridus, hóídus, hœdus, like irOIvi;,
pŒna. From its shaggy hair. Thus Hircus from
Hirtus, Hirticus, as Teter, Tetricus. Varro and
others support the M, but Dausque defends the Œ.
And Quintilian states that the ancients said Œdus,
and Ircus : but this they seem to have done from
indolence. (2) Haigh: 'From aïîrjî, Hell. For
goats and kids were sacrificed to the infernal gods.'
(3) Others from fœdtis, filthy, as French Hors from
Foris : or from yotros, dirt, in Hesychius ; or from
fœtus or fetus, an offspring. Varro says that ' the
Sabines called fedus, what in Rome was hedus, and
in many places by the addition of A, hAldus.' This
seems a lame account of the A.
Hoi, ah ! OT.
65
HOR
HolScaustum, holocaust. 'Okóicavtrrov.
Homo. For hiimo, says Riddle, from humus, i. e.
earthborn, formed from the earth. And so Lactan-
tius : but Quintilian laughs at this derivation : ' As
if all animals had not this origin.' Yet men are
called 6vt)to\ and Mortales, Mortals, though all ani
mals are so. We have sOboles from sUboles, and
Humanus with the U. — Yet better from x0^05
JEoìic of xocta whence xafutóee, as arpOrbs for
orpArbs, 'Ov^p for 'Airiip. We have Hortus from
Xópros, and thus also is Humus from Xopds. This
derivation agrees well with homo being used of a
woman as well as of a man. (2) From fytoS : man
being a social being.
Homceomeria. 'Op.oiofi.tpia.
Hômuncio. Homo: and perhaps undo. Worth
a mere ounce.
Hônestus, Hônesto. Honos.
Honos, Honor. From èvos, S>vop, a price, value,
payment, as Tim, to value, honor, is also to pay,
and TiopM, to exact payment. H added as in Hau
rio, Horreo. si to 0, as <pHpa, sera ; olor from tpSbp,
ipSis. (2) From hvaas, hvai, ovr)ut, to aid, profit,
delight. From the ancient òcí), whence bvivtip.i,
says Becman. (3) Forcell. from aivot. ?
Hoplômâchus, H5ra, Hóraeum. GR.
Horda, same as Forda. As French Hors from
Foris.
Hordeum, barley. Horridus, hordus, bristly : as
Calidus, Caldus ; Valdè.
Horia, a small skiff. From Spos, a boundary,
allied to Ora, a coast. As skirting the shore. See
Ora.
Horizon, horizon. 'Opifav.
Hornòtïnus, the same as Hornus, as Annotinus,
Serotinus.
Hornus, of this year's growth, "slpo, a season ;
&pivbs, (as ÒTTíópa, ÒTrúpivos,) of the season. Or wpos,
' a season ; the year,' Lidd. (2) Hora,
Hôrôlôgium, Horoscope GR.
Horreo, stand erect or at an end, to bristle : hence,
to be in fear, with the hair at an end, as Obstupui
steteruntque comae; Horrueruntque comae. From
Apapa, I have arisen; whence bpupitt, bffyiw. H
added for the sound, as in Haurio; indeed it is
retained in àppù, ópuda, and in Hortor from Sprat
third person.
Horreum, barn. 'íipeîor: this from &pa. It is also
written ùpûov : this from &pa, care. (2) Hordeum. ?
Horridus, rough. Horreo.
Horsum, hitherward. Hue vorsum, as Quorsum.
Hortor, I excite. From Spa, Sprai, bpréop.ai,
ovuat; the aspirate added as in Horreo, Haurio:
indeed it appears in òpph, épuda.
Hortus. Liddell: 'Xópros, strictly an enclosed
place, but seemingly always with collateral notion
of a feeding place : in Iliad a straw-yard : generally
 HOS
any feeding ground, as x<fyw°' Lottos, x- (CSevSpoi,
XÓpros obpavov the expanse of heaven.' Hence it
could easily pass in hortus to an orchard, garden,
pleasure-ground. (2) "Opxaros, (orctus, ortus,)
orchard, garden. (3) 'Eptcrbs, enclosed. Thus not
only HErctum, an estate, was said, but HOrctum.
(4) Orior, ortum. Ubi oriuntur herbae. ?
Hospes, stranger, guest. From Hottios, Mol. for
ííttioí, 4<pécmos, sitting at the hearth as a suppliant.
iËschylus : IkÌtiìs ko! Zòfitav ê<péo-rtos èfx&v. As
Bios, Thus ; so cWios, (criris, hospes, as cOrcyra from
nEpuupa. (2) From íaris, M. Sottiî: whoever he
may be, a stranger. Virgil : Egredere, o QUICUN-
QUE es, ... succède penatibus hospes. See on
Hostis. This would better account for the other
sense of ' the host :' both being strangers to the
other. 'Hospes ab hospite tutus,' Ov. Thus £eVos
meant both.
Hostia, victim. Ovid says, from hostis: Hos-
tilius a domitis hostia nomen habet. As offered up
at the rout of an enemy, as Victima from Victus.—
But, as Herba from tofpfiu, and Heu from *e0, and
as nOctis from v^ktòs, so hostia from (puoria, Mol.
for Bvovía, a sacrifice. Ennius has a verb hostio, to
strike, from BvaríÇu, Bvotiû, M. <pvaTiû.
Hostio, I requite. ' Perhaps from hostus, a cer
tain measure of oil : ' Forcell. As Matth. 7. 2 :
With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to
you again. (2) To be hostis, an enemy to an
enemy. But Festus explains hostimentum 1 bene-
ficii pensatio.' (3) From hostio, to strike. See
Hostia.
Hostis. It meant originally a foreigner, some
times regarded in the barbarous times with feelings
of antipathy, and it therefore meant also an enemy.
From Scrm, whoever he is, whatever his name.
Euripides, Hel. 314: rbv ìKBòvB' "02TI2 «forìc ò
EENOS. So Bacch. 246. Hec. 600. Virgil : Egre
dere, O QUICUNQUE es: QUISQUIS es . . .
Tyriain qui adveneris urbem. So, tho' with dif
ferent feelings, ' of a God, when in doubt about his
name, they used to say lest they should mistake,
QUISQUIS es:' Adam's Rom. Antiq. (2) From
&ari\s, from HBte, whence ùB'tÇouai, ' to struggle, to
be in hot dispute, Lat. altercor : ' Lidd. So ùBurpbs
xóyuv is ' a struggle of words, hot debate. ' (3)
From uo-rbs, one pushed or forced back. ? (4) For
fostis from forts : Ridd. ?
Hostus, the quantity of oil which olives yield at
each pressing. As xovs ana* X0^vl£ are used of
liquid measures, from xfal> or X^a> xa'"'vl1'< so
X<"o"rbs (put down as the Greek of this word by
Forcellini, but without authority) may have had this
sense, and have produced hostus. (2) 'iUrrhs, capa
ble of being thrust (out). ?
Hu. The Gr. 8.
Hue, hither. Hie, Hie, like Illlc, Illùc. From
66
$k(, $k', as (p!lp, fUr. So Eò, Quo, are properly
ablatives. Virgil has Hoc descendit, for Hue.
Hui, hah ! ah ! *«S, (pis.
Huic, for hoic, ^ «' or ó y.
Hûjus. See Cujus.
Húinânus. See Homo. The U is long, by some
such arbitrary change as on the other hand that of
dïcax from dico.
Hûmecto, to wet. Humeo, humidus.
Humerus, shoulder. From apuip Mol. of 5/ìoî, as
vóuof,
And U numerus. H added,
rn\m,as Ulna.
in Haurio, Horreo.
for u, as 's}\e'ca,
Hûmïdus, wet. Humor.
Humflis. Low on the (humus) ground. Aa
Facilis.
Húmo, bury. Place in humo.
Humor, moisture. From xumV Moi. of xvH-°*i
translated humor by Stephens. As Xápros, Hortus.
(2) From va, Sjntu, to rain. Hence could be vfifw
and iu6s. Humeo is in Ovid.
Humus, ground. From x0!105 -<Eolic for x<W*>
As Xópros, Hortus j "Oyxos, Uncus. (2) Lidd.
from 3a>. Moist.
Hunc, Hanc, Sv k, ay or Sy y', an y', as NOv 7'
Nunc.
Hyacinthus, Hyâdes, Hysena, Hyalus. GR.
Hybernus, wintry. Hyems, hyemis, hyemernus,
as jEternus ; then hymernus, hybernus, as HoXybs
and WloXyós. So scaBellum.
Hybrida, mongrel. ""T&piSa acc.
Hydra, Hydraules, Hydria, Hydrops, Hydras. GR.
Hyems. From a word Hubs from 8ei. The rainy
season. (2) A corruption from xe'Ms, X'*MS>
chiems, hiems as Xápros, Hortus. Or from x"">, to
pour.
Hygëa, Hylë, Hymen, Hymënaius, Hymnus,
Hyperbôreus, Hypocausta, Hypocrites, Kypôthêca,
Hyssôpum, Hystericus, Hystrix. GR.
I, J.
Iacchus, Bacchus. "Iokxoí.
Jaceo. Jacio me. As Pendo, Pendeo.
Jacio, says Haigh, from faxta. Mol. of tiaxio>.
As Zvybv, Jugum. (2) Za-Ktia allied to KtSftai. (3)
'Ic£aa», Idirra, iaíyw, remitto, all point to a verb Ida
(as y\iía, \f/í\\w ; Sda, tiáirru ; pdu, fìaívu,) allied to
triai, to throw. From the pers. íaxa might be an
jEolic word iaittÇw, lamâ, jacio, as Jam is for lam,
'Idawv Jason. Indeed Ida is established by idouat,
remitto, ' liquefacio, liquefaciendo foveo, sano,'
Hemsterh.
Jacto, I toss. Jacio, jactum. I boast: 'Sejactet'
Mn. 1. 140.
Jactûra, a throwing away. Jacio.
Jâcûlor, I throw ajacuhim.
Jaculum, javelin, &c. Jacio.
 JAM
Jam. For tarn (formed like ii, iis,) the same as
earn, acc. fern, of is. At this hour or season, like
in TtvUa (like oùtÍko), like the feminine Alias,
and Unquam for Unicam. Thus 1iom> became
Jason, Tpola TroJa. Sometimesjam is said of the
past, as Quod jam faciebas, Cic. Here is is the
same as Ille.
Iambus, a foot marked u - . "lap.$os.
Jâna, the Moon. From Janus, the Sun. (2) For
Diana. As Journal from Diurnus.
Janitor, doorkeeper. Januitor.
Ianthïna. 'iivBiva.
Jânua, gate, door. From Janus, who presided
over gates and entrances. Gloss. Philoxeni : ' Janus,
Bvpáìos 8e6s.' Macrobius : ' Apud Grsecos Apollo
colitur Bvpaios, ejusque aras ante fores suas cele
brant. Apud nos Janum omnibus praeesse januis
nomen ostendit, quod simile Ovpaltp, nam cum clavi
figuratur, quasi omnium portarum custos.' (2) Eo,
eâna, eanua : Schw.
Jânuârius, January, like Februarius. Sacred to
Janus. Ovid : Primus ut est Jani mensis. (2) Ja-
nua : the door or beginning of the other months. ?
Janus seems to be Zâvbs jEol. of Zyvbs, as Zvybv,
Jugum. (2) Eo, Eanus. As Gr. vwep-iuv.
Iâpyx, Jgis, wind blowing from Iapygia.
Iaspis, jasper, "loams.
Ibex, wild goat. "Ij8u|, says Forcellini : but this
was a bird. Rather from l0ia to strike, in Hesy-
chius : or from Ïtttw, lirov or îfiov.
Ibï, there. For ibu' or ibus, the old abl. plur. of
is, and used by Plautus : as Hie, Hibus ; Qui,
Quibus. That is, in iis locis.
Ibidem. Ibi and idem. Or dem as in Tantun-
dem. See Itidem.
Ibis, the bird. "l&ts.
Ibiscum. See Hibiscum.
Ichneumon. 'Ixveûpwv.
Ico, I hit. James Bailey : ' From lum, M. Ïkw.
(Ed. T. 809, Kdpa KeVrpoicri koBÍkvto, came down
with a blow upon : Schol. &rai<re ; Brunck, feriit.'
(2) As TrfpvKa was a new verb from ire'cpuira, ire-
(ppinw from TÍ(ppiKa, &c. so from %a, 1i<ro>, tîita could
be a verb eí/c», whence ico ; the aspirate dropt, as
in Ulcus, Apto, Equus, &c. "Em or %u is to throw,
smite. (3) Haigh : ' Ab alxà for aìiciÇu, to treat
indignantly, beat with stripes.' (4) Cut down from
jacio, iacio. (5) "Itttid, îiroy, hrû, JE. Ikû.
Icôn, Ictërïcus. GR.
Ictus, a blow. Ico, ictum.
Id. As /* from is, so id from 4 îè, i 5\ So
Aliud is &K\o íè, &WO S'. And Illud and Istud are
similarly to be traced.
Idcirco, on account of that. Circo abl. of circus.
See Circa. So ipupi and our About are used.
Idea, an idea. 'I8éo.
Idem, the same. For isdem, as in Pridem, Tan-
67
ILE
tundem. Priscian thinks that dem is for demùm.
Or for tandem. Or from Gr. 5' &v.
IdentTdem, now and then. Idem itidem : or idem
et idem : or item et item, for itentitem.
Ideo. Id eh spectat.
Idiôta, Idiôtismus, Idôlolatres, Idôlothytum, Idô-
lum. GR.
Idôneus, lit. Doderlein from ideò, as Ultro,
Ultroneus. And others from ÏSios, proper. E or I
omitted, as parlens, parens : janUitor, janitor. (3)
EÍSoî, species, particular kind; idoneus, special,
suited to the particular case.
Idûs, uum, the Ides. Iduo, to divide : see Viduo.
Horace : ' Idus tibi sunt agendae, Qui dies . . FIN-
DIT Aprilem.'
Idyllium. See Edyllium.
Jëcur, the liver. 'Hirop JE. ?ixap, hecur, jecur,
much as "twos and ylvvos, for our Garden and the
French Jardin are the same, ë, as <pHpa, fëra.
Jëjûnus, hungry. Diu, diunus ; or diutinus,
diunus. Who has been a long time in the same
state, here without food. Hence junus, as some
trace Jana to Diana, and as the Italian Giornále, our
Journal, from Diurnale. We pronounce solDIer
solJer. By redupl. jejunus, as IIoAùs, Populus ;
TÍAAoi, Titillo ; Cano, Cecini ; Cicindela, Cucurbita.
Jento. Jejunus, jejunito, I am hungry and there
fore break my fast, breakfast. Jeiunito, jento.
Igïtiir. As XeyfToI, AeyeTaP, legituR ; so c1y€ toI,
€fy€ToP, iffitur. ' If this is the case.' ï, as ïta. (2)
EÍ ye t tip, where t* is to, rot or re. (3) A
Friend's son suggests roiyap, transp. lyarbp, igitur,
as fmxkva, machina ; /ivprOs, myrtUs. The Father
says òytràp, I for 0, as Imber.
Ignârus, Ignâvus. In-gnarus, In-gnavus.
Ignis. From herbs JEo\. for lm>bs, a stove or
furnace. The thing held for the thing holding, as
Zona, a purse, from Zwvrj, a girdle. Thus exactly,
as the French say Jeu from Joco, Lieu from Loco, so
Feu, fire, from Foco, a hearth. (2) From aiyvys
(as rt/tfs, &c.) jEolic for aly\-ps, aiy\fcis, bright,
brilliant : as <^ÍNtis, ^N8f, j3e'NTi<rT0j jEol. for <piArts,
&c. I, as, àxAIol, achlvi. (3) For ingenis, ab in-
geno, whence ingenium. N omitted, as in Ignoro.
Heat vivifying and generating all things. But ignis
is fire, not heat.
Ignôbïlis. In-gnobilis from gnosco, as Nosco,
Nobilis. So
Ignômïnia. In-gnomen from gnosco, as Nosco,
Nomen.
Ignôro. In-gnoro. See Gnarus.
Ignosco, in-gnosco, I forgive and forget.
Ileiis, from tl\4os.
Ilex, holm-oak. °EXi|, poët. eÏAi{, is the winding
ofivy, and in ilex seems to be used as the oak round
which it winds. Horace : ' Arctiùs atque HEDERA
procera astringitur ilex.' (2) For illex, as Imus for
 ILI
Immus, whence Immò. From illicio. Properly,
attracting. Quae illicit hederam. Thus the Oxford
Poem for 1827 : ' Sicut ubi ingratas hederas AM-
PLEXIBUS ilex EXCIPIT.' For a like reason the
Helxiné is so called.
Ilia, the flank where are the small guts. From
t1\u or t\Aa>, to roll. From their constant convo
lution.
Uïcet. For ire licet, as Videlicet is Videre licet.
You may go : as said by the public crier in dismiss
ing the assembly. As after this it was immediately
dissolved, ilicet meant, immediately. It means also,
It is all over with you, like Actum est : It is too late,
you may go.
Ilîthyia, Diana. Ei\ts0ura.
Ille, the old olle, ole or ollus, from 5\Xos, (or
even &\Áos, as Sipttrros II. v. 154,) i. e. 6 &\\os, the
other, opposed to Hie, this. I, as "O/ifipos, Imbris.
It seeras to have followed Ipse, Iste. We may per
haps compare Vidêris, Vidêre.
Illëcëbrse, allurements. Lacio, illecio, whence
Illectus. As Vertebrae.
Illex, decoy-bird. See above.
Illïco, in loco, on the spot, without changing place,
directly, as alnixa, iis eTxf- See Statim.
Illïdo, I dash. Lœdo, as Collïdo.
Illustris. As Sublustris. From lustro, to look on
every side. That is, open to view.—Some under
stand lustro here, to purify. I think, says Forcel-
lini, that lustro is applied to the light, ' quia tenebrse
polluere mentem credebantur.' (2) From luceo,
lucsum, lucstrum, (as Rasum, Rastrum,) and lustrum,
whence lustro.
Illûvies. In, luo, Koiu, to wash, as Diluvies.
Either dirt not washed away, (as Injuria,) or mud
or dirt washed up.
Im : acc. of Is, as ítpts, Stptv. M, as MemphiM.
Imago. Imitor, imitago, like Vorago ; then imago.
And, as puMilus for puGMilus, stiMulus for stiG-
Mulus ; so imitor from a verb elyuaTÒofiat, ovuai,
from eìyfia, efyuaros, an image. I, as uaxAfà,
machina.
Imbêcillis, Uus, weak. ' From bacillus, for the
infirm lean upon a staff. Or rather from in much,
and vacilla : ' Forcell. The E is long ; yet we have
homo, hûmanus ; and, as many think, sëno, persona;
and v. v. nûbo, pronubus.
Imber, imbris, shower. "O/iPpot.
Imbrex, gutter-tile for imbres.
Imbulbïto, bedung. HóAfitroy.
Imbuo, I steep, soak. Bva, i/if3íw, to cram.
Here, to press down close in water.
Imïto, -tor. Zìyua, aros is a resemblance. Hence
tlyinmû, imito, as puGmilus, pumilus ; uaxA-m,
machina.
Immânis. Generally derived from in, not, and
the old mânus, good, from pdai, to desire, as Opti-
IN
mus from Opto, Aâffrot from AS. Or from 4pn&y)is,
furious, as some derive persona from persono. But,
as the original meaning seems to be ' huge, enor
mous,' it seems better derived (especially as it is
sometimes used in a good sense), from in, not, and
manus in the sense of pavhs, rare, thin. Haigh con
siders fiavbs here to mean wide, and in to be in
tensive.—Riddle alUes immanis with magnus.
Immen8us, which cannot be mensus, measured.
'A.u4rprrros.
Immïneo. See Afineo.
Immò, Imò. Infimus, inmtu, immus and imus.
In infimo i. e. postremo loco. That is, lastly I add
what is more. Or, ex imo, from the very bottom,
i. e. utterly, entirely, like Funditùs. Or, ex imo
corde, heartily, thoroughly. Scheid understands it,
turned upside down, so as to express the very
reverse of the former supposition or of an objection.
(2) Voss : ' Quae ima, etiam intima esse solent.'
ImmSlo. Dumesnil : ' To sprinkle the head of a
victim before it was slaughtered with barley-meal
and salt, which was called mola. Hence it means
to slay.' 'The ancients either offered the cake
alone, or sprinkled victims with it : ' Forcell.
Immûnis. Mune, munia.
Impedio, hinder. /V*, pedis : as 4uitot't(u.
Impëdo, I support. 'EfiirfSâ.
Impendio. Like Impensè.
Impensa, cost. Pendo, pensum, to weigh money
in order to pay it away.
Impensè, at a great cost, expense or pains ;
and very greatly, as Magnopere is Magno-opere.
Impendo.
Impëro, from paro, ' to manage, regulate, direct,'
(Riddle.) So Titrtru has these senses.
Impertio. Do partem.
Impëtïbïlis. Non pu/tendus.
Impetigo, eruption on the skin. Quae impetit
cutem. As Origo.
Impëtro, accomplish the object of a request.
Patro, as IIpcucTucin, carrying one's point with
another.
Impëtus. Like impeto, from peto.
Impflia, woollen socks, í/«rÍAio.
Impingo. In-pango.
Implâgo, ensnare. Jacio in plagas.
Impleo. See Pleo.
Implôro. ' Magno fletu auxilium petere : ' Caes.
See Explora.
Importûnus, who cannot rest ; as a ship having
no portum, harbor, to get into.
Impos, pôtis, having no power over. Potis. So
Compos.
Impostor, who (únpônit) imposes.
Imus. Infimus, inmus.
In. "Ev.
In—, not. In— for àv— as in h/6otot. And
 INA
this, to avoid harshness, as in Anjustus, Anfelix,
Andignus. So strlngo from crrpAyyai.
Ina, vein. "'Iva ace. of is.
Inânis, empty. From tviia, to empty, in Hesy-
chius : the same as the common Ivim.
Incassum, in vain. Cassus.
Incentlvus, inciting. As Intendo, IntenTum, so
incendo, incenTmn. Inflaming to action. (2) Cano,
can/urn. Inciting soldiers by the sound of the
trumpet.
Inceptum, Incessus, Incesto, Incestus. Capio,
Cedo Cessurn, Castus.
Inchoo. Festus says that it seems to be derived
from the Greek, since Hesiod calls Chaos, x<£<w, the
beginning of all things. Or rather because Chaos
was, in the words of Ovid, ' rudis indigestaque
moles:' which agrees with Dumesnil's explanation
of inchoo, ' to rough-hew, to make the rough draught
of.' Inchao would easily fall into inchoo. (2) From
iyx*u>, ïyxoai t° ffll *ne CUP> and so to pour it out
in sacrifice. Thus ' Libo is used as a sacrificial
word, for pouring wine or any other liquor on the
altar or air or sea, to signify that that is wholly
sacred to the God, the FIRST part of which is
poured out in honor to him:' Forcell. Thus
Homer : ènao^tífíevoi Seríecra-iy. See Auspicor.
Inciens, ientis, being near the time of bringing
forth. 'EyKvav, vovtos, pregnant, (2) Voss :
' Ciens, movens se ad pariendum.'
Incile, trench for carrying off water. Incisum,
incisile : what is cut. (2) Incio, to call into, bring
into. Ile, as Cubfle.
Incîlo, rail at, reprimand. As Postum, Postulo,
so incisum, incisnlo, incilo. Celsus has ' scalpello
circà vulnus incidere ; ' and thus ' conviciis circa
pectus incidere' could be significantly used. (2)
A word 4yxfi\û from x*"^<"> a lip. As ' x^f"V is
according to Valckenaer from x(*'m) f°r xe*^os:
lips twisted so as to express scorn, as AriAAifu is to
roll the eyes in ridicule : ' Lidd. (3) Incieo, com-
moveo. ?
Incipio. Capio, take in hand.
Incïtus, not to be moved further, in allusion to
chessmen. Incitœ i. e. calces, a check-mate. Cio.
Incljtus, renowned. KA.ótos, tyxKuroi.
Incolumis. See Columen, -is.
Incommâta, notches. 'EyKÍ/í/íara.
Incrëmentum. See Crementum.
Incubus, nightmare. In-cubo.
Inculco. From calco.
Incus, ûdis, anvil. Cudo.
Incûso, Accuso, allege causas, pleas or charges
against.
Indâgo, Indâgo. As Educo, are, from Duco, ëre,
so indâgo, are, from indu ago, ere: To drive wild
beasts into nets or snares. Scaliger from inde ago ;
i. e. ex locis suis ago. Hence indâgo, inis : a series
69
IND
of nets placed round a wood so as (indu or indo
agere) to drive wild beasts into them. Hence the
long A by coalition, though short in the verb.—
Voss refers the substantive to the verb : ' Non ut
feras indages, sed ut capias indagatas.'
Inde. As Indu from ivSo' i. e. ívSov, so inde from
tvdt i. e. iv8w. Or from hSfvUt, hit. We have
Exinde, Deinde. (2) De eo loco s. tempore in quo
quis sit. We have Exin, Dein.
Index, Indicium, from
Indico, I show. Dico 3, as Duco 3, Educo 1.
(2) Or tvSfKu i. e. iyS(lita>, (a, as Herod, has
inwcfis, &c.—No need, with Bailey, of obs. Síku.
Indictio, a tax indicia.
Indïdem. Inde item, for inditem. (2) Inde idem.
Indïgcna, a native. Genitus in loco. See Indu.
Gr. avdiyey^js.
Indígeo. Egeo. Indu i. e. in.
Indïges, ëtis, born in the country. Riddle : ' From
indu i. e. in, and y4w, ytíva, yivofuu.' Rather, ivSov
and yiu. Or what is more complete, for ivZoyev^s
like avBiytrlis : hence by contraction indiges, and
gen. indigetis, as Teres, Teretis. It may be thought
that the genitive should be indigeNis ; but similarly
Regens, Regentis, after making Regs, Rex, made
Regis, not Regntis, Rentis. I, as XéyOuts, leglmus.
—Or indigenus existed as well as indigena; then
indiges.—Others consider indiges as short for in-
dùgens i. e. indu agens, i. e. in regione agens vitam,
as Gr. iyx<iptos, Ivr/mios.—Others from indigeto, to
invoke, deduced by some from inde, cito, to call
upon ; but the E falls in such cases into I, as SyE/uor,
animus, and not the reverse. Indigeto may rather
be from indiges, etis, as Veneror from Venus.—
After all, indigetis may be better formed from a
word iviòyeros or ivSvyeros formed like TTi\iy(Tos.
Indïgëto, -gïto. See Indiges.
Indignor. Indignum censeo.
Indïpiscor. Apiscor. See Indigeo.
Indoles. As Indigeo for Inegeo, so indoles for
inoles ab inoleo, inolesco. Inbred disposition. Gel-
lius : Natura nobis inolevit amorem nostrî. Ind-
from éySoc, ívSo', as in Induperator.
Indu, or Indo, within. "EvSov, évSo'. (2) 'EvSoî,
as irOIví), pUnio.
Indûciíc. See Indutiœ.
Indûcûla, a woman's undergarment. Intus, in-
tucula. (2) Induco. (3) Induo.
Indulgeo. Soft for indurgeo, as tchlfSavos for
kP10cu>os, fìAtuealrv for pPfutaívw, piLgrim for
piRgrim from peRegrinus. D inserted as in pro-
Dest, proDit. Not to press upon, not to urge
severely. (2) For indalgeo, not to be cold towards,
as insAlto, insUlto. Seneca : Julius notus frigore.
Horace : Frigore te feriet. (3) For indulceo : from
dulcis in. (4) From ivSov\KÍa, from a word iv-
Sov\eia, ivSeSoíKtvxa.
 IND
Induo, I put on. 'EvSúw
Indúsium, a garment next the skin. Intus, intu-
sium. (2) Induo.
Industríus. Qui struit rem indu, i. e. in domo ;
Who is busy in storing up property. Plautus : Mihi
res structa est domî. Persius : Rem ttruere exoptas.
— Some understand indu as in in instruo, opposed
to destruo, to destroy. Instruit rem ; instruit men-
tem. See inDipiscor. (8) Inuro, inustum, inDus-
tum, as inDigeo. Livy : ' Assiduo labore urente.'
Who inures himself to labor. (3) Indu-sto, i. e.
insto, as Induperator. Qui instat operi. Forcellini
explains instantia ' sedulitas, assiduitas.'
Indûtise, -ciac, truce. Indu, otium. Otium in
armis. As exuvijE, exequijE. (2) Scheller: ' Ducere
helium, was to lengthen out war : induciœ is the
not doing so, a cessation, which in early times used
to last many years.'
Indiiviae, apparel. Induo. So Exuviae.
Inertia, ineptus. Edo, Aptus.
Iners, ertis. Lucilius : ' Iners, ars in quo NON
erit ulla.' As Inermis, Ineptus.
Infandus. Not to be spoken, as Nefandus. For,
fundus, like Amandus.
Infans. In-fans, not speaking: as Wjirios from
vij iiru>.
Infensus, like Offensus. See Fendo.
Inferi, i. e. inferi Dei. (2) "Evtpoi, tvFepoi, as
S\a, sylVa.
Inferise, sacrifices to the (Inferi) infernal deities :
or to those who (inferuntur) are consigned to the
ground. Or, quae inferuntur. ' Inferimus tepido
spumantia cymbia lacte,' Virg. So Dr. Stocker.
Infernus, from inferus, as Supernus.
Infërus, which is below. Liddell says from in
with the digamma ; i. e. inerus, inFerus. Or from
tvepos, the obs. sing, of ívepoi. "EvFtpos. (2) In
séra. As the dead inferuntur tense.
Infesto. Infestus sum in.
Infestus. Like infensus, (and in the same sense,)
from fendo, fendi, fenstum, festum, as Jungo, Junxi,
Junxtum, Juxtum, Juxtà. (2) In, much ; andfastus.
Contemptuous. (3) In, not ; festus, gay, pleasant.
Infïciee. See Infitias.
Infïcio. Facio is to do, inficio is to undo, cor
rupt ; hence to stain. (2) To work well in.
Infïmus. Inferus, rissimus.
Infit. Incipit, inpit, aspirated inphit, infit. Thus
in the Glosses we find ' Infe, Spjai.' That is, Incipe.
Thus we find both àffllápayov and atrtipayov,
cXlóyyos and a^óyyos. (2) For inftcit from infacio,
opposed to defacio, deficio. That is, facit verba, as
Prudentius uses infit for Loquitur. Or inficit, as
opposed to deficit, is Incipit, since we find Farier
infit, &c.
Infïtias eo, i. e. ad. See Infitior.
Infítior, I deny. Fateor, infateor. As Stcrno 3,
70
INQ
Consterno 1. (2) Facio, I do : in-facio, I do not,
as some derive Nego from Ne-ago.
Infra. Inséra parte. As Supra.
Infrunïtus, silly. Fruniscor, to enjoy. As want
ing common sense, and not knowing how to enjoy
things rightly.
Insula, fillet, turban. From 4/j.<pva>, to cling to.
As priMceps, priNceps. (2) As carnUfex for
carnlfex, bidUum for bidlum, insula for infila from
filum. Festus : Insula sunt filamenta lanea. The
U is short, but so E in pejero from jûro : the 0 in
anchora from iyxipa.
Ingënium. Geneo, genui. Vis naturâ ingenila.
Ingens. Dacier : ' Quod in gen/em sufficiat,'
sufficient for a whole tribe. Festus : Quia gens po-
puli est magnitudo, ingentem significat valdè mag
num. So Oppidò is Greatly. See also on Vastus.
(2) Soft for incens : so great that it cannot (censeri)
be numbered. As àyKv\os, anGulus. (3) ' Tev-
ycûos is strong, great, Soph. Aj. 938 yevvaia Sin],
Schol. iirxupi, like ingens from gigno : ' Donldn.
Ingënuus. Geneo, genui. Native. Lawfully be*,
gotten, as yy^atos. Free-born, &c.
Ingluvies, the craw, crop, swallow. Becman
from gula ; inguluvies, as Diluvies, Pluvia. But, as
these come from Luo, Pluo, rather from obs. gluo,
allied to yhifa, glutio.
Ingruo, fall violently on. This, and Congruo, are
usually referred to grus, gruis. To attack as cranes,
(Milton : That small infantry warr'd on by cranes,)
or to form together as cranes in a wedge on their
flight : Cic. de N. D. 49. (2) From iyitpoiu, to
strike against. (3) From ruo: G inserted as in
impreGnable.
Inguen, groin. Voss : ' Ab íyKvov, quia ibi in
fœminis est KvoroKÍa. Aut ab iv et yov^, semen.
Aut pro ingen ab ingeno. Quia ibi partes génitales.'
Thus Heb. 7. 10 : He was yet in the loins of his
father. Acts 2. 30 : Of the fruit of his loins.
Inïmïcus, Inïquus. Amicus, JEquus.
Initio. Initium, or Ineo, Inïtum.
Inïtium. Ineo, initum, to enter on. Inibit, will
begin, Eclog. 4. 11.—Initia are the sacred rites of
Ceres : for initia sacrorum. Virgil : Turn Stygio
régi nocturnas INCHOAT aras. Or in the sense of
iniliamenta. But Forcellini : ' Because these rites
were the introduction to a better life : or because
from Ceres is the beginning of life.'
Injuria. Jus, juris.
Innuo. See Annuo.
Inops, opis. Sine ope.
Inquïlînus, stranger, lodger. Colo, incolinus. So
Inquïno, defile. Koivû, iyKoivû, I profane. (2)
Cunio.
Inquio, I say. Kiddle : ' From 4yéwa, as seQUor
from iKofiai.' That is, èmréta, 4vkíw. (2) From iyxúw,
fundo (verba). Catullus : Profudit pectore voces.
 INQ
Inquire Quœro, as Incido.
Insëco, Insequo, insexi, I relate. Sequo, active of
aeguor, i. e. persequor oratione. (2) "Eirw, M. ìku,
seco, as Sero.
Insecta, insects. Seco, as ivTopjx. From the
separation in the middle.
Insicia, Isicia, sausage. Inseco, insico. Ex carne
inseetd.
Insïdiac, ambush. In, sedeo. Sitting in ambush,
iyéSpa.
Insigne, Insignis. Signum.
Insïlia, treadle of a loom : on which weavers
insiliunt.
Insinuo. Sinus, dat. sinui. To steal into the
heart, or good graces of.
Insïpo. See Dissipo.
Insolens. SoUtum morem excedens.
Instar. That is, ad instar, (like Nectar,) after the
likeness of. Instar by euphony for istar, from uri/rns,
likeness, M. laórrip, ìabrap, Ivrap. Plato says : We
say oïcA7!p<ÍT7j2, but the Eretrians OK\T)p6rnV. N,
as truNcus, deNsus. Nor is the gender an ob
jection, as we have Vinum neuter from Oivos,
Tapetum from Táirns, rrros, Vulgus neuter from
$X^os, &c. On the other hand Erebus masc. from
"Ep£0os, eos, Domus fem. from 56/ios. (2) Isaac
Voss : ' Instar for instare, as Jubar for Jubare.
From itarnp, or la-rvp, istar, instar.' (3) From
insto vestigiis, to follow after, imitate. Ainsworth
says : ' Quod instat. I. e. ad exemplum.'
Instaura, renew. Sravp6a>, », stauro, to drive in
pales with a view to prop up things falling or in a
bad state. (2) From aravphs as put for trraepbs
from ot<w», stable or firm.
Instigo. From ivotvy&m, tS,frora ivarífa, iviarlya.
Instinguo, instigate. Srlfa, ffrìyâ. As Instigo.
Instïta, purfle, border, frieze, garter. Insto, in
stituai. As standing upon the bottom of the robe :
or following closely on, subsequens, ix°li*y,l- Or,
" standing over the feet.
Instïtor, merchant's factor, retailer, huckster.
Insto, institum. From his attending to the concerns
of his employer or of his own. Nonius : ' Instat
mercaturam; frugi est.' Cicero: 'Instant atque
urgent summo cum studio.'
Instrûmentum, by which instruimus, we furnish
or equip.
Insúbïdus, uncouth, ignorant, inelegant, incon
siderate. Voss : ' Cui non subit quid sit agendum,'
who does not know how to behave or what to do.
Or subeo might be like our Under-stand. Subidus
is found in Gellius as ' knowing, skilled,' Ridd. (2)
Sapidus, supidus, subidus and insubidus. As cìll-
cita, lUbricus, cUlmus. (3) Subitus, insubitus,
insubidus: where in increases the force. (4)
Ainsw. : Swinish, from subus plur. of sus. See
Subo. (5) As àirì>, Ítioî ; sub, subidus. Insubidus,
not under government.
71
INT
Insula, island. From in salo or in sale, as insAlsus,
insUlsus. (2) As some derive Vinco from vikH,
ÌvkS>, Fivkû ; so insula or at first insa from vîjaos,
?lvaos, as xripOS, cerA. (3) "Eva\os: Schw. As
'Aàùç produces Salis.
Insula, an insulated house, not joined to others
by a common wall, but having many rooms let out
to poor families. Above.
Insulsus. Salsus. Not savored with salt.
Insulto, insult. Salto in. ' As Remus over Ro-
mulus's wall : ' Stocker.
Intâmmâtus. See Contamino.
Integer. In; tago, tango. Intact, untouched,
&8tKTos.
Intellïgo, properly, to choose between one thing
and another. Nepos : Ut difficile esset intellectu
utrum eum amici magis vererentur an amarent.
Intempéries, weather too hot or cold, too moist
or dry. Non temperata.
Inter. 'Evrbs, M. imóp. (2) In, as Subter,
Praeter.
Intërâmentum, whatever is required to strengthen
or furnish the interior. Intents ; as At rament um.
Intërânea, intestines. As Extranea.
Interbïto, i. e. intereo. See Beto.
Intercâpêdo, interval. The time which intercipi-
tur, is intercepted between points.
Intercus, cutis, dropsy inter cutem, between the
skin and flesh.
Interfïcio. Facio. To do up, to do for, Kartp-
yd(o/iat, conficio. Inter intensive like Iu. So
Intereo, Interimo, Pereo.
Interim. Im acc. of is. Inter eum temporis
terminum.
Intërïtus, death. See Interficio.
Interlûco. Like Collûco.
Internus. Inter, as Supernus.
Interpello. See Appello.
Interpolo, whiten or furbish up. Polio, as Capio,
Occupo 1.
Interpres, ëtis. For interpertis : one who stands
(inter partes) between parties in transactions of
business. (2) From pretium. One who offers a
price between parties. As parens for parlens. (3)
From trpdrris, a vender. Gr. fietroTrpdrris. E is
short : but so in prëtium from irpdrijs. (4) Prœs.
Intertrigo, chafing of the skin by rubbing against
things. Intertero, intertertgo, as Impetigo.
Intertrimentum. See Detrimentum.
Intervallum, the space between (vallos) the stakes
of the rampart of a camp.
Intërííla, an inner clothing. Interns. Apuleius :
Tunicam interulam.
Intërus. Inter, as Superas.
Intestâbïlis, execrable. Testor, as Detestor. Not
to be allowed to give evidence or make a w ill.
Intestïnus. Intus, as Clandestine.
 INT
Intïmo, make known. Facio intimum et sami-
liare.
Intïmus. Interns, interrimus, as Infimus.
Intra. Interâ parte.
Intro. Eo intrb. Indeed intro-eo may be short
ened into intro. Or intra, as Super, Supero. (2)
Tpiw, rpâ : Donldsn.
Introrsum. Introversum.
t Intubum, endive. Dr. Turton : ' From in and
tuba [or tubus], a hollow instrument. From the
hollowness of its stalk. ' (3) Gloss. : "Emvfiov,
inliba.
Intueor. See Tueor.
Intus, within. 'Evtos.
Invehor, upbraid. Vehor. Ride against. Livy :
Investi hostem.
Invënio. Venio, come upon.
Investio, surround. Veste tego.
Invëtërâtus. Vetus, eris.
Invïdeo. Video, to look (in) on the wealth of
others too much or with an evil eye. ' Eyed ' 1 Sam.
18. 9. Ovid: ' Sed videt ingratos intabescitque
videndo Successus hominum.' Or in expresses in
ability to look through envy. As Injuria.
Invîsus. Which cannot be seen with pleasure.
Or from invideo, to look upon with bad feelings.
Invito. For invocito, invoito, as Providens, Proï-
dens, Prudens.
Invitus, unwilling. From luBiârhs, formed from
Bia. As Vivo from Biá>. (a) From vieo, viêtum,
vitum, whence Vitis, Vitilis. Tied and bound. (3)
In, volo volitum voitum. (4) In votum, against one's
wish. As convlcium. (5) Vito, to try to escape.
(6) The obsolete Vitus from ireKTros, itcittoi, per
suaded. As Uo\do>, Voluo, Volvo.
Inula, Enúla, elecampane. 'Exivtov, eleniula, (as
Fiov, Viola,) enula. So parlens, parens.
Involo, filch. Volo, fly upon, (a) I put into
my volam, hand.
Involûcrum, wrapper. Volûtum, as Sepultum,
Sepulcrum.
Involvûlus, a small worm (involvens) winding
round leaves.
Inuus, Pan. Ineo, i. q. Pivta. As Vacuus.
Io, exclamation. '1<6.
Jocus. As 'Idurtcv, Jason, and SAjuw, dOmo, so
jocus from faxos in Orpheus, like laxh said of joyful
shouts in Pindar and Euripides. So laxaios, glad-
sounding, as Brunell and Ellendt read in Œd. T.
1219. (2) As Foveo, Fovicus, Focus: so juvo,
juvicus, jucus, and jScus as fiTKa, mOla ; sUboles,
sOboles. (3) 'lvyii, considered like Ivy/ibs, a shout
of joy.
Iohia, oh I Perhaps from ìi, ty. But others
read otherwise.
Iota. 'Iwra.
Jovis. Zeùs, Ztis, as »oîs, riïs ; Jéis, as Zvyby,
72
ITA
Jugum; and Jovis, as vios, vEFos, nOVus. (a)
Liddell from Aid's. ?
Ipse. Is-pse. Ve, Doric, is him, himself. So
Eapse. In English we say, HE HIMself said so.
(a) Some think the I prefixed for the sound. See
Sibi.
Ira. For irra from irrio or hirrio, to snarl as a
dog in a rage; a word formed from the letter R,
which, says Lucilius, an irritated dog speaks plainer
than a man. (a) As pausA from iraûo-12, so ira
from tlpis, viewed as an Epic form of ipis, as rtlpos
of ripas. Passion being synonymous with strife
and quarrel. (3) From iepà, i. e. vótros ; trans
ferred from ' the great and terrible disease of the
body' to that of the mind. Thus Adam derives
Curia from xvpla, i. e. iiacKriaía. H omitted for
euphony.
Irâcundus. Irascor, as Facundus.
Irascor. Ira, iror.
Iris, rainbow. TIpw.
Irnea. See Hirnea.
Irônia, irony. Zlpwvtia.
Irpex, rake, harrow. "Apirof, âyos. I, as <rrpAy-
yâ, strlngo : our rickets from ^Ax'tis.
Irrito, incite, stimulate ; incite to anger. As
j>ûrì>s is Tractus, drawn; there could be a word
fivriw, fnirw, agreeing much with Lacio, to draw,
lead into, and Lacesso. Rito, as (pptya, frlgo ;
KTyû, llgo. So Prorito. (a) From jirrróv. To urge
by things spoken. As ^Hy^o, rima. (3) From
irrio, irritum, to snarl as a provoked dog. Taken
actively. But Prorito does not agree with this.
Irrïtus, ineffectual. In, not; râtus, thought of,
purposed, determined, fixed.
Is. From ts, as Olle, Ille ; "OfiPpos, Imbris. The
aspirate dropt as in Ulcus, Annus.—Thus ii 5" Si,
And he said, Plato. Kal ts,' A4Çov yp-îr, (<pT), Xen.
*A\\à «al os, Homer : ' Sed et is,' Clarke. *Os, sayB
Liddell, is ' this, that.' So is koì os, this and that,
(a) "Ios, (ts,) one and the same. See Ea.
Ischiâdïcus, ïScus. GR.
Isicium. See Insicia.
Isis, the goddess. "Io-is.
Iso , Greek words.
Iste. As ts became is, so SVtí is iste.
Isthic, Istic. Iste hie.
Isthmia, Isthmus. GR.
Istorsum. Iste, vorsum.
Ita. Liddell : ' ETto, like Lat. ita, itague, and so ;
then, therefore, accordingly.' So SElp.bp, tïmor.
(8) Short for istâ : ' After that manner.' As Qua,
&c. S dropt, like T in Enim. A short, as in puta.
(3) Hand says that the majority of Grammarians
now agree that ita is formed from the pronoun i
whence is: with ta affixed, as in other words tus,
turn, ti, tern. ?
Itâque : and so. Ita que.
 ITE
Item, in the same manner. For itidem. (2)
From is : Ridd.
Iter, journey. From eo, itum, whence adttus,
exitus : or from fobs, passable, Itineris, as Jecino-
ris, Facinoris.
Itëro. From iterum. (2) See Iterum.
Itërum, again. From trepov, a second time. (2)
Dumesnil from itero, âvi, a frequentative of eo, ivi,
itum.
Ithyphallus. 'lSixpaWos.
Itidem, in like manner. ' For iterum idem. Or
et idem : ' Becm. Or ita idem. Or itadem from ita,
as priDEM, iDEM, tantunDEM.
Ito, Itus. Eo, Hum.
Júba, mane. *<ij8a and tpof34a> fell into juba and
jubeo, q. v.
Jûbar. Riddle : ' For julare, sc. lumen, from
jûba.' Perott: ' Quòd splendor diffunditur in modum
jubœ leonis.' Forcellini : ' Jubœ quandam similitudi-
nem referens.' Dumesnil : ' Quòd manè sol quasi
radiorum jubd cinctus est.' The Quandam and the
Quasi here throw a suspicion on this derivation.
What if, as Juba itself is from *<i,8o, and Jubeo from
*o/3e'a>, jubar is from (pofiapbv changed from rpo@cpbi>,
awful; much as /íéyEBos and /j.éyA0osí Then
jubar is a brilliant radiant light, striking the mind
with consternation, Gr. ^mrArj/CTOcòv, Seivbv, a/up-
SaAcop.
Jubeo. Some refer jubeo to (afitâ i. e. iïia&iáa
or Sia/3iáojuai, as Zvyby, Jugum ; KAAafios, cUlmus :
—Or to Çatpáw, for Sicupdíi), 5ic£<p%u, as p.afiA£l,
madEO :;—Or to vtpia,M.v<piniu,
?/cop, toJecur
lay or;—Or
put to
under,
subject as THxop, jus
habeo ;—but, as from *<!/3o is Huba, Juba, so from
Qof34a> is Hubeo, Jubeo ; for the iEolians said /ttyis
for liOyis, <rrT/ia for orO/ut. Now <pof}4a} is to
frighten : hence to menace or command in a frighten
ing manner, as Shakspeare : ' An eye, like Mars', to
threaten and command.' Compare Mino, to drive.
# into the aspirate, as *eî, Heu, and Herba from
*s'p/9a>; and J, as ?/cap, Jecur, above. Compare
Juvo.
Jûbïlo, I shout, 'lob, sometimes a cry of joy ;
whence (as Ejulo, Postulo, Ustulo,) iuulo orjuulo ;
or juïlo, as Ventilo. Then juBilo, as biBo. J, as
'l&awv, Jason.
Jûcundus, delightful. Juvo, juvaeundus, as Ira-
cundus. (2) Jocor, jocacundus. Agreeable, &c.
Judex, judge. For juridex, juridicis.
Jûgërum, acre. From jugo, jungo. The space
occupied in two 'actus quadrati' joined together.
(2) Others from jugum. As much as could be
ploughed by a yoke of oxen in one day. See 1 Sam.
14. 14. Rather for duo-jugerum, from duo juga.
J into I. (3) Donldn. from duo, ager : diagerum.
Jûgis, continual. Jugo, jungo. Joining on, as
ervvtxh*, Con-tinuus from Teneo.
73
JUP
Jûglans, walnut. Jovis glans, joviglans, joiglans,
then as rOIvj), pUnio. As sacred to him, or as very
large. '
Jugo, to join. From jugum ; or from fu-yû fut. of
Çeúyu, ^eítyfvfíi.
Jugula, ' the constellation Orion, or rather a single
star between his shoulders, near his [jugulum]
throat:' Ainsw. ' Hujus signi caput,' are Varro's
words, ' dicitur ex stellis quatuor ; quas infrà duae
claree, quas appellant humeros; inter quas quod
videtur^'u^w&m. Unde jugula.'
Jûgiilo, I cut the jugulum.
Jûgulum, the part about the windpipe. Turton :
' From jugum. The yoke being fastened to this
part.' (2) Fromjugo, jungo. As joining the head
to the body.
Jûgum, yoke, &c. Zvyáv.
Jugum, bench. Zvyáv.
Jûgum, a hill. Jugo, jungo. From hills running
on in continuity. Horace : Continui montes. We
say a chain of hills. But Dumesnil : ' As & jugum,
yoke placed on the head of oxen, fig. the top of a
mountain. ' If jugum was used like jugulum, it
might mean a hill, like Gr. \6<j>os and Seipás.
Julius, July. In honor of Julius Caesar, born in
this month.
lulus, moss. "IouXor.
Júmentum, beast of burden. Jugo, jugamentum.
Riddle: ' From jugum: draught-cattle.' (2) Juvo,
juvamentum, as Adjumentum. Columella : ' Quòd
juvat nostrum laborem vel onera subvectando vel
arando. ' Virgil of the dying bull : ' Quid labor aut
BENEFACTA juvant ?' jEschylus says that men
yoked horses, that they might be Binfrols neytaruv
AIAAOXOI fioxBrifuiTav.
Juncus, bulrush. Jungo, jungicus, juncus. As
used in weaving and binding. As Germ. Bintz
from Binden, to Bind.
Jungo. For jugo, (as Frago, Frango,) from fiiyw
fut. of (ebyvvfii. So Zvybv, Jugum.
Junior. Juvenis, juvenior.
Jûnïpërus, juniper. Juvenis, junis, as Junior;
pario. ' For it produces its young berries, while
the old ones are ripening : ' Turton. So Bauhin
in Scheide. ' For it is continually renewing : '
Wacht.
Junius, June. In honor of Junius Brutus, the
first Consul. (2) Sacred to Juno. Junonius. (3)
From Juniores, the body-guard of Romulus. Ovid:
Junius ajuvenum nomine dictus.
Jûnix, heifer. Juvenis, junis, as Junior. So
Juvencus.
Juno. From acc. ZeDv, Jupiter. A word Zeuvá.
(2) ' Zavi>, fern, from Zhv, the Latin Juno : susp. :'
Lidd. Somewhat as irXATeos, plUteus; x^is,
hUmus. (3) For Juvino : Ridd.
Jupiter, Zeis rrarijp, Juppiter, as Zirjbv, Jugum.
K
 JUR
Jurgo, sue at law. Jure ago, as Litige
Jûro, swear. From jus, juris. Dumesnil: 'To
assert for a public cause and by order of a public
authority.' Otherwise explained, To engage to hold
what is promised as binding as the law. The
Latins said Jus-jurandum. (2) As some derive
obscUrus from briokiEp0s ; so juro, to promise by
the (Upbv) Temple. J for the aspirate, as in Jecur
from the TEolic %Kap. (3) For Jovem oro, jouro,
juro. ?
Jus, juris, law. Vrom jubeo, jussum. As ordered
by the laws. (2) As authority, from Séos, fear, as
we pronounce solDIER as if it was solJER. See Jus,
broth. (3) Juris from juro, says Riddle. But the
latter is usually deduced from the former.
Jus, juris, broth. As TeWovaa, TéWova", Tellus ;
so (eovva, boiling, (íova', jus. Z, as Zvybv, Jugum.
For the gender see on Instar. (2) Riddle from
(vos from (toi, (va. (3) Zim, (íos, as obs. Sta,
(Seí/xa,) Séos. See Jejunus.
Jussum. Jubeo, jubsum.
Justïtium, stoppage of law proceedings. Siatum.
As Solstitium.
Justus. Jus, as Onus, Onustus.
Juvencus, young, as Lucret. ' equus florenti actate pârio and pâreo. Our word Fall is used in the two
juvencus.' Hence a bullock. Juvenis, juvenicus.
(2) Juvo, like Jumentum.
Jûvënis, young, a young man. From juvo. One
arrived at that age as to be of use to his family,
friends, and country. Juvenal : ' Gratum est quòd
patriae sit idoneus, utilis agris, Utilis et bellorum etin hand, undertake, as Aap.fìávttv ípym in Xenophon.
pacis rebus agendis.' Compare conversely Gr. &ri-
Kovpia from Kovpos. (2) From vUis : Ridd.
Juventa. Juvenis, as Senecta.
Juvo. From (ia, says Riddle : i. e. (6Fa, jovo,
as Zvybv, Jugum; and juvo as Uti from"Ori. Z6a>
is a form of (iu, which is ' to be fresh, strong, effi
cient, active, powerful : ' Lidd. And this, in an
active sense, is juvo. (2) Haigh from ' (o<piw,
(o<p&, to obscure, to shade, metaph. to protect.'
As *<ít7)s, Vates. (3) To imitate the beneficence
(Jovis) of Jove. Qui juvat, ille est Jupiter ei quem
juvat. Thus St. Matth. 5. 45 : ' That ye may be
the children of your Father which is in Heaven, for
He maketh his sun to rise,' &c. We say, That was
a God-like action. (4) As Xópros, Hortus, and M.
r/Kap, Jecur, so x""' j*vof t0 exhilarate, as ixvaV
0v/i6s, Horn.
Juxta, near. From jungo, junxi, junxtum, jux-
tum : joining on to. So Conjux.
lynx, wag-tail. "lvy£.
L.
Lâbárum, the imperial banner. ' From Katpvpov ; verna. Thus the Gr. aipp.a from aiipa, and the
v into a, as KvhiÇ, calix, xvvbs, canis. As being epith. éAicexÍTaives. (3) Lacertus, laceriina, as
originallv a Aúcpvpov or spoil taken from a living foe, covering the arms. .
74
e. g. a general's cloak, which was carried as a
banner:' Forcell. B, as amBo; and the middle
shortened, as ayxvpa, ancora. (2) A writer in the
Classical Journal suggests, that, as S. P. Q. R. is
Senatus Populus Que Romanus, so labarum is Le-
gionum Aquila Byzantium Antiquâ Roma Urbe
Mutabit.
Labdâcismus, faulty pronunciation of L. GR.
Lâbellum. Labrum, as Flagellum.
Làbeo, blobber-lipped. Labium, as Capito.
Lâbes. From labor, as Cfedo, Caedes. A fall,
downfall, ruin of morals. A stain or spot from
things falling on clothes, &c.
Labium, lip. From labo, lambo, as Fragor from
Frago, Frango. (2) From Kaflu, \ap.$dva. With
which we take hold of food, of a cup, a glass, &c.
Juvenal: Labra cibum CAP1UNT.
Lâbo, totter. See Labor.
Labor, faulter, glide. As Taôt&s, Lâtus, borne ;
as ïï\â.Tos, Lâtus ; so labor from fi\àfìotixu, to be
harmed or hurt, here by falling or slipping. Thus
clâdes is long from kK&Sos. In lâbo the quantity is
short, fíAâ&u (me), as Jacto is Jacto (me). Thus
also we have plâceo and plâco, sâgus and sàgax,
senses of Labor, to tumble and to glide. (2) As
irpuTos Mo\. for irpânos, so Xô/3a for \â$a, mutila
tion j whence labor. (3) Perhaps allied to \tl$w
and \oiw : Schw. ?
Labor. From Xtt/3â, (as Amo, Amor,) to take
So in Eccles. 1. 3, ' all his labor which he taketh :'
2. 20, ' all the labor which I took.' (a) From labo,
to be ready to drop down. Excessive toil under
which one sinks. (3) Morland from laboro, and
this from ToXoi7riup<5, corrupted to KmsmpH. »
Labôsus. Labos, i. q. labor.
Lábrum, like Labium. Also a large vessel, open
in the manner of lips.
Labru&ca, mid-vine. Turton : ' As growing (labris)
in the ridges or extremities of the fields.' So Ser-
vius, Nonius, &c.
Laburnum. Turton : ' From labrum, as having
labiated leaves.' R dropt, as in Labellum.
Labyrinthus, labyrinth. GR.
Lac, milk. FÓÀa, yá\OKTos, y\ÍKTos, whence in
Homer rAa/cTo^áyoi. So Liquorice.
Lacca, knot in the veins of the legs of cattle.
Lacio, lactum, whence lacto. Drawn (aside), dis
torted. Lacta, lacca, as Ù2TS, oSSa.
Lacer, torn. From \anis, a rent ; or Kaxia, to
burst in pieces,
Lâcerna, an overall : more loose than the chlamys,
says Forcell. From lacio, to draw, drag, as Ca-
 LAC
Lacëro. See Lacer.
Lâcertus, an arm. As Libertus sor Liberatus, so
lâcertus for laceratus, as beaten and mangled in grief.
Ovid: Percutit indignos claro plangore lacertos.
Virgil : Palmis percussa lacertos.
Lâcertus, -ta, lizard. Isidorus from the (lacertis)
arms with which it moves. These arms or feet dis
tinguish it from a serpent.
Lâcesso, stimulate, provoke. Lacio, to draw, as
Facesso, Capesso. (a) Lacera or Aokw, to rend,
hence harass, &c.
' Lâchânîzo, Lâchânum, Lâchësis. GR.
Lâcïnia, lappet, flap, fringe. Forcellini ; ' Pro
perly, the segmenta, divers pieces tacked on to the
skirt of a garment, and hanging down separately.
From Aatils, scissura.' Pliny speaks of ' porrum et
allium in lacinits colligatum : ' whence Forcellini
justly concludes that lacinia is ' resecta et separata
particula.' Besides Columella has ' In lacinias pecus
aegrotum distribui jubet : ' i. e. separate folds. And
laciniosus is ' cut in sundry fashions,' Ainsw. And
Stephens explains Aaxiias ' pannos, fascias.'
Lâcio, I draw, as Lucret. : lacere in fraudem : and
hence Elicio, Illicit), &c. 'EAaóvtû, iAdo-w, ^Aaxa,
'Adxa, lacio, to draw. As Lamina. (2) As kfmaâ,
transp. j>mraâ, Rapio ; so itjdm, transp. Ae/cvtc, lecio,
and lacio, as /iEvéa, mAneo. (3) AaKÍÇai, to
wheedle, Hesych. Fut. Kaxiâ. But mark Elicio.
Lácryma, a tear. From Sdxpvfia, as oAvtrtnbs,
uLysses. Festus indeed states that Livius Andro-
nicus used the word dacrima. The quantities differ,
as anchora from uyicvp*.
Lactâria, spurge, milk-weed. And
Lactes, chitterlings. From lac, lactis. Lacteo
pingui obducfce : Forcell. And Priscian says they
are called in Gr. -yaAaKTÍSer.
Lacto, allure. Lacio, lactum. Suckle, from lactis.
Lactúca, lettuce. Lactis, as Caduca. From its
milky juice.
Lacuna, pool, ditch. Lacus, as Vacuna.
Lacunar, like Laquear. Above.
Lâcûno, I fret lacûnis, with hollows.
Lacus, lake, mere, cistern, &c. Aíkkos, pit, cis
tern. (2) Lavo, lavicus: Donldn.
Lsedo, I hurt. From Aats, AatSos. To make a
spoil of. Or at once from AaXScè fut. 2. of AaíÇa,
ArftÇofuu.
Laena, upper robe. XAaiva.
Laeta, public grounds. Aáïra.
Laetus, glad. As 'Ikti8«i became KtiSci), 'E/ceivoj
Ketvos, 'lXvfibs Limus, 'Epfr/ibs Remus, so iAanros
became Itetus. Hesychius : 'ÏAairr i\ap<p. M, as
fioiarAO, mus/E. (2) As Lacryma from Adxpv/ia,
Licet from AÍktj, Levir from AaFbp ; so lœtus from
Harris. And as Durus is hard in the manner of
(Sovpv) wood, lœtus is gay and joyous in the manner
of banquets. Barnes translates tt&mrroi ScSns in
75
LAN
Euripides ' Iceta convivia,' and Goes translates ydvu-
fiai 5aiTÌ>s in the same ' lœtor onustus lauto convi-
vio.' (3) Allied to lautiis : Ridd.
Lievis. See Levis.
Lsevus, left. Aaiis, AaiFis.
Lâgânum, Làgëna. A6.ya.vov, Adyqvos.
Lâgëos, a kind of vine ; ' Adyeios, from Aayùis, a
hare. Called also Leporaria : ' Ainsw. Perhaps
from its color.
Lágôis, Lâgôpus, Laïcus. GR.
Lalïsio, a wild ass's foal. ' From AaAdfa : à voci-
ferando,' says Ainsworth. (2) But, as Martial calls
it INFANS, Voss thinks it is from &\u\os, whence
might flow à\a\í(uv, '\a\í(wv, lalisio ; much as
Amasio. Pliny seems to consider it an African
word.
Lallo, to sing lullaby to children. From the
softness of the letter L, shown in the sounds lal lal.
Thus AaKâ is to prattle or talk.
Lama, slough, ditch. Liddell : ' Aâ/ios, an abyss,
gulf: hence Lat. lama, vorâgo.' As KypOS, cerA.
Or, as a is short, from Aa/ivpa, full of abysses ;
lamra, lamma. (2) Aâfifia, M. of Arjfi/ia, an inter
ception. (3) Asjuo{ M. of Aeîfiaf, a moist meadow.
For I see Ilara.
Lambëro, I tear in pieces. M seems added as in
Aaru$dvw and Lambo; and labero seems allied to
AdfSpos furious, \d(pvpa spoils, &Atnrd(u to slay, &c.
Lambo, I lick. For labo, (as in Gr. \dM<f/o/iai,
capiam,) from Aajpâ formed from Adirrto, AtAcupa, to
lap up. B, as amBo. (2) From Aa/3£>, to
take i. e. with the lips. Bailey : AdfífSw, AanBdva.
Lamella. Lamina, laminella.
Lâmentum. Lacrymor, lacrymamentum, lacry-
mentum, lamentum. As Inferissimus, Infimus, Imus.
(2) Clamo.
Lamia, sorceress. Aafiia.
Lamina, Lamna, plate of metal. 'HAa/xtva, 'Ah-
Heva, beaten out. Plutarch has Aeirrws íAeAïjAot-
fievov ffiSypov. I, as AeyEre, leglte.
Lampas, a lamp. GR.
Lâmyrus, sea-lizard. Apparently from Aa/tvphs,
gluttonous.
Lâna, wool. From Aâvos, JEo\. of Arjvos. (2)
From Adxvy, sheep's-wool. As àpáXNîj, araNea.
Lancea, lance. A6yxv- A, as vOlvo, vAlvae;
Aoíu, lOvo, lAvo ; OùS', hAud.
Lancïno, I tear. As AdSddva, fraNgo, for lacino
from Aaxiû, or Aaxts. See Orno, Verno. (2) From
lancea. (3) ' Lanx, lands. To divide, distribute ;
then to tear :' Fore.
Langueo, droop. From Aayyéw in Hesychius,
who says : AayydÇei • ÒKveî, ol 5è Aayytì. Hence
'Aayyaphs, Abresch. jEsch. 2. 29/ (Schsef.) and
Aayyavwfievos in Hesychius is ffrpayyevófievos.
Allied to Aayapbs, slack, and Ai\yw.
Lânio, tear or cut in pieces. Haigh says ' from
 LAN
lanius, a butcher, and this from \dïvoí, \dyios, stony,
cruel.' But better thus : Lacino, (see Lancino, and
Lacinia,) lacinius, lanius: thence lanio. (a) Aâvos,
wool ; then a word \avifa, Aawi, to card wool,
generally to divide asunder. A short, as câleo,
odium, arena.
Lânista, a trainer and seller of gladiators. Called
by the degrading term of a butcher : lanius, laniista:
' TJt publicè mutuo lanientur gladiatores : ' Fore.
The I vanishing, as in parlens, and U in janllitor.
(8) If he lent them out, as well as sold them, it
might be from Savt'iffTa, properly, a lender of money.
L, as Lacryma.
Lanius. See lanio.
Lanugo, soft wool or gossamer, the first down on
the beard. Lana, as Salstigo.
Lanx, lancis, the scale or basin of a balance. As
rdhavrov is from ToAc£a>, n-aXaivw, TfrdKavrat, (as
from ipdv, (paívu, irttpcwrai is <pdvra.fffia,) so from
perf. Ttrd\ayxa was rdKayÇ, and (as Lactis from
ráAaKTas,) lanx, lancis. (a) Others take the sense
of broad plate or dish as the primary sense, and then
lanx can he from irActf, lengthened into ir\ày{, (as
ir\á(w makes fut. irAaT{w,) and shortened into lanx,
as Latus from ïl\dros.
Lâpâthum, sorrel. AdrraBov.
Lápillus. Lapis, idis, lapidillus.
Lapis. Aâs, \âos, lais, as Sois, daPis.
Lappa, a bur. For labba: see Lippus. From
\a0f!y : It lays hold of the garments of passers-by.
(2) Donldn. from JE. (àicd)\â<pa. ?
Lapsâna, colewort. Aai^ánj.
Lapsus. Labor, labsus.
Laquear. For lacuar from Xóko;, or lacus, lacuis,
whence lacuna and lacunar. The empty space left
in ceilings between the different beams to be orna
mented : fretted work. So Alvear, Alveare.
Láqueus, snare, trap, noose ; fraud. Lacio,
lacuus, as Ambiguus. Lucretius has ' lacere in
fraudem.' (a) Aoxtbt, an ambush. As \oia>, lOvo,
lAvo. (3) Avyû, to bind; as kTvos, cAnis. See
LoQUor.
Lar, Lâris. As Pârum from Uavpov, Laris is
from \avpa, a street, road, way. For the Lares were
tutelar deities not only of houses, but of towns and
roads, (a) Haigh from \àpbs, agreeable, pleasant.
Others from the Gaelic lar, the ground on which a
house is built.
Lardum. See Laridum.
Largior. I give large.
Largus. Becman says, from Xavpos. Rather
thus : As from fida, fif/iaa, through a form paipa,
(as \púa\ tyaípw,) perf. /léfiapica, is /xdpyos ; so from
\dw, through \aipu, \4\apxa, is \dpyos, largus.
Ada is the root of Kaiu>, Xaj3û, &c, and xdpyos is
like Capax from Capio. (a) From a word Xdepyos,
causing much work.
76
Laridum, Lardum, bacon. Macrobius saysfor large"
aridum. Rather with the initial L after the Greek
form, as in \ai\pripbi, which, says Liddell, is no doubt
the same as atynpbs with A prefixed, as Aa in
\dp.ax<>s, Xa.Karatr\>yuv. (3) But rather from \apbv,
nice, dainty. As Vivum, Vividum. Riddle says,
Xapbv, Xapivbv, fatted.
Laris, larch. Adpi^.
Larva. From Lar, Laris: for Lariva. 'The
Lar, they say, took care of future generations in
fixed habitations, whereas the Larva wandered about
in uncertain habitations, and terrified mankind with
horrible phantoms.' Thus Forcellini, who quotes
Apuleius : ' Utrùm Lar sit an Larva,' Sic.
L&sánum, chamber-pot. GR.
Lascivus, wanton, petulant. Lacesso, lacessivus,
as Cadlrus. Lascivus, ' Who is wont without any
cause to worry others : ' Fore, (a) ' Laxus, laxivus,
as Ital. lasciare from Lat. laxare : ' Ainsw. (3)
' AfdxatFoi : idle prattler : ' Haigh. As 'Axaioi,
Achivi.
Laser, juice of the laserpitium, by a short mode
of speaking.
Laserpitium, laserwort. Lac, sirpe; lac-serpicum,
lacsirpitium.
Lassus, weary, Lacio, lacsus, lassus, as Jubeo,
Jubsus, Jussus. Importuned, excited, worried, like
Fatigatus from Fatim-ago, much the same as lacio,
lacesso. Thus Forcellini explains Fatigo, ' vires
urgendo instandoque cuipiam adimo, lasso.' (8)
Labor, labsus, lassus. Worn out by slipping and
stumbling. (3) As aSSIS was said as well as aXis,
lassus for laxus, unbent, unstrung, thus applied to
the body and the mind.
Lastaurus, effeminate. GR.
Latebra. Lateo, as Scatebra.
Lâteo, lie hid. Aaiiu.
Later, brick. 'EX&riip, 'Àâ-rìjp, which means
indeed a flat cake, but might well mean a flat brick,
(a) n\aTÒí, flat ; or irKdrra, to figure.
Làterculum, note-book. Oblong like a later,
brick.
Látercìílus, a biscuit, as above.
Làtërensis, a yeoman, a latere, by the side of the
Prince.
Lâterna, Lanterna, lantern. Lateo, latitum, lati-
terna. Quòd latet in eâ ignis. N was added for
the sound, as in \aS0dva. (a) Lampiterna : Ridd.
Latex, water, &c. Servius deduces it from lateo,
as being concealed within the veins of the earth.
As Apio, Apex. But others from Ac£to|, the liquor
falling out of the cup which was called HÒnafios or
KOTrd$iov. (Steph. dxlv.)
Lâtïbûlum, Lâtïto. Làteo.
Lâtrîna, private bath. Lavatrina.
Lâtrïna, a privy. Where any one latet, hides
himself: or it is itself in a retired place. Gr. à(p-
 LAT
tBp&y. And the act is in Gr. h-KOTTariw, to go àirò
nq/rov.
Latro, to bark. As we find èAazTpéa and vAa-
ffrpla, we may suppose a verb vAaffTpiw, vAacrrpw,
y£. vAarrpw, whence latro, as 'EpeT/ibs, 'person,
Remus ; 'ÊAauéva, 'AafieVa, Lamina ; 'Opa/ívos, 'pdp-
vos, Ramus ; 'Ajrrépa, Asterula, 'Stella, (a) From
Adrpis, famulus. ' Nam famulantur canes latrando : '
Ainsw. (3) From Aarpdfa, explained by Hesy-
chius fiapfìapíÇai.
Latro, soldier of the body-guard. Being à latere,
by the side of the Prince, (a) Adrpoy, wages.
Latro, chessman ; i. e. soldier on the chessboard.
Above.
Latro, highwayman. Festus says : ' Quòd à latere
adoriuntur : vel, quòd latenter insidiantur.' Dacier
rejects these, and says : ' The besiegers of the high
ways were called latrones, from hired soldiers being
called by this name who used to occupy themselves
in this manner.' From Adrpoy, hire, pay. Or latro
may be referred to A7)mtt)|s> JE. Aaicrriip, A.ç<rrjjp,
Ájfrrfip, Latro means also a huntsman: because,
says Forcellini, what robbers do with men, these do
with wild beasts.
Latrociniura, robbery. Latro, as Tirocinium.
Latrunculus, chessman. Latro, as Carbunculus.
Lâtus, borne. Soft for tXûtòs, to be borne, sus
tained, as lâbo from /8AÓ/3?j. By others it is referred
to lao, Ada, Aa/ifidvu, to take, and then carry.
Lâtus, broad. Properly, brought out, extended,
like dilatas, spread abroad, as Gr. r/veicris, Strjytlàit,
ab <Wko>, ivf-yKa; and as Tractus, us, any thing
drawn out at length, an extent of country, (a)
Others refer to ttA&tvs ; or to iAarbs, 'Xàrbs, beaten
out wide, as Lamina from iAa/iéyni, Later from
Lâtus, side. As the Breadth is the measure
from side to side, and €Ùpà| is sideways or aside
from fipbs, broad, the side might be well called from
the breadth. Thus lâtus is irAdros: ir neglected
somewhat as IItiWií, Tussis. Thus many deduce
lâtus from irAarvs, though I dissent from them.
(3) Allied to lâtus : Ridd.
Lâvâcrum. Lavo, as Sepulcrum.
Laudo. Lous, laudis.
Lâverna, Goddess of robbers. Aa$â, to take ;
laberna, as Caverna. (a) Lavo, i. e. elavo, to wash
one clean out, strip of goods. (3) Ad<pvpoy, spoil ;
Xcupvplvri, \í<pvpva, laburna, as á,u*w, am Bo.
Lâvo, I wash. Aovu, Vivo, lavo. A, as vAlvse,
and much as cAnis, cAlix.
Laurus, laurel. Haigh from xAcopòs, green, ver
dant : as XAaiva, Lama. It is true that 5 generally
succeeds into the place of AU, as plAUdo, ex-
plOdo ; yet from Auriga, Caurus, Aurichalcum, and
this word (with perhaps others) we may conclude
that occasionally the AU may have been adopted
77
LEG
to give a fuller sound to the word, (a) Ainsworth
derives laurus from lavo, lauo, as being of vast use
in cleansing the blood, and as being in consequence
used in the purifications, referring to Plin. 15. 39.
(3) Adtpyos, laurus, is quoted in Stephens 3142,
and Hesychius explains Adcpyn by Ad<pyq, as òAw-
<revs became òAvaatvs, uLysses, and Adxpvfia, La-
cryma. It seems therefore not improbable, in
coupling these together, that Sdtpyos or Ad<pvos was
changed successively to lavnus, lavrus, laurus. Thus
tdrris became Vates ; caNmen, caRmen ; aVceps,
aUceps. Or thus : lavnus, launus, lanrus.
Laus, laudis. Haigh (like TAoktoj, Lactis,) from
yAwaaa, 'Aâaa', ' the tongue, discourse.' See Lau
rus, Aurichalcum. (a) Some refer to Aavat ; Aaíu
supposed the same as Ada, huit», Ado-nu, to speak,
to speak of, and thus praise, as *7)/«] from *<£«,
Aivos from obs. aïw, Aio. (3) Cicero states that
laus consists ' in apertâ prsedicatione, ' and laudatio
is a ' panegyric, laudatory oration,' Dumesn. Pane
gyric itself being derived from iravriyvpiKbs Aóyos, a
speech before the assembled people. Hence laus,
laudis, may be well referred to AaáSris, popularis,
(Steph. 5610,) like SrifíáSris in .(Elian, i. e. AaéSris
Aóyos, popularis sermo. Aripiiydpovs nubs Eur.
Hec. 254. The ft changed into the U, as S^iirAeftj
into SjiiirAeTs, amplUs; yeSìrfpiâ, vtKVpiw, nUtrio;
efts K€ or Kri, Usque. IS, as irpiarHS, pristIS ;
eV9H2, vestlS.
Lausus, lamentation. KAavo-is. But others read
lessus.
Lautia, presents to ambassadors. Lautus, elegant,
(a) Festus says dautia is said for lautia, i. e. from
a word Siíria, gifts. AU : see Caurus, Laurus.
Lautulée, baths. Lavo, lautum.
Lautûmiœ, Lâtomiae, stone-quarries. Aav-, Ao-
TOfiíat.
Lautus. For lavatus, as aVIceps, aUceps. Clean,
neat, &c.
Laxus, loose. Soft for laoctus, laxatus, (as Libe
rates, Libertus,) from laxo; this (much as TdAaKros,
Lactis,) from x"A«f» JEo\. fut. of xaAda, to loosen,
(a) From Ally, to leave off ; Afâœ, JE. Adfa.
Lea, from leo. Leaena, Aiaiva.
Lëbes, a kettle. ArfS-qs.
Lectïca, sedan. Lectus, as Arnica.
Lecto. Lego, ledum.
Lectus, bed. From the root of A^xrpoy, i. e.
Aéyouai to lie down, pers. AíAíktoi, whence a word
A&crbs, lectus. (a) Festus from leaves (lectis) col
lected to make a bed upon.
Lëcythus, oil-cruet. A^j/tuflos.
Lêgâtum, legacy. Lêgo.
Lêgâtus, ambassador. Lëgo.
Lëgio, legion. Varro : Quòd milites in delectu
(the levy) leguntur.
Lëgïtïmus. As Maritimus.
 LEG
Lëgo, 1, I commission ; used properly of such as
are {legati) commissioned (per legem) by the law of
the land. So lego, to bequeath, is to hand down
(per legem) by law to posterity, (a) Aéyu : Schw. ?
Lëgo, 3, I gather, pick up. Aiyu. Pick up
letters and words, as I read : hence read. Pick up
the footsteps of another, trace. Trace out the shore.
Pick and steal. Pick out, single out, survey.
Legate aurium, flaps of the ears. So used by
Sidonius, by an arbitrary change from ligulce. Thus
MEnerva was said, and magEster.
Lëguleius, pettifogger. Lex, lêgis, lêgulus. Know
ing in the little niceties of the law.
Lëgulus, vine-gatherer. Lego.
Lëgûmen, pulse, as peas, beans. Aey6p.tvov.
Picked by the hand, and not cut as wheat. Nican-
der : *Avev Speirávoto Kéyomai 'Otrirpia, &c.
Leiostrea, Lëma, Lembus, Lemma, Lemniscus.
GR.
Lémures, ghosts. As 'pis, Lis ; KelPtoy, liLium ;
for Remures. The manes of Remus. And Lemuria,
a festival ordained by Romulus to appease them.
Ovid : ' Romulus obsequitur, lucemque Remuria
dixit Illam, qua positis justa feruntur avis. Aspera
mutata est in lenem tempore longo Litera, quae toto
nomine prima fuit. Mox etiam Lémures animis
dixisse silentûm : Is verbis sensus, vis ea vocis erat.'
ë, as fëralis, fëralia.
Lëna, from leno, as Leo, Lea.
Lënis, some vessel. Anvbs, wine-vat.
Lênis, smooth, &c. Aeîos, as ados, saNus ; irXeios,
pleNus. (2) Ar/vos, wool.
Lêuo, a pimp. Lenio. Priscian : ' Quòd deliniendo
seducit.' Cicero : ' Animum adolescentis pellexit in
omnibus rebus quibus ilia aetas deliniri potest.'
Lenocinium. Leno, as Tirocinium.
Lens, lendis, a nit. Not from Unis with Voss,
but from lentus : from its viscous tenacity to the
hair, ' capillis adhaerens,' Forcell. Lentus, lents, lends,
much as menTax, menDax.
Lens, lentis, a lentil : à lentore. ' From their
glutinous quality : ' Turt.
Lenticula, a small lens, lentil. Some vessel.
Celsus : ' Vasa fictilia, quas à similitudine lentieulas
vocant.' Also the same as lentigo.
Lentigo, a freckly eruption. As (lentis) lentil
seed. So tpaubs is both.
Lentiscus, lentisck. Lentesco, to be clammy.
' From the clamminess of its juice : ' Turt. ' Len-
tescit, dum resinam fundit : ' Fore.
Lento, I bend, ply the oar. From
Lentus. As Sanctus for Sancîtus, Planta for
Planâta, Libertus for Liberatus, so lentus for lenitus,
made soft, mild, or unruffled ; hence still, slow, hard
to move, sticky.
Lênunculus. From leno, and subst. lenis. As
Homunculus.
78
LEV
Leo, lion. AeW.
Leo, lëvi, smear, anoint. Aeiû, or an older form
\eâ, whence htaivco and \tialvu>. Hesychius :
Atiatvtraï Keiovrat, 4£a\ti<peTai.
Leopardus, leopard. Leo, pardus.
Lëpas, shell-fish. Aewis.
Lëpïdus. Lepor, as Nitor, Nitidus.
Lëpista, Lëpasta, a cup like a limpet-shell. Ae-
Lëpos, Lëpor, wit, humor. Aeirls, a thin slake.
Donatus: ' Lepidut homo, quasi LAMINA, politus
est.'
Leprae, leprosy. AcVpa.
Lëpus, hare. Some from levipes, like Sonipes.
Light-footed. See Vulpes. (a) Others from \c-
iropis, an jEolian and Sicilian word, as Varro informs
us. What, if A07ÌÎ (much like KvKos into luPus)
passed into Xairiis, and lepus, as grAssus, grEssus ?
and gen. \airwbs, lepo'is, lepoRis, as diimo, diRimo ;
fiovo-duv, musaRum ?
Lessus. ' Cicero says it is a funeral lamentation,
as, he says, the word itself signifies. Well ; for it
is naturally formed from the sound le le:' Fore.—
Yet, as lâtus from IIAiítoî, lessus is thought to be
from K\5)<ru or KArjatrit, a calling on the dead. See
Classis. (3) Aio-o-bs, Hesych., &6\tos.
Lëthaeus, Lëthargus. Ariddìos, AijBapyos.
Lêthum, Lëtum, death. From A-qe-q. Shakspeare
has To die in oblivion. (a) From (Inn, levi,
(letum,) to erase, strike out, whence deleo. ' Quia
mors delet omnia,' says Priscian.
LEUCA, LEUGA, a LEAGUE. 'The word is
barbarous, and is from the British, as Voss also
thinks : ' Fore.
Leucaspis, with white shields. GR.
Leuconîcum, flocks of wool for bed-ticks. From
the Leucones in Gaul.
Leucônôtus, S.W. wind. GR.
Leucophaeâtus. Aei/K^aios.
Leucophryna, the Magnesian Diana. Acvxbs,
white : iippvs, eyelid.
LEUCOCROTA, an Indian animal, and word.
But it is differently read.
Levidensis vestis, ' with scanty threads and leviter
den.snIa,' says Isidorus. Cicero has 'munusculum levi-
dense, crasso filo,' i. e. ' parùm elaboratum,' Forcell.
Lëvigo. Levis, as Mitigo.
Lêvir, a man's wife's or woman's husband's bro
ther. Anciently devir, as Varro states ; from taF-hp ;
L as Lacryma.
Lëvis, Laevis, smooth. Atîoj, \tiFos, lëvis, as
kEIvos became kHvos. ' Some choose to write it ^E,
to distinguish it from levis, but almost all the Critics
as well as the Etymology support the E : ' Fore.
Lëvis, light. From A«rls, peel. Horace ; Levior
cortice. V, as IIoAetw, Voluo, Volvo, (a) Allied
to \f7oj : Ridd. ?
 LEV
Lëvo, to make light, from levis. And to lift
up in consequence of its lightness. Sir H. Davy :
' My limbs had a new lightness given them, so that
I seemed to rise from the earth.' So kovQÍÇw.
Lex, lêgis. As Edicts are from Dico, and 'P^vets
from 'Petv, to speak, lex from \4(is, or at least from
Ktya, {«, dico, edico. Thus Barnes translates \6yov
by Edicti in Eur. Med. 274. And Virgil has Foederis
jequas DICAMUS leges : Et pacis DICERE leges.
Scheid says well : ' Rex, qui regit ; lex, quae edicit.'
(a) Riddle from lego, to recite or deliver in public :
' A proposition made to the people by a magistrate.'
(3) Ainsworth wonders that no one has referred
lex to lego, to collect ; on the ground that laws first
brought mankind, then intractable and dispersed,
into the social life of citizens : Referring to the
primitive times, when men first abandoned the no
mad life, and when, in the words of Horace, ' de-
liinc absistere bello, Oppida cœperunt munire et
ponere leges' In this case, as Rex is short for
Regens, and Dux for Ducens, so lex could be legens
i. e. coUigens.
Lexidium, Lexis. GR.
Liâculum. Instrument liandi.
Libella. Libra, as Flagrum, Flagellum.
Libellus, chart, &c. Liber.
Libentîna, Lub. : Venus, the goddess liberties,
lubentice, of pleasure.
Lïber, Bacchus. From libera, as Avdios from X.ia.
As freeing from care. (2) From Aei/3<» or libo, to
pour out wine.
Lïber, free. Licet, liciber, liber, as tibllcen, tibï-
cen. Thus Facio, Faciber, Faber. (a) Liber or
libéras from '\ti<pcpos or 4\(í<pepos Moi. for 4\ev-
Ocpos, as MoL (prjpa. Hence luberus as &/i$a>, amBo:
and liberus, as tpptyu, frlgo ; (ttTVoj, stipes ; kAT-
ovtos, cllentis. (3) From \va> : Ridd.
Lïber, a child, son ; i. e. freeborn. Above.
Lïber, inner rind of a tree, bark ; and as this in
the palm and other trees was used for writing on,
liber came to mean a book, volume. For leber, the
ancient word, (Quintil.) from Aeirop iEol. of AeVos,
bark. B, as raBies.
Libera, Proserpine, sister Llberi, of Bacchus.
Lïberâlis, becoming liberum, a freeman.
Lïbëro, Lïbertas, Libertïnus. Liber.
Lïbet, Lûbet. Libet from libeo, Ahtc'w, <S, fut. 2.
of AÍittío, cupio : as KBer from Af'riop. Thus For-
cellini explains libenter by ' cupide.' Indeed, if I
do anything willingly and cheerfully, I must have a
desire to do it. (a) It has been referred (by the
same change as Forma from Mop<pà, Specio from
SKeirjw,) to <pi\4o>, transp. Ati^ca;, libeo, as &f&ut,
amBo. Thus Forcellini explains libet by Gr. (j>i\ov
tarl. Plat. Apol. ch. 2, S»}? r$ ®t$ *IAON. Or
<piAeî might have been used .Eolici as a neuter verb,
1 it liketh me to go,' &c. as Amos 4. 5, ' It liketh
79
LIC
you.'—Priscian states that the ancients used IVbens,
as also carnUfex, pessUmus : yet he seems to sup
pose that the I was prior. Maittaire, p. 415 :
' Priscian, p. 8. I transit in U,' &c. Certainly
bidlum passed into bidUum, reclpero into recUpero,
SIirAovs into dllplus, infUla from fllum. (3) Lubens,
lubentis from \v<pels, \v<pfvros, an jEolic corruption
of AuflfIs, KvBtvTos ; compared with Lat. expeditus,
i. e. promptus, paratus. But what of lubet ?
Lïbêthrïdes, the Muses of Libethra in Magnesia.
Lïbïdo. Lïbet, as Cupïdo.
Lïbïtïna, Venus. Libet, libitum : the goddess of
delight or desire. But Plutarch enquires why
funeral articles were sold in her temple, and why
Libitina meant death, &c. On the principle that
the Furies were called Eù/ueWSes, and the Fates
Parcae ; i. e. in order to propitiate them.
Lïbo, AtÍ0a> : I pour out in sacrifice ; hence to
sacrifice ; and to consume. The priests sipped the
wine, before they poured it out; hence libo is to
sip, touch slightly, &c.
Libra, a pound. Aírpa, JE. Xinpa, libra. A
balance, as weighing generally a pound weight, like
Pondo. Weight or plummet, &c.
Librârius. Liber, bri.
Librîle, beam of a libra.
Libra, weigh. Adjust by a plummet. Poise, and
so hurl. Libra.
Libs, Kbis, S. Wind. Aty.
Lïbum, a sweet cake. From libo : for particular
use was made of it in libations and sacrificial offer
ings. Ovid: Cui cùm cereale sacerdos Imponit
libum. ' Quòd libaretur priusquam ederent : ' Ainsw.
An offering-cake, says Riddle. Thus Monstro and
Monstrum. (a) ' AÍ0os, libum, Athen. 647, D : '
Lidd.
Lïburna, pinnace. Used by the Liburni in Illyria.
Lïburnus, sedan-carrier. They were usually from
Liburnia, tall and stout.
Lïcentia. Licet, licens, enlis.
Lïceo, to be valued at a sale, have a price offered
for one. As Aixpu/m, Lacryma; for diceo, from
Síkt). To be valued «arà Uxr\v i. e. à|íac, according
to my worth, (a) Amatw, passively, to be estimated :
or to be entitled to a price. (3) Licet. You may
have one for so much. (4) Riddle from \ok4w.
To speak, offer a price. See Liceor.
Lïceor, I bid for. Adam : ' I ask for what (liceat)
I may buy it for.' (2) Rather as Adxpvfia, Lacryma,
from SiKoioC/uu, middle, I judge worthy : or pass.,
I am entitled i. e. to receive at a price. See Liceo.
Licet. As Adupvpa, Lacryma, from 5//oj. It is
just or right. (2) For liquet. Terence, Liquet
mihi dejerare : I may take my oath of it.
Lïcet, although. Cicero : ' Fremant omnes, licet :
dicam quod sentio.' Hence, licet fremant omnes, &c.
Lichen, tetter. Actxw-
 L1C
Lïciâtus, commenced. A web being said to be
begun, when ' liciis adjuncta sunt stamina : ' Fore.
Liciniâna olea, a capital olive cultivated by one
Lieinim.
Lîcinium, a roll licii, of thread for wounds.
Lïcïtor, bid a price against another, contend.
Liceor.
Lïcium, woof, thread. From obs. lix, licis ; and
this from Al{, Hesych. irAof-yioi, oblique. Schneider
brings these words together: 'AìyÇ, Al{, \ixepbs,
\ticpbs, \iKpitpls, licus, liquus, obliquus.' Hence licium.
Voss : ' Quia OBLIQUUM stamini implicatur.' (2)
Ligans, ligs, lix, as Regens, Rex. ' Licia, quibus
stamina ligantur : ' Ainsw. (3) Others from elicio ;
or ?Ai£ ehiKos involved. But the quantity opposes.
Lictor, beadle. Ligâtor, ligtor, as luGeo, luCtum.
Livy : I lictor, deliga ad palum. And : I lictor,
colliga manus.
Lien, spleen. A«os, soft or smooth. So Belg.
milte, our milt, from Mild, soft.
Lignum. Usually derived from Xeyófityoy or
\e\eyn<vov, timber for fuel, as picked up or col
lected. Gathered into bundles, says Turton, for
domestic purposes. For legnum, as TE77Í0, tlngo ;
liber, libri. (2) For \vyovfitvov or \(\vyta^ifvov, as
tied together in bundles, ji/Aa SeSe/ieVa. Or from
ligo, as the first from lego. Somewhat as Regnum.
(3) As ÌKTibén was shortened into miHin, tiuants
into Kiivos, ihafiiva into Lamina, and perhaps ÌKvfiòs
into Limus, so lignum for ilignum, oak timber.
Thus from Spvs was Spvfibs, a thicket in general ;
Spvrófiot fellers of any trees, and iucpóSva were said
of any wood. (*) From a word iK^yovov, wood-
produced.
Lïgo, bind. From A1S70J, a willow-twig, through
\vy6a, w, which, says Stephens, is explained also
ligo.
Lïgo, spade. Liddell : ' Alayos, late Gr. for a
spade, mattock, shovel ; akin to Kiorpov, and ligo.
And \ttnpov from Kiffffbs, AeToj.' Aitryos, liggus.
Or from AÍfai, \ìyâ, whence Ktyòs, ihlyos, \l<ryos,
as Kicrpoy, \nTffbs, from obs.
Ligûla, a little tongue, for lingula. In the ancient
MSS. it is either promiscuously. The tongue of a
musical instrument, as yXtrrrls, A shoe-latchet;
referred by some to ligo, yet Martial has lingula in
this sense, and yKâaaa is a tongue of leather, thong,
and yXwrrls a shoe-string. Hence, a wretch, as
valueless as a shoe-string. A narrow piece or tongue
of land, as lingua. A spatula, as having the hollow
figure of the tongue when drawn up to the palate.
Lïgurio, -urrio, lick up, feed delicately. Ligo,
lingo, as Scaturio. Or Aei'xw, Aix<3. (2) r\vi<epbs,
sweet ; as Liquorice from -yAtwfúj)£i£a.
Ligustïcum, lovage. Atyvtrriicbv, as abounding in
Liguria.
Lïgustrum, the herb bindweed, and, some 6ay,
80
LIM
the privet. Ligo. ' From its use in making bands,'
says Turton. Or binding together, in the sense of
its cognate term Convolvulus. (2) Avyifa, to bind ;
\vyi(TTpov, KiyvffTpov.
Lilium, lily. Ailpiov.
Lima, a file. As cutting, says Ainsw., limis
aciebus, with cross edges. (2) From Aeîor, smooth ;
or the cognate obs. \lu, AeAioytai, hi\i<r<rai whence
\itro~bs, smooth ; XeKitrrai, whence Kltrrpov. See
Ligo, ônis. Lisma, lima.
Lîmâtus, polished. Lima.
Limax, snail. Donnegan has Aeíjuaf, a snail.
Hesychius has it Kiipa. (2) From limus, as Dicax.
From its slimy nature, or its muddy habitations.
Limbus, hem. Dr. Brasse places xipvfiPos among
the synonymes of ' Sitravos, limbus.' As then from
TíKb.ktos is Lactis, from Tivdaicu is Nosco, from
'AK/ivpia is Muria, from KaroK^oi is Taceo, from
TLiXaFos is Liveo, from KoTOTjStî is perhaps Taedet,
so from KÓpvfiíìo\ is rimbus, and limbus as fpis, 'pis,
Lis. Thus also Oncle, Uncle from Avunculus. (2)
As 8in$os from Orsiru, tvh&os from rv<pa, xKafífìbs
from K\áti>, and a-rpetpu OTp6pl3os, AeVw Xip&os,
so a word Mpfios from Aeforoi, i. e. enroAefira, which
is explained by Stephens ' desino, finem facio.' See
Nimbus.
LImen, threshold. As AÏ/íV» a harbor, and \lfun),
a lake, are from obs. A/00, AeAijuai, whence Kiatrbs,
smooth ; Aio-rpoc, a roller ; (lio,) livi ; and the root
of Aeíbs, smooth, and Attéa, to smooth : so limen
from AeAiyueVoc or Xtuíptvov, as Nomen, Numen,
&c. Salmasius observes that no part of a house is
more worn and smoothed than the threshold. (2)
From limus, transverse. Forcellini : ' Lignum aut
lapis transversus in januâ.' (3) Metaphorically
from \XpA\v. ?
Limes, cross-road, cross-path, by-road ; from
limus, transverse. Ovid : Sectus in obliquum limes.
And, these by-roads being natural boundaries be
tween properties, limes was a boundary. (2) Some
refer limes to limen, liminis, as Sanguen, Sanguinis,
Sanguis. As the opening to and exit from a field
or estate. ' Nam agrorum divisores in singulis Cen-
turiis singulos limites constituebant, ut agri et men-
surae et itineris causâ pervii essent : ' Forcell. (3)
Limes for lilimes, from litem emo i. e. adimo. As
JEn. 12. 898: Saxum, Limes agro positus, litem ut
discerneret agris. (4) Dumesnil : ' From \eipua,
reliquiae, locus divisionis.' ?
Lïmïto. Limes, limitis.
Limma, deficiency. Aeî/xpa.
Lîmo, I file. Lima. Remove what is superfluous.
Examine, discover, i. e. detect what is under.
Limpïdus, limpid. As AaMj3ácu> and laMbo, for
lipidus from Aiiros, oil, whence Aiiropif, shining.
(2) Lympha, lymphidus: clear as water. (3)
Aó|UTo) : Lampidus, as strlngo, and our rickets.
 LIM
Lïmus, mud. From ÌKi/ibs, a word formed from
ì\ía>, ï\vftat. Xenophon has Kart\v9els. Thus in
Greek xriSii) for ïktiSÉï) ; and the Latins omitted È
in Remus from 'Epei-juìis, A in Mulgeo from à,uoA-
7«0, &c. Then I, as ipptyw, frlgo ; otTitos, stipes.
(B) Like Limen, from Ae«fa>, Aetw, or the old Kla,
\f\urfitu, AeAi/u/iuu, (allied to Xiarpov,) to smooth.
Virgil has E lêvi limo. (3) From \vpa, filth. (A)
From Kelp/ia, what is left i. e. hy the waters. (5)
From KtîfiaÇ, a moist place, meadow.
Lïmus, oblique. Liquus, whence obliquus ; then
(as Alo, Alimus, Almus,) liquimus, limns. (2)
Liquo, linquo, as Delinquo. Swerving, awry.
Lïmus, a kind of girdle, on the vestments of
priests who slew the victims. As having limam
purpuram, a flexuous stripe of purple.
Lïnamentum, lint, &c. Linum.
Lînea, string è lino, from flax ; string of pearls ;
row, line.
Lïneâmenta, the strokes or lines in a painting;
outlines in the face, &c. Linea.
Lïneo, I draw in lineis, lines.
Lingo, I lick. Ai^S, Ucho, lincho, as HNquo.
Lingua, tongue. Lingo. By which we lick.
Lingìílâca, gossip. Lingua.
LTnio, i. q. lino.
Lïnïphio, linen-weaver. Altov, linen; vtpw, to
weave.
Lino, anoint, smear. Aeiavâ, Xçivœ, as tpHpa,
fëra ; ElTa, ïta. See on Leo, Levi.
Linquo. Atl-jrw, JE. AcIkm, liquo, (as in Reli-
quus,) and UNquo, as in taNgo, HNgo. Thus êllo-
/uu, fKo/iat, seQUor. Bailey from \l/nru,
•jrávw.
Linter, a wherry. For Under from lingo, line-
turn : à lingendo littore. (2) Priscian mentions the
Greek Kivr^p as masc, whereas the Latin is femi
nine. But ?
Linteum, linen-cloth. Linum, linteus.
Linum, flax, &c. Aivov.
Lio, I polish. Asia.
Lippus, blear-eyed. Ael&a, \iftw, to distil. See
Lappa. (2) Aiiroj, fat or unctuous moisture.
Liqueo, esco, to dissolve, melt. Ai$4» fut. of
Xei/9a>, to flow down. B, like n, could pass into
QU. Thus xdpwBos is canoPus ; and 'élîo/iai, <?Ko-
fiai is seQUor : MUâ, linQUo. Thus AeíBo/iou would
be liQUor.—Aty, Ai0i>s, says Liddell, 'is any liquid
poured forth.' Hence AiBiip, tiQUor. (2) From
Anros, Aikos, oil ; liquidus is said of things pellucid,
clear, pure, &c, and liquet is, it is clear. (3)
Haigh : Ai for Aim ; x«>, to pour.
Liquet, Liquidus. See Liqueo.
Lïquis, oblique : see Obliquus.
Liquo, make to melt. See Liqueo. By dissolving
to remove the grosser particles, strain.
Liquor, liquid juice. Sec Liqueo.
81
LIX
Liquor, dissolve. See Liqueo.
Lira, ridge between two furrows. Voss. from
Hebr. nir, as Klrpov, Airpov. But better, with this
change, from veipà, which is the same as veapà,
recent, fresh. Ground recently thrown up by the
plough.
Liroe, trifles. Aijpoi, as 'ASeAipol, AdelphŒ.
I, as rima.
Lis, strife. "Epir, 'ph, and for necessary euphony
lis. Thus Kixo from ipl(ie, ipi^â, 'pi|» : and L as
liLium from AeiPiov. See Lemuria. Lis, litis, as
Dis, Ditis.
Litania, litany. Arraysla.
Lïtëra. See Littera.
Lïtïcen, from lituus, as Cornicen.
Lïtïgo. Litem or lite ago.
Lïto, offer in sacrifice. From Aitt&s, smooth ;
whence Aittoûj, Aittw, AitcS, as ïllffris, ITÍttís,
nÍTis, Fides. To pacify the gods. (2) As llbet
and lUbet were both used, Itto for liito from luo,
lutum, to expiate. (3) To offer animals (Ait$)
with prayer.
Littera, Litera, a letter. Lino, Uniturn, littum.
Horace : Quodcunque chartis illeverit, i. e. ' atra-
mento induxerit, conscripserit: ' Fore. Thus àAenr^-
piov (or àKeiirT'hptov) is with the Cyprians ypcupewv,
says Hesychius : as by ink taken from it ' chartse
illinuntur et inducuntur : ' Steph. Era as patERA.
(2) Or allied to Ai£w, to graze, scratch. Obs. Kla,
AeAnrrai, AtAiTToi : whence Alarpov, a scraping tool.
(3) Littera for liptera from 'Atnrros for aAeiirror,
smeared. (4) Alrbs, tenuis : ' Tenuis ductus : '
Voss.
Littus, shore. From Xittòs, Xurabs, smooth.
Euripides has Xevpif tya/iiBu. (2) Dumesnil from
lino, Utum, to anoint with, bathe, wash, like kKvSoiv
from K\i(a, that which washes the shore : but rather
from lino, linitum, littum. Hall understands it
' daubed or marked with froth, sand, weed, depo
sited by the sea.'
Lituus, clarion ; staff in its shape. As TAáktos,
Lactis ; XAaiva, Lama ; nAdVos, Latus ; so lituus
from kAûtìíj, ' whose voice can be heard, vocalis : '
Steph. (2) AïTÌ>î, tenuis, from its shrill sound, or
its thin shape. But Atrbs means 'simple,' not
' thin.'
Liveo, to be black and blue, pale and wan ; hence
to repine, to envy. From ireAeifor, lividus, was
pelivus, as àxatFbs, achiVus : whence peliveo and
(as ráAo/CTOs, Lactis ; Tiv<í<rna>, Nosco,) liveo. See
on Limbus. (2) From Aï/3uj, an African. I. e. to
be dark-colored. Thus MaVpbs is both a Moor and
dark.
Livor, envy. Liveo.
Lix, water, and water boiled : hence Cinis Uxivius,
boiled cinders. In either case it may be for liquens,
liquitus or tíquâtus; whence lies, lix, as Regans,
L
 lix
Regs, Rex. In the second sense it is allied to !
elixus.
Lixa, victualler in a camp who cooked what was
needed. Allied to lix, water boiled, and elixus,
elixo. Or to lix, simply as water : for it was their
business to deal out water to the army.
Lixivia, ley. See Lix.
Lôco, Loculâmentum. Locus.
Loculus, any small receptacle, bag, chest. Loots.
Locuples, êtis, rich. Also, of credit, i. e. locuples
fidei ; or simply substantial, sufficient, &c. From
pleo, pletus, whence impleo, &c, and locus, like
loculus : Whose coffers are filled. Or locus is here
fundus, a farm, as it is used: rich in land.
Locus. As Lacryma from AaKpv/ia, Licet from
AÍktj, Levir from AaFijp, so locus from toxhs or
Soxhs, as capable of containing, like x<»Pos f°r
xdopos from Xe"0, X^Ca' to contain. (2) As Sedes,
a spot or place, from Sedeo, so locus from \4\ox&
pf. mid. of \4yonai, to lie down.
Lôcusta, locust. Aox^vai, A(\6x*vo-tcu '• 1 incuba
tor, agminatim incubons,' Scheide. Thus Fliny
says of them, ' gregatim volant.' And Prov. 30. 27 :
' Locusts go forth all of them by bands.' Hesych.
has \oxevovTes, iveSpeiovres, lying in ambush. But
from \6xos, a band, Aoxtvu could mean to come in
bands. (2) Bochart from loguor : à loquacitate.
Loguusta.
Lôdix, sheet, blanket. For Mix, as menTax,
menDax, from latum. As it is necessary, says Voss,
to wash them from time to time, (a) Rather, as
cAUdex, cOdex, so lautus, lautix, lodix, as used
only by the rich, much in the sense of lauta supel-
lex, lautus paratus. ' Lautitiarum invidiam refuta-
vit, cùm nihil sibi prater unum murrhinum calicem
retinuit,' Sueton. ' Tres lecti strati erant, et reli-
quus lautitiarum apparatus splendidissimè expo-
situs,' Petron.
Lôgïcus, Logista, Logus. GR.
Lôlîgo, cuttle-fish: the spite of a black-hearted
man. From SoKbs, the black substance ejected by
the cuttle-fish, was tholigo, like Rubigo : then doligo,
as Qebs, Deus : and loliyo, as Adicpvyxt, Lacryma ;
A^Aiop, Lolium. Thus Lorica is referred to 0u>prj/ca.
The ô, as Homo Hûmanus, and Lucius, and as some
derive dôlium from dôlo. Vice versa, odium from
ôdi.—' It is also written lolligo,' says Forcellini. ?
Lolium, darnel. As Adxpv/xa, Lacryma: from
táKiov, deceitful. ' It springs from vitiated seeds of
wheat and barley : ' Fore.
Lômentum, bean-meal used for taking wrinkles
from the face. Lotus, lotimentum, or lavo, lavi-
mentum, as Fovimentum, Fomentum: as the face
was washed with it. Cicero : ' Censuram lomentum
esse, nam sordes eluere vult.' Also, a paint or
powder. Pliny : ' Ex cœruleo fit lomentum : perfi-
citur lavando.'
82
LUC
Lonchns, a spear. Aóyxv-
Longano, Longabo, the straight gut. Longus,
long, straight.
Longinquus. Longé, as Propinquus.
Longurius, a long pole. Longus, as Mercurius.
Longus. From \6yxv- Long like a lance or a
hunting pole. (2) As Mop<pà, Forma ; so SoMxbs,
AoSix^î, AoSx&s, for softness longus. (3) We have
\6yyos in Valpy's Stephens, 5528. Hesychius :
AoyydÇct' òkvcì. And koyydaat' ffrpayy'eveffdai,
'prolongare tempus.' In this way longus is tired,
weary, languid, long in doing anything. But this
is the figurative meaning.
Loquor. From \oyov/tat formed from \Ayos. So
(ppaVéiiTos, freQUentis. Much also as txofuu, é'Ko-
uai, seQUor ; and from Te'rra> some derive extinGUo.
(2) From \4\ox" perf. of \cya, as wipiro), iré-
Trofiira, irop.irii. And as in &\Oxos from Kéyofiai, to
lie down. (3) From hcutw a. 2. of \i)Kw, crepo.
As SAfíë, dOmo.
t Lôra, the second or after broach of wine. As
Aixiov, Lolium ; from Sopà, formed from S4pa,
SéSopa, to strip oif. The best part thrown off.
Lôrîca, breastplate. From lorum, as Arnica. As
formerly made of raw leather or leathern thongs.
(2) As from MvpfiriKa was Bvpfir)Ka, then Formica ;
so from Bép-qKa was dorica, as &ebs, Deus; and
lorica, as Adxpvua, Lacryma.
Lôrïpes, bandy-legged. The pes, foot, twisted
like a lorum, thong.
Lôrum, Lôrus, thong. As Lacryma from Ad-
xpvfxa, Locus from Aoxbs, Licet from AÍkti ; so
lorum, a leathern thong, from Sopà, skin, hide, poet.
Sovpà, like Sovpv, as /3ÒTs, bOs ; fiíprOYs, myrtOs.
(2) As luror and luridus are both referred to lorum
from the color, lorum itself may be from xìía>P0l't
pale-colored, lurid, as XXaiva, La;na. (3) Aia>, to
bind, whence a word Séopov, Sovpoy. Leather to
bind with.
Lotium, urine. From lôtum, as ôdi, odium. ' For
those parts of the body are bathed through which it
flows : ' Fore. ' From its sprinkling the bodies of
animals : ' Turt.
Lôtôphâgi, Lotos. GR.
Lotus. Lavalus, lautus, as cAUda, cOda.
Lua, goddess of purification. Luo.
Lubet. See Libet.
Lûbricus, slippery. For labricus from labor, as
cAlco, cUlcita ; insAlto, insUlto ; icAKa/nos, cÙlmus j
"A/10WV, Umbo. (2) Luo : Ridd.
Lûcânïca, sausage. Made by the Lucani, from
whom, says Varro, the Roman soldiers first learnt it.
Lucar, money paid for seats at the plays and
games. Ludus, ludicar. (2) Lucrum, lucrar, lucar,
as flagRellum, flagellum.
Lûcâria festa ; being celebrated, says Festus, in a
lucus, grove between the Via Salaria and the Tiber ;
 LUC
in consequence of the Romans, when overwhelmed
by the Gauls, having fled to this wood.
Lucas bos, elephant. Lucanus, Lucas, as Pra;-
gnans, Praegnas. The Romans, seeing it first in
Lucania in the war with Pyrrhus, called it by this
name. The Lucanian ox, besides, is celebrated by
Lucilius.
Lûcellum. Lucrum, as Flagellum.
Lûceo. Lux, lucis.
Lûcerna, lamp, &c. Lûceo, as odi, odium. Or
allied to àu<pi\vK7], &c.
Lucêtius, a name of Jove. As giving lucem, light.
Luci, in the morning or day-time. Lux, lucis.
Abl. like Vesperi, Ruri.
Lûclna, goddess of child-bearing, as introducing
ad lucem, to the light of day. Ovid : ' Principium
tu, Dea, lucis habes : ' adding also a derivation from
lucus, i. e. ' a grove at Rome sacred to Juno Lucina,
in the place where they afterwards built her a
temple : ' Pliny.
Lucius, a pike. Aixos. Lupus inter pisces.
Lucrum, gain. As humus from xA/"ks, lucrum
from Aax«ò, to get, win. (2) Luo, lucrum, as Ful
crum, Sepulcrum. Money paid.
Luctor, I wrestle. As Stella from 'Acrrip through
Astella, and Mulgeo from 'AuoKyda, so luctor from
aKvKTwutu. From the distress, anxiety, and un
easiness of the struggle, from which the figurative
sense flows
frominTA0Aos,
the word
andAgony
which from
might'Ayiiv, and in
"AflAios have origin
ated the word luctor, as well as have followed in the
words above as a figurative meaning. (2) From
KXuktos, indissoluble. From the grasp of wrestlers.
(3) From iKva, to fall prostrate, taken actively,
whence cAviercu formed like ò\vktcw. Thus For-
cellini defines Luctator 'qui alterum prosternere
nititur.' (4) From the inclining attitudes of
wrestlers ; from Súiroir, a diver ; Moi. Xúkttjî. As
Aá/cpu/xa, Lacryma, &c. (5) Supposing that Xo|bs
and luxare (membra) are from AeAo|(u perf. pers. 2.
of Kéyoiícu. whence Xe'xpios, (as Tecta CUBANTIA,
sloping, in Lucretius,) then from pers. 3. AcAoktoi
could be luctor, as our Wrestle from Wrest.
Luctus. Lugeo, lugtum.
Lûcubro, work by candlelight. Lux, lucis. As
Terebro.
Lûculentus, bright. Lux, lucis.
Lûcuns, lucuntis, a cake. Gen. \(vkovvtos,
white, as TlXa/cowra, Placenta. As sprinkled with
white meal. (2) Aevubv, the flour of millet. (3)
rAu/cìiî, sweet : as r\vKÍpfiiÇa, Liquorice.
Lucus, grove. From \iyri, darkness, gloom, as
paCiscor for paGiscor, misCeo from /uoTeto. (2)
From luceo. From the glare of torches in the sacred
groves. (3) Ainsworth from ' aóx«Si sylva, whence
lucus.* Aovxos, like vovtros.
Ludibrium. Ludus, as Manubrium.
83
LUR
Lûdicer, Lûdius. Ludus.
Lûdo, I play. As the D is added in truDo, clau-
Do, in proDest, proDeunt, biDens, &c. so in luDo
from to relax (myself) into case or play, as
Jacto, to boast, is Jacto me, as in Virgil : Se jactet
in aula. Thus Kvtniraiyniav is relaxing into sport.
(2) From the (AuSo!) Lydians, who are said to have
introduced their pastimes among the Romans.
Ludus, play. Ludo. Also a school of games and
exercises ; or a place of relaxation from the labors
of the fields, as Gr. <rxo\^i, Schola.
Luêla, punishment. Luo poenas. As Querela.
Lues, pestilence, &c. From \ia, luo, to loosen,
dissolve. Priscian : Quòd eâ corpora solvantur.
As Credo, Caedes. Also, snow melted.
Lugeo, mourn. Aífa, \é\vya, whence \vypis.
Lûgubris. Lugeo, as Funebris.
Lumbrïcus, a belly-worm, bot : as creeping in
the belly between the lumbos, loins. (2) Allied to
lubricus, sliding along. M, as liMpidus.
Lumbus, loin. For tubus, as SMQpi/ios, laMbo ;
from lubet, whence lubldo. The seat of desire.
Persius : ' Cùm carmina lumbos Intrant, et tremulo
scalpuntur ubi intima versu.' Juvenal : ' Cum tibia
lumbos Excitât.' So in the Bible : ' Out of thy loins
shall He come forth,' &c.
Lumen. Luceo, lucimen, as Fulmen.
Luna. For lucina from luceo, as Regina, Rapina.
So from <rc\as is (reX^ini. (2) From \ovir{\. Hesy-
chius : Aovv&v Kap.irp6v.
Lûnensis caseus. Martial : Caseus Etruscse sig-
natus imagine lunœ. (2) Made at Luna in Etruria.
Lûno, bend like a half-moon. Luna.
Lûnus. ' The same god as Luna : for, though
they called it Luna, they thought it masculine. Ter-
tullian has Masculus Luna : ' Fore.
Luo, wash away, expiate : expiate by paying.
Aoiu. (2) Aia, to loose, pay, redeem. Probably
from both words.
Lupa, she-wolf: harlot, from her rapacity. Lu
pus, as Lea.
Lùpânar, brothel. Lupa, as Lacunar.
Lûpâtum, sharp bit. Lupus.
Lupercal, cave under Mous Palatinus, sacred to
Lupercus, Pan. Lupos arcens, as Gr. Avkuos.
(2) Lupus only, as Noverca.
Lúpillus, a small lupinus.
Lúpïnus, lupine. Aira-5. From its bitterness.
Virgil : Tristesque lupini. As âreo, arena.
Lûpor, i. q. scortor. Lupa.
Lúpus. AÙkos, M. Kínros.
Lupus, sharp bit with unequal jags, like the teeth
lupi, of a wolf.
Lûra, leathern sack ; bellv. Allied to lorum, as
Clodo, Cludo.
Lurco, glutton. Lura, the belly : lurico, lurco.
Ventri deditus. (2) Aavpos, voracious.
 LUR
Lûrïdus. Luror, as Candidus.
Lûror, paleness, wanness. Dacier: 'The color
lori.' Or the color lurce.
Luscïnia, nightingale. Imcis-cinia, in lucis canens.
Martial : ' Multisonâ fervet sacer Atthide lucus.'
In Greek simply the Singer, àr)$áv. (2) Lugens-
cinia, lugscinia ; luget dum canit. Ox sup. luacum,
(3) Lusca cano : Freund.
Lusciôsus, purblind. Luscus.
Luscus. As Lacessivus, Lacsivus, Lascivus, so
luce-casms, lucsus, luscus. So Mansuetus is Manui-
suetus, Manceps, &c. Ovid : ' Damnum lucis adem-
tse.' Virgil : ' Cui lumen ademtum.' ' Luscus is
not one born with only one eye, but who has lost
one : ' Dumesn. (2) Aiyri or twilight : Ridd.
Lustro, a frequenter lustrorum. So luslror, 1.
Lustrïcus dies, when an iufant was lustratus,
purified.
Lustro, to expiate. See Lustrum. To review an
army, as this was attended by a lustrum. Hence
to survey. Or this from the victim being led round
the fields previously to being killed. And some
deduce ' reviewing ' from the general going round
and counting his troops before sacrifice. (2) Atiaaa,
luceo : Ridd. ?
Lustrum, a purifying sacrifice offered by the Cen
sor every five years ; and hence that period of time.
From luo, to expiate; lucsi, lucstrum, (as Rasum,
Rastrum,) for euphony lustrum. (2) From a word
Xovffrpov or Xvtrrpov, from \ovw or \va.
Lustrum, a muddy place where animals wallow.
From a word Kovarpov, much the same as Xovrpov,
water for washing or bathing. Aoúimjs is found :
Steph. 5824.— Or from luo, \ovu>, lucsi, (as Fluo,
Fluxi,) lucsum, whence lucstrum, as Rastrum. Mon-
strum ; and lustrum. Others from lavo, lauo, lau-
sum.— Hence is thought to be deduced the sense of
den in jEn. 3. 647 : but it may in this sense be for
dustrum (as Adtcpv/ia, Lacryma,) i. e. tvarpov from
Siv, St'Suoreu, to enter, make one's way into. As
from 5e5u<r/icu is bvfffirj.
Lustrum, a den or haunt of low or abandoned
people. Above.
Lûteus, of the color lùti.
Lûtea, dirty drab. Lutum, mud.
Lutra, otter. ' Lutum : living in water and mud : '
Turt. ' Or luto : as often soiling itself in the
waters : ' Ainsw. (2) Avr))p, acc. Suríjpa, Svrpa, a
diver. As Aáicpvua, Lacryma.
Lutulentus. Lutum, as Luculentus.
Lutum. Ainsworth deduces lutum, the herb woad
' from lutum, dilutum : a color to dye with.' Thus
Forcellini says of it : ' Pannorum infectoribus in
maximo usu est.' And Virgil : Croceo mutabit vel-
lera luto. (2) Some refer latum to \tvKbv, white,
M. \evrhM, as luTetia from \evKíTÍa, Tíji/os for
KcíVos.
84
MAC
Lutum, mire, clay. Luo, luitum, lutum. Diluted,
moistened, earth. ' Properly of filth washed away : '
Voss.
Lux, lûcis. This and luceo, from xiieii, found in-
Xwdfiasi KvKÓcpus, KvKavyTjs, à/ifpiX^Kiì. Thus Ma-
crobius states that the ancient Greeks called the
first dawn \vKti, and the sun Kvkos, and that hence
lucis was thought to be derived. (2) Afvitbs, white,
or : Ridd.
Luxo, I put out of joint. Ao|5, I cast sideways.
(2) Luo, hixum, as Fluo, Fluxum. Festus : Luxa
membra, è suis locis mota et soluta.
Luxûria, Luxurio ; from
Luxus. From luo, luxi, from \iw, as Fluo, Fluxi.
As dissolving the vigor of the body. (2) From luxo,
to dislocate.
Luxus, disjointed. See Luxo.
Lyseus, Lycaeus, Lycëus, Lyceum, Lychnûchus,
Lychnus, Lycisca, Lygdïnus. Avaûos, &c. GR.
Lympha, water. As the Nymphs were called
Kpr\vaiai and Trorafiov yévos, and as Virgil makes the
rivers their offspring, (' Nymphae, genus amnibus
unde est,') they might be easily identified with the
rivers themselves. Hence lympha from vi/upa, as
Airpov for NiVpoj/, TrAev/juw/ from TrNeúfiùìv. Indeed
in some passages nympha is a reading in this sense
for lympha. Lympho greatly strengthens this deri
vation. (2) Riddle says : ' It seems to be from
limpa, whence limpidus.' What is limpa ? From
XiVos, or from Xifiira, as (rrpAyyu, strlngo ? Du-
mesnil defines lympha ' a limpid water running out
of a clear spring.' But how lYmpha ?
Lympho, I make frantic : i. e. seize as the
Nymphs : whence Gr. vvfi<p6\r)rrTos. See Lympha.
Lyncûrium, Lynx, Lyra, Lyrica, Lytac, Lytrum.
GR.
M.
Ma Dia, by Jove. Mà Afo.
Maccus, silly. MaKKow. (2) Mayuchï, mancus,
maccus.
Mácellum, market. ' yidx€\ov or lukxeWov, an
enclosure. Varro derives from it macellum, and
so Dio C. 61 uses it :' Lidd. (2) From a robber,
A. O. Macellus, whose house was confiscated by the
Censors jEmilius and Fulvius, and given to the
people for shambles. (3) Macto, mactellum.
Máceo, to be thin. Alhed to macer, juSkos, juô-
Kpbs and fmKe8v6s.
Mácer i. e. macrus, fiaicphs, long, and thus thin.
For thinness elongates the body. Compare Tenuis
from Tev«.
Mâcëria, garden or park wall. Macer, thin,
meagre, as Mater, Materia. As made of stones and
rubbish without mortar. A long, as in aSivaros.
 MAC
(2) Moutpáî. A long wall. (3) As ffrjAía, seRia ;
from ix&Keha, Hesych. i. e. (ppdy/iara, Spí<ppaKToi.
(4.) Manugeria, mageria : i. e. manu aggesta.
Mâcero, I soak. As rVj/cw, raitepbs, roKepû, so
pudaaa, jxéfiâya could make nâyepbs and fiâytpâ.
Máffffío is to squeeze or work with the hands, and
fidnrpa a bathing-tub. C, as rapvrbs, Corytos ; and
paCiscor. (a) Macer. To attenuate. ?
Máchsera, sword-knife. Mdxtupa.
Machina, Mâchïnor, JE. pûxavà, p-âxavZfíai.
Mâcies, Mâcïlentus. Maceo.
Macir, and Macis, mace. Mdxep in Dioscorides
and Galen.
Màcrôchëra, Macrocôlum. Ma/cpiíxE'Pa> Maxpó-
kwKov.
Macto, Mactus. Mactus is properly, augmented,
increased in resources, blessed ; i. e. ' in majus
auctus,' maiauctus, mauctus ; or for ' in majus
actus' carried to a further point. As from Magis
or Mage volo, is Mâlo. And macto is to augment
with riches, honors, provisions, and thus to honor
the gods by presenting them with sacrifices; and
hence to sacrifice and kill. (2) Riddle deduces
mactus from the old mago, maxi, mactum, allied to
liéyas and Magnus. (3) Haigh : ' From picrate,
péftaicTcu, to pound, bruise, and so to kill.'
Mactra, kneading-trough. GR.
Mâcúla, spot. Mii«\ai are the black stripes on
the neck and feet of asses, whence Callimachus has
iyveáfívKKos ivos. From these black stripes are any
marks or spots : i. e. from fivK\ai are macules, as
(cTvij, cAnis ; kTXi{, cAlix : and as U is added in
iEscUlapius from 'Aff/tArpríos.
Mâdeo, I am wet. Stephens : ' MaSdu seems to
have the sense of madeo in Theophrast. H. Plant. 4.
AiapiaSia is irrigo, humecto: for Suidas explains
Sia/taStSvres by Sia/Jpe'xocres.'— MvSda is more
common in this sense, and would in madeo cor
respond with xYvbs, cAnis ; kTXiJ, cAlix.
Mâdulsa, drunkard. Madeo. Soaked with wine.
Mseander, -dros, a winding. Maiavtipos.
Maena, Msenas. M01V1), Mcuvds.
Mseniânum, balcony. From one Mcenius.
MAGALIA. As these are the cottages of the
Africans, it is an African word. Servius states that
magar was a Punic word for a villa ; and the Hebr.
magur is a habitation, with which some identify Gr.
Iiéyapov. ' Mapalia,' a Numidian word, exists in a
kindred sense, Georg. 3. 340.
Mage, for magis, magi', mage', as iyrl, antE.
Mâgia, Mâgïcus. GR.
Magis, more. Short for magius from ptyiov,
(the proper comparative of uéya,) as SkiON, ociUS.
A, as fiZvea, mAneo. (2) Magnius, the proper
comparative of magnum : magius, magis.
Magister. Magis, as Minus, Minister. (2)
yityttnos, p.4yiffrop.
85
MAL
Magistrâtus, the office magistri.
Magnâlia, magna acta.
Magnârius, wholesale merchant. Magnus. Sell
ing in the gross.
Magnes, loadstone. Mdyrqs.
Magnopere. Magna opere Cicero, maxima opere
Terence.
Magnus. For megnus, as "Kyyos, Annus ; <p\Ey/ia,
flAmma ; from /ieyvbs Mo\. for ncyd\os, /iey\bs, as
ilhdov, ^N8oj/ ; <plAris, ^>ÍNtis.—Others for maginus
from fiéyas, as Aíkhi, Dicnus, Dignus. Riddle from
a supposed old verb mago, ere, from /xéyas.
Magudâris, Magus, Maia. GR.
Majâlis, barrow-pig. Isidorus : As they sacrificed
it to Maia. Alis, as Vernalis. (2) Becman better :
Majus, majalis, (as jEquus, iEqualis,) from its large
size or good condition. See Majestas.
MajestaB. From major, as Honor, Honestas.
Or the old majus, great.
Major. Meí^û»!/, Ion. p.rit^wv, JE. fiaifav, pd^wv,
major, as ójkííîN, ociOR ; Zvybv, Jugum. Thus
prfltnv is found for fuiav. (2) Magnior, magior,
major, as solDIer we pronounce solJer, or magior,
magjor, major, as peRjero, pejero. (3) From jitfav,
as mAgnus for mEgnus. {A) The old majus, a, um,
majior.
Maius, May. Sacred to Maia, to whom, says
Festus, festivals were consecrated in this month.
(2) Sacred to Jove, the Majus Deus. See below.
(3) Macrobius says from majores, as Junius from
Juniores. The two divisions by Romulus of the
Roman people. See Junius.
Majus, i. e. magnus among the ancients, says
Macrobius. ' Mafeis was the Phrygian word for
Jove, from iidÇos, magnus, whence p.dÇa>v and major: '
Steph. ccccxxx. Máfos would produce majus or
maius.
Mâla, cheek-bone. For maxilla, as Axilla, Ala.
Manda, ëre, mansvm, massum, as Jubeo, Jubsum,
Jussum: then massitta, and maxilla, as ulySSes,
ulyXes; Nitor, Nitsus, Nissus, Nixus. (2) From
lidatrw, £«, allied to ficurffdo/iat, to chew.
Mâlâcia, Mâlâcisso, Mâlâcus, Mâlagma, Málaxo.
GR.
Mâlïcorium, the rind, hard as corium skin, of the
malum Punicum, the pomegranate.
Málignus. See Benignus.
Mâlïtia. Malus, as Justitia.
Malleolus, a small malleus. And the new shoot
of a vine, springing from a rod of the former year,
cut off for planting, with a bit of the old wood on
each side in the form of a mallet. And a kind of
fiery weapon or firebrand, assimilated by Forcellini
and Voss to a mallet : but perhaps a collection of
the new shoots above, daubed with pitch.
Malleus, a mallet. As aculeus, so manus, manu-
leus, as raised and struck by the hand. Manleus,
 MAL
malleus. (2) Mollio, molleus, malleus, as vOlvo,
vAlvae ; \Oyxn, lAncea ; Oùî', hAud. As softening
hard substances. (3) As both Hinnulus and Hin-
nuleus meant a fawn, Alvus and Alveus a beehive,
marculeus might have existed, as well as marculus.
Thus marculeus, marietta, malleus. See however
Martulus.
Mâlo. Magis or mage volo, mavolo. As Nonvolo,
Nolo.
Mâlobâthrum, Maltha. GR.
Malva, mallows. VláhFa, malva, as S\Fa, sylva.
MoAt) is in Hesychius. (2) Ma\dxv, M<^Xa> malva,
as breVis from PpaXvs.
Malum, an evil. Malus.
Malum, apple. Ma\ov.
Mâlus, apple-tree. From màlus, an apple. Ma
lus is also the mast of a ship. This tree being used
for any, as being common and solid withal. Dry-
den : ' Thus apple-trees, whose trunks are strong to
bear Their spreading boughs,' &c.
Màlus, had. From 'fiakhs for à/iaAíi;, weak,
feeble, as Mulgeo from 'AuoKyiu. Opposed to
goodness evinced by manliness, as iptiar, better,
and
Vir. ipiaros, best,péKos,
from "Api)s,
as Tsl war
p4\',: and Virtus vain,
from
(a) From fruitless,
useless, like (ii\eos. As )&via, mAneo.
Mámilla. Mamma, mammilla, as faRRis, fa-
Rlna.
Mamma, mother, wet-nurse, the breast, &c.
Ma/x/xa.
Manacus, the ecliptic. MV> par, a month,
whence a word uamtAs. Vitruvius call it ' men-
struus circulus.'
Manceps, cïpis. Property was transferred by a
certain rite, so that the purchaser manu caperet,
took it as it were by the hand, hence called manceps,
like Mansuetus. Also a farmer of the taxes ; as
taking them by raising his hand and being the best
bidder: others say, as taking them in hand, or
undertaking them.
Mancïpïum, property of the manceps.
Mancïpo, I sell to the manceps.
Mancus. ' Defective in any limb, and applied to
the hands, as Claudus to the feet : ' so Forcellini.
Rather, defective in the hands, and then used
generally. Manus, manicus, mancus. Or manu
truncus. (a) Manu ancus, says Isidorus : i. e.
crooked in his hand.
Mandïbûlum, jaw. From
Mando, to chew. From mado, like tago, taNgo j
through a form fidÇw or pdurtru, t/idBov. MaWa>, {w,
is the existing form, which makes tixayov.
Mando, I hand over to a person's care, give
orders. Mando is manui do. Cicero: Hominem
tibi trado de manu in manum tuam. Hence com-
mendo.
Mandra, Mandràgoras. GR.
86
MAN
Mandûco, I chew. Mando, mandncus.
Mane, morning. From iiaj-íî, rare, thin. 'Ccclum
tenue purumque,' Cic.
Mâneo. Mevéw, fieyû.
Mânes. From /lâvbs, thin. Ovid calls them
'tenues anima;,' Horace ' levem turbam.' (2) From
manus, good. Boni genii, says Voss. ' Horace calls
them Deos, Cicero Dios, Lucretius Divos and Semi-
deos : ' Ainsw. See Immanis.
Mango, fmis, who sets out to advantage anything
for sale : slave-merchant, as decking out his slaves.
For mangano, nonis, /layyavwv, beautifying by artifi
cial means.
Mania, mother manium, of the ghosts : bugbear.
M fuiia, frenzy in oxen. Maria.
Mìinïca, covering or chain for the hand. From
manus, as Pedica. Thus Compedes, and Fetters for
Feeters.
Mânïfestus. Voss from manus, and fendo, fen-
stum, festum. Which can be hit or felt by the
hand. (2) From ftyvvw, Y.. fmvvw, and fiavv<páw,
as flXvw, tì\v<páv', and fiaviKpaio-Tos, like "HtpaiffTos.
Disclosed, revealed.
Mìínïpûlus, handful, bundle, band. Manus, as
Discipulus.
MANNUS, nag. A Gaulish word. Consentius:
Gallorum manui. (2) By use made tame to the
hand, manus : Ainsw. ?
Mâno. From ixàybs, rare, scanty, few. To fall in
drops.
Mansio. Maneo, mansum.
Mansuefacio, mansuetum /ado.
Mansues, for mansuetus.
Mansuesco, grow tame. Manui suesco. Virgil :
Manum patiens : Gr. x«'/>oi<>')s. See Mando, 1.
Mantêle, -île, -êlium, ilium, towel, &c. From
manus, as used by the hands, like Manica, and like
Manipa, Manpa, Mappa. Tele being a termination,
such as in Mustcla. Some understand it for manu-
tersile from manus and tergo. Or from tela. Hall :
Web or cloth for the hands. (2) From navSvXioy,
by which Hesychius explains xflP^liaKTPai tne same
as mantile. Voss thinks that uewtitoor is from
mantile, though it may be allied to ixiaow, £u,
through a suture piau, a. 2. (aoSov.
Mantêlum, mantle, cloak ; pretext. Generally
referred to ^acSwj in yEschyl. Fr. 342, or fiavivas
in the LXX. Manduêlum.)
Mantïca, portmanteau, &c. Mantêlum, mantelica,
mantica. Cloak-bag. (2) Manus. ' As ready
at hand for supplying different articles : ' Fore.
Mantïchôra, Indian beast. GR.
Mantïculor, I pick a bag. Mantica, manticula.
Mantissa, -îsa, what remains over and above.
Maneo, mantum, manlo, as Pello, Pulto. (2) Sca-
liger from manu-tensa, manutessa, mantessa. Given
by the hand, and not contained in the weight. Snow
 MAN
ball : ' A handful thrown in over the exact weight.'
Better from mantum, as fSaal\i<TGa, fte\tfr<ra.
Manto. Maneo, mantum.
Manturna, goddess of wedlock, asked in prayer to
make it stedfast. Maneo, mantum.
Manubiae, spoils taken manu by the hand : money
from their sale ; thunderbolts flung from the hand.
Biœ, much as Superbia, Exuviae. Some from ma
nus vi.
Manubrium, handle. Manus, as Ludibrium.
Mánuciolum, a little manus, bundle.
Mânûleus, sleeve for the hand, from
Manus. Riddle : ' From paa, to feel, handle,
touch.' As from Beo is Benus, Bonus ; from Pleo
is Plenus. Liddell observes that ' p.aoaaBo.i is the
infin. of the root n&w, to touch.' (2) From uivos,
force, might. As the great medium of exerting it.
As /tEye'oi, mAneo. Deut. 28. 32 : There shall be no
might in thine hand. (3) Mttvbs, slack, as opposed
to irvKvòs, close, whence Pugnus, the hand closed,
the fist. (4) Mavva, to show with, point.
MANZER, illegitimate. An Ecclesiastical word
from the Hebrew.
MAPALIA, African cottages. Sallust : Mapalia
Numidae vocant.
Mappa, table-napkin. Manu capio: mancupa,
manpa, mappa. (2) Manus, manipa.— QuintiUan
makes it Carthaginian.
Marceo, wither. Macer, macra, macreo, marceo :
to shrivel. (2) MoAkì>î, soft ; malceo, marceo.
Marcor is languor, drowsiness. (3) Mopao-fiii
points to obs. ixapáte, fitfiápuKa, whence could be a
Sicil. word /xapK*a>, marceo.
Marculus, or (as others read) Martulus, a little
hammer. Isidorus speaks of the word marcus as
well as marculus, but Forcellini doubts the word.
Malleus could make malliculus, maleulus, and mar
culus, as siRpe for siLpe. (2) Meíp», p.éfi.apKa or
/ie/iapTai, to divide.
Mare. From /iâpâ fut. 2. of fiítpa, to divide,
separate, whence perhaps udpn, the hand as divided
into fingers. Thus from ipxiyu, <phnyw is Flagro ;
from Treípw, Ttixpw is Pario ; from <pépa, <pap£> was
tpapfTpa. Or even from tbe fut. 1 pepSi, as rEor,
rEtus, rAtus ; sEro, sEtus, sAtus. Horace : Qua
medius liquor SECERNIT Europen ab Afro : and
Deus ABSCIDIT Oceano terras. (2) From fiipâ,
fut. of pipa, to flow : as Ktvhs, cAnis ; kTAj{,
cAlix.
MARGA, marl. Pliny states it to be a British
and Gallic word. (2) Ainsw. à mari. From its
salt quality. Marica, marca. (3) Mergo, merga.
Hill states that it is readily diffusible in water.
But?
Margarita, pearl. GR.
Margo, brink, border. Mare, marigo, as Origo,
Uligo. On the sea-side. (2) Me/pai, fiapH, to
87
MAT
divide. A division. Ovid : Hairet in imperii mar-
gine terra tui.
Marisca, a large insipid fig. Mas, maris, as Ly-
cisca. ' Mascula, ob magnitudinem : ' Fore.
Marisca, a tumor. In shape like the above fig.
SO ffVKOV.
Mârïtus, husband. Mas, maris.
Marmor, marble. Mdp/jiapov. And the sea, from
its whiteness : or level like marble, as jEquor from
vEquus.
Marra, mattock, hoe. Vláppov in Hesych., an iron
instrument. Much as mipOS, cerA.
t Marrubium, horehound. Is it possible to con
nect it with Marrubium, the capital of the Marsi ?
Mars. For Mavors.
Marsupium, purse. Mapowiov.
Martes, a martern. Gesner from Mars, Martis :
' martia, ferox.' ' It is of martial energy, killing
mice and poultry : ' Fore.
Martulus. See Marculus.
Martyr, a martyr. Mdprvp.
Mas, a male. ' B into M,' says Liddell, ' as
fí(/j.Ppàs for $€fíPpás.' Thus mas from /3às, or j8<£t7|î
as Modus, Mos. Barris is Equus admissorius ; j3i-
PáÇai is Equum admitto ; and 0iv4a>, coëo, is referred
to fialvai. So Vas is <pàs or (pdr-qs. (2) Forcell.
à fortitudine, from Mars. ?
Masculus. Mas, as Flosculus.
Massa, lump. As irarpiZa, patriSSo ; &$pvZa,
obruSSa ; so massa from páfa any mass of dough
or cake.
Mastïco, Mastïchê, Mastïgia. GR.
Mastos, the cock to a water-pipe. Mocttìu,
mamma. So Mamilla in Varro, ' tubus mammœ
figura,' Fore.
MASTRUCA, a fur garment used in Sardinia.
Sardorum mastruca, Cic.
Masturbo. Manu me stupro, mastrupo, masturpo.
(2) yicurvpuirhs, leno. ?
Matella. Dimin. of matula.
Matellio, water-pot. Varro says that this was so
called when it had receded far from the original form
of the matula.
Mateola, a small wooden mallet. Turncbus : For
materiola, a wooden stick. (2) For macteola, from
luuroai, iii/ia/crat, properly to knead. (3) ' For
marteola from martulus : ' Ainsw.
Mater. JE. fidrTjp.
Materia, stuff, matter, &c. From mater, as
Luxuries. It is to other things what a mother is to
her children.
Mâtcrior, build with timber ; provide timber for
trenches. Above.
Matëris, -târis, a Gallic javelin. Strabo: narepis,
iraKrov ri €ÌSos.
Màtertëra, mother's sister. Mater. (2) Mater
altera.
 MAT
Mathëmatïcus, Máthësis. GR.
Mâtrïcíila, register. Matrix.
Mâtrïtnônium. Mater, as Patrimonii™, Sanc-
timonia, 'ASrifiovla. The object or the result being
to be a mother. (a) Munus adds Dumesnil.
Mâtrïmus, whose mother is alive. Mater.
Matrix, the womb ; quâ stunt maires. Roll or
register, in which the soldiers are contained as
embryos in the womb.
Mâtrôna, a married woman, whether a mother or
not. Mater. As Patrona.
Mâtruêlis, mother's sister's son. Mater, as
Patruelis.
Matta, a mattress stuffed with tow, hay, &c.
Ma/cTÍ;, uaKrà, squeezed, worked with the hand.
Macta, matta. See Mattus. Some understand it
a mat wrought with hemp, rush, &c.
Mattus, steeped. MoktÌij, /ìott<Íî.
Mattya, -ea, seasoned dish. GR.
Mâtûla, a chamber-pot. ' Madula, from madeo,
as it receives ' saccatum corporis humorem,' as
Lucretius says : ' Ainsw. Thus Apuleius : ' Urinae
madore perluere.' T, as stulTus, spaTium. Or
maditum, maditula. (a) Riddle from à/iàs, acc.
àfíáSa, amadula. (3) Meio, meiatula, as Retinacu
lum, Tomaculum. (4) Mas, maris, maritula, ma-
tula. Ai :sworth : ' Matuta was for men, Scaphium
for women.'
Mâtúrus, early, quick, and maturo, to accelerate.
Also seasonable, ripe : i. e. not delayed, not kept
after its proper time. From mane, the morning;
whence maneturus, with a termination much as in
Diuturnus, &c. Hence maturus, as /Eviternus,
jEternus ; Figibula, Fibula ; &c. Or thus : Matuta,
matuterus, maturus, early as Aurora, (a) Isaac
Voss from iréireipor, ripe, JR. fJttnr]^os. ?
Mâtûta, goddess of the morning. Mane ; tueor,
tuitum, tutum. Mane tuens.
Mâtûtînus, of the morning. Lucretius : ' Matuta
per oras jEtheris auroram desert et lumina pandit.'
Mâvolo, Magis volo.
t Mâvors, Mars. Cicero says, ' Mavors dictus quia
magna certit ' or vortit. Rather, mala vortens
ammo, KaKOfiriSns, KaicóunTis, Ktxxoni\xa'">í- So
Malo is Magis-volo. (2) As we find Bovpos "Aprs,
Mavors from a word /laopbs (whence futpbs) from
fidu, like fiefiaás. MaFopós.
Mausoleum, the tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria.
Maxilla, jaw-bone. See Mala.
Maxïmus. Magnissimus, magsimus.
Mâza, Mâzonomus. GR.
Me, me. Me.
Mêcastor, by Castor. Me servet Castor, (a)
Me for fid.
Mêchânïcus. ÌHnx^víKÓs.
Mëdeor, I cure. From p^tio/tai, to attend to,
think on, plan, devise. Thus Doderlein observes
88
MEL
that medeor relates to the operation of the phy
sician.; <pHpa,
pido As tosera
the: the
quantity,
jEolic compare KpHiriSa, crë-
THxap, jëcur.
Mediastini, medii, middle men between the highest
and the lowest domestics, as Turnebus explains
Meffovaiirrji ' médius inter summos nautas et imos.'
(a) As placed in the middle of houses or baths to
be ready for call.
Mediator, acting between parties. Medius.
Mëdïca, medic. MijSik^.
Mëdïcîna, from medicus.
Mëdïco, heal : prepare medicinal ingredients,
tincture with juices, tinge, dye. Medicus or medeor.
Mëdïcus, physician. Medeor.
Mëdimnus, corn-measure. GR.
Mëdiocris, middling. Medius.
Mëdioxïmus, middlemost. Medioproximus, (2)
Mediissimus, mediossimus. X, as ulyXes.
Mëdïtor. Me\eT<5/uai, melitor, meditor, much as
caDuceus for caRuceus, K7)Pií«ios. I, as &i>E/j.os,
animus. (3) From fieSa, ixihofxai, mêdeo, meditum,
to plan. See Medeor.
Medïtullium, the middle. Medius. Cicero thinks
tullium a termination. Much as Territorium. (a)
Medius, terra ; meditorrium. Or tellus.
Mëdïus, middle. MciríSios, /léSws.
Medinsfídius. Hickie : ' Supply, ita juvet : So
help me Hercules. Bius Fidius is the Aîos irítrrios
of the Greeks. Deus fidelis Hercules. See Ov.
Fast. 6. 213.' So Mecastor, &c. TIÍo-tios, h-Íttios,
fidius. See Fides.
Mëdulla, marrow. For mediulla from medius,
much as Puella. The middle of the bones. So
Parens for Parlens. (a) MveXbs, p.ev\bs, meiilula,
meiilla, as 'haripos, Asterula, Stella : then medulla,
as proDest, biDens.
Medullitus, entirely. Medulla. To or ' from the
very marrow. Plautus : amare medullitus.
Megaera, a Fury. Mcyaipa.
Mëgâlensis, as Circensis, pertaining to the festival
of TÍjí fieyd\vs, the great goddess, Cybele.
Mëgálêsia, the games as above.
Megistânes, nobles. GR.
Mei, uev, fiet), met. See Qui. Bentley some
times read /icov for 4/iov in Homer : See on Mihi.
Meio, to make water. Ainsw. from meo, to pass :
or rather obs. nia, /leíai, whence ò^eí/B» to pass.
(8) Better, as mexi is the perf. of meio, from 'tux",
Ojui'xw, s. 1. &pi£a. E as "Ikos, Equus ; Kplyw, Klpvw,
cErno. Mecho, meho, mejo, as Moi. ?ixap, Hecur,
Jecur. Compare Veho, Vexi.
Mel, honey. MlAi.
Mëlanchôlïcus, Mëlandryum, Mëlânûras, Mële-
agrïdes. GR.
t Mêles, -lis, supposed to be the badger. Isidorus
from met, honey, (as both Melina and Mellina,)
which he says it eats. The Encycl. Brit. 14. 107
 MEL MEN
says of the mammalian genus Nasua that ' its size is MemSro, I make memor, durable by relation : or
that of a cat, and it is said to be a great destroyer of a person memorem, mindful of a thing.
the nests of wild bees, and makes use of its long Menda, blemish, spot, &c. MeveTà, fievrà, which
tongue to extract their gathered sweets : ' but this could have meant remaining, adhering to, as spots
is an American animal.—Isidorus refers it also from to clothes, &c. So menTax, menDax.
its round form to ivriKov, an apple, or rather melo, a Mendax. Mentior, mentax.
melon. It is written also m/Eles. See however on Mendîcus, a common beggar. From his lying.
Fa;x. Mentior, menticus, as Amicus ; then as menDax.
Mëlïca; gallinae, turkeys. MijSiitol, from Media. (2) Menda, ' vitium et defectus corporis,' Fore.
L, as bAvao-tvs, uLysses. Mênis : ' à prima menide libri : ' Auson. They
Mëlichrys, Mëlïcus, Mëlïlôtas, Mëlímëla. GR. seemed, says Turnebus, to have put a iinvis, little
Mêlïna, purse. Made of metis, badger's skin. moon at the beginning of a book, as they put a
(2) Mrç\ov : of sheep-skin. crown at the end. (2) From Mij>w, the first word
Mellîna or Melîna. Mel, mellis. of the Iliad. Mijcir made not only fi^vtos, but
Mëlïnum, a white paint, dug in the isle of Melos. frfli/iAos, whence menide.
Mëlïnus, yellow as quinces. GR. Mens. From fiévos, force of soul, spirit, ardor, as
Mëlior. Ruddiman says : ' Mavelo (mâlo), ma- Horace : Velox mente novâ. Then yovs, as Hesy
velior, melior.' Much as Detero, Deterior. (2) chius explains it : whence evpeviis, irpev^ei^s. As
From /if\i, whence a word ptKiaiv, melior. More Vivos, Gens.
sweet, more desirable. (3) From fi4\ei. More an Mensa. Riddle : ' A surveying board or table ;
object of care, more precious. (A) As Airpov was then generally a table. From metior, mensum.' Or
said for tfirpov, and (PeAos and £0tNos were both on which the provisions were meted out. Petronius :
used, so meLior from ><NiW i.e. àjuepiW, from Jussit suam cuique mensam assignari. (2) From
which, says Fischer, is ifitivav. (5) From /ueXÍo, a liécrn; N added as in Mensus. That is, rpiir^a
spear. More expert in the spear, as p4\rfpos from líío-7) Kei)i.évri. Virgil: MEDIISQUE parant con-
/3íAos. vivia tectis : Aulai in MEDIO libabant pocula
Mëlisphyllum, balm-gentle. GR. Baccho. (3) Mando, mansum. Things to be
Mellïculum, sweetheart. And eaten, board. (4) Riddle elsewhere from mineo,
Mellilla. Mel. ' My honey.' emineo.
Mellinia, drink made from honey. Mellis. Mensis, month. Cicero : Quia mensa spatia con-
Mélo, melon. MfjKov, apple. ficiunt, menses nominantur. (2) From priv, firivbs,
Melpomënê, a Muse. GR.
Membrâna, thin skin covering the membra, limbs. Menstruus, monthly. Mensis.
Skin of animals polished for writing on, parchment. Mensûra. Metior, mensum.
Membrum, limb. From p.tKos, /jl4\(os, whence Mensus, measured. Metior, mesus, meNsus, as
melebrum, as Cerebrum ; then melbrum, for softness deNsus. Or mensus is soft for meTsus.
membrum. (2) From /uepoj, redupl. fitfitpos, (as Mentha, Menta, mint. Mivdq.
UoKbs, IloiroXij, Populus,) whence memrum, for Mentio, mention. See Memini.
softness membrum, as ponj/iepfa, fif<rr}itBpla; yafit- Mentior, to lie. Allied to commentus from com
pbs, yafipbs, yafjBpós. miniscor. See on memini. (2) As spleNdeo from
Mëmïni. As mina from jura for the sound, so (T7rXij5ea), meNtior for metior from fjLrjricifjxu to
memini from pi/aw, pliwoiuu. —Or, as Reminiscor devise. (3) Hall from mens, mentis : since mentior
and Comminiscor are found, and Mentior, at once supposes the mens or intention, ' mendacium dico '
from fiévos, by Hesychius explained vovs, Lat. mens. does not.
Hence a word inivu, memo, memini, as Disco, Didici. Mentula, i. q. teéos. Perott, ' à blandientibus
To bring into one's mind. The word nt/iova, found nutriculis, quae, ut vocant puerum Corculum vel
in another sense, was formed from this fiéva> or Animulam suam ; ità et tractantes earn partem quâ
fieviu, and produced moneo in the active sense of masculi sunt, nominant earn Mentulam, i. e. mentem
memini, i. e. meminisse facio. suam.' (2) Mineo, mintum, i. e. promineo, ut
Memnonïdes aves. Méfivovçs. irpoSxoyra àffKov tróòa, Eur. Med. 677. E, ut
Memnonius, swarthy. From the Memnones in forsan mEntum. Sic cErno. (3) Sementis, semen-
^Ethiopia. Plin. 6, 30. C2) Memnon, as king of it, tula. Ut Avunculus, Uncle.
or as the son of Aurora who was said to rise from it Mentum, chin. Wachter for movimentum, mo
daily in the morning. mentum, as Omentum for Operimentum : ' For in
Mëmor, mindful. Soft for mnemor, from nyf\p.mv. speaking and eating it is continually moving.' Much
Or, as àicísìN, ociOR. And ë, as tpHpa, sera. as aiaykv from aíu, <reito. (Constantine.) (2) Or
Mëmôria, memory. Memor. from its projecting: from mineo, minitum, mintum,
89 M
 MEO
and mentvm, as Kp\va, Klpvw, cErno ; sEntio from
<rTc6Titù ; Equus from the jEolic "Ikkos. (3) Key
from mando, mantum.
Meo, I pass. Allied to nda, p-ífiao, to excite ; and
obs. liiw whence /ióKa. (2) B and M are corn-
mutable ; meo is thought by Scheid to be nothing
but $ta, fSeia, to go.
Mëphïtis, a strong sulphureous smell. Me'Su,
fífffÌTis as (ppevhts; Mo\. /ue<pirir. Making one
like an intoxicated person.
Mërâcus, pure. Merus.
Mercâtor, merchant. Mercor.
Mercënârius. Mercedinarius.
Merces, wages, pay. Mereo, merico.
Mercor, I traffic. Mereor, mericor. See Merx.
Mercuriales, merchants and learned men. Under
the protection of
Merciirius, presiding over merchandise. Merx,
mercis.
Merda, excrement. As Excrement from Excerno,
SO /J.epi$a, fiépSa, acc. of fiepU, which from tieipa,
liepû, may have Sicilicè had this meaning. Or
from lífpífa, yuepiîâ. Scheide says : From (/iefpa>,)
p-épa, fíépSu. Becman : From fiípSu, (i. e. àp.éphw,)
privo, excerno. (2) Ainsw. from irépSa, iropS^j. ?
Mërenda. 'Food given (merentibus) to laborers
on being dismissed from their work : ' Salm. Thus
Calpurnius : ' Serse cùm venerit hora merendœ.' So
Prsebenda. Dacier says that it was the same as
Prandium, before this last word was introduced :
after that, it was used for the meal in the afternoon.
Mëreor, I earn. From népos. To have one's
portion or due.
Mëretrix, harlot. Quae corpore meretur. So
Tl6pyrj.
Merga, fork, pitchfork. Festus from mergi ; for,
as they dive into the water for fish, so the reapers
let these fall among the sheaves to lift them up.
Forcellini however makes it a sickle, from fupucii,
fiepxà, in the sense of /iepiaTiicj), capable of severing.
Merges, a sheaf ; as much as can be raised merga.
Mergo. ' Long hesitating,' says Becman, ' whether
mergo was from mare, I became convinced of it by
Joseph Scaliger.' And justly; for, as Jure ago is
Jurgo, and Navem ago is Navigo, so (in) mare ago is
margo or mergo, as grEssus for grAssus, pEssulus
from TrA<rtra\os. (2) From fitplt, to divide i. e. the
water, as Si/ureu is allied to Sia, to go under (the
water). GO, as Tfi-fryu, rpúyœ.
Mergus, a diver. Mergo. French Plonger. 'iEquor
amat, nomenque tenet quia mergitur illo : ' Ov.
Mergus, a layer sunk into the earth, then raised
again. Mergo.
Mendies, midday. Medina, dies. Cicero : ' Meri
diem cur non medidiem ? Credo, quòd erat insua-
vius.'
Mërïtum. Mereor, itum.
90
MIC
Mërops, bee-cater. Mépoif».
Merto. Mergo, mergito, merto.
Mëriíla, blackbird. Merus, solitary. ' Solivaga
et solitaria,' Fest. (2) Merivola, from vote, as.
Mërum (vinum), from
Mërus. From yntípoi, jucpw, to divide. Set apart
from other things, pure, S/tparos.
Merx, mercis. Mereo, merico. By which we ac
quire or gain. (2) Me'pos. As sold in parts, by retail.
MespiQus, medlar-tree. GR.
Messis, harvest. Meto, metsum.
Met, in Egomet, &c. Homer has ifííBcv avrrjs,
for ipMv oÙT^í ; and Matthiae has èníBtv, fiéBev ;
certainly it could be '/UBer. Now Liddell acknow
ledges rr/KóBe as well as rriAóBev, and we find
€kto<t0e and tKartpaBi as well as ÍktocBìv and ixa-
TcpwSev J hence 4p.é6t or 'p.(8e and luff might be
used, the foundation of met, as \a@ta of laTeo.
Afterwards met seems to have been applied to the
other Pronouns : somewhat as with us, 's for His is
equally used for Her.—Med was formerly found, as
0íòî, Deus. (2) 'Eyi jui S' . . . , as Ego mehercule.
(3) Med for /ìà Al'.
Mêta, a pyramidal column at each end of the
Roman circus ; &c. From metor, to measure out,
limit, bound. Thus Dr. Johnson explains Measure
' limit, boundary.' (2) Dunbar says : ' The perf.
pass, of the obs. meo, to go, [whence àficów,
àficí&a, to pass,] probably furnished meta.' (3)
Salmasius says : ' From /xiros, whence iavtiAov, He-
sych. íaxaTov, last.' Doctiùs quàm veriùs.
Mëtallum, Metamorphosis, Mëtâphora. GR.
Mëtaxa, raw silk. Called ùpà\ p.êVa|a among the
later Greeks. Steph. ccccxxxm.
Mëthôdus, method. MifloSos.
Mëtïculôsus. From metus.
Mëtior, Mëtor, I measure. Allied perhaps to
ytérpov and nfrpiu. Hemsterhuis refers it to ' /xéSui,
whence p.4Sip.vov and Modius and Modus.' All these
seem allied. (2) From /utjtiS/uu. Metior is to
estimate, judge of value, and so may have meant to
determine distances.
Mëto, I mow. From Sjuijtos, messis, or its root
S/mjTai perf. of àjuáai, to mow : whence a word
Tc£a>, û, 'nrfrw, as 'Aorépa, Asterula, 'stella : and
meto, as </>Hpa, sera ; SEI/tíip, tïmor.
Mëtochë, Mëtôposcôpus. GR.
Mëtor. See Metior.
Metrëta, Metrïcus, Mëtrôpôlis, Mëtrum. GR.
Mëtuo and Mëtus. From /terS, fit-réu or fiertéa,
p.edíriij.i, to remit, relax : as okvos or oxvos from %xa>
o%a, to hold back. Becman : ' Demissio animi.'
Homer : ME0IEI T6 «al ovk èfléAei irovUaOai. So
yicBrinotrvvri is weakness.
Meus. Me, as Tè, Te6s.
Mîca, crumb. Mikkíi, small.
Mïco. From mica, (as dïcax is from dïco,) a
 MIG
very minute shaving of gold, or small grain that
shines in sand : from /uKicbs, small. Mico is also,
to have a tremulous vibrating motion, from the
sparkling produced by the vibration of helmets,
spears, the hands, &c. (2) From the obs. liia,
whence fiixxbs, putpbs, allied to obs. fi6a>, whence
fi6\a, moveo, and obs. /teen, meo. Thus pî/ios is
derived from the motions and gesticulations of the
players. In this case the sense of sparkling follows
from vibration. See Coruscus.
Migdilybs, of Libyan and Tyrian origin. Klyi-r/y,
mixedly ; Aifivs, Libyan.
Mïgro. As oìkíÇoi is to fix as a colonist, remove,
so mtgro from fikyapov, lUypov, a house : i. e. to
remove from one house to another. I, as AEtoj,
liber ; ttKEku, pllco ; TE7710, tlngo.
Mïhi. Mol, fiot, mofît, as aliénas ; and mihi, as
clnis, leglmus. Or from ptol, which ' Bentley per
ceived that Homer's metre occasionally required
instead of 4/xoi:' Donldn.— Or, like yaD*i, from a
form /io7*i, as *eû, Heu. So toì, toî*i, tiBi, as
4yu*o>, amBo : unless, as Sibi was formed from 2<pl
for euphony, Tibi was formed on the model of it.
Miles. One of (mile or mille) a thousand. Eu-
tropius : Mille pugnatores delegit Romulus, quos
a numero milites appellavit. Varro says : ' Because
the legion at first consisted of 3000 : each tribe
furnishing 1000.' (2) One of (o^tiAoí) a troop of
soldiers. 'Ofu\ía, says Damm, is properly a mili
tary term. Homer : 4v irpéroiffiy ò^iíKer fierà
Tpilitaaiv ófu\éot. Thucydides : rbv irKtîaTOV !ipi\ov
tS>v ifnAâr» ó 5è vo\bs fiptKos Mol crpaTidttrris. Do
naldson : ' Milites are those who march in a large
body.'—Menage says : ' For milex, /uíAaf, Srìfiormis.'
Meaning, I suppose, ò/ûAa|. Milex is in Gruter.
Inscr. p. 38. (3) Voss from jueiAÍa, a spear, as in
fifi\tvov tyx.05.
Miliaria, a kind of linnet, feeding on millet.
Milio pinguis, Varr.
Militia, the service militis.
Milium, millet. Becman : From mile or mille :
from the immense number of the grains. As odium.
(2) yieKivTj, fMKufiw, fteKÍoy. (3) ''EAu/aos, i\vfiíov,
transp. ifivKlov, milium, as 'EAo/iíVo, Lamina. So
Wiopipà became Forma.
Mille, Mile, a thousand. Milia for miria, (as Aes-
Pia, liLia,) from pvpia, ten thousand : or p.vpi, mile,
as antE from ivrl : and mille, as meLLis from yu^Ai.
True, the number is not preserved ; nor is Million
from Mille. (2) Donaldson from SfiiKla, a great
crowd.
Milliârium, mile-stone. Millia passuum. A pillar
of Augustus in the Forum, as the miles were counted
from it.
Milli-, Mïli-arium, caldron. Mille. Of a thousand
pound weight.
Milvus, Miluus, Milius, a kite. As QpdXbs, bre-
91
MIR
Vis ; /ioJidXii, malVa, milvus from '/iet\ixos, iful-
A.iXor, relentless. Uus, as Sylva, Syliia. For the
aphœresis see Temerè.
Mïmallônes, Mïmus. GR.
Mina, Attic coin. Soft for fivâ.
Minae, threats. Mino, 1.
Minae, battlements. Minor, as Virgil : ' Hinc
atque hinc rupes geminique minantur In ccelum
scopuli.' Or mineo.
Mineo, hang over. Minor. See minai, battlements.
Mïnerva, anc. Mënerva. From anc. meneo, whence
memini, comminiscor, reminiscor : as Caterva, No-
verca. The goddess of invention or memory. Thus
it has been referred to Goth, minni, ingenium, min-
nas, meminisse. (2) Is. Voss : ' Mvyépyr), à /iívri,
irpoo-Tooirjj Arcadio. Hortatrix operum.' V, much
as milVus. But ?
Mïnerval, fee to a teacher. Minerva, who pre
sided over learning.
Mingo, to make water. 'Mix<3, i/ux& ; as Aix»,
Lingo.
Minimus. From minor, as Pluris, Plurimus ;
Deterior, Deterrimus ; Prior, Primus.
Minister. Minùs, as Magis, Magister. (2) Ma
ntis, manister. ?
Mlnistro. Minister, tri.
Mïnïtor, threaten. Minor.
MINIUM, vermilion. Propertius has minio
Ibero. Justin says it gave the name to the river
Minho in Spain : but Vitruvius better reverses it,
and states that minium by its very name shows
where it is sprung from.
Mïno, threaten. See Minor. Also I drive : i. e.
threaten with my voice or whip. Tibullus : ' Sti-
mulo tardos increpuisse boves.' Ovid : ' Juvencis
assuetas adjiciam minas.'
Minor, less. As ùki'QN, ociOR, and aios, saNus ;
so nelav, mior, minor. (2) Obs. fiivbs, whence
fiiyvdw, vpbs, allied to obs. juíw, juicpós.
Minor, I threaten. From p.tvos, fury ; as irAEica,
pllco. (2) Littleton : ' Contr. from nvdw /ivâ,
commonefacio, as from fivâ is mlna.'
MInotaurus. Minos, Taurus. See Lempriere.
MInuo, lessen: make minus, less. Or nimbs,
small. Or obs. liivía, nivíBw : as the Etym. M.
supposes Papia.
Mïnûrio, -Izo, to chirp. GR.
Minutai, MInûtus. Minuo.
Mîrâculum. Miror, as Spectacnlum.
■ Mirio, one distorted. Miror, to wonder at.
Mirmillo, gladiator. M6ppv\os, a fish which was
a sign on their shields. Hence gladiators said one
to the other : Piscem, non te, peto.
Mïror is from /nelpo/icu, to be distracted, i. e. by
wonder and amazement. Thus Ovid, though in a
different sense : DIVIDOR haud aliter quàm si mea
membra relinquam : ' I am distracted, torn asunder
 MIS
in mind.' And Virgil : Animum nunc hue celerem,
nunc DIVIDIT illuc. Allied is inipiixva, thoughtful
anxiety by which the mind is distracted, and ii.ipp.ri-
pi(a, to be in a state of distraction as to which of
two ways to take. Mtptfar, says Hemsterhuis, is
said of divided and distracted thoughts. But in
miror, as is already stated, the thoughts are dis
tracted as being confounded with amazement. In
deed fifpiicpa ipya. in Homer would be well trans
lated ' mira opera,' though the Translators apply to
them other senses. And Wright in his Lexicon well
gives to this adjective the meanings of 'stupendous
or overwhelming.' And thus Dr. Jones in his Lex
icon : ' Mcpfiepos, stupendous, splendid, surprising,
dazzling. Damm derives it from u4pos, and so
Timscus : & 5ià iravovpyiav (ppovrida TiaXv ifiivotwv.
Ruhnken renders it difficilis, morosus. But the
origin of the word is fmipw, to shine, connate with
lj.apfj.alpm : hence Lat. miror, I wonder.' Though
it is not very clear whether he refers miror to
/xtpfifpos or to fialpoi, like crirAlpu, splro. Rather
from /itp/ittlpa, (/taípw,) ' curiosè cogito : ' Steph.—
Scheid accounts for mints from yueipw, as ' sejunc-
tus, separatus i. e. à cognitione nostra.' (3) 'l/ui-
po/uu, to desire, i. e. as being worthy of admiration.
AS ÍKTíSe'îf, KTlSeTJ.
Miscellus, mixed. From
Misceo, to mix. Muryéu.
Miser or Miserus, from uvaraphs, despicable, as
rifftrEpa for TeWApa, camEra from Ka/xApa. So
our Wretched from Wretch. And Wretched is ex
plained by Dr. Johnson, ' despicable, hatefully con
temptible.'
Mïsëreo, -eor, -or. Miserum puto.
Mïsëria. Miser.
Missïcius miles, who has obtained an honorable
discharge. Missus.
Missus, one turn at a beast-fight. Mitto. One
sending out.
Mïtïgo. Mitis, mitico, as Claudico, Fabrico :
then mitigo. So Lsevigo. (2) Mitem ago.
Mîtis. Hesychius explains ftlu by ioBia, to eat :
i. e. to reduce small, whence fiixpbs, from perf. p.e-
jjïiía, and from /le'/iirai is mitis, fit to eat. Virgil :
Mitia poma. (3) Ainsw. from /icfliels or ueiels,
remittens, yielding. Rather the former, by corrup
tion /teifleìî, mitis, as \a&4a, laTeo. (3) From
ttei\tKTOs, softened; shortened to líciktos, /itiTÓs.
(4) Haigh : ' From /ìeiSíjî from /letSâ, to smile.'
As in (piKofi/ietSris. As Taeda from AaiSa. (5) Voss
says : ' The yEolians said Motw for Tlarâ, MaSovaa
for UaBovca.' Mitis similarly from miSii, persuasion.
Easy, soft, yielding.
Mitra, turban. Msrpa.
Mitto, from fieria or fitTiw, p.e0sjj/xi, to let go,
dismiss. (2) Movito : Schw. (3) Meo, meito :
Freund.
92
MŒN
Mïtulus, Mnëmosynë, Mnestër. OR.
Môbïlis. Moveo, movibilis.
Môcôsus, ludicrous. Mw/cos, laughter.
Môdërâtus, modérons sibi.
Modëror. Modus. Keep within due bounds.
Modestus. Modus, as Funestus.
Modïcus. Modus, as Unicus.
Môdius, -urn, a measure. MóStos in Dinarchus.
Modo, only. Provided, i. e. only in that case.
Only just now. Modus expresses a measure and
limit. Modo, says Hand, is for in or cum modo.
Modûlor, Modulus. From
Modus. Scaliger : ' MiSos from fiiSw, fi4/ioSa, to
rule.' A rule, measure : whence fiéSi/ivos, fíéSws.
Modus, a mood, or different way of expressing
our actions or affections, indicating, commanding,
&c. Above.
Mœchus, adulterer. Moix<is.
Mcenera. See Mamia.
Moenia. Soft for mœRia, as SâPov, doRum,
doNum, and much as miLia for miRia from uvPia.
So in the Old Testament NebuchadNezzar and Ne-
buchadRezzar. Now Plautus has ' sua moenia tole-
rare,' t. e. his duties and his burdens ; and this, for
mœria, is from the neuter plural aoipia, formed from
aoïpa, one's part, portion, duty or charge ; afterwards
appearing as munia, (as TrOIyí), pŒna, pUnio,) so
that this was the order : Mœria, mamia, munia, as
Ainsworth says well. In the same sense mcenera
and munera were used, and all these words in that
of gifts and rewards, as one's portion or share, or as
apportioned and distributed to each. But moenia
(and from thence is maenio and munio) has another
sense, that of houses and buildings, both public and
private. Thus Servius thinks that mamia is ' domos'
in Virg. Ma. 2. 234 and 252. Forcellini quotes
five passages supporting this sense, in one of which
the mamia are enclosed by ' muri :' viz. Mn. 6. 549:
Momia lata videt triplici circumdata muro. But espe
cially in that of Pliny, 6. 26, ' where he speaks of the
whole body of the city of Babylon, rather than the
enclosure of the walls.' Here also mamia can be from
lioipia : each man having his own dwelling allotted
or assigned to him, and the city itself its public
buildings, towers, and ramparts. Thus on the
Fortuitum cespitem of Horace, Davidson remarks :
' Horace here means the moderate proportion as
signed to every private man in the division of the
conquered lands by lot. They were obliged to dwell
in the house which they there found already built
to their hands.' Munera are also public buildings,
made, says Forcellini, for the good of the people,
i. e. as gifts and presents. Scaliger brings murus
also from pioipa, ' rata cujusque civis pars,' and
because ' Quisque pro sua parte virili tutabatur
muros:' the original (E appearing in the old
mcerus, (whence pomcerium,) which assumed the
 MŒR
form of murus, as mœnia that of munia. Doëder-
lein considers murus as a partition. Indeed fídpa,
perf. péptoipa, may have assumed in its derivatives
of this perfect the sense of dividing off, parting off,
and Aristotle has p.epíÇuv xai xa>pKw''- this sense
would well suit that of the muri which divided off
and enclosed the mœnia. Indeed mœnia itself might
thus have meant, like ipltr/iara, ' enclosures, fences,
bulwarks, ramparts:' Dr. Major on Eur. Hec. 16.
(2) Molinia, moinia, mœnia, as Providens, Proidens,
whence Prudens. As Vaticinor, Vaticinia, so molinia
from molinor formed from moles, as Urinor, Bovinor,
Divïnor, or as Mugïnor, Machïnor. See also Rici-
nium. Thus from moles we have Moliri muros
urbis, in Virgil ; and (suitably to the other sense of
mœnia) Molitur laborem. (3) Many refer mœnia
to à/ivyw or p.ivofuu, to keep off, repel : but the CE
precedes, instead of following, the U, as in pUnio
above.—Wachter refers it to the Celtic mam, a stone,
rock. But it should thus be mJEnia. And what
thus of the word mŒnia in its sense of 'offices,
duties' ?
Mcera, sign of the zodiac. Moípa.
Mœreo, I grieve. From fiotpa, fortune ; here mis
fortune, ' hard lot ' as translated by Donnegan. Thus
tííais TTXA2 in Euripides. To have bad fortune.
So fíopía is KaKOTradéa, and Valetudo is Bad health.—
Or from à/xotpéu, whence ctfioipnfui for hrv-^ritm,
Steph. 6019. Hence 'poiptw, mœreo. See on' Temerè.
(a) From jiilpa, /i4fioipa. Ovid : DIVIDOR haud
aliter quàm si mea membra relinquam.
Mcerus, a wall. See in Mœnia.
Mcestus, sad. Mœreo, mœrstum.
Môla, mill. A cake of salt and meal. A false
conception. Mi\n.
Môlâres, the grinders. Molo.
Môles. As Befí$pàs and Mefifìpàs, Bvp/inl and
Míp/inÇ, BoKyhs and Mo\ybs, were interchanged,
moles may proceed from fìûXos, a mass. Es, as
(TtúitOS, stipES. (2) From p.â\os, p.i\os, toil;
p.i\ts with difficulty: hence any thing made or
raised with difficulty. 'Tantae molis eras below
is fuihov. (3) The word p.S>\os, like moles, is a
mole, pier or manufactured harbor, found in Epigr.
Adesp. 370. (Steph. 6220.) But the date of this
word seems uncertain. (4) Scaliger from mola a
mill-stone, ' always of large bulk.'
Môlestus. Obs. p.6\os, toil, (Lidd.) whence p.6\is,
and liûKos. Toilsome. (2) Môles, pains, exertion.
As 5di, odium. (3) Mola. ?
Môlïmen, attempt. From
Môlior, I stir or effect anything (mole) with pains
or difficulty. As Mn. 1. 33: Tantae molis erat
Romanam condere gentem.— Or to raise (molem) a
bulky weight.
Mollis. For mobilis, moblis, easy to be moved,
pliant, soft. In Georg. 2. 389, Heyne explains
93
MON
mollia by mobilia, and in 3. 76, Ceruti does the
same. Mobilis aetas, in 3. 165, as said of the young,
is pliant.
Mollusca, a kind of nut, as being softer, says
Macrobius, than all nuts. Above.
Molo, I grind. Mola. Or fut. p.v\â.
Môlossi canes, Molossian mastiffs. MoAottikoI
ttives, Xen.
Molossus, Molybdis. GR.
Mômen. Moveo, movimen.
Momentum, motion, change ;—power, influence
on the mind. Moment of time, i.e. one movement
of it. Moveo, movimentum. Or partly molior, mo-
limentum.
Monâchus, Monas, Monastêrium, Monaulos. GR.
Monëdíila, jackdaw. Monêta, monelula. From
its supposed fondness for coin. ' Non plus aurum
tibi quàm monedulœ committebant : ' Cic. ' Monedu-
larum, cui soli avi furacitas auri argentique praccipuè
mira est : ' Plin. (2) Moneo. ' As advising the
augurs in their auguries : ' Voss.
Môneo. See on Memini.
Monêris, ship of one bank of oars. yiovhpns.
Monêta, money coined ; and a mint. Moneo, as
Fruticêta, Rubêta. The object of stamping money
being to hand down the date and show the value of
the money. Ainsw. says, as showing forth for adora
tion the effigy of some god. (2) As stamped in the
temple of Juno Monêta, so called from certain
alleged fabulous reasons.
Monile, necklace. As dOmo from SAp.w, so monile
(as Hastile, Cubile,) from /xdvos. Wright in his
Lexicon : ' Mávvos, pÁvos, a necklace. Mavvo(pópos,
wearing a necklace.' And Dr. Jones : ' Mavvoipópos,
bearing a chain about the neck, Theocr. xi. 41.
From pÁvvos, a chain. And hence, it should seem,
Pm.vv6.kiov or p.avi<ÍKvs, a necklace.' And p.avidi<iov.
(Steph. ccccxxxi.) And the Schol. on Theocritus
says : Wlávvos 8c iffrtv ó ireptTpax'hXios KÓcrp.os, tò
KeyòpLtvov p.avvé.Kiov. Though some read in Theo
critus àp.vo<pnpws. (2) But perhaps from moneo, as
Plautus calls thongs of ox-hide monumenta bubula,
though jocularly. Monile will thus be a remem
brancer, memorial, memento, of affection or public
virtue. As Madan explains Torquibus in Juv. 16.
60 : ' Chains of gold worn about the necks of those
whose valor had rendered them worthy of honors.'
iElian : El^e 5è Kal &yaAp.a Trepi rbv avx*va in
(rairtpclpov KÍ9ov, KaX éVaAetro rb &yaAfia 'AA^tíeia.
And in Sir H. Davy's Consolations in Travel : ' The
rosary suspended round my neck is a memorial of
sympathy and respect for an illustrious man.'
Mono—. All these words are GR.
Mons. As sOntis from alvrns, and much as
pOndus from pEndo, is mantis from mineo, minitum,
mintum, (as Teneo, Tentum,) to project over. So
many suppose promOntorium put for promlnitorium.
 MON
Cscsar has Montes qui impenderent. (a) As B and
M were interchanged in B0A.7ÌS, M0X7ÒÎ ; Bvpp.v^,
Mvp/ini-; and as Hesychius states à/KpíaMaiva was
said for àp.<píaBaii/a, and Liddell says : ' B into M,
as Mefifipas for Bep.Bpás : ' so Bavbs, Mol. for Bovvbs,
could through navbs produce mons, as ye'NOS,
geNS. St. Luke has irâv Ópos /col Bovvós. And
Donnegan translates BowoeiSiis, mountainous, hilly.
(3) yiéya, p.ép.ova. ' The everlasting hills.' And
see Psa. 125. 1.
Monstro, I inform. Moneo, monsum makes mon-
strum, as Rado, Rasum makes Rastrum : hence also
monstro. To teach, instruct, guide, show.
Monstrum, prodigy. From moneo, monsum whence
also monstro. A prodigy by which the gods showed
their will and future events. Cicero : ' Quia osten-
dunt, portendunt, monstrant, prodicunt, Ostenta,
Portenta, Monstra, Prodigia dicuntur.'
Mônûmentum. Moneo, as Documentutn.
Mora, delay. From p.tlpa, p,4p.opa, as Tempus from
Te/i""- Separation, interval, space, pause, stop.
Valerius : Moras spatiumque. (2) Soft for rnona,
fiovà, delay, as Thucyd. p.ovhv iroiûo-Bai. Thus N
gave way to R in cRepus, cReperus from kH4(pas,
and some derive diRus from SíiNcÍí.
Mora, a Spartan regiment. GR.
Môrâtus, endued with good manners ; showing
well the manners of persons. Mores.
Morbònia, a place full of
Morbus, disease. Hesychius : Kipos- Bdmros,
tpBípos, névos, vooos. From this last, p.6pos or
fiópFos, (as S\a, S\Fa, sylVa,) is morvus or morbus.
Mordeo. Properly to separate, says Becman, who
rightly refers to pópos, whence p.op4a>, morDeo, like
tenDo, panDo. Or at once from a word fiopSéw,
formed from p.eípa, p4p.oprai, or from pióptinv, like
Mordicus, with the teeth, by biting. Above.
Morëtum, a salad. Wopjirbv, divided, formed
from fioprjo-ai in Hesych., to divide. Lat. intritum.
Môrîgëro, morem aero, gratify.
Môrio, fool. Mâpos.
Morior. Wl&pos, death.
Mormyr, Môrôlôgus. GR.
Mòror, I delay. Mora.
Môror, am silly. Mupovpat.
Môrôsus, self-willed : sui moris.
Morpheus. Mop<ptvs.
Mors. Mjpoî, as r4yos, Gens.
Morsus. Mordeo, mordsum.
Morta, fate. Moprii Hesych.
Mortâlis. Mors, mortis.
Mortarium, a mortar. Stephens says : ' From
p.dpu, p.4p.oprat, could be poprbs in Hesychius.' So
also mortarium, in which materials are separated by
pounding. (2) For moretarium, mortar for making
moreta, salads.
94
MUG
Mortarium, a vessel in which mortar is made ;
and mortar itself. From the above : ' as having a
plain broad bottom : ' Fore.
Mortuus. Morior should make moritus, morlus.
But mortuus seems formed like Ambiguus, Mutuus.
Môrulus, blackish. Kavpos, dark. (2) Morum,
a mulberry.
Môrum, mulberry. Vlópov. (2) Or uavpoy, dark.
Môrus, mulberry-tree. Above.
Mos. Modus, mos, much as Volis, Vis; and
moris formed after Mus, Mûris. Horace: More
modoque. (2) Shortened from vópos, as in Modern
Greek Siv for oùSèy, vk for Tua.
Mostellum, a little monster. Monstrum, mon-
strellum, as Flagellum.
Môtacilla, wag-tail. Moto, to move often. Mo-
tacula, motacilla, as Navicula, Navicella.
Môto, Môtus. Moveo, movitum, môtum.
Moveo. Haigh thus : As *fy>, ^Eol. for Biip,
moveo from a word fioBta, JE. p.o<péw, from ptitos,
disturbance. To disturb, unsettle, put out of place.
Much as txXn, ix^f". In ' Moturn ex Metello
cousule civicum,' motum means p.66ov. Or fióBos
is iróvos, labor (as in Hesychius), and p.o04a would
exactly agree with Molior from Moles : ' To move a
thing with great labor and difficulty.' (2) Bp.
Blomfield (on Agam. 1614) deduces moveo from
the obs. n6u or p.o4a, noFíw, (as &4u, aVeo,) to
make to go, whence pi6\u to come ; allied (says
Becman) to p.iu, pep-aa, ptaivw, to excite ; and (says
Riddle) to p.4u, Lat. meo, to go, àfieípw, àp.ev(a.
Mox. As niX for niVS, so mox for mo VS, i. e.
tam citò quàm te moveas, quamprimum te moves or
moveris. As in a Moment of time, from Moveo,
Movimentum. So Actutum. See on viX. (2)
For modis, like sing, modo, just now.
Mu, a muttering. ME.
Mûceo, to be foul, thick, feculent, dreggy. From
mucus. (2) To be dead, flat. As Sitio, Siticus,
(Siccus,) so morior, moricus, and (as Providens,
Prudens ; Movito, Muto,) mucus, muceo. ' Un-
guenta suis moriuntur horis,' Plin. (3) VhMm,
pLvbaiibs, pLvbandw, contr. muceo, as paSAw, mad£o.
Thus mptmbs and Manacus, and in some measure
KVKCLW, KVKOvÁw.
Mucinium, Muccinium, handkerchief. Mucus.
Mûcro, point of a spear, &c. Dahler in Steph.
ccccxxxiv : ' yioupwva' rby ò{úy 'EpuBpaìoi, Hesy
chius. That is to say, mucronem.' (2) As Maria
M. for riarcu, Mcp.f}pàs for BtpHpas, (Lidd.) so
mucro for pucro, pucronis, from pugo, pungo. C,
as paCiscor for paGiscor. (3) Riddle says, for
ixpav. Certainly we find "OKpts : but the M ?
Mucus, Muccus. Mugo, mungo, as Tago, Tango ;
mugicus, mugcus, mucus.
Mûgil, mullet. As iiv&v from /«Sfa, mucus ; so
mucus, mucilis, as Facilis, and mugilis. ' The slime
 MUG
fish,' Lidd. It feeds, says Aristotle, on its own
slime.
Mugïnor, to be long about a thing. Mums,
mucinor, and (as muGio,) muyinor, as from &\iwa,
mucus, is f3Kevvos, drivelling, sluggish. Thus k6-
pv(a is used for stupidity. And Horace has
Emunctae naris for the opposite quality. (2) Mvfa,
fié/ivya, to mutter, mumble. (3) Soft for nuginor
from nugor.
Mugio, to bellow. From the sound mu, mu,
whence fiviciu ; or through ftvKcia, for mucio, mugio.
Mûla. Mulus, as Lupa.
Mulceo, to soften. As KiKa/ios, Culmus, so
juaAa/cbs, or a word fiaXaKeto, jE. fioKoKtw, molceo,
mulceo.
Mulcïber, Vulcan : à mulcendo ferrum. Like Fa-
ber, Tuber. Macrobius : ' Quòd ignis omnia mulceat
ac domet.'
Mulco, to cudgel. Ma\o/c5, to soften, and mulco,
as K<L\a/xos, Culmus. Terence : sandalio commiti-
gare caput. (2) Molo, molico, as Fodico ; molco.
To grind, bruise.
Mulcto, Multo, to fine, punish: from mulgeo,
mulctum. Scheller : ' In popular discourse Mulgeo
aliquem pecuniâ, might be used like Emungo, for
Privo. Hence mulcta is properly a participle :
mulcta pecunia.' Money squeezed out. 'KptKyw
similarly, whence mulgeo, has this sense.
Mulctra, milk-pail. From
Mulgeo, to milk. From àuo\yéa formed from
àfjié\yv, whence ài>ui\y6s.
Mûliëbris : from
Mulier. Wachter : ' Properly it means molitrix
from Germ, malen, i. e. molere, to grind.' Thus
Isa. 47. 2. But rather from Gr. /iiwa, uv\â,
in the same sense. Perhaps thus : nvxfeaaa, /iv-
\fe<ro>, pv\fepPt as arboS, arboR. (2) From 'nobis
for ájuaAij, tender; indeed /laxhs seems to have
existed (Steph. 5919). U, as plUteus from irAA-
Tíoî, hUmus from xA/i<is. (3) From /iiwa, pv\â,
in Theocritus. Voss : ' MvWu, coëo, may have
been formerly a word of delicacy, like others which
became otherwise by use.'
Mulleus calceus, shoe of a red or purple color.
From the color of the mullet. ' Suffusum sanguine
muUi,' Ov. ' Puniceos mullos,' Auson. This shoe
is called by Dion ípvBóxpovs.
Mullus, mullet. From /ivWos in Athenaeus, says
Becman. Though Donnegan states that the exact
species of piwos is not ascertained. (2) Mugil,
mugilus, muglus, mullus.
Mulsus, softened with honey. Mulceo, mulsum.
Some take it actively, softening : leni mulso, Hor.
Multa, a fine. See Mulcto.
Multïfarius. Multus, sari to speak, as Nefarius.
Gr. Supdffios, Sitparos, rpífparos, &C
Multïfïdus. Fido,findo.
95
MUR
Multïplïco, facio multiplicem.
Multïtia, -tïcia, robes finely wrought. Multùm
ico : struck much by the weaver's slay. (2) Mul-
tilicia, as of many threads. The finer the stuff, the
more numerous must be the threads. Thus Samite
is from í{ójiuTos, of six threads : and Spenser says,
In silken samite she was LIGHT arrayed.
Multïtûdo, as Solitudo. Multus.
Multo. See Mulcto.
Multus. As Stolidus, Stultus, so multus, anc.
moltus, for molidus from moles, as Sordes, Sordidus.
In a mass, much, many.
Mûlus. As tpClpbs, fUris, from fiûAvs, dull, stu
pid. (2) M&Aos, toil.
Mundus, clean, neat : i. e. for munctus, muntus,
mundus, as mulCTo, mulTo; and menTior, men-
Tax, menDax. Munctus, like Emunclus, is ' emun-
gendo purgatus,' as in the phrase ' Emunctœ naris.'
So emunctus, in eloquent speaking, is explained by
Forcellini ' qui utitur oratione purgatâ, nitidâ.'
Munctus then is 'nitidus,' and is from mungo,
which (like tago, taNgo,) is from nìryû, fut. of
líía<ra: (Steph. 11151.) (2) Littleton from ifii-
avros. ?
Mundus, i, the world. From the neatness and
grace displayed in the universe. Seneca : Nitidus
mundus. Pliny admirably : ' Quem KÓ<r/iov Graeci
nomine ornamenti appellavere, eum nos à perfectâ
absolutâque elegantiâ mundum.'
Mundus, a lady's toilet. By which she becomes
mundior. And ' in mundo ' is at hand, ready : i. e.
in good order, neatly, nicely.
Munëro, I give munera.
Mungo, to wipe the nose. Wlvcraa, nvym, as
Tago, Tango.
Munia. See Mcenia.
Munïceps. Munia capio.
Munïfícus. Qui munia facit.
Munio, anc. momio. See Momia. Munio viam,
to make a road strong with flint like (mœnia) walls.
Munis. Doing our mune, part or duty.
Mûnus, gift. See in Mœnia. A show, spectacle,
as a public boon to the people. A funeral exhibi
tion, as a present to the dead, says Tertullian. And
a public building, as in Mœnia.
Mùraena, lamprey. Mvpaiva.
Murcia, the goddess of the slothful. This seems
the same as Venus, who was called by this name.
As making slothful or effeminate. See murcus.
(2) This name of Venus, says Pliny, was written
also Murtia and Myrtea, and hence from /ivpros ;
various fantastic reasons being given for the myrtle
being appropriated to Venus.
Murcïdus, slothful. See murcus.
Murcius, sacred to Murcia.
Murcus, a poltroon, pollice truncus. Supposed
to be the same as murcidus, slothful. As Kdhanos,
 MUR
Culmus, so uaAaxhs, soft, mulcus : and murcus, as
trtA<pi, siRpe; tuLban, tuRban. Effeminate, indo
lent, cowardly. (2) Hesychius states that the
Syracusans used fivpxos for dumb ; hence Voss car
ries the meaning to impotent, inactive.
Mûrex, shell-fish ; purple ; trumpet made of a
hollow shell ; anything jagged like the exterior of a
shell, as a bit, a caltrap, a point of a rock. Mva|.
As whs, nuRus ; iraAAAf, pellEx ; and sorEx.
Mûria, pickle from the tunny; strong brine.
' Apparently from à\p.vphs, by aphaeresis : ' Forcell.
Perhaps from a word àxuvpía. As Uncle from
Avunculus. (2) MCpâ, fut., to flow. Manilius :
Hinc sanies pretiosa FLUIT, &c.
Murmur. From uopuópu, Spâ, to roar as water.
Murrha, Myrrha, the murrhine stone. MSfifia
Pausan. Adj. uov^ivn Arrian.
Mûrus, wall. Some from píu, to shut up : but
the old form was mcerus, for which see on Mœnia.
Mus, mouse. Mûs.
Músa. Moûaa, JE. ixvaa.
Mûsâgëtës. MovffaycTTjs.
Musca, fly. Muîa, uvtffKv, as traitíaicn.
Muscerda, mouse-dung. Cerno, cernida. See
Excrementum.
Muscïpûla, mouse-trap. Capio.
Muscúlus, a little mus, mouse. A sea-fish in its
form, which protects the whale, and is described by
Claudian. A shed in sieges : Lipsius says, because
the soldiers dug under it like mice ; or because they
got like mice under these hollow engines. But
Vegetius says, because those smaller engines pre
pared the way for the large towers, just as these
small fish assisted the whale. Also, a muscle-fish,
and a muscle of the body, like p.vs.
Muscus, musk. Mi<rxos-
Muscus, moss. Vliex05 in Homer, soft, tender.
Ovid : molli musco.
Mùsëum, Mûsïcê, Mûsïcus. Mova-tîov, &c.
Musïmo, Musmo, a mongrel. Strabo calls them
iwíafiovts, rams with goats' hair. The I may be
for softness, as uvâ, mina.
Mûsîvum, mosaic. MoucrûFov, or from Musœ.
' As elaborated by the Muses, or because Museums
were often thus ornamented : ' Spon.
Musso, to mutter, speak in a low hesitating voice ;
hence to hesitate. From ui£o>, as uáZa, maSSa.
Or from mutio, mussum, as Quatio, Quassum.
Mustâceus, bridecake. Cato : ' Mustaceos sic
facito : farinae modium muslo conspergito,' &c.
Mustëla, weasel. ' Mus longior,' Becm. See
Mantële.
Mustus, ' fresh, new, young. Perhaps from p.6-
trx«s, tender.' Forcell. I. e. dialectically /j.6a6os.
(2) But the real meaning may he sweet. As
Torreo, Tostum ; rnulceo could make musturn, and
mustum would he much the same as mulsum:
96
NAC
mulsus also meaning ' sweet. ' Mustum vinum then
is fresh sweet wine : and musta virgo (or mustea,
succi plena, Forcell.) in Naevius, and musta agna in
Cato, is sweet-fleshed, delicious, tender, young.
' Mustum, sweet and new wine : ' Dumesn. And
Virgil has DULCIS musti humor.
Mûtïlus, mutilated. Mtv\os, transp.
Mûtînus, -ûnus, Priapus. Muto, ônis.
Mùtio, to mutter. From the sound mu, whence
uifa. (2) Mutus.
Mûtïto, to feast one another by turns. Muto, as
Mussito. (2) Mutuito, as Januitor, Janitor. ' Mu-
tuaque inter se convivia curant,' Virg.
Muto, to change. Moveo, movitum, movito,
mo'ito, muto, as Providens, Proi'dens, Prudens. To
move the situation of any thing.
Mûto, ônis, i. q. ntos. Hesych. : /ìÓttjî, 6 irphs
rà 'A(ppoSÍ<ria 4K\c\vp.évos. (2) Movito, tônis, à
moveo, movitum, movito, unde Muto, âvi. Nam
semper sese movet, cùm nosmet movemus : ut Paleae.
Sic Mentum forsan à Movimentum.
Mutûlus, a stay cut out of stone or timber, stick
ing from the wall, for support : a corbel or bracket.
' Mutilus : trabs mutila : ' Ainsw. (2) Perhaps for
muluulus from mutuus. For 1 mutua inter se te-
nentur ' (Lucret.) the corbel and what it supports.
Mutuor, I borrow. Varro from the Sicil. noirov,
a favor. —'Mutuus,' says Riddle, 'and this from muto.
Borrowed or lent, usually of things not themselves
returned, but only their equivalents, as money, com,
&c.' Some understand it as what is to be repaid
back, so that there is a mutual engagement : the
one lends to the other, to receive from him as much
again. Or from mutual obligations done and re
ceived, the reciprocation of kind offices. Certain it
is that the adjective is used as well as the verb :
' Nummos mini dares utendos mutuos :' ' Quaerendo
argento muluo : ' ' Talentum muluum dederam : '
&c. (3) Paul. Digest. 12. 1. makes muluum to be
meotuum : and mutuor, de meo luum facio. This
is a mere pun.
Mùtus, dumb. From iìvttùs in Hesychius, who
has also /iút^s and p.6Sos.
Mutuus. Muto, to exchange, as Irriguus.
My— : All words beginning thus are Greek words
beginning with uv .
N.
Nablia, Naulia, a psaltery. GR.
Nacca, Nacta, Natta, one following a low trade as
a fuller. Liddell : ' Ndjcoj, a woollen skin. Hence
Lat. nacœ, whence again nacca, fullo.' Naca, nacica,
as Nasica. But better through a word vákti\s from
TO/tTct, Hesych. (from vaaait^) explained -robs irÍAous
seal ra iunlXia. Nacta produces natta and nacca.
(3) Nactus : as Cerdo from «epSoj. ?
 KM
Nse, Ne, certainly. Nol, N^. " ' " ' '
Naevus, a mole, spot. Ane. gnœus, gnamus, like
Gnatus. Eustath. on II. c. 253 states that yevvaios
meant formerly avyyevris koI íu<pvros. And Forcell.
explains navus ' kváIs ffvuweipvKvìa, genitiva ma
cula,' a spot born with one. Ttvvdios then, yvoûFos,
gnœvus. (2) Salmas. : ' Kvcûos is Greek from
Kvaiai, and meant irdBos, <pvfxa : hence gnavus.'
Nais, Naiàí, Naiad.
Nam. As Mew, NcS/x, Num, so pay, (y£olic of
nb*>) vàu, nam. Hoogeveen states the power of
fi)iv to be /3e/3aitoTi/rì), confirmatory : and nam is the
confirmation of a previous remark. Thus also Quis-
nam, Quianam, Utinam.
Nancio, -cior, -ciscor, light on. Nanciscor, as
Apiscor, Paciscor. Nancio by euphony for nacio, as
HaNSdvu, taNgo, fraNgo. Now, as /StN-ricn-os,
j)N9t, c^íNtis were yEolic forms for /SéAtmttos, i)A0e,
tpl/iris, and as Steph. de Urb. states, TV obtl Aatta
rivis \4yovaw, à\\à Ndtda ; so nacio from Aaxtfa,
\axtâ, (like patlOR,) allied to Aayxiva. Conversely
■Airpov for Nirpov, Lympha for Nympha. (2) As
.Nascor for Gnascor, so nancior for gnancior or
gnacior from yewda, yvdus, iyvàxa and a new verb
4ypcfam, as ir&pVKta, Trçtppdiu. Thus c/>ú« is to get.
' iptvas <piinv, to get understanding : SóÇav <píav,
to gain reputation : ' Lidd.
Nanus, Nâpaeœ, Naphtha. GR.
Nâpus, French turnip. ' Net™, mustard. Like
in leaves and seed, and somewhat in the root : '
Fore.
Narcissus, Nardus. GR.
Nâres, nostrils. Napiij, flowing.
Narro. Ainsworth : ' From gnarus ; and under
stood by Velius, notum or narum facio, Seal. Gnar-
rat, narrât, StnyÛTai, Vett. Gl. Gnarruisse, nar
rasse, Fest.' Thus Gnosco, Nosco. And gnarus
as in ignarus. Or the older form is gnaruris,
whence gnaruro, gnarro, narro. To make cogni
zant of.
Narthêcium, medicine-chest. GR.
Nascor. Ttvvdw, yvdw, yvdcrKw, gnasco, nasco,
as pdw, $d<TKa. So yiváaKw, Gnosco, Nosco. And
• nascor is yçvvdofxai, yvd&Kofiai.
Nâsïca, with a sharp nasus.
Nâsïterna, a bucket. Nasus, ternus : having three
noses. ' Calicem nasorum quatuor : ' -Juv.
Nassa, twig-net to catch fish. Nacrera, vijerera, is
a duck, ' from via to swim, via,' Lidd. So vâaaa
could have meant a twig-net floating in the water :
Ainsw. So ' vrjaos, is floating land : ' Lidd. (2)
Nootìî, vaara, vaaaa, close-pressed. As Silius
describes ' the fisherman weaving it : ' Cautiùs in
teriors ligat ; mediamque per alvum Sensim fastl-
gans COMPRESSA cacumina nectit,' &c.
Nasturtium, cresses. Nasus tortum. Twisting
the nose ; as our Nose-smart,
97
NEC
Nasus, nose. NSeru, a flowing. So j>\v from j>4a
or obs. j>ia. See Nares.
Nâsûtus, with a large nose. Satirical, as making
a long nose. As /uwcTijpifw. Above.
Nâta, daughter. Natus.
Nâtâlis, belonging to our natus, birth.
Nates, the buttocks. Neoros, yàros, extremus.
(S) Ncíe», to flow. ' Per easdiffluit humor:' Voss.
Nâtio, progeny, breed, race. Natus. Not foreign
ers, but indigenous.
Nâto. No, natum. As Datum.
Nâtrix, water-serpent. No, natum. The swimmer.
Nâtûra. Tcvvda, yvda, gnao, gnatum, gnatura,
ready to produce, as Mensura from Mensum. The
Greeks say <pv<ris from <pva. G omitted, as in
Nascor.
Nâtus. TevvâTOS, yvâris.
Nâvâle, a dock. Navis.
Nâvarchus, Nauclêrus. Naúapxoî> *c-
Naucus, -um, peel of a nut, skin of a walnut,
kernel of an olive : anything of no value. N?)oOxo*
means, holding ships : but, like vfyrowos, vnicepiiis,
it might have meant also, not containing any thing,
vile. (2) No! oûx'i verily not. A nonentity.
Naufrâgus. Navì-fragus. See Frango.
Nâvïgo, I sail. Navem ago. Primarily applicable
to rowers of ships. (2) Ago tempus in navi.
Nâvis. News, vats, na Vis, as íïs, SFts, oVis. Or
from gen. vais.
Nâvïta. Nâvis. (2) Havdrns, vaíara, nâváta.
Naulum, Naumáchia. GR.
Nâvo, I do anything nâvê.
Nausea. Naucrea.
Nauta. N01/T77S, or Navita.
Nautea, filth from the pump of the ship. NoSs ;
and vavo-la, vavria, which may have so meant. Some
understand nautea anything causing a vavria, qualm-
iness, as tan-water, curriers' black, &c.
Nautïcus. Noutik(Íî.
Nâvus. See Gnaws.
Ne, not ; lest. Ne— as in véiroScs, or vn— as in
vfrrotvos.
Ne, interrogative postfix. Here, as above, ne is
Not. ' Janme vides,' is Do you not see ? And so
uii is used : M); <ri< iXoiiffu ; properly, whether or
not have you bathed ? (2) *Hk, if, transposed. ?
Nebris, fawn's skin. NcjSoiy.
Nebula, cloud. N«p4Ka, nebëla, as amBo, and
scopUlu8.
Nëbiilo, rascal, knave. Ne-obolus ; worth not an
obolus, otStfbs &£ios. (2) Nebula. Seeking dark
ness for his bad deeds. Lucilius : Lucifugus nebula.
So Tenebrio from Tenebrae. See John 3. 20. Some
understand it, throwing mist and dust in others'
eyes. Others, as unsubstantial as a mist; or at
trifling.
Nec. Negue, neq'. So Atque, Atq', Ac.
N
 NEÇ
Necdum. See Nondum.
Nëcessârii, intimate friends or relations. Necesse.
As necessary to our wants : or on whom the neces
sary offices of life are conferred beyond other men.
Nëcesse. From ne cesso, or cedo, cessum, as
Nefastus, Neque. It is urgent, pressing : we must
not loiter or withdraw. Justin : ' Non timido, non
ignavo, cessare turn licuit.' (2) Without which
* nec esse licet.' ?
Nécessitas. Necesse.
Nëcessïtûdo. See Necessarii.
Nëco, I kill. Nex, necis, death ; this from vims,
a corpse.
Necromantia, necromancy. GR.
Nectar, drink of the gods. GR.
Necto, weave. Necto, says Haigh, 'from ívÌtctm,
'yá-rra, JE. 'viicrte.' As grAdior, grEssus; irA<r-
o-aXos, pEssulus : A omitted, as Rura from "Apovpa.
(2) As Plecto from irA^trcr», WhAtjktou ; we can
suppose from via, to spin, a verb vi\aaa, or v4\xa,
peVijtTcu, as from via to swim is rfix"- Voss :
* Necto is properly to join together by spinning ;
generally, to join and bind together by any tie.'
Nëdum, much less or more. 'Vix in terris,
nedum in mari : ' i. e. ne turn dicam. Dum, as in
Agedum, Adesdum.
Nefandus. Fandus is what is worthy to be spoken
of: nefandus, what is not fit or worthy to be spoken
of, like Infandus. So Fas, Nefas.
Nëfârius, as above. As Multifarius.
Nëfas. A'e i. e. non,/»». See Nefandus.
Nëfrendes, young pigs, ne frendere, not able to
champ solid food.
Neglïgo, I neglect. Nec lego, as Negotium, Nec-
opïnus. I do not choose it.
Nëgo, deny. For nejo, like our Garden and the
French Jardin. From ne-aio, as in Nequeo, Nescio:
ne-ajo, as rpola, troJa ; and then nejo. See Vexo.
Terence : ' Negat quis ? Nego. Ait ? Aio.' Gr. 06
<p7i/ii, Lat. diffiteor. (2) For ne-ago : not to do
what is asked. So some derive Inficiae from In-
-facio.
Nëgôtior, transact business : from
Nëgôtium, employment ; anything about which
we are employed. Nec otium, as Negligo.
Nêma, Nëmësis. GR.
Nêmo. Ne homo quidem, as Semo.
Nempe, to wit, surely. Nam, i. e. ftàv or priv
transp., and irn as pe in Quippe. (2) Miv irn, vip.
irp.
Nëmus, wooded pasture. Nifios.
Nênia, Nsenia. ' Njjyía, a public eulogy, some
times with the flute ; hence a dirge, only found in
Lat. nenia; though acc. to Cic. Legg. 2. 24 the
word is Greek : ' Lidd. However Hesych. has
vnvvpl(oyra, Qpnvovma. And Pollux says that
vnviwrov is a Phrygian word, mentioned by Hippo-
NIC
nax. And Hesych. again has viviiaTos, a child's
song and a Phrygian melody. Thus the Greeks
adopted the word from Phrygia, and added to it.
Hivviov also is mentioned by Hesychius. ' They
wrongly write nenia with JE,' says Becman. (S)
From a word ivtuvia, 'vturim, as ivtv\oyia Acts 3.
25.
Nênia was changed in course of time into the
sense of any trilling song or common saying : 'these
dirges being sung by hired or ignorant persons, who
mixed silly things with them : ' Fore. See Nugae.
Nënu. See Non.
Neo, I spin. N«o.
Nèophjítus, Nëôtërîcus. GR.
NEPA, scorpion. An African word, say Festus
and Nonius.
Nëpëta, nep, wild pennyroyal. A'e, pôto, as per-
jûro, pejëro. Ne, as Nefandus. Columella reckons
it among herbs ' mali succi : ' though Pliny says
wine was made of it. (2) From Nepete, a town of
Etruria.
Nëpos, descendant ; grandson, nephew. The
vìttovs of Homer, explained ritcvov and àvóyovos.
(2) Néos, viFos, nePos. See Piscis.
Nëpos, a spendthrift. From grandfathers too
much indulging their grandsons, and thereby lead
ing them to waywardness and profligacy.
Neptis, granddaughter. Nepos, itis.
Neptûnus. As Portus, Portûnus, from vim-u.
From the sea washing the shore. Thus KXiSuv is a
wave, from K\é(a>, to wash. In Gruter p. 460 is
Neptumnus, vnrró/ievos. So Portumnus is found.
Nëquara, good for nought. For ne aliquant rem
valens, much as Frugi is an adjective. We have
Nequaquam, for JV« quâquam re. (2) Ne quid-
quam or ne qua-yuam valens.
Nëque. Ne, que : et non.
Nëqueo. Queo. As Nescio.
Nêquidquam, -cquam, not in any way. To no
purpose, i. e. all for nothing ; it comes to nothing ;
he gains nothing, ne quidquam lucratur.
Nêquïter, Nëquïtia. Nequam.
Nereus, a sea-god. Nnptis.
Nervus, sinew, string, thong, fetter, (funibus
nervinis, Veget.) stocks, prison. NevpFov, nerVum,
as S\fo, sylVa: the termination changed, (a)
fitvpop, neurìvus, nervus.
Nescio. A7!» i. e. non scio.
Neu, neither. Neve, Nev'.
Nëve. Much as Nëque.
Neurôbâta, rope-dancer. GR.
Neuter. A'e user, as Neque.
Neutïquam, in no wise. Ne utique quâquam.
Nex, nëcis. See Neco.
Nexo, Nexus. Necto, nexum.
Ni. For nisi.
Nïcêtêrîa, rewards of victory. GR.
 NIC
Nicto, I wink. Niveo, nixi, nictum: see Con-
nivco. Nivsi into mm, much as niTor, niTSum
into niXnm.
Nictor, wrong for Nixor.
Nîdor. As (ci/ÍÎTj, a nettle, from itylÇa, ftfWSa, so
is nidor, like xviaaa, a smell or steam rising from
things roasted, as producing a pungent sensation.
K omitted for softness, as X in araNea from
àpíXtin.
Nidus, nest. From voaabs, M. vorrbs, a nestling ;
hence vo85i>s, and niddus, as '0/i$pos, Imbris ; Olle,
IUe; kOws, clnis; then nidus, as from ipcrubs,
'ptrubs, 'peuubs is rêmus. In Virgil, ' Dulcem nidis
immitibus escam,' nidi are the nestlings. (8)
From nitidus, trim, neat.
Niger. From obs. ri>£, yvxbs, whence irayv&xtos-
Black as night. Prov. 7.9: In the black and dark
night. As artiros, stipes; and Gero from Xtpós.
(8) Nigrus from ye«p6s. From the color of death.
Homer has uéKavos èayiroio, and Lucretius Mortis
nigrore, and the Latin poets generally Nigra hora,
niger ille dies, &c. I, as itAEku, pllco. Scheid
quotes Hesychius : THUtof SiatpBopd. (3) For nubi-
ger.
Nïhïlum, Nihil, Nil. Ni, as in Nimirum, or
nisi hilum.
Nimbus. As M is added in cuMbo, laMbo, so in
nimbus for nembus from yé<pos, as TE-yyai, tlngo;
tutu, amBo. ' A dark cloud bringing storm : '
Ridd. (a) Derived like xtywPos from vItttw. Cow-
per: The rose had been wash'd in the shower.
Indeed a word viufios may have been formed, like
Bdupos, 8póp.fSos, tÍjujSoî, tjTpáufìos, \4uftos, from
dfati), rp4<pu, rv(pa>, trrpttpta, \iwoo. See Limbus.
Nîmîrum. Nil mirum est. You need not won
der : it is certainly so.
Nimis. See Nimius.
Ntmius is for ne-medius, as Necesse, Nescio,
Nequeo : contr. into nemius, as MeitíSioí into Mé
dius, Potis-est into Potest, Tépayos into Grus. Then
nimius, as vEndico, vlndico ; lEber, liber. Or
thus : nemedius, nemidius, nimius. Or (as nisi,
nihil, nimirum,) nimedius, nimidius, nimius. (a)
Voss : ' Nimium from víj uûoy, non minùs.' Rather,
nimium is from nimis, and this for ne minùs : Not
too little, but the contrary. Nimis, ne dum minus.
By Litotes, as : Et non innoxia verba.
Ningit, it snows. For ntgit, as in liNgo. Ni'<f>a>,
to snow, is allied by Liddell to vifa, to wash.
Hence vl(u, £a>, fut. 2. vïyâ, to snow, seems to have
existed and produced ningo.
NÏ8Ï. For ne si, i. e. si non. As Nefas.
Nïsus, a sparrow-hawk. Forcellini from Nisus
who was changed into it, Ov. Met. viii. (a) Turton
from Hebr. niza from nazah to fly. Why not from
nitor, nisus f Thus Rapido nisu in Virgil is ex
plained by Forcell. ' volatu,' flight ; as also Insoli-
99
NON
tos docuere nisus, Hor. and Pinnarum nisus inanis,
Lucret.
Nisus, attempt. Nitor, nisus.
Nitêdûla, Nitella, Nitëla, a field-mouse. Dale-
camp ' à nitore, from the shining of its hair and
skin : ' or as being sleek or slim. As Ficedula.
Voss says the I is long in Martial 5. 38 : but the
word and its sense are disputed there ; and Bentley's
nitedula in Horace is a mere guess, (a) Voss, as
' nïíens scandendo arbores. ' ?
Nïteo, to shine. From víÇa, vtrvrm, to wash,
whence virpov and obs. vnia ; or from fut. yi&ca.
Thus Lautus, which has the sense of Nitidus, from
Lavo. Dumesnil defines niteo ' to shine with a
gentle brightness, such as what is cleaned.'
Nïtor, to strain, strain after, &c. As Mopipa,
Gopuà, Forma ; May, NcD/i, Num ; so Ttivoym,
transp. vcirouai, nitor. (a) From vitraouai, vinro-
puu, to stimulate oneself. Or viaooiiai, vlrrouai,
to go towards an object, and thus exert oneself for
it. (3) Festus says it was Gnitor, Gnitus, Gnixus,
(as Gnascor, Gnosco,) from genu : To kneel upon.
Say yovylrrofuu, as uIvÍtto/jm. Allied to yovvd-
(ouai.
Nîtrum, nitre. ì&írpov.
Nïveus, from
Nix, nïvis, snow : i. e. nivs, nivis, from perf.
vtvHpa whence vupàs a snowflake. So viVSi, viXi.
(a) Nifaj, vtyZ, nigo, nixi, ningo.
Nixor, I endeavour. Nitor, nitsus, nissus or
nirus. Thus rpiÇbs, StÇbs for Tpiaabs, $iao6s. And
UlyXes for UlySSes.
No, I swim. Ne'eu, vû.
Nôbïlis. For gnobilis, as Ignosco is In-gnosco,
from yiváaKw, yviatue, Nosco. So Gnatus, Natus.
Nosco, noscibilis, nobilis, as Moveo, Mobilis.
Noceo, I hurt. From vvyéa fut. of viaaa, to
pierce, puncture. As uT\a, mOla ; utoTéa, misCeo.
(3) Becman from a word vacua to kill, from véicvs.
Noctua, owl. ' Node volant, seroque tenent à
vespere nomen,' Ov.
Nôdus, knot. From a word yoyipi^s, yytpSijs,
from yóyv, the knee jot joint of the grasses ; like
Geniculatus, knotted, jointed, r dropt, as in Tivii-
(TKa, Gnosco, Nosco. (a) Haigh from óSós : as
stopping the continuity of the stalk, &c.
Nôlo. Non volo, as in nonvult.
Nómen. Nosco, novi, novimen, nomen, like Lu
men, Agmen. Properly gnomen, as in Agnomen,
Cognomen, Ignominia, from yivdaKu, yv&atm,
gnosco. That by which we are known.
Nômenclâtor, a caller of persons by their names.
Calâtor.
Nomïno. From nomen, inis.
Nomos, district ; tune. GR.
Nôn. Ntj—, as in w)irec6i)s, and mv &o\. of oZv.
Not then. Ne-ôn, nôn, as Sudus for Se-udus. (a)
 NON
The old writers use menu, i.e. rn— and yv, vw, as in
'Ayt my, Scvpó wv. Neun, non, as abdOmen for
abdUmen. (3) ' Ne cenum anc. for unum: ' Freund.
That is, oS Tt.
Nônae, Nones. Nonas. From them to the Ides
are nine days.
Nônâria, meretrix circa nonam horam prostans.
Nondum, not yet. Non dum loquor: non dum
hsec geruntur, &c.
Nongenti, 900. Noni, centum.
Nônus, ninth. Novem, novênus.
Norma, a square rule, &c. For gnorma, as
Gnosco, Nosco. Gnoro, whence Ignoro ; hence
gnorima as Victima ; and gnorma. Which makes
known the correctness or otherwise of lines and
angles. (3) Tv&purua, by which anything is
known.
Nos. See Vos.
Nosco, anciently gnosco. TiviiiTKa, yv&OKw.
Noster. From nos. As Vos, Voster, Vester. Thus
v&l, vwirtpos.
Nostras, Stis. Noster, tra.
Nota, a mark or sign by which anything may be
known, from nosco, mtum. We have cogmtus i. e.
cognStus, and agnitus; and in other words dïcax
from dlco, edúco from dûco ; &c.
Nôtârius, short-hand writer, using certain marks
and signs. 'Scriptor erit velox,' says Manilius,
' cui litera verbum est, Quique notd linguam supe-
ret,' &c.
Nothus, spurious. Níífloj.
Nôtesco. Notusfio.
Nôtio, a knowledge, perception, conception, idea ;
cognizance of a cause for decision. Notus.
Nôto, I mark. See Nota.
Nôtus. Nosco, noscitum, notum. (a) Tvwròs.
Nôtus, s. w. wind. U6tos.
Nôvâcûla, razor. Novo. As giving the face a new
appearance. Tertullian : Vultus novacuìâ mutare.
Novâlis ager, sown again after being fallow.
Noms, as Gr. vearés. As made new again by
tilling.
Novello, plant young vines. Novettus.
Nôvem, nine. 'Evyia, ivéa, eneem, as Sí'kA,
decEM ; then enovem, as vEos, nOVus : then novem,
as "EpeTfibs, Remus.
November. As September.
NSvensïles Dii, certain gods, but it is doubtful
who and what they were. Some say novem sali-
entet, as being nine and deliberating together, con-
sulentes. Or for novensides, as 'OAv<r<rciis, ULysses :
from sitting together, (a) Novus, sedeo : as sitting
for the first time among the gods, ycanépas 8eov
being found on a marble by J. Navarre. Or as
being foreign gods and newly introduced at Rome.
But the en is not well accounted for. (3) Simply
from novus, with a termination.
100
NUM
NSverca, step-mother; i.e. a hew wife: from
nova, erca being a termination much as those in
Caverna, Volucris, Campester, Crastinus, Roscidus,
Ludicer, Caducus, &c. See Lupercus. (a) From
via àpxh< nearcha, novarcha, as vEoj, nOVus. (3)
Nova hera. (A) Nova uxor quae arceat or coërceal
familiam. (5) Scaliger from erctum or herctum :
' quia nova accedit haereditas. '
Novîcius and Novo, from
Novus. N^os, véFos, neVus, nSvus, as fyw, Ftpw,
VEmo, VOmo.
Nox, noctis. Ni>{, vvktós.
Noxa, Noxia, hurt, '&c. Noceo, nocsum, noxwm.
Lucilius has noxit.
Nûbes. As vovaos and vovffóta from vótros, so
yvoïiípos or yvovipâ from yvótpos, darkness. Hence
nubes, as o-tiStOS, stipES ; or nubo and thence nudes.
r, as Tviiottw, Nosco ; and B, as &fi*w, amBo. (a)
From the root oîvíp.<pr), i. e. vvQui or vifSw, allied to
vé<pos.
Nûbïlârium, covered place for keeping corn.
Nubo, to cover.
Nùbïlus, cloudy. Nubes.
Nûbo, I cover. See Nubes.
Nûbo, I marry, as a woman. I. e. nubo, I cover
my head with a veil, as women did when presented
to their husbands. (2) Neúfw, nuBo ; as the man
asks, the woman assents. As biBo.
Nucleus, the kernel nucis, of a nut. Nuculeus,
as Aculeus.
Nudius tertius, 3 days ago. Nunc dies tertius est
quo &c.
Nûdus, naked. As Sudum for Se-udum, so nudus
for ne-indutus, (as in Ne-cesse, Ne-queo,) not
clothed: or ne-dutus ; duo from Gr. Sua, as hto
from \ia ; or at once from a word i^Sutos. Nedu'
tus, neutus, nudus, as menTior, menTax, menDax ;
PaTbv, vaDum.
Nûgae, trifles. From neu-ago. Quae nihil agunt,
are of no use. Neu-agœ, much as Nec-otium, Ne-
gotium. Afterwards nuga was applied to foolish
songs sung by hired women at funerals. (8) Rid
dle allies it to naucum. Many transpose the mean
ings, and refer nugœ to the Hebr. nugi, ' moesti,'
sad. See Neniae.
Nullus. ullus.
Num. MtSy, transp. vâfi, as Mop<pa, Forma : and
num, as <pïlp, fUr. (a) Nûi>, Ridd. M, as musaM.
Numella, stocks. As ici<paiv from kowtid, so this
from yeia, to make to bend forward : vcvfia or some
such word, (a) Becman thinks that the ' articuli
sive ligamenta mutuò juncta '. represent the form of
numi or nummi, coins.
Nûmen, a nod. Neí», vsvtv\x.svov, whence Innuo.
Will or power, specially of the gods, as expressed by
it. Homer : brivevat Kpovlay. So Annuo.
Númëro, I count. Numerus.
 NUM
Nûmërò, full soon. Numerus is ' multitudo,
copia,' Forcell. Hence numero i. e. temporis, is,
abundè temporis.—Voss says : ' As soon as things
can be numbered, as Mox is as soon as one can
move.'
Numerus, number, quantity, rhythm, tune, &c.
Properly, the distribution of numbers and sounds
into proportions and harmonies; from véfue, vtyopa,
whence vifios, M. vó/iop, a musical strain. Thus
Humerus from &uos, &pop.
Ntimisma, a coin. Kó/xur/ia.
Nummûlârius, money-changer. Qui nummulos
mutat.
Nnmmus, Nûmus. Noû^or, used by Epicharmus,
a Sicilian poet. Dumesnil from yófios: 'as intro
duced as a law in trade.' Ná/xurfia also is a coin :
from vófíos through vofxifa.
Nunc. NCk ye, yvy y', nunc: much as Atque,
Atq, Ac.
Nuncubi. Num alicubi.
Nuncupo, I name. Nomen capio, as Occapio,
Occupo : I take a name for a thing. Others say,
nomine capio. See Nundinse.
Nundinae, fair held every nine days, novem dies.
Novendinœ feriae.
Nundïnor, I trade at the nundinœ.
Nunquam. Ne unquam.
Nuntius, Nuncius. Scaliger says : ' Nuncius is
plainly a Syracusan word. As from iybs is oùyKÍa,
uncia, an ounce ; so from véos is voiyxios, nuncius.'
(B) For nucius, as in taNgo, deNsus, &c. Contracted
from noviscius, qui nova scit, or, per quern nova scias.
(3) From a word yeovxos, who has news. (4) Key
for novi-ventius. Donldn. compares nov-itius.
Nuo, as in Annuo, I nod. News.
Nuper, lately. Novus, noviper, as Parumper,
Paulisper, Tantisper, from Gr. ntp. So prOVIdens,
prOIdens, prUdens. Thus Gr. vemrrì, víav yçywàiTa,
Homer. (2) Morland for yvy trtp : nunper, nupper.
(3) Scaliger from novo opere.
Nupta, Nuptiae. Nubo, nubtum.
Nûrus, daughter-in-law. Nubs, as eSeo, uRo ; /tubs,
muRis.
Nusquam. Ne usquam.
Nûto, nod, waver. Nuo, nutum.
Nûtrio, nourish. As iroiSeiiu is to bring up
children, and òp<paytíu to rear orphans, yearrcpeiu
or -€« could have existed, 'to rear the younger
ones;' or, nearer, vewTtpifa, aw, veurpiû, (though
this in a new sense,) and hence nutrio, much as
tpClphs, fUris.
Nûtrix, a nurse. Nutrio.
Nûtus, a nod. See Nuto.
Nux, núcis, nut. ÍSíaau, yv£a. Hesych. : Nucffei ■
iraitt, ftacrei. As a nut must be broken. Plautus :
' Qui è nuce nucleum vult, frangit nucem.' (2) "Ovuf,
V&Í, the shell of a fish : hence of a nut. See Lis.
101
-OBS
Nyctalops, Nyctëlius. GS. ----- 1
Nympha, a spouse. Ni/jupn. And water: sec
Lympha.
O.
0, oh! *sl.
Oârîon, Orion. 'Oaplav in Pindar.
Ob. From idr", far\, iv òirl, Ivániov, in the face of(
and on account of, like àvrí. B, as òn', aB. (2)
From (V, as "E\aioi>, Oleum; (3) From far'.
f Obba, a beaker, mug, jug. For obbiba from
obbibo, as Funda from Fundo. Ob is here all round,
as in Obambulo. (2) Donldn. compares &/ij8i|.
Obêdio, I obey. Obaudio, obudio, as Recuso,
Cludo ; and obedio, as jUro, dejEro. Gr. imMovw.
(2) 'Chrrfiéa, I follow.
Obëliscus, Obelus. GR.
Obêsus, fat, gross. For obbessus from bassus, fat :
Donldn. Bassus being allied perhaps to viaawv,
very fat. One B, as one P in Oportet. (2) Esus,
whence ambesus, exesus, adesus, is eaten or wasted
away ; and ob puts a contrary sense, as in Obrogo>
Obsoleo. (3) Or the supine obïsum is here like
Obstructus, heaped up, Obductus, &c. : To fill out
the body with eating. (4) Olpbs, the best part ia
the neck of a bull. (5) "Ao-at, to satiate. j
Obex, Objex, ïcis, a bar. Qui objicitur.
Obiter, ob iter, in the course of one's way, by the
way, incidentally.
Obïtus, death. Mortem obeo, obitum, to meet
with one's death.
Oblecto. See Delecto.
Obliquus. Schneider : ' Aly£, fuxtpbs, \inphs,
\iKpi<pis, liens, liquus, obliquus.' (2) Linquo, liqtii,
as Delinquo, Delictum : as leaving the direct path
and turning aside. See limus. (3) Turton from
Rquo, as flowing aside : rather from the verb liquor.
Ob, as in Obstitus. ■
Oblîviscor, I forget. From lino, livi, like ExperT
giscor. I have things blotted out from my mind.
So Oblivium. Oblitus, for oblivitus. :
Obnoxius. Ob noxam, in the way of hurt, &c.
Obôlus, a small coin. 'opo\6s.
Obrussa, -ûsa, -yzum, the essay of gold. "O0pv(a,
-Coy.
Obscœnus, -œnus, -ënus. From ob or obs, as Subs
in Substineo, Sustineo ; and camum, filth. (2) As
it also means ill-omened, unlucky, some refer it to
obsccevinus, from scarva, tricaià, on the left hand,
which was thought lucky in Roman auguries.
Plautus has ' bona scceva.' Obs here then contra
dicts. (3) Others from scena : As met with only
on the stage. But what of the diphthong ?
Obscûrus. From the obs. root ukuw, to darken,
' whence,' says Bp. Blomfield, ' were axiifa>, tricvta,
BKv8p6s.' So also o-KvSiudyu. Donnegan has :
 OBS
1 2/cúpor, a wood or woody place, in Tabul. Heracl.
p. 232.' (B) Donldn. from obsculo, obsculerus, like
Vesperus. (3) From im<ricttpós. As some derive
ob from ht' : and as both llbens and lUbens are
said. (4) From obs, cura. From difficult matters,
which impede one's careful investigation.
Obsècro, ob sacra peto.
Obses, ïdis, hostage. Ob-tedeo. As attentively
and closely watched. Speculatur atque obsidet
rostra, Cic.
Obsïdeo, besiege. Ob-sedeo, sit before a place.
So Obsido.
Obsïtus. Obsero, obsatum. Sown, planted, covered
or grown over with anything.
Obsoleo. Ob contradicts soleo; or obs oleo, to
grow.
Obsônium, fish, flesh, &c. 'Otywviov.
Obsôno, purchase food. '0\pwvw.
ObstSculum. Obsto, as Miraculum.
Obstëtrix, midwife. Obsto, obsteti, to stand before
another to assist.
Obstïno, resolve firmly. Obs teneo, much as
OCcapio, Occupo. (2) Obsto. See Destino.
Obstïpeo. Stipes fio.
Obstipus, bent awry and stiff. ~S,rv<phs, rigid.
* Cervice rigidâ et obstipâ' Suet. Ob is aside, as in
Obliquus. (a) Stipitis instar immotus.
Obstïtus, blasted with lightning. Dacier: 'As
having opposed the gods. Virgil : Dii quibus ob-
stitit Ilion.' Or, passively, opposed by the gods.—
Also, oblique. Ob is, in one's way, thwart. In
Lucret. 4. 517, obstlta should be obstîpa. Ainsw.
Bupposes a verb obsfire for obstare. ?
Obstrin-, Obstrigillo, I oppose. Like Ob-sto.
Strigo is to stand still. Strigillo, as Scribillo. (8)
Strigo, stringo. To rub against. ' Strigillo, (vu :
Vet. Onomast. : ' Voss.
Obtentus, pretext. Qui obtenditur.
Obtûro, I block up. ©ípa, a door. I put a door
against, û, as perhaps Persona, Imbëcillus. (B)
Thus, thuris. Varro says the priests used to fill
their ears with frankincense, to prevent their
memories being confused as they sang their ditties,
' peregrinis vocibus intercedentibus.'
Obtûsus, blunted. Tundo.
Obvio, I meet. Ob viam.
Occâsio. Cado, comm.
Occïdens, where the sun occidit, sets.
Occîdo : Ob, cœdo.
Occillo, I maul. Occo, as Scribillo.
Occiput, the back of the head. Caput: ob is
' ex adverso.'
Occo, I harrow. 'From &yxrt,' (Riddle,) which
is explained yavla by Hesychius, and by Stephens
' angulus, uncus' They call Syxovs, says the Etym.
M., Tckî ÒKÍSas Kal ^{o^às rStv fleKûv. *OyKivos also
is a hook. Occo is therefore well explained by
102
Scheid ' ACUMINATIS rastris comminuo.' Oneo,
occo. (a) For occido, says Varro. For occeeco
fruge8, says Cicero. But ?
Occûlo, Occulto, I cover over. For occëlo, as
conversely Jûro, Dejëro. (a) From colo. From
burying the seed in sowing and planting. (3)
Dumesnil for oboculo, obculo: To cast a mist {ob
oculos) before the eyes, and take away the view of
objects.
Occupo. Ob-capio.
Oceànus, ocean. 'ClKtavòt.
Ocellus. From oculus.
Ocïmum, sweet basil, "slxi/iov.
Ocior, swifter. 'ClKÍav.
Ocrea, a boot. From ixpos the same as &Kpos,
high. Thus the Greeks called a high shoe or
buskin òxpí$as. Liddell says: '"Onpis, like &Kpts,
tutpa, a point, peak.' So "Oyxos and "Aryxos are
allied. Festus deduces ocrea from óxpis, rugged :
' Quòd sit inaequaliter protuberata.' (a) For ocrurea
from ob ; crus, cruris. As Ostium for Obstium.
Ea, as Ferrea.
Ocris, Octo, Octôphoron. GR.
October. Octo. See September.
Octussis. Octo asses.
Oculissimus, dear as one's eye, from
Oculus. Hesychius : "Okos and Skkos, the eye.
Hence oculus, as Servus, Servulus. "Oicor seems to
be the ^Eolic of mbs from fy.
Odê, Odêum. 'sìiî)), 'síiSeíbv.
Odi, I hate. From à>8â, to repel. Horace : Odi
profanum vulgus et ARCEO. So orDo from òpBbs,
Deus from @cós. (a) Others refer odium to òSía,
whence òSía-tro/iat, to be grieved or wroth at.
Odor. From t(u, ZSor, tSov.
Œconomia, Œnophorum, Œnopôlium, Œstrus,
Œsypum. GR. OÌ-.
Osella. Osa, as maMMa, maMilla.
Offa, cake of flour and honey. From o\xira, Smra,
6<p<pa: or S/ara, ón<pa, 6<p<pa. Hesychius: 'Ofimw
Bvfxara wvpf koI fié\trt tietievfjifya. Also : "'O/tiria ■
iravTOÎoirà rpwyiKia.
Offendo, Offensa, Ossensus. See Fendo.
Offërumenta, a stripe. ' An offering to the gods,
says Festus : and, as these were fixed to the walls
of temples, the mark of the scourge which was fixed
to the back of slaves is pleasantly so called : '
Thornt.
Offïcïna, workshop. Opificium, opificvna, opftcina.
(8) Officium.
Officio. Ob, against.
Officium. Ob,facio. (8) Opificium.
Offoco, strangle. Ob, fauces. As Cauda, Coda.
Officia, paint, &c. Fucus.
Oh ! an interjection. *0, &.
Ohe, holla. 'Cii\.
Olea, olive-tree. 'E\ala, as "EAoiov, Oleum.
 OLE
Oleaster, wild olive. From olea, as Surdaster and
our Poetaster.
Oleo, to smell. For 8deo, which as in odor. D, as
iAvtrcrtvs, uLysses, &c. Festus states that for
olfacit was said odefacit.
Oleo, to grow ; allied to alo and to coaleo. Thus
not only &icpos existed, but oxpis ; &ynv\os, but
&yKos ; &fif3wy, but òfjupaXós ; 6yu but tiy/ias ; h\lr-
Icm but ixurdiu. (a) Scaliger thinks that oleo is
' tendo ad perfectionem, *pbs rb ÍKoy.'
Olêtum, olive-yard. Olivëtum.
Oleum, oil. See Olea.
Olfacio. Olêresocio.
OKdus, rank. Oleo, to smell.
Olim, and Ollim in Aulus Gellius. From oUe, like
Im from Is, Hinc and IUinc for Himc and Illimc.
That is, iUo tempore, as opposed to Hoc tempore,
and expressing either before or after the present
period. Compare Quondam.
OKtor, pot-herb seller. Olus, era, oleritor.
Ollva. 'ZAoifo, as "E\aioy Oleum and OllVum,
'Ax<uol AchlVi.
Olivum. See OUva.
Olla, pot, jar. Aula, aulula, aulla. (2) Olba,
obbnla, obla. (3) Olus, oleris, whence olera, olra.
A herb-pot. Catullus : Olera olla legit.
Oilus, that. See IUe.
Olor, swan. From iftbp i. e. tftbs, àoiSós. The
singer. Virgil: ARGUTOS inter olores, and CAN-
TANTES cygni. Horace : Mutis piscibus Donatura
cygni SONUM. Ovid : Concinit albus olor. Mar
tial : Cantator funeris ipse sui. And in the passage
in Virgil respecting Cychus we have ' Dum canit.'
L, as òAvixatvs, uLysses ; oLeo for oDeo. And o,
as honos from Sivos, and ë in Jixap, jëcur.
Olus, Holus, ëris, pot-herbs. Oleo. Any herb
growing in the garden. Somewhat as Vegetables
from Vegeto. H, as in Humerus.
Olympias, Olympionices, Olympus. GR.
OMASUM, a bullock's paunch. A Gaulish word.
Tp tuv VtiWwy •yK&TTQ, Gloss.
Omen. From ùwiéyoy, a thing seen i. e. in the
heavens, by the road, or in dreams. (S) If for
merly osmen, as Varro says,—then from oscen,
oscinis, oscinimen, omen, as Iuferissimus, Imus.
Oscen, from obscano, a bird that sings by the way.
(3) Oro, to speak : oramen, omen. Livy : Qua
VOCE audita, accipere se omen exclamavit. (4)
Objicio, objicimen, obmen, omen.
Omentum, the caul, &c. Operio, operimenlum,
much as Inferissimus, Infimus. (a) Opimus, opi-
mentum : Donldn. (3) "ï>Vi a membrane : whence
omentum, as Spat, sOrex ; and as Momen, Momen
tum. (4) Omen ; omens being taken from it.
Omitto. For obmitto : ob, aside, as in Obliquus.
Omnïfâriam. See Multifarius.
Omnino. Omnia. Unus, Unicus is an instance
103
OPI
of an adj. formed from another : hence from omnia
is omninus, adv. omnino, as De novo, Denuo.
Omnis. Soft for homnis, (as Ansa for Hansa,)
from j/xoC. Nil, much as nus in Magnus, and num
in Regnum. (a) From bp.6vovs, Sprods, unâ mente.
Onager, wild ass, ivaypos. And a machine for
hurling stones. Ammianus : Because the wild
asses, when hunted, kick up the stones behind them,
and send them against their pursuers.
Onâgos, ass-driver. 'Ovisyos.
Onëro. Onus, oneris.
Onocrôtálus, cormorant. GR.
Onus. As 'Ok4\Ao> for kcAAoi, 'O0ehbs from $é\os,
&c. so bviu could have been used for véw, to heap
up. From hvcw, bvw would be onus, as also perhaps
ovos, a beast of burden ; ivniu, to assist, i. e. load
with benefits ; ovo/jiai, ÓveiÒos, to reproach, a re
proach, i. e. to load with charges, (a) Scaliger
deduces onus at once from tms, an ass, beast of
burden. (3) From ivos, an upper millstone. (4)
Oïai, to carry : Ridd.
Onustus. Onus, as Jus, Justus.
Onyx, alabaster. "Ovuf.
Opâcus, dark. Varro has 1 Terra, Ops,' and Ma-
crobius ' et terram, Opem.' From ops, opis, in this
sense of earth, Scaliger deduces opacus, as Merus,
Merâcus. That is, in or under the earth, like x"<i-
yios, subterranean, and therefore dark, (a) Or from
ÒTTì, a den. Hebr. 11. 38 : nXaviifieyoi cnrqXaíois
Kaì òirdìs tíjî yrjs. Thus ' in secret, in a dark place
of the earth,' Isa. 45. 19, is explained by Poole ' in
obscure cells and caverns of the earth.' (3) Du-
mesnil from operio, for operacus. As Temulentus for
Temetulentus, &c. (4) Some suppose a prefix of
O to *&xfa> 88 m b$f\bs, bSài, iicÁifo», &c. 1 Valdè
densus,' says Scheid. The penultima is long; só
some derive persona from persôno. Vice versa,
anchora from teyxvpa,
Opâlia, festivals Opis, of Ops.
Opella. Opera, as Puella.
Opera. Opus, operis : as Patera.
Operculum, cover. Operio, opericulum.
Operio, I cover. As Omitto, for obperio, opposed
to adperio, aperio.
Opëror. Opus, operis, or opera.
Opes. From tira, fata. Hesychius : "Eirovo-iy •
ivepyovaiv. Opes are powers of action, means of
exertion, resources, capabilities. The aspirate
omitted, as in Omnis, Orbis.
Ophites, Ophiûchus, Ophthalmias, Ophthalmicus.
GR.
Opïcus, rude, ignorant. From tnrì), a hole; as
living in holes of the earth, and not mixing with
mankind. Hebr. 11. 38: 'Wandering in deserts
and mountains and caves and (raû òntùs) holes of
the earth.' Madan says on Juvenal's opici mures :
' From the Opici, an ancient, rude people of Italy.
 OPI
Some from òn-í : alluding to their holes.' And else
where : ' From the Opici, and these from Ops, Opis,
the earth : indigenous.' ' Opicus, rusticus,' says
I. Voss, ' from ops, terra.'—Or from opus : as said
of the working classes, like Gr. xeP^a" from x^PfI>
hands.
Opïfex. Opusfacto.
' Opïlio, shepherd. Written also upilio, from otiro-
\fo>v, tending- sheep. Thus irOIi^, pUnio. (a)
Ovis, mile, ovilio. ? •
Opîmus, fat. Ainsworth : ' From opes, wealth ;
or ops, opis, the earth, as properly said of fat soil.'
So Quadrimus. (3) Scheid thinks the O is an affix
as in some Greek words, and in Lat. oportet, omitto ;
and pimus to be allied to iifu^ii fat. Compare
Opacus.
Opinio, opinion : from
Opino, -nor, suppose, conjecture. Riddle well
from òFíofiai, (Hom. irtÇbv òFïofiai,) opinor, as Sais,
daPis ; Aôas, laPis. N, as peíav, miNor ; trios,
saNus ; sein, srtSa ; and see siNo. (a) 'Eirìvoâ ; or
from wìvùw, whence iriviaKo), irlyvrbs, wise, under
standing. O, as in Oportet, Omitto. See on Opacus.
Opïparus, sumptuous. Ab apparatu opis s. opum :
Fore.
Opis. See Ops.
Opïtûlor. Opem, tuli or obs. tulo. See Tollo.
Opôbalsâmum, balsam juice. GR.
Oportet, it behoves. As Omitto, Operio, for
obportet from porta. It imports, is important, as
Re-fert, o~vp.-<pepfi. So trpotr-tpep^s, advantageous.
" Oppènor, like experior. To make trial of, hazard
the chances of, meeting a person or finding a thing;
to look out for. (B) Voss : ' Assideo parturienti,
parlum expecto.'
: , Oppïdò, very much. Sufficient even oppido, for a
town. As Ingens, (a) 'As Oppidum from iirl-
ireSoy, oppido from lum&ias, plané : ' Key.
Oppidum. For òríireîoc i. e. íarv, a city situated
in a plain or flat country : or, with Key, the lower
city as opposed to the Arx. Homer : 'Ev ircSúp
steKÒKiffTo ttóKis. Hence imr&ov, eppidum, oppidum,
as "EAaioy, Oleum, and pOndas from pEndo ; and
as &yEpos, animus, (a) ïloXitiíoy, è\mSlov,ÒTnriSíoy,
oppidum, as parlens, parens. (3) Is. Voss from
'Itpitieieiv in Hesychius, i. e. SiarpiPftv, oÌkûv.
Opportunus. From partus. Properly said of a
place of refuge for mariners. Ovid : Qui mihi con-
fugium, qui mihi portus erat. Euripides : Ai/tV
trícpavrai TÛv ê/iûy f}ovhçvfmTWv. We find also
importunus.
Opprobrium. Probrum.
Ops, opis, service, help. Like opus, from ?ira>,
ifara, whence afMpeirta, irepicavw, to attend to.
Ops, Opis, the goddess Earth. As supplying opem
service to man, or opes wealth and power. ' Opem,
cujus ope vitse alimenta quseruntur,' Maorob. Or, like
104
ORB
opis and opes, from tira, Swa, to attend to. Qoam
colendo curamus.
Optïmâtes, from optimi, as Gr. ípurroi, àpurroiepá-
Tcta.
Optímus. For optatissimus, as Inferissimus, In-
fimus. So hJfSTos from \S>. (a) ' From ob.
Uppermost, as Supremus opposed to Infimus : '
Donldn. ?
Optio, liberty optandi, of choosing. A deputy
whom one optât chooses to supply a temporary
vacancy.
Opto. Riddle : ' From iirro, Sirro/mi to look out
for anything.' Hence also to choose. Thus Virgil :
Pars optare locum tecto. So Adopta, (a) As
perhaps viicâ, íVkój, Vinco; so from sn9&, optho,
opto, as \a@eu, laTeo.
Opulens, -lentus. Opes, as Luculentus.
Opiilus, the ople-tree, ' good for joining vines to,'
Fore. Hence perhaps from ops, opis, as Gerulus,
Capulus, Querulus, Figulus. From its service to
vines. Columella : ' Vitem maxime opulus alit,
deinde ulmus, deiiiceps fraxinus.'
Opus, work. From fro, 8ira, to be occupied
about. The Aspirate dropt, as in Haurio. Indeed
some write the Greek with the soft.
Opus, need. Opus est, is properly, there is work
or business to be done by the exertion of &c. : it is
the task or business. Thus we say, You had no
business to do so. The Greeks say épyov itrrt tivos,
o-bv tpyov aKOTreïir rovro. Aristoph. : oukct' epyov
èyKaèfvSeip 8<rm iar' iAfiBcpos.
Ora, edge, margin, coast. As K^pOS, cerA;
SpyiAAOS, argillA ; \iynrOS, IagenA ; KâvOS, lanA;
ívtfiOS, animA ; so ora from Spos, jEohc of ovpos, a
boundary. See Horia. (a) Riddle from os, oris.
The mouth of the country. But this is rather a
harbour, as Ostium. So Yarmouth, Plymouth.
Orâciilum, reply of a priestess ; a temple. Oro,
as Miraculum.
Orâria navis, coasting oram, the shore.
Orârium, handkerchief. Os, oris. As wiping the
face.
Orâta, gilthead, a fish. Aurata, as Cauda, Coda.
Orâtio, Orator. Oro.
Orbis, Orbs or Urbs was any circular spot or area
marked out by a line, ditch, or plough : from tpos,
ípBos, (as pipos, morBus,) a boundary. Hence orbis
was anything circular, and urbs was a spot, mostly
circular, marked out for a town. Virgil : Designat
moenia fossâ : Urbem designat aratro. Tacitus also
bas ' sulco designare oppidum.' Pomponius : ' Ur-
bare est aratro definire.' See Urvum. The aspirate
omitted as in Armus from 'Apfiós. IS, as S/x^pOS,
imbrIS. (a) As 'Pocpéu, 'Optpéai, Sorbeo, so j>6n&os,
Spufros, for softness orbis.
Orbïta, the mark of a wheel describing orbes,
revolutions. ...
 ORB
Orbu9, without parents or children. From Spcpos,
(as &[i4>u, amBo,) whence òp<pai>bs, and òpcpoíìÓTTis
in Ilesychius.
Orca, the ork, a fish. "Opus, ace. ipvya, Apya.
Orca, jar, jug, dice-box. "Tpx«i a pickle-jar, as
nOctis. Indeed Spicn is found.
Orchestra, Orchis, Orchitis. GR.
Orcïni liberti, presented in their masters' will
with their freedom, which could not be till he was
in Orcus.
Orcus. From Spicos : as being sworn by. For-
cellini : It was a great matter of conscience to swear
by Pluto and by Styx. Homer : 3rvybs SSup A<rre
fjteyiffTos "Opicos. (2) From epxa, íopxa, coërceo.
Horace: Satelles Orci Tantalum COERCET : Pluto
ter amplum Geryonem COMPESCIT undâ. (3)
"EpKos : Ridd.
Ordïnârius, going on in the usual order: and
Ordino from Ordo.
Ordior, I begin. From obs. òptiéw, whence Hesy-
chius has SpS-qua, wool made ready for spinning.
Pliny : Aranea orditur telas. (2) As from obs.
&A<u, Latin Alo, is ÍAAcc, àAAeco, and as morDeo, so
orDior from Apa, 6prcu, or from ApSnv, like tptriv
and àfpS-qv. That is, adorior rem.
Ordo. From ipSbs, straight, as 0eà, Dea : allied
to ópfmSòs, a row, and ópxos> a row-
Orese, a bit ori, for the mouth.
Oreas, Orexis, Organum, Orgia. GR.
Orîchalcum. See Aurichalcum.
Oriens, East, like Occidens. Where the sun rises.
Orïfïcium, orifice. Ossocio.
Origo. Orior, as Vertigo.
Orinda, rice bread. 'OpivSns Soph. Fr. 532.
Orion, Orion. 'Clptaiv.
Orior, I rise. From Spa, òpâ or Apia.
Ornâmentum, Ornâtus, from
Orno, dispose, set out, furnish, prepare, equip.
For ordino, as Insimus, Imus. (2) Aurum, aurmo,
aurno, as Ver, Verno. To gild, adorn. (3) From
Upa, venustas : whence orino, orno.
Ornus, mountain-ash. 'Opeivbs, bpvbs, moun
tainous. Nascuntur montibus orni, Virg.
Oro. From os, oris, quo oramus, i.e. loquimur,
whence Orator, qui loquitur, and Oraculum. See
Os.
Orsus, a beginning. Ordior.
Orthium, Orthographia, Oryx, Oryza. GR.
Os, Oris, is both the face or the countenance and
the mouth. If the former is first in sense, as Riddle
places it, then, (as Apud, Apd, Ad,) in)/, bps, ôs.—
But this sense is generally supposed rather to flow
from the latter, and os is derived from Aooa, A<ra',
the voice, or from îi|/, the voice ; or oris from Aapos,
&pos, talk; the mouth being the medium of the
voice and of speaking. And thus, without reference
to derivation, Dumesnil explains os ' that part of the
OST
human face out of which the sound of the voice
comes.' Acts 22.14: 'The voice of his mouth.'
Psa. 19. 14 : ' The words of my mouth.' Thus the
converse is true in Lingua, ' the tongue ; hence a
speech, language, voice : ' Ridd.—Or, as tira is to
speak, perf. Ana, there might have been an ancient
sense in the word bty, meaning the mouth by which
we speak.—Or oro preceded os, oris, from S>pos,
talk ; and then os, oris is that ' quo oramus,' by
which we speak.
Os, ossis. Gr. ò<tt£, ossa, as velere, veLRe, veLLe ;
Tlo\vS(vKns, IloAAeú(o)î, PoLLucis; our pluMBer
pronounced pluMMer. Hence os sing., as sing.
Sirepos from plur. rà trtpa, Bdrtpa.
Oscëdo, inclination to yawn. Osciío, oscitêdo, as
Torpédo.
Oscen, ïnis, a bird which foreboded by singing,
chirping, &c. Obs, cano, as singing in your way.
See Ostendo. (2) Os, cano. Ore canens.
Oscillatio, swinging. From
Oscillum, a little mouth. Osmium, as Peniculus,
Penicillum. And an image hung on ropes, and
swung in the air : i. e. an image like the human os,
face. Heyne explains it a mask. (2) Os, cillo : as
the images moved their heads and faces up and
down in the swinging. Servius states that some
understood by oscilla ' membra virilia ' made of
flowers and hung up in the spaces between the
pillars,—from men walking under them in masks
and striking against them with their faces to raise
a laugh. Ore cillo : or obs-cillo, as in Ostendo.
But?
Oscïto, yawn. Os cito, or do, citum : To move
i. e. open the mouth.
Osculum, a little os, mouth. And a kiss : for in
kissing the mouth becomes small ; ' ex ore facimus
osculum,' Fore.
Osor, a hater. Odi, osum.
Ossifrágu8, ospray. Ossa; frago, frango. It
takes up bones, &c, and breaks them on rocks.
Ostendo, I put out before another, show. Obs-
tendo, as SuStineo for Sub-teneo. So Abs—. (2)
Tendo ad os.
Ostento, make a show. Above.
Ostentum, prodigy. Ostendo. See Cicero quoted
on Monstrum.
Ostium, gate. Soft for obsiium, (as Pnemium,)
from obsto, as Ostento for Obstento, Oscen for Obs-
cen. An obstacle to block the entrance. As itíáti
from iriw or $úa>, to close. Virgil has, 'Aditus
centum, ostia centum,' where Aditus is remarked
as being the entrance, Ostia the obstruction. (2)
"ClOu, Siffrai. As keeping off, repelling. Or, which,
may be pushed. (3) From os, a mouth or opening.
Ostrácismus, Ostrea. GR.
Ostrum. From oaiptov, ow, a purple used in
dyeing.
o » .
 OTA
Otacusta, spy. 'Cítokovo-tI\s.
Otiura. From aìnòs, alone. That is, retirement
from the bustle of the world. Hence, (as Obsto,
Obstium, Ostium,) autium, and otium, as cAUdex,
cOdex. (2) From ois, wrhs, an ear. A state in
which we can lend an ear to others. (3) From
obaia, JE. ovria, property : whence otium, as juOTVa,
liCiaa. Property being the means of ease and leisure.
(4) Opto, optium, ostium, in which you are left to
choose your own pursuit. (5) Opitium, Donldn.
(6) As Solor, Solatium ; so vaco, vacatium, uatium,
autium. This derivation I think the best. See
Dodrans.
Ovfle, sheepfold ; enclosure. Ovis.
Ovis, sheep, iiftj. As oVum.
Ovo, I triumph. Referred by Plutarch to ovis :
a sheep being sacrificed in the lesser triumph, a bull
in the greater. (2) For ëvo, as cEos, nOvus. From
tbol, evœ, the Bacchanalian shout : or from tvifa,
evd(ra, evaû, cùû. (3) From aSa, avo, to shout;
as 'Ovhp Mol. for 'Ay^p. (A) Festus : ' A clamore,
quern faciunt redeuntes ex pugnâ victores milites,
geminatâ O literâ.'
Ovum, egg, àf&v. As oVis.
Oxygârum, Oxïpôron. GR.
P.
Pabulum, food, forage. Pasco, pascibulum, pabu
lum. So Thuribulum.
Pacisco, -cor, bargain, agree. Iliiya, fut. irayâ,
warylfa, rarfiû, and (as luaTiu, misCeo,) pacio,
pacisco. To make firm or sure, allied to pango
fœdus, Traytls ipxos Eurip. Compare Patior.
Pâco, bring to a state pacts, of peace.
Pacta, Pactio, Pactum. Pango.
Paean, Paedâgôgus. GR.
Paedïco, à iraihiKbs i. q. iraiSepassTÍïs : vel à iratSbs,
ut Claudico.
Paedor, filth. Properly, TmiSbs, of a child when
left to itself and not looked after. Children, says
Voss, neither care to be clean, nor know how.
Paegniârius, gladiator. If a genuine word, from
traiyvict, play.
Prcne, Pêne, almost. As oÏkOI and*OI, so tt<j
was irat ; as evyéirq, ebyèirai, eugepjË : and v\ or
vil, as at the beginning of njAeijs, ne-scio, and placed
after in Quin ' for Quine ; Ne being put for Non : '
Forcell. So Sin is Si-ne. (Id.) Quâdam non, by a
certain part not, nearly, almost, Gr. puxpoû Stîy.
(2) Tloitrfj, with pain. But JE ?
Paenûla, Pênûla, a thick covering. icuv6\v.
Sappho has tpaimKis.
Paeon, Paeonius. Iltuiiv, Tlaidyios.
Paetus, with a slight cast in the eye ; with little
leering eyes. For pœstus from vaiarbs, struck, as
in irapairaunòs. Percussus oculis. Or even irairbs,
106
PAL
for ireiraijufVa was said as well as ireiraiíTfíépa :
Steph. 7166.
Pâgânïca pila, a ball stuffed with feathers, for the
amusement of the pagani, villagers.
Pâgâni, villagers. Pagus. ' Those who live in
the country pass a quiet easy life; hence pagani
were opposed to the soldiery, whether they were
villagers or not : ' Forcell. Also, heathens, because
the Christian Faith was propagated in the towns
first ; or, in a spiritual sense, as opposed to the
Christian warfare.
Pâgella. Pagina, as Fabella.
Pâgïna, leaf of a book. Pago, pango, as Repâgula.
Paper being made of coats of the papyrus closely
put together. Others from the verses written in
them. Martial has pangere chartas.
Pago. See Pango.
Pagrus, Phagrus, ' irdypos, <páypos, a sea or river
fish:' Fore.
Pagur, ' perhaps the same as the pagrus : ' Fore.
Or perhaps the váyovpos, a kind of crab.
Pâgus, a village, district. Uàyà, a fountain : as
drinking of one fountain, so Vicini are the inhabi
tants of one Vicus. Others, because villages were
always by some stream. (2) Pago, pango : a con
federation, junction, union of people. Or, with
Dumesnil, where a certain number have fixed their
residence. (3) Tlàyos, a hill. In early times, says Bp.
Blomfield, they built their cottages on eminences.
Pâla, shovel or spade. Pago, pagibula, or paxi,
paxilla, like Pâlus. As fixed in the earth. And a
bezil in which the ring is fixed.
Palaestra, wrestling, &c. nd\ai<rrpa.
Pâlam, openly. Bp. Butler: From iroXc£yu»7, the
open hand. (2) From ipaKèai Mol. for tpa\)iv, bright,
and thus clear. As naxpàv, afar off. (3) Palulam:
Schw.
Pâlâtio, a foundation made by driving in palos,
piles.
Pâlâtium, Pallâtium, the Palatine Hill, from
tp&Kairriov, (like fiaXKii/Tiov,) ' as the Greeks,' says
Scaliger, ' call high hills, for <pd\ai are citadels or
eminences.' Or palatium is formed after Solatium.
—And, ' as under the Emperors magnificent struc
tures were built on it, it meant a palace or grand
edifice : ' Forcell. Or, as Ainsw., it meant their
court, and so their palace. Though (pá\ai, citadels,
may have originated this sense also. P : Thus
* ircu/bs is Mol. for <pavbs, as irdrvq for tpdrirq : '
Lidd. (2) The old Etymologists had recourse to
Pales, Pallas, Pallantia, &c. and to balo and palor,
from the sheep on the hill in days of yore. ?
Palatum, the palate. Ennius has ' coeli palatum ;'
hence Ainsworth fairly concludes that this latter
sense is prior, as ovpavbs is only in a secondary
sense applied to the palate. Thus palatum is to be
referred to <pâ\bs, bright, shining ; i. e. the bright

vault of heaven ; and then, as obpavbs, the vault or
roof of the mouth. Otherwise to ^>áA77, an emi
nence, mentioned in Palatium,
Pâle, a wrestling. n<£A.i;.
Pâlea, chaff. ÏldWa, ira\â, to shake about, i. e.
by the fan or wind. Ad Zephyrum palece jactantur
inanes, Virg.— So palece are the gills of a cock,
from their shaking about.
Palear, the dewlap. As resembling the palece,
gills of a cock.
Pâles, the goddess of shepherds and of feeding
cattle. From obs. wdai, to feed, which see in Pasco.
Pâlîlia, festival of Pales.
Pâlimpsestus, Palïnôdia, Pâliûrus. GR.
Palla, an upper garment. From <pâpos, an upper
garment; whence pharula, phalla, as Puerula, Puella;
then palla, as *tuv6hris, Psenula. So Ralla. (a)
From iráwa, to toss about. Explained ' vestis ampla
et fluens' by Forcellini, who cites Sidonius. As
Fundo, Funda.
Pallâca, Palladium. GR.
Pallantis, Aurora, as being the sister of the giant
Pallas, the son of Creiis, who was the brother of
Hyperion the father of Aurora.
Pallas, Minerva. TlaWás.
Palleo, from ireWbs, ash - colored, grey, livid.
Donuegan explains ireAja/vio, ' to render whitish,
pale or livid.' A, as mAgnus for mEgnus, flAmma
from (pKEypa. (a) To be of the color of (mjAbs, JE.
iraKbs,) clay. The double L, as meLLis from fifAt,
and as Tollo. (3) To be in face as one (7rttA\coj'
<pi$tp, Sophocles,) shaking with fear. (4) From
ToKibi, says Ainsworth. ?
Pallium, the outer robe, like palla.
Palma, palm of the hand, iroAx^tif. The palm-
tree, and its fruit the date : for its branches, when
expanded, are like a man's hand expanded. So
Forcellini. But Turton says : Because its leaves
are expanded from the top like the fingers on the
hand. Victory ; for the palm was a token of victory.
Broad part of an oar, from palma, the broad part of
the hand. Thus Ormston deduces rapffbs, the broad
part of an oar, from rapabs, the broad part of the
hand which is iraKí/ir), palma : ' Because it spreads
from the narrow part, as the palm does from the
wrist.' The greater shoot or leader of a vine : ' for
grapes go forth from it like the fingers from the
palm of the hand : ' Voss.
Palmârius, deserving the palma, palm.
Palmes, the shoot or young branch of the vine.
' Festus says, because, like the palm of the hand, it
throws out little twigs like fingers. But it is not
called directly from the palma of the hand, but
from the palma of the vine, which last was called
from the former : ' Voss.
Palmo, I make the print of my palma, hand.
Palmo, I tie the tendrils of a vine to a stake.
107
PAN
That is, I deal with the palmas, palmas tracto. As
Pampino is to cut away the Pampinos. (a) Palma,
the hand. To handle the vines and tie them.
Palmus, breadth palmee, of the hand.
Pâlo, I prop palis, with stakes.
Pâlor. For pabular. To wander about for (pabu
lum) forage, (a) As said of soldiers straggling in
the woods, to cut (pahs) stakes for the camp.
Palpëbrae, eyelids. Palpo, like Vertebrae. As
lightly and softly touching the eyes, (a) Palpito,
' to move itself lightly and frequently : ' Fore. Pal-
pitebrce. See CiUum.
Palpito, beat quick, pant, throb. Scheide from
TraAAio, iraAxS, itaxFH, much as SAa, sylVa. But
better from palpo, as Voco, Vocito. Thus our word
Beat is used in both senses : To beat quick, and to
beat or tap gently. Perhaps also we may compare
Pat and Pitapat.
Palpo, I feel gently. JE. xf/àKatpâ, psalpho, softly
palpo. (2) @d\ira>, I cherish ; JE. <pd\To>. I. e.
I caress, fondle. (3) ÏldWa, iraXâ, iroAfS, to
quiver: much as IlkFa, sylVa. (A) Uahd/iy ìupà,
manu contrecto.
Pâlûdâmentum, a military cloak. ÏldWa, vaXû,
to vibrate. Palûda, palûdo, paludatus, which last
is used. Festus says it is said of all the military
ornaments, which however are mostly vibratory,
(a) Palla or pallium. (3) Varro: When the
trumpets sound for battle, the general comes forth
paludatus : and because his military accoutrements
make him a conspicuous object, they are called
paludamenta from palam.
Pâlumbes, ring-dove. TldWu, iraXS, to move
tremulously, as rpiipav from rpia. Sophocles has
trdWwv <p6$cp. From a word ird\v^, ird\vf}os : and
formed like Gr. koàujk/3», whence Columba. (a)
Allied to ir4\(ia : Ridd.
Pâlus, a stake. For paxillus, as Vexillum, Velum,
(a) Pago, pagulus.
Palus, a marsh ; sedge as growing in it. JEo\.
waKbs, mud: as tpHpa, sera, (a) Not more un
promising than Formica from Múpfirjico, Vulpes from
'AAiÓ7r7){, and Hirundo from XcKiSàiv, is paludis from
F*\ti$i)s, jEolic of íàóSíjs, marshy. The Digamma is
usually expressed by V, or F i. e. PH, but sometimes
by P. Thus also in Piscis, daPis, laPis, it is sub
stituted for it. A, as juEWw, mAneo ; U, as <p!lpbt,
fUris. (3) Pandulus or patulus : but the gender ?
Pampïnus, vine-shoot, &c. Becman from Fd/i-
tpoivoi, i. e. &p.(p' olvtpi, circa vitem : pampini being
the leaves of the vine. Thus the initial P is for the
Digamma, as in Palus, Piscis, Papilio.—Martini
says it is for ir&a àpL<p' oïnjv, herba circa vitem.
Ainsworth for <pvK\dfiirf\oj. Butpampinus is rather
from Fa/nr4\ivos, Fdftirivos.
Pan, the god of shepherds. Tldv.
Panâca, ' a sort of wine-vessel, called from the
 PAN
Panaces, a people of Rhoctia : ' Ainsw. (2) Play
fully formed from irac&cS acc. of navaK^s, all-heal
ing. Much as Avatos from \ia>.
Pânâcëa, Panaces, Panax. GR.
Panaricium, whitlow. ' A barbarous word, cor
rupted from paronychium : ' Fore.
Pânârium, bread-basket. Panis.
Pancarpus, Panchrestum, Pancratium. GR.
Panda, thought by Forcellini the goddess of
Peace, as pandens, opening the city-gates. So
Fundo, Funda.
Pandectse, compilations. TlavStKrat.
Pandïciilor, stretch and yawn. Pando me. (2)
Pandits fio : Fore. ?
Pando, throw open. From QirSa as in ayatpaM ;
or from <palvu, <pavw, panDo, as revâ, tenDo. *aii>tu
is to make to appear, display, and so set or throw
open. P, as Qoprw, Porto ; *oivdA.7|j, Paenula. (2)
As UTeviià, Penna ; TTTepva, Perna ; so from irrih-qv
or irráSa from virivvuju, could be pado and paNdo,
as frago, fraNgo.
t Pando, 1, I bend, bow down. From pandas,
bent; this from pando 3, as Mergo, Mergus; then
pando 1. Taken from the bow, which, the more it
is stretched open, the more it is bent. Thus Jacio 3,
Jaceo 2 ; Placeo 2, Placo 1. (2) Pando, to dry in
the sun, hence to warp, contract.
Pandûrizo. TlavSovpifa.
Pandus, bent. Pandatus.
Panëgyrîcus, laudatory. GR.
Pango, fasten, fix. Pago, pango, from ir/ryu,
ir4ryvv[xt, Tr4msya, iríicàya. See Frango.
Pânïcúla, gossamer on millet ; round substance on
nut-trees ; pappy tumor. Like the panus, woof
about the quill in a shuttle.
Panïcum, the herb panic. 'From panus. As
covered with gossamer : ' Voss. ' Whose spike con
sists of innumerable thick seeds disposed in many
panicles : ' Turton, thus from panicula. But panus
is truer. (2) Panis. Miller : ' It is sown in seve
ral parts of Europe in the fields as corn. It is
frequently used in particular places of Germany to
make bread.'
Pânis, bread. Uavbs, a Messapian word; from
vdofiai, to feed on.
Pânisci, little Pans. Uavio-Kot.
Pannus, cloth, stuff, piece of cloth, patch, whence
pannosus, tattered. JE. irâvos, web or tissue;
Hesych. 8</>a<r/ux. Whence panulus, pannus, as Ma-
lere, Malle.
Panomphacus. Tïayo/jttpaîos.
Pansa, splayfoot. Pando, sum.
Pantex, paunch. For pandex, as menDax. From
its expansibility. (2) Pantices from napSoKtîs as
terminus. All-receivers. (3) A word vamoxeis,
all-holders.
Pantheon, Panther, Panthëra. GR.
108
PAR
Pantomïmus, mimic. GR.
Pânus, woof about the quill in the shuttle. M.
■xâvos, yarn wound on a spindle for a woof.—Also,
a spreading bile : ' shaped like a weaver's roll : '
Turt.
Pâpa, title of respect to the Bishops, nuiras.
Pâpse, strange, nuira!, fìa&aí.
Pâpâver, poppy. As Cadaver from Cado, papaver
from papa or pappa, pap ; as nurses, says Dr. Tur
ton, used to mix this plant in children's food to
relieve the colic and make them sleep. Thus also
says Varro. The double P lost, as M in M am ilia
from Mamma, and R in Farina from Farris. (2)
Wachter from pappus, irámos, the down of thistles
and artichokes : ' Quasi fios lanuginosus.'
Pâpâvèrata vestis, a linen tissue. Papaver, as
Gr. /ìTìKav is called.
PâpiQio, butterfly. JEo\. FâvíoKos. P, as in Pam-
pinus, Piscis. (2) For papirio from papyrus : from
the paper-like texture of its wings. L, as liLium.
Pàpïlio, pavilion. Having its hangings spread
open like the wings of the butterfly. Above.
Papilla, a little papula.
Papilla, nipple. Festus : ' As being like (papuUe)
a pustule or tubercle.' (2) From papa, child's
food. For not only the breast, but the nipple can
be said to supply babies' food. Thus Liddell says
of (tjjA}>, ' the part of the breast which gives suck,
the teat: nipple.' Isidorus represents it thus:
1 Quòd eas infantes quasi pappant, dum lac sugunt.'
(3) As Disco, Discipulus, and as Manipulus, so
■náu (whence naai.iii\v and variostat to feed on,)
papula, papilla.
Pappârium, pap. Pappo.
Pappas, foster-father, nimras, father.
Pappo, to call for pap. Imitated from the sound
of children calling for food. They call, says Varro,
food and drink Buœ and Papa, and mother Mamma,
and father Tata.
Pappus, grandfather. ritiinroi.
Pappus, down of thistles, nimro*.
Papula, ' a pimple, or swelling with many reddish
pimples, that eat and spread : ' Ainsw. From Wte,
or irdoftat, to feed upon. (See Pasco.) As Discipu
lus, Manipulus. Celsus represents one kind where
the skin ' leviter roditur,' another where it ' vehe-
mentiùs roditur.' (2) Like a papilla, nipple, sup
posed to have been called papula in that sense.
Papyrus, paper, &c. nánvpot.
Par, paris, equal. From xapct, by the side of, as
fiptipav trap' fi/iépav, where equality of comparison is
intended. So Trapd\\T)\os, Parallel.
Pârâbôla, Pârábôlus, Pârâclêtus. GR.
PARADA, a very late word, meaning the cover
of a ship. ' It seems a Gallic word : ' Fore.
Párádigma, Párâdïsus. Gil.
PARAGAUDA, a gold band inwoven in a gar-
 PAR
ment. A Persian and Syriac word : of very late
use.
Pârallëlus, Paralysis, Pàranymphus, Pâropsis
GR.
Pârârius, money-broker. Par, paris. Who makes
both parties equal, fietrÍTijs. (2) ' Qui parât et
conjungit animos,' Lips. ' Conciliator,' Fore.
Parâsltus, Párastòchis. GR.
Párâtus, equipment. Para.
Parcx, the Fates, à parcendo ; by Euphemism, as
Eu/zcWSes.
Parco, am sparing, &c. Parens.
Parcus. Parùm, paricus, (as Modus, Modicus,)
parens : i. e. qui parùm dat aut habet.
Pardalis, Pardus, Párcas. GR.
Parens, a parent. Pario, pariens, as SentiEntia,
Sententia.
Párento, I perform the funeral rites parentum, of
parents and relations.
Pâieo. Riddle : ' Pâreo from pario ; to appear,
come into sight; to appear at the command of
another, wait upon.' As Jacio and Jaceo ; Pendo
and Pendeo. See Pario. The quantities differ, yet
we have dúco, edúco ; júro, pejero ; plâceo, plâco ;
nôtus, noto. (2) Others from tapi: To be at
hand, attend on. (3) As vàpbs, flowing, from v6m ;
so a word <pâpbs from <páw, tpaíva, whence pareo, as
Porto from tpópros.
Paries, a wall. Haigh from vépaos gen. of irtpas,
à boundary. As fíEvtu, mAneo. Or nipaos transp.
to triptos, as ttEtAw, pAtEo; then I, as SvEiior,
animus, (a) From irtlpu, n&pâ, to run through,
and so divide. A partition wall. Doèderlein thus
allies it to pars, portio : as ' the wall of a building.'
(3) As ivimia, in Homer, {'parietes,' Clarke,) are
the inner walls fronting those who enter, so paries
from tripos, in front of. (4) From par, paris.
From the equality of the parallel walls of a house.
'laoWoixos is found in the Schol. of II. A. 306.
Homer has roíxov tov iripov, ' pariete ex adverso,'
Clarke. (5) Donldn. allies it to TctpUipj. : ' Parietes,
that go round.' (6) As Teîxos, toÎxos, a wall, are
allied to tc^xv, t*kw whence apxtreKTuv, so paries
from paro, 'instruo, molior' (Forcell.). Caesar:
Turres testudinesque parare ac facere cœperunt.—
Or, (as Specio, Species ; Facio, Fades,) from pario in
its primitive sense, to bring to view, make, just as
tikis, tÍktw, Ttvxv are all allied, and produced not
only tíkos, tíkvov, &c. but Ttixos, toixos.
Pariëtâria, pellitory. Paries. As growing on
old walls. ' Muralis ' in Pliny.
Pârietïnae, ruined walls. Paries.
Pârilia, for Palilia, as coeRulus.
Parslis, like. Par, paris.
Pârio was properly to lay open, bring to light, as
is seen in Aperio, Reperio, Comperio : and was from
ieífx», fut. 2. irapw, to pierce, cut my way, cleave,
109
PAR
as KÍpara irdpeiv. (2) From <p4pai, ipapâ, (whence
(papérpa,) to bear, produce. (3) Bapis : Schw. .
Pario, make my accounts equal. Par.
Pâritor, who attends on one. Pareo. So Appa
ritor.
Parma, a round shield. Varro : ' Quòd à medio
in omnes partes par.' As Homer : àmíSa ■nimom
%ai\v. Par, parts, parima, parma, as AIo, Alima,
Alma.— Suidas states it to be of Punic, Clemens of
Thracian invention. Who shall decide when, &c. !
Pâro, I get ready, &c. From 'irdpa for iiripu,
whence 4wapp.évos is prepared, ready. E dropt, as
in 'EKariip, Later; 'EpeT/ibs, Remus. (2) From
wapà, as Homer : iropà S4 ff(pt rldei fíevoencéa daira,
(3) Riddle places it under pario, to bring to light,
to cause, produce, procure, invent, devise. For-
cellini explains parëre (among other meanings) by
comparare. (4) Tlopw, as \ovu, lOvo, lAvo.
Paro, some ship. Xlap&y in Polybius. So p.vo-
TcÁpav.
Pârôchia, a parish, superintended by a
Parochus, properly a providitor who supplied
ambassadors with the public allowance, nápoxoí.
Parodia, Paronychia, Pâropsis. GR.
Parra, a kind of inauspicious bird. Pareo, to
appear, i. e. by the way, &c. as Gr. Tà àîrovTiòvTo.
Hence parula, as Rabula, Radula, Merula, Ferula.
Then parra, as malere, maLRe, maLLe.
Parrïcîda, Pârïcïda, a parricide, for patrieida as
Homicida. Also the murderer of any near relation,
(see Parento and Patrimonium,) and Festus says of
any man, quoting the law of Numa which declares
the murderer of a free-man to be a parricida.
Hence Wachter flies to the bad hybrid compound of
bar, a man, and ccedo. But another law declared
the sacrilegious man was a parricida : hence sacri
lege and the murder of freemen were considered as
great crimes as that of parricide, and ordered to be
treated with the same heavy punishment.
Pars, partis, from Teipw, Trtiraprai, to pierce quite
through. Homer has irorop^íVos.— Hesychius has
irápffos, RXifffia, from ireVapcrcu, and from this might
be pars. Or from ipipaos, a part : as *<xiv<ía.jjs,
Psenula.
Parsïmônia. Parco, parsum. As Querimonia.
Parthèniae, Parthënïcê, Parthënium. GR.
Partïceps. Partem capio.
Partïcïpium, participle, having cases and nouns,
and partaking the qualities of nouns. Above.
Partim, Partior. Pars, partis.
Parturio. Pario, partum.
Parùm, a little. From iravpov. (2) Parvulùm,
parulùm, parùm.
Parumper, iravpòv irtp. See Nuper.
Parus, a tomtit. Uavpos, small.
Parvus. As vevpov, nerVus, so parVns from
ravpos, small.
 PAS
Pasceolus, leathern bag. tdo-xaXos. (a) Tletricbt,
a skin.
Pasco. The obs. iron;, to feed or nourish, is
established by iraodiitvos and Triiraaiuu placed under
•nariojxai to feed on, by -raT^jp, wcûs, Travbs, &c. It
is taken for granted by Forcellini and many others ;
and (as fidu>, fidiTKU ; tpdta, tpdcKtc ; yiipdu, ynpd-
<tku,) produced pasco. (8) B6<rnw. Ì
Pascuum, pasture. Pasco.
Passer, sparrow. From passim, (much as from
Palam is a verb Propalo,) from its commonness.
Hence Pope : And envies every sparrow that he sees.
A greater authority is Matth. 10. 29. (a) Cor
rupted from \f/àp, psar : somewhat as uyâ, mina.
(3) ^irapdtriov, transposed Trcurffdpioy.
Passer marinus, ostrich, as Gr. arpovBbs fiiyas.
Passim. Pando, pansum, possum. In a scattered
manner.
Passifa verba, passive, opposed to Activa, active :
I am loved, to I love. Potior.
Passum, sweet wine of grapes (passisj spread out
and dried.
Passus, spread out. Pando, pansum, passum. So
passi capilli, opposed to tied. (8) Passus solem,
from potior.
Passus, pace. Pando, passum. A throwing out
of the feet.
Pastillus, pastil. TLaffrbs, sprinkled. A cake
sprinkled over with some dry powdered substance,
(a) Panis, panistillus. ' A roll of bread : ' Fore.
And so Voss from pasco, pastum.
Pastïnâca, parsnip. As resembling a pasti-
num. And a fish with a sting in the tail like the
same.
Pastïnum, a two-pronged tool to set plants with,
&c. Pago, pagsi, pagstum, pastum. Columella
calls it 'ferramentum quo semina^an^unftir.'
Pastôphori. XlatTTOtpipou
Pastor. Pasco, pastum.
Patagium, an ornament sewed to the top of a
woman's tunic. Scaliger thinks that patagus below
was a disease which left no trace of it but marks in
the body ; and that the patagium was interspersed
with such marks, (a) From (nraBdai, to be extra
vagant : 4<rvd0aKa, airaBaxiov, an expensive orna
ment. 2 omitted as a<p&kKw, Fallo.
Pátâgus, some disease. IlaTcryìis, a stroke, as
Apoplexy is 'Air(iirX7j£is.
Pátëfacio. Patêrefado.
Patella, a dish ; knee-pan. Patina or patëna.
Pàtêna, platter. Pateo, as Habena. ' Vas patens,'
Fore.
Pâteo. Tlerdu, to expand ; transp. war4a. (a)
From gen. Ratios, deep, as Posco from Bâts»» i. e.
$od(TKw ; and as \a@fai, laTeo.
Pater. Tlm-íip. Patres, senators : ' vel setate vel
curse similitudine : ' Sallust.
110
PAV
Pàtera, bowl. ' Patens,' Macrob. As èa-répa,
Opera. (8) Allied to irardirq : Ridd.
P&thêtïcus, Páthïcus. GR.
Pátìíbúlum, a gibbet open at the top like the letter
T. Pateo, as Latibulum. (a) Potior. Instrument
of suffering.
P&tientia. Potior, pattens.
Patina, dish. nardyr), as machina.
P&tior, from a word iroflioS^oi, formed from wdBos,
as Fateor from a word *ar4ofuu. T, as Ka@éa,
laTeo.
Patrâtus pater, a herald chosen among the Feciales
to demand satisfaction from an enemy. I. e. they
say, a father who had a father living (patrimus), as
such were thought to be more likely to be faithful.
Or as chosen pater or head of the Feciales, himself
having a father living, or being a father. (2) Or
perhaps as agreed on or sent to give the message :
patralus much as impetratus.
Patria, fatherland. Pater. Tlarpis.
Patriarcha. Tlarpidpxns.
Patricii, sons of the Patres, Senate.
Patrïmônium, property ex patre, from a father
and elsewhere. Pater, iris, as Matrimonium.
Patrîmus, whose father is alive. Pater, as Ma-
tnmus.
Patrius. Pater, patris.
Patro, I effect. Pater. Am the father or cause
of. Compare Materies. (2) TlpdrTw, irán-poi.
(3) Paro, parito, patro : Freund.
Patro, liberis do operam. Pater fio. (a) Patro
'A<ppoSíffíus.
Patrôcïnor, I protect. Pater, as Lenocinor. Am
a father to. Festus refers it to the protection of the
Plebs by the Patres, Senators, (a) Patronus, pa-
tronicinor, more according with Vaticinor.
Patrônus. Pater, as Matrona. Who is as a
father to.
Patruëlis, child patrui, of an uncle.
Patruus, uncle on the father's side, or a father's
brother. Or in the place of a father at the father's
death. Also, severe as an uncle. Patris, as Mu-
tuus. The Gr. irarpvibs in Eustath. is a step
father.
PStulcius, Janus. Pateo ; for Patulicus, as Popu-
licus, Hiulcus. As in peace his gates were open.
Pâva, peahen. Pavo, as Lea.
Paucus, little, few. From paulus, whencepaulicus,
as Unus, Unicus ; Teter, Tetricus ; and paucus. So
Facio, Faciber, Faber. (a) Uavpos, pauricus.
P&veo, I fear. *í/3<u, <pa$û or ipafiia, whence
ipàtf/, (paftbs, a dove, (a) Pavio, to beat i. e. with
fear. So Jacio, Jaceo.
Pâvïcúla, with which floors were beaten to plane
and harden them. Pavio.
Pâvïmentum, pavement. Pavio, to ram down.
Cato : Pavimentum pavito fricatoque.
 PAV
Pâvio, I beat, noíw, vaFia, as Sis, oVis. See
Gavio in Gaudeo.
Paulâtim, by little and little ; and
Paulisper, for a little while. Paulis pi., like paulo
sing. : and per, trep, as Parumper.
Paulò, Paullò. The latter for pauculo.
Paulus, soft for paurus, iravpos, small, few. Or
paurulus, paulus.
Pâvo, peacock. As Tiropes, Tltropes, four, so
raFàiv, TaFûvos, JE. TtaFòìV, iraFwvos, pavo, pavonis.
V, as oVis. (2) 'OiriW, 'wáFay, the attendant of
Juno: avis Junonia.
Pâvor, fear. Paveo.
Pauper. As m-axhi from nriiaaw, to crouch
from fear, so from paveo is paviber, (as Facio, Fa-
ciber ; Mulciber ; Saluber,) whence pauber, pauper
answering to Pavidus. (2) From paullus, pauiiiber;
as having little. Paucus, says Riddle. (3) Is. Voss :
From Hwopos, Fdiropos, pauperis. ?
Pausa, a pause. IlaDiris.
Pausàrius, one who directed the rowers when to
stop. Pausa.
Pausea, -ia, a kind of vine, Georg. 2. 86 : play
fully formed from iraia, unvote : as forcing you from
its bitterness to let go of it : ' AMARA pausia baceâ.'
Thus Turton of the word Unedo, ' so called because
from its sourness only one can be eaten at a time.'
So our Nose-smart, Touch-me-not, &c.
Pauso, I pause. ïlaíu, aa> : pausa.
Pausus, god of peace, bellum pausans.
Pauxillus, very little. Paucissimus, paucsimus,
pauximus, as Magnissimus, Maximus. Then paux-
imulus, pauxillus.
Pax, pâcis. From pago, paxi, pango, allied to
paciscor for pagiscor, pactum : all from ir^cufii,
fut. 2. irâyâ, perf. iréircrya, irórâya. (2) Donnegan:
' From ir£{oi Lacon. for iravatu.'
Pax, hush, peace ! náj. (2) Sit pax.
Paxillus, small stake. Pago, paxi, paxulus, pax-
illus. To drive into the ground.
Pecco. Pecus, pecuco, like Fodico, Claudico ;
then pecco. Or pecudis, pecudico. Isaiah liii : All
we like sheep have gone astray.
Pecten, a comb, and any thing resembling it :
from pecto. But Forcellini deduces the sense of the
quill from pecto as used in Plautus for Beating, but
in a jocular manner, as we say, To give one a dress
ing.
Pecto, 1 comb, &c. rU/crS.
Pectus. From mjKTbs, compact, firm. From the
solidity of the breast-bone. As artpvov is artpivóv.
(2) Like a pecten. ?
Pëcu, the same as pecus.
Pëcûliâris, of the peculium, private property, of a
son and slave ; private, personal, peculiar.
Pëcûliâtus, cui veretrum est bene instructum.
Nam suum peculium est id cuiquc.
Ill
PEJ
Peculium, the stock of pecu, cattle which a son
by his father's consent, or a slave by his master's,
had of his own ; private property.
Pëcûlor, rob the public money. De pecu publico
subripio, as Populor for Depopulor. Cattle being
thought the chief property.
Pëcûnia, money. Pecu. For the first Roman
coin was stamped with cattle. (2) As given in ex
change for cattle, the chief commodity. The golden
armour of Glaucus was kKaràn^oia, worth a hundred
oxen. (3) As first made of the hide of cattle.
Seneca speaks of ' corium percussum formâ publicâ '
among the Spartans, which he says ' praestat usum
numerates pecuniae.'
Pëcus, oris, cattle. ' Properly and most usually
sheep, sometimes a single sheep : ' Ainsw. Ovid,
Lanigerumque pecus. From irécoj, a fleece, or
ireKAi, to shear. It is applied improperly to birds and
fishes : Aligerum pecus, Squamiferum pecus. (2)
Donldn. compares ir&v. Say irda>, ndofiai, to possess.
As speCus.
Pëcus, údis, a beast. See above.
Pëdâmentum, vine-stake. Pëdo.
Pëdânei Judices, minor judges. As sitting ad
pedes, at the feet of the Praetor in the subsellia.
(2) As not riding in their carriages, but going on
foot.
Pëdârii, senators who only voted or could vote
without speaking : as they showed their opinions
pedibus, by going over to vote, not by their tongues.
Others say, as above, who went to the Senate on
foot. Or, as the feet are the lower part of the
body.
Pëdâtûra, foot-measure. Pes.
Pëdâtu tertio, at the third onset, or advance pedis
of the foot.
Pedes, foot-soldier. Pes.
Pëdëtentim, step by step. Pede tento, to try my
way with my foot before I advance. Cato : Earn
viampedetentim tentabam.
Pëdïca, fetter, i. e. feeter. Pes, as Manica.
Pëdïculus, a louse. Pes. From its many little
feet, as pes also is used. So xapU is a shrimp from
being half head, icipa. Also, the footstalk of a slower.
Pëdo, I stake vines. ïleSâ, I bind. (2) I supply
pede, with a foot, enable them to stand up.
Pëdo, break wind. népSa, ireBSt», as 'per/ibs,
'pt/iphs, rëmus. (2) BStu.
Pëdo, splayfooted. Pes, as Naso.
Pedum, shepherd's crook, to seize sheep pede, by
the foot. (2) As being another foot to the shep
herd, or supplying the place of one.
Pëgasus, Pêgma. OS.
Pëjëro, to forswear. As juro, dejero, so perjero
(as Perfidus,) and pejero.
Pëjor. As pessimus from pessùm, so pessior,
pessjor, and pëjor, as peRjero, pejero. (2) Pessior,
 PEL
pezzior, whence pejjor, as Zuyhy, Jugum. (3) néfa,
the extremity. Inferior.
Pëlagius, Pëlágus, Pêlâmis, Pëlëcânus. GR.
Pellax, enticing. As Fallo, Fallax, so pello, pellax.
Livy : Juvenem nullius forma pepulerat captivée.
(2) For petticax from peUicio. (3) From pellis.
Putting on a mere superficial appearance.
Pellex, concubine. nóAAo|. (a) PeUicio, lexi,
to entice.
Pellïcio, allure. Per-ìacio.
Pellïcûlo, cover with a pellicula, skin.
Pellio, tanner, worker of skins. From
Pellis. From <peX\bs, the bark of the cork-tree.
*cAAàs is also that with which books are covered.
Hence pellis, the outside covering of animals.
' UiXXa, whence Lat. pellis, J. Poll. 10. 57 : '
Thus state the Editors of Valpy's Stephens dlvi.,
where Schsefer has ireAAÌî, and refers to Ruhnk.
Ep. Cr. 188. Toup. Opusc. 1. 334. 388. Jacobs.
Anth. 7.113.
Pello. As Mulgeo from 'AfioXyéw, pello from
ivcAA.ui, VcAAo), arceo. Hesychius : 'AireAAew •
arroKXtieiy. Or even from iireAw, hrtKaiva, since
Pepuli has a single L, and Mellis has it doubled
from MfAi. (a) KeAAai, petto, as AÓKoi, luPus ;
Kolos, Uoios. (3) ' FéXXa, arceo : ' Bailey. («)
Becman says that pello easily flows from wixxa.
Certainly Quatio is in Percutio used for striking ;
and Fendo, to strike, is in Defendo, to drive off. E
would resemble grEssus for grAssus. (5) The
words péxos, fcfìóAriiitu, aiTi/BoAew, fioXi), point to
an old verb fìéXXa like pdxXa. From fSéxXw could
be pello. (6) IleAóu, â, to make to approach.
Pellônia, a goddess in repelling an enemy. Pello.
Pëlôris, Pelta. GR. But pelta, says Hall, for
peUiia.
Pelvis, washing-vessel. Pede-luis, pedelvis,pelvis:
for washing the feet. Luo, i.e. lavo. See solVo.
(B) Perluo,pelluo as Pelluceo. Pelluis. (3) U4xXis
J. Poll. 10. 22. (Steph. 7422.) I.e.ireAfw, as Sxa,
sylVa.
Pënârius, pantry. Perms.
Pënâtes, the household gods. As presiding over
the {perms) provisions of a house. As Magnus,
Magnates, (a) From penes, within. As inhabiting,
and worshipped in, the interior of the house.
Pendeo. Pendo, as Jaceo, Jacio.
Pendo has the N inserted, as in deNsus, truNco,
fraNgo ; and is derived from irerS, whence (as ficCTbv,
vaDum,) pedo, pendo. IIctS, rrerdu, or nerivmiu,
is to unfold, unfurl, whence ìrerdcruara and peri-
petasmata are hangings, and allied to which is irc-
roimi to flutter or fly, i. e. to unfold the wings, and
poise or suspend itself in the air, as in Brown's
Vulgar Errors : ' Bellerophon's horse, with wings
expanded, hung pendulous in the air.' Claudian
speaks of birds as 'Alituum suspema cohors.' Hence
112
PER
pendo could mean to spread out wide in the air, to
hang out, and generally to suspend, (as in suspendo,)
then to suspend in scales, to weigh, (a) Some
refer pendo to pendeo, which might mean to be
poised like (penna;) wings, as Ovid : Olor niveis
pendebat in aëra pennis. As Gavio, (yatu,) Gavidus,
Gavideo, Gaudeo ; so penna, pennidus, pennideo,
pendeo.
Pênes. See Penitùs.
Pënetrâle, -âlis, Pënetro. See Penitùs.
Pênïcillum. From Peniculus.
Pënïcûlus, a little penis, tail: a fox's tail or brush;
hence any brush, wiper, painter's brush or pencil,
dish-clout.
Pénis, a tail. Pendeo, to hang down ; pendinis,
pennis, penis, as Nummus and Niimus, 'pcr/ibs,
Remmus, Rêmus. Pendinis, as Spargo, Sparginis.—
Pénis est etiam veretrum à pendendo. Alii referunt
ad rrios, ut Aeibs, leNis.
Pënïtus, inwardly, internally, thoroughly, com
pletely ; from penus, store of food or provisions as
kept in the interior part of the house, where there
fore the Penates were worshipped, and whence came
penetro and penetralia. Hence also is penes, with
in the house of, in the custody, government, power
or possession of. (a) As Pavonis from Tawvos, so
some refer penes to Tej/S, to extend to ; and to
mean by, at, and (as Potis from Hors) in the power
or possession of. Others to iréXas, near, as tfieAos
and í0eNos, Aírpoc and Hírpov were interchanged.
Penna, wing. Soft for ptenna, wrtvvb. Mo\. of
irreii/à, winged.
Pensé, the same as Impensè.
Pensio, payment. Pendo, pensum.
Penso, weigh, weigh against, counterbalance,
requite. Pensum. To abridge : see Compendium.
Pensum. Pendo, pensum. A task of wool or
flax weighed out to be dressed or spun.
Pentámëter, Pentâteuchus, Pentêcostë, Pentêris.
GR.
Pënûria, want. From rtiìva, famine, somewhat
as Luxuria. E, as AEIos, lëvis.
Pënus, -um, -u, store of food. From '<pévos, i. e.
&<t>tvos, annona; as from iper/ios, 'pcr/abs is Remus.
P, as in Porto, (a) Key refers it to ttom, to feed.
See Pasco.
Peplus, Pëpo. néirAos, Xlítrav.
Per. Scaliger from irapà, rrap', as rrap' '6\ov rbv
filov, through one's whole life. So irA<r<raAos, pEs-
sulus. (3) Allied to nipa, rripav, rrepda, to pass
through, or wepâ to transfix, II. S. 460. (3) slept :
Schw.
Per—, very, nepi—, as in irepi/coAA^î. (a)
Per, throughly.
Përa, wallet. Tlt)pa.
Përâgro. Per agros eo.
Perbïto. See Bito.
 PER
Perca, a perch. Tlipicn.
Percello, drive, strike, strike the mind with
wonder. Cello.
Perculsus. Percello, percelsus, as Velio, Vulsus.
Percútio. For perquaiio.
Perdàgatus, formed after indagatus.
Perdix, partridge. n^pSif.
Perdo. Per-do, as is shown by the old perduim.
To put a stylus through a word or a nail through
a deed : to cancel. Per may be compared with
Perimo, Pereo. (B) From irépBa, as ®cbs, Deus.
(3) Peredo.i
Perduellis, violent enemy. Duellum.
Perduim. See Duim.
Përegrè, abroad, per agros, as opposed to being in
the house or at home. Plautus : Peregrique et
domî.
Përegrinus. From peregrè.
Përemne. From per amnem.
Përendie, the day after to-morrow. Peremta die,
says Charisius. One whole day being spent between
this and that.
Përenna, Përanna, a goddess whom they prayed
to continue their prosperity : ' ut annare etperennare
prospéré liceret,' Macrob. Perennis orperenno, from
per annos.
Përeo, to go, pass or run through, or to be quite
gone, or to go to thorough destruction. So Perdo,
and Intereo, Interficio, Interimo.
Perfïdus, one who goes (per fidem) through and
beyond his word, like Transgredior, to Transgress.
Thus also Perjurus. Or per is lightly, as in Per-
functorius, going over the mere surface of a thing.
So Pervideo, Hor. Sat. 1. 3. 25.
Perfrictio, shivering. Frigeo, frictum.
Perfunctorius, careless. See Perfidus.
Pergâmëua charta, parchment. The exportation
of paper being prohibited by Ptolemy out of spite
to Eumenes, king of Pergamus, who tried to exceed
him in his library, the use of parchment was dis
covered there in its place. Suidas has vepyafivvai.
Pergo. For per-rego, whence perrexi: to go
right on. See Rego and Surgo.
Pergûla, a gallery, balcony. Which pergit, goes
right on, as Tego, Tegula. Others say, which
porrigit se, stretches along or beyond the wall, for
porrigula, porgula. Also, a stall where painters ex
posed their pieces to view, mistresses their persons,
and tradesmen their wares to sale: These senses
agree with either derivation. Also, a trail or frame
of wood made like an arbour to bear up a vine ; and
hence a booth, and a hut. ' Porrecta ramorum
dispositio : ' Fore.
Përicúlum. From perior, experior, from irûpa, a
trial, experiment, risk.
Përïmo. See Emo and Pereo.
Përinde, in the same degree in consequence.
113
PER
' Utilissimum, sed non perinde populare : ' but not
on that account very popular. Per is very, as in
Persaepe.
Përïôcha, Përîodus. GR.
Përior. See Experior.
Peri : All Greek.
Përïtus, who has learnt. Perior.
Perjûro. See Perfidus.
Perna, heel or hinder part, ham, gammon of bacon.
Xlripva, for softness perna.—A kind of shell-fish.
Gesner : à similitudine pedis porcini.
Pernïcies, destruction. Per-neco.
Pernio, chilblain on the perna.
Pernix, rapid. Pernitor, nirus.
Pêro, a shoe of raw hides. As being as incon
venient and ill-shaped as (pera or trf\pa) a sack
about the legs. (2) As being made of rough hide,
allied to tríipa, a leathern pouch or sack.
Perorîga, Prorîga, Pruriga, qui equum ad equam
admittit. Voss : ' Pro prœuriga, qui prteest urigini.'
Seu potiùs per : qvàperurit, valdè inflammat equum.
Vide Prurio. (St) ' Per, origa pro auriga. Unde
leg. quid, in Varrone : Ut ineant equas, per origas
curamus.' Fore. Sed cur per ? Vix, PER origas.
PerpendïcSlum, plumb-line. Perpendens, testing
the straightness of the work.
Perpërus, inconsiderate. Tlipwtpos is used by
Polybius, irffnttptioiuu by St. Paul. And, though
as old a writer as Accius uses perperus, yet it does
not seem likely that an adjective should be adopted
by the Greeks from the Romans. Technical words,
as nrjvffos, amnovXÍTup, &c, are different. Tlipvepos
is derived by Becm. from ntpupipui, for irépcpepos :
who is carried round and round by any wind. Or
corrupted from vtpuptpiis, going about, i. e. vagus,
inconstans: or rather derived from *tpl irep!, as
Hom. ifupX mpl. See Ambactus. Wright translates
ire'pirepor, vain, hasty, and TrtpTTepdofiai, am vain or
rash. The Schol. on Soph. Antig. 330 says : ' They
used to call ko/uJioÍiî whom we now call irepnipovs
Kal ttoKvKÁKovs.'
Perpes, ëtis, uninterrupted, continual. From
birds which (petunt) make for places till they (per)
thoroughly reach them. Cicero: Grues, loca cali-
diora petentes, &c. (2) From tctu, itcto/uu, to fly.
Perpetro. From patro.
Perpëtuus. See Perpes.
Perquam, very, as Perquam breviter perstrinxi,
Cic. By Tmesis, for tarn perbreviter quàm maxime.
Persephone, Proserpine. GR.
Persëvêro. Severe persto.
Persïca, peach-tree. Ylepaiic^ /irjXe'o.
Persollâta, -solâta, burdock. Voss : ' Gr. upotx-
(ívíov from npiawirov, a mask. Its wide leaves
served as a mask to keep off the sun. So this from
persona, personula, persolla.' Personata is also said.
Persona, mask, figure ; and, as actors used masks,
p
 PER
it meant a character or part, and a person repre
sented. Persono; as the actor spoke through the
part about the mouth. Vice versa, ancora was said
from &yxvpa. (a) Tleptfoivmiti or ircpiÇóa, to gird
round: npi(áyn, perzòna. (3) Tlpoaoirlva, iropaa-
irico, persopina as vEster, tEstaj then persona.
V. v. PROSerpina from ÏW2e<póvr).
Perspïcax, Perspïcuus. Perspicio.
Pertïca, a long pole, i. e. for reaching objects.
Pertigo, (pertingo,) pertiga. See Pervicax.
Pertïnax. From tenax.
Pervicax, obstinate. Pervico, pervinco, as Frango,
Fragilis. Persevering till he conquers.
Pes, foot : and, as nobs, the halser in a ship.
From iroiis, iroSbi, as yOvv, gEnu. Or from an old
form iris, irt&bs, whence irtSn, ir4$t\oy. (Steph.
7907.)
Pes, a louse. See Pediculuê.
Pessïmus. Pessum. Most at the bottom.
Pessûlus, a bolt. nd<r<ra\os.
Pessum, down to the bottom. As Quorsum is
Quoversum, so pedesversum, pedessum, pessum.
Towards the feet. (2) Kvaabv, depth ; or fraoaov,
deeper. (3) Pensum, pessum : from bodies sink
ing by their weight.
Pessus, a pessary. Yliaaos.
Pessumdo, I ruin. Pessum do, send to the bot
tom.
Pestflens. Pestis, as Opulens. From peredo,
peresum and perestum, pestum, as from Edo is
Estrix. Virgil: Carinas Est vapor et toto descen
dit corpore pestis : Crudeli tabe peredit. (a) From
pascor, pastum, as grAdior, grEssus. Quod depas-
citur artus. (3) From wcffttv, or pessum 1
Pëtâlium, nard ointment. GR.
Pëtámïriârius, a tumbler or juggler. TltTdpevos,
flying.
Pëtâso, Pëtâsus, Pëtanrista, Pëtaurum. GR.
Pëtïgo, same as Impetigo.
Petiôlus, a little foot ; fruit stalk. Pes, pedis,
pediolus.
Pëto, the same as the old beta, whence adbiter,
arbiter, like aRcesso. (2) Peto from iroflw, as
yOvv, gEnu : Ka@éa, laTeo. (3) Valckenaër from
ireTííeu, w, rtrdyyvpu, extendo (me), like òpéyofiat.
(4) Riddle : ' From iréra, irírra : to fall, fall upon :
then, to endeavour to reach or obtain.' (5) From
iiraiTÛ, 'mira. But this would be pjEto.
PETORRITUM, a Gallic waggon. From its four
wheels. ' Pedwar or petoar is Welsh forfour. And
rhod is Welsh, rit Irish, for a wheel:' Wacht.
Like Gr. iréropes four, and Lat. rota, wheel.
Petra, a rock, nirpa.
Petro, a ram. Its flesh being hard as a petra,
rock. See Rupex. (2) Peto, to butt.
Pëtúlans, skittish, saucy. Peto, as Ustulans.
Making for any thing, like rams.
114
PIL
Pëtulcus, like Petulans. Peto, like Hiulcus,
Populicus.
Pexâtus, clothed with a pexa, new garment, with
the nap on and combed.
Ph : All words so beginning, and omitted
here, are Greek.
PhaUecum carmen, the hendecasyllabic. From
its inventor Phalœcus, say Terentianus and Servius.
Phrygiònes, embroiderers. ' Phrygiam chlamy-
dem : ' Virg. ' Idaei Phryges acu facere invenere : '
Plin.
Phrygia, said of Cybele who was worshipped on
Phrygian Ida.
Phu, sound of aversion from a bad smell. ' *C,
exclamation of disgust : ' Lidd.
Phu, some plant. *o0.
Pby, sound of wonder. Priscian makes it formed
from the sound.
Piâcûlum. Pio, as Miraculum.
Pica, magpie. Uotxa contr. from notniXa, pied.
(3) KÍtto, jEol. wÍkko.. As ÁvKos, luPus ; Teropty,
KfTopej : and see Popa. (3) ' Certainly from raasc.
picus : ' Ainsw. As Lea. (4) UeUw, to pull,
pluck out.
Pïcâta uva, having the smell and taste picis, of
pitch.
Pïcea, red-fir. Shedding picem, pitch.
Pïceus, black as pitch. Pix.
Picris, bitter lettuce. GR.
Pictor, Pictûra. Pingo.
Picus, woodpecker. IIcÍku, to pull, pluck out.
Pictas. From pius.
Pïger, lazy. Quem piget. ' That goes about things
unwillingly : ' Ridd. (B) Uaxbp 3Í. oiiraxiis, thick,
dull. I, as strlngo, our rickets.
Pïget, from micbs, (Hesych.) a form of iriicpbs,
bitter, pungent. Pungit me, it pains, troubles,
worries or wearies me. (a) From 'irefyei, i-n-eiyei,
it urges, presses, i.e. worries me. As eìra, ïta;
Sti/ibp, tïmor.
Pigmentum, paint. Pingo, as Fingo, Figmentum.
Pignus, stake, wager, pawn, pledge. As Facio,
Facinus, so pago, paginus which could make either
pagnus or pignus. Answering to Pactum, a compact.
Or I from perf. pepigi. Or I for A, as a-rpAyyai,
strlngo. (a) From icvxyhs, dense, firm, as kvKvos,
cyGnus. As making a convention firm and solid.
Pila, a mortar. Pinso, pinsula, or piso, pisula.
(a) ïlt\â, to press close.
Pila, a mole, pier : from iri\&, to press close, to
squeeze tight ; explained by Stephens ' cogo seu
coacto, more rûr vi\oiroiiiv.' From the piles being
rammed down tight. Nugent says, as made of stones
heaped up.
Pila, a ball ; anything round ; a ball of wool, Ac-
representing the human head, to irritate wild beasts.
n?\oî, as KÍjpOS, cerA. Suidas as quoted by Eusta
 PIL
tfains: v tíàpuro* <r<paipiÇov(ra vl\<p. ï, as <pripa,
fera. nîAos was wool stuffed, from irt\û. (a)
Stuffed pïlo, with hair. (3) As kOvis, clnis, and
KÍjp02, cerA, from ir4\os, a globe.
Pîlentum, a soft easy chariot. As covered with
(iríXor) wool stuffed together to make it easier.
Hence ' mollibus pilentia' in Virgil.
Pïleus, a hat. níXos, ir/Aeos.
Pïlo, to rob. *ì\Au>, û ; P as Porto. The word
is thought dubious, and <pr)K4u, S is put in its place,
whence pilo, as irHyoi, flgOj ^Hy/ia, rima. (2)
Menage ' from iretpâ, to take, in Hesych. : pirare,
pilare.' (3) TliKû, stipo. Dacier: As robbers
heap and pack up things together to carry them off.
Pilo, Oppilo, block up. Tli\â.
Pïlûla, pill. Pila. Little ball.
Pïlum, a javelin. As Voss states, this seems to
have been taken from the form, though much
longer, of the common pilum or pestle, which is for
pistillum from pinso, pisturn, as VexiUum, Velum :
deduced by others from iriAû, to press close.
Pilum primum, the first company of soldiers,
armed with the pilum.
Pilus, hair. As mwà, Penna, and ifîépva,
Perna, pilus from irrï\oy, a feather: declension
changed as in nervUS. ' For what feathers are in
birds, that hairs are for the most part in land
animals : ' Voss. (2) ' IfiXos, felt, from its thick
ness : ' Becm. IÏÏXoî is wool or hair wrought into
felt. Pilus then may have meant hair simply.
Pimplëa, a Muse of Pimpla near Olympus.
fPinarii and tP°tit"t tw° families chosen to
preside over the sacrifices of Hercules. Livy says
they were the most famous families at that time in the
neighbourhood. Servius says that the Potitii potiti
sunt, enjoyed or eat of [or say,potis erant] the sacri
fice ; whereas for punishment Hercules said to the
Pinarii, "ï>eîj Si ireivdo-ere, But you shall starve. ?
Pincerna, cup-bearer. From iW and Kipviì, as
cErno. Who mixes wine for drinking. (2) Or
rather N is added as in laNterna ; from 'mKtpvû, to
mix in or again.
Pingo, I color, paint. From <p4yya, to make
bright i. e. by lines and colors. As Seneca : Stellis
pingitur aether. P, as toprâ, Porto ; I, as ri.yyu,
tlngo. (2) From iríva{, okos, a board for painting
on ; hence nivaKÒa, S, pinguo, pingo, as iyXâ,
unGUo, unGo. (3) From the same root as ìrhya •■
To fix colors on any thing. Riddle adds figo.
Pinguis, fat. As liNGUa from \eix<», AiXcD, so
irox^s, panguis and pinguis, as arpAyya, strlngo.
(2) TU>Kvbs,.Tn>VKbs, pinguis, pinguis.
Pinna, a naker. Tllvva.
Pinna, a feather. For^enna, as vlndico, vlgeo.
Pinna, pinnacle. Pinna, feather, as Gr. irrepti-
yiov.
Pinnâculum. As above.
115
m
PinniciUus, -um, corruption of PeniciUus. Though
Forced, says, ' ex pennis fact us.'
Pinnirapus, a gladiator who tried rapere pinnam,
to seize the top of the other's helmet. Pinna, pin
nacle, top. But Madan : ' As being adorned with
peacocks' pinna, plumes. Or, as the figure of a
fish was on the helmet, and pinna was a fin, he tried
to catch this in his net.'
Pinnotërês. Tltvvoriipiìs.
Pinso, bray, bruise. N added as in HNgo, &c.
from m-iffu, fut. of vríaota ; T dropt for softness, as
in Penna, Perna.
Pinus, pine-tree. Pinus, contr. from ttìtíivos.
(2) Hemsterhuis and Valckenaër suppose an old
Greek word irîcos, whence irívaf, a tablet.
Pio, to propitiate the gods. Shortened from
r)7ní>, to soothe, assuage, as from tfptvKTOi is Ructo,
from iperpbs, Remus. So ixda-xofiai in Herodotus :
0v<TÍri<ri avrbv ÎK&o-kovtcu. Or, which is the same,
pins is ' mild,' and pio ' to make mild.' (2) From
9va>, to sacrifice, M. tpiw, as 0?;p, ii\p : and as from
Bios, incense, is suFFio. (3) Piè colo. Perott
says 'piè amo' on Naevius : Suos piet liberos. That
is, faios clvai is. See on Pius.
Pïper, pepper, néirepi.
Pïpio, to cry as a chick. riiirifai, iw.
Pïpio, the young of birds, pipiens.
Pipulum, a crying out against. Pipio. Imitate
the cry of young birds, as Lat. occento.
Pirata, pirate. Tieipariis.
Pïrus, Pyrus, pear-tree. "Amos, 'wtos, as 'Apatbs,
'pahs, raRus. So "Apovpa, 'povpa, Rura ; wbs,
nuRus.
Piscina, a fish-pond ; any place for holding water.
Piscis.
Pisci8, fish. As Fóx^-os, F6\xos, Folchus, Volgus,
and FiÇbs, Futabs, Furiibs, Viscus ; so Fi%ios, FtSxbs,
fithcis, fiscis, and piscis, as &<uv6\t\s, Pienula;
*oprû, Porto. Thus Paludis from Fe\<í5i)s, and so
Aâas, \âFa$, laPis ; Sots, SaFìs, daPis. S for TH,
as the Laconians said iSíva, àyaSiis, mpSivt, and
our loveS for loveTH. (2) Piscis, from níu, irlaxa,
to drink, as &do>, &a\ritu ; whence vittÍcko!, to give
drink. ' Quia perpetuò bibunt,' Ainsw. We say,
He drinks like a fish.
Pisinnus, a little child. Apparently an affected
word used in an old writer, from pusus, whence
pusillus. We find both lUbens and llbens. The
word in Martial is variously edited.
Piso, a mortar. Piso, pinso.
Pistacium, pistachio-nut. GR.
Pistillum, Pistor, Pistrilla. Pinso, pistum.
Pistris, for Pristis.
Pîsum, Pïthêcium, Pïthos, Pïtheus. GR.
Pitisso. See Pytisso.
Pittâcium, a billet fixed to anything by pitch ; a
plaster. IIittiíkioi'. ,
 PIT
Pïtuïta, phlegm. As /ivâ, mina, from write, to
spit. There is also ttvtÍÇw, to spit ; written also
verify), says Liddell. (2) nirra, pitch. 'The
humor is of the consistence of pitch : ' Turt.
Pius is ' mild, kind, good-natured, affectionate,
obedient, dutiful : ' Forcell. Hence, as kcÏvos from
iitûvos, Rixa from ipi£w, Ructo from {pevKTÛ, so
pius from ifirioi, mild. And pio is ipritò, I pacify the
gods. (2) 0«oj, godlike ; M. <pcìos. P, as Qoprw,
Porto. (3) Qui piat deos. (4) 'Ets, fits, Ftivs.
See Piscis.
Pix, pitch. As ulySSes, ulyXes ; nitor, nitsus,
niSSus, niXus; vivo, viVSi, viXi; so Ttiaaa, iri<r<r',
pix. (2) Pix from irí^ir, coagulation. (3) From
an old word irú|is, allied to &nirv£ and irùf, con
nected with irvicdfa, wvKvbs, &c. Thickness, close
ness.
Placenta, a cake. TlXaKovvra acc. of irXaxovs.
Much as KéyOinos, legEntis.—Or from Trhaxievra.
Pláceo, plàcidus, and plàco (somewhat as sëdo
from sëdeo,) from 7rAàf, ir\âiths, a plane surface,
whence irAafcdeu, flat. Hence a verb irAá/cíai or
ir\anáu, to make plane or smooth, to make quiet
and satisfied, as à/ia\t(u to quiet, appease, from
ófia\bst level. (2) From ireAaai, 7reirf\dKo, TrewKatca,
as Gr. Trpotrxuptc, to accede to the wishes of, give
in to, accommodate oneself to, as Euripides : xpb
%4vov ndpra irpotrx<*>p*w irrfXw. (3) From t\&k&
fat. of v\cku, to fold. As an Insinuating person is
from Sinus, a fold.
Placïdus, mild, &c. Placeo, as Frigidus. Pleasing,
amiable.
Plâcïtum, an opinion. Quod placet. ' It has
pleased us that ' &c.
Plàco, I calm. See Placeo.
Plâga, a blow. M. irXayd.
Plâga, space, tract. n\dxa acc. of xAà|, a slat
Burface.
Plâga, net. From irAcuciS fut. of xXtVoi, to infold :
i. e. from a word irAaici), irAa/cá. jEsop speaks of a
stag tois KtpatTiv 4fxir\uK£yTos. So from TrAa/ca, a
surface, is the other plâGa.
Plagium, kidnapping. TIKdyios, crafty, treache
rous.
Plágìíla, leaf or sheet of paper. TlKdxa, a plane
surface.
Plágûla, curtain. Plâga. Being net-work. (2)
n\ó(ca, a table, as Tabulatum, drapery.
Planca, plank, ' tabula plana,' Fest. Plana,
planica, as Una, Unica; so Tetrica. (2) Tlkdica
acc. of irXáf. N as in taNgo.
Planctus. From plango.
Plancus, with broad feet. Planicus, as in Planca.
(2) As taNgo, from n^aicovs, broad.
Plânêta. nAcu^rjjs.
Plango, to beat ; beat the body in grief. As pago,
J>aNgo; so plaNgo, from irAcryái fut. of Tr\i,a<ra.
116
PLE
Plangunciila, little puppet. UKayydv.
Plânïpëdes, low actors who acted not on an
elevated place in the stage, but in piano, on the
floor. Or with bare feet, not in socks or buskins.
Planta, sole of the foot. Plana, flat ; whence
planida, as Viva, Vivida ; then planda, planta, as
AaîSa, Tseda. Or (as Lenita, Lenta ; Liberata,
Liberta,) planata, planta. (2) Scheid : ' From
irXdrn, »Aóto, i. e. tÌ> ttAotú.' As taNgo, &c.
Planta, plant. Dacier : ' What Festus says, may
be true, that planta is called from the similitude of
the human foot, since Pes is similarly applied. Varro
has Beta: PEDES.' And pediculus is so used. (2)
BAao-Ton), formed like f«jxANH- Hence blastna, for
necessary softness blatna, transp. òlanta and planta.
See Pratum.
Planto, I sow a tree by the planta, plant.
Planus, impostor. TWdvos.
Planus, plain. Tlhdmvos Steph. 7651 : whence
plainus, planus. (2) IIAcitos, whence an adj. irAa-
TOÍ/Ós.
Plasma, Plasmo, Plasso, Plastes. GR.
Pl&tânon, Plàtânus, Plâtea. GR.
Plátea, Plâtâlea, the spoonbill, shoveller. IIAa-
Tfîo, broad. ' The latter English name is the more
proper, the end of the bill being perfectly flat : '
Turt. Platea is also a street.
Plâtessa, a flat fish. ïlKaròtaaa., flat.
Plaudo is to make a noise by beating or striking,
and seems to be contracted from irXaTvylSSa JEol.
of irAaTiryifo) : whence jrAniryStu,plaudo. Properly,
to beat the water with the broad part of the oar :
figuratively, to beat the hands together, and (as in
Plaustrum, like Claudo, Claustrum) to strike the
ground heavily with heavy jostling wheels. (2) As
tydu, tyavai ; Atiw, \aia>, &ToAava ; so from <p\Áa>
might be tpKaia, phlauDo (see Claudo) and plaudo,
as Qatvi\r)s, Paenula. $\du is to thump, beat,
bruise. (3) Isaac Voss : Plaudo from ir\d8u, the
same as irKdfa whence also Plango. U, as in Fraus.
(4) From a compound perlaudo, pellaudo : To give
heavy strokes of applause. The conjugation changed,
as Reddo from Do, Vendo from Venundo, and from
the third to the first in Occupo from Occapio.
Plaustrum, a heavy waggon. Plaudo.
Plautus, with broad flapping ears. IIAcrniavrof,
contr. to 7rAaCros.
Plêbis, Plèbes, Plebs, the people. nAíjflos, JE.
Tr\rj<pos, Tr\rj(ps, plebs, as rpd&n£t rpà&Ç, traBs. So
oZ&ap, ou*ap, uBer.
Plecto, I strike. llxi\a<rw, irórArçicTai.
PleCtO, I twist. IlAeKto, 7r€VA6KTŒI.
Plectrum, Pleiades. GR.
Plênus, full. From the old pleo. Much as Beo,
Benus, Bonus. Or TrAeîos, pleNus, as Aeîos, leNis,
ados, saNus.—Others from irA^fwjs, whence plerus,
plenus, as hHVov, doNum.
 PLE POL
Pleo, as in Impleo. níuTrA^ui, xXij/ta, &c. point Plúto, Plûtus. ÏIAOVTUV, TIXOVTOS.
to obs. r\4a, pleo. (a) UKios, full. Plùvia, rain. Pluo, pluit. As Alluvies.
Plëonasmus. TlXtofcur/iós. Pôcillâtor, cup-bearer. Poculum, cillum.
Plêrïque, most; Plërumque, mostly. nxfywjí, Pôcûlentus, fit to drink. Potus, poticulentus, as
full. Pacuvius : Plera pars pessumdata est. Full Meticulosus, Lutulentus. Or poculum, a draught.
admits of comparison, for we say Quite full, Fuller, Pócûlum, cup. Polo, potaculum, poculum. As
Fullest. And Johnson defines Full (inter alia) large, Miraculum. So Pascibulum, Pabulum, (al James
great. Que, as in Uterque, Quisque. Plerique Bailey from K&-KtAKov, kovttcAAov, JE. ttovkcAAov,
omnes, is pi. vel omnes, like Sex Septem. iriÍKeAAov, poculum, as irOTAÚirovs, pOlypus.
Pleurîsis, Pleurîtis. GR. Pôdâgra, Pôdëres. GR.
Plïco, I fold. nxótw. Pôdex, quo pedimus. As pEndo, pOndus.
Plinthus, brick. nxiyflor. Podium, balcony, &c. TIoSíov from ttovs, irohbs,
VVôào, plaudo, as Coda. as projecting like a foot : though this sense of
Plôro, I weep. $\vàpa, (pKavpû, used of the voSiov is not found.
overflow of words, but, through ip\ia, capable of Poêma, Poena, Pœnœ. Uoírina, Tloivìi, Tlotval.
meaning the overflow of tears, (a) As <píaya.vov Pœnïtet, it causes repentance or regret. Panto,
became a<pàyavov, &pi0utîv àiuOptîv, and Avo^xpaL retribution, penalty.
or Acvo<ppal Tenebrae ; so òKoipipu or '\<xpipu, Pœnus, Carthaginian. *o7vi£.
tpAovpw, ploro. Poësis, Poëta. Xloíriais, IIoitjt^s.
Plostellum. For plaurieUum. Pol, Perpol, i. e. per PoUucem.
Ploxëmum, -ïmum, a kind of chest in a carriage. Polenta, coarse food from toasted barley-meal.
nxo^ifiby from TtXixa, ir(r\o(<u. Wattled ; a twig TLáAûvœ, waAvvrty, JE. iroKvvra, as BpOffttas for BpA-
basket. E, as merEtrix, salEbra, genEtrix. aéas. Besprinkled with flour : ' which sprinkling
Pluit, it rains. Pluo from BAiw to gush out ; or was made with water,' Voss.
*Aia as the root of xXiW to wash. Others from Polimenta, like Rudimenta. Festus : ' Testiculi
(p\vu, to overflow. porcorum, cùm eos castrabant.' Polio, metaph. As
Plûma, soft feather. TlriKaim corresponds to polio agros, is ' rastris pecto, rado, occo,' Forcell.
■wriKtcrbs, TrrlKutris. Hence xrXéìjita, and irAwfia, as (B) Scalig. ' from pola, a ball, whence polire is
ICTcwà, Penna ; and pluma, as tp&obs, fUris. See to play at ball.' And pola from irikos, globus,
on Pumex. (fl) Haigh : ' From 4>Avyuj}, à <p\ia, to as k%>02, cerA : or irdAAa, a ball, M. ircíXXa. But
trifle.' Any thing trifling or light. ' cùm eos castrabant ' does not suit this general
Plumbum, lead. Dove-coloured, from palumbet, notion.
a woodpigeon, which is called olvàs from its wine Polio, I furbish. From woAibs, grey, white, whence
color, (a) Haigh ' from Wxxayia, blueness, wan wo?u6a!, û. To make white or shining, clean, neat,
ness.' Hence, (as (pflpbs, fUris,) pluma, and, (as smooth, (a) From roXc'u, to turn. To make fine
k6\oy, KoKofSbv,) plumibum, plumbum. So acer- and smooth as with a turner's wheel. (3) Ains-
BUM, superBUM, verBUM. (3) As $k(ttu is worth : ' From waAbs, shining, whence waXévm,
traced by some to lítAirru, /iXÍttc», and /3X࣠to splendidum facio.' Or from <paAbs, white. As
HaAaxbs, fíAÙKs, so acc. uóKifìov, /lAiBov, plK6)iBov, *o7vi(, Pœnus ; SA/nû, dOmo.
plumbum. Or thus : MóAifìov, /ióaBov, whence (as Poliorcètes, Pôlîtîa, Pôlïtïcus. GR.
Mop<pi, Qopuà, Forma,) AiuBov ; and, as bóSov Pollen, Pollis, dust in a mill, fine flour, &c. As
became BpòSov, and pûmes, Bpâmts, (though the B pEndo, pOndus, so pollis from pello, as driven or
is thought to stand in these for the Aspirate,) J9xó/t- wafted in the air. (a) TláKAv, to shake. As pOr-
0ov, plumbum, as o?*ON acc. vinTJM. rum. (3) nd\7), fine dust ; JE. iriArì. LL, as
Plûrâlis, Plûrïmus : from Mille, Mellis. (4) Polleo. Excelling or finest
Plus, plûris. Plia from jEol. irXeûs, icAtwos : on flour.
the model of Mus, Mûris, (a) Pluris for plunis, Polleo, am of much avail. rioXA&ï, much, (a)
vAevvos. Poti-valeo, potis-valeo : Ridd. Potleo, as Potisfui
Plût eus, a shed or gallery to protect besiegers ; &c. Potui : then polleo.
Dacier thinks the proper meaning is a plank or Pollex, the thumb. For pollex digitus, which
tablet, and Festus explains plutei ' omnes tabula; Caesar joins ; from polleo, as Apio, Apex. On
quibus aliquid praesepitur.' Forcelliui explains plu- account of its superior power and utility beyond the
teus 'a shelf fixed to a wall for books, a board other fingers : whence it is called in Greek àvríxetp,
defending the outer part of a dinner couch,' &c. a second hand.
Hence from -wKortos JE. of «-Xaréoi, broad, flat. Pollïceor. Liceor is to bid or offer a price : and
Thus ' the jEolians said 6pOaius, BpOStais for Bpd- polliceor, (for porliceor as in Porrigo, Pollingo, Por-
<rt»j, Bpatiws : ' Voss. U, as NOpoS», NUmidae. tendo,) is to put forth an offer, to engage, promise.
117
 POL
So Promitto is to put forth a promise, (a) Per-
liceor, pelliceor.
Pollingo, to anoint a corpse and prepare it for
burial. Pol, forth, as in Polliceor and Porrigo;
and pollingo is from pollino, pollinico, as Velio, Vel-
lico ; then pollinco, pollingo. I put a body forth or
lay it out, and anoint it. (2) Per-lingo, pellingo.
(3) N added as in liNgo ; and polliyo, corpus ligo,
vestibus involvo. (4) Pellis, the skin of a corpse ;
ungo. Ungo cadaver. (5) Poliena ungo. ?
Polluceo, I offer a banquet as was usual in sacri
fices to the gods. Pol is ' forth,' as in Polliceor,
Pollingo. To make the lights of the feast shine
forth far and wide. Some say, to put forth a splendid
repast. Lnceo. (2) Perluceo, pelluceo.
Pollûcïbïlis cœna, a costly supper. Above.
Pollueturn, a costly banquet. Polluceo. Also,
what remained and was given to the people.
Polluctus, treated with good cheer. Polluceo.
Hence jocosely, well drubbed. And common, as
the remains were given to the people. And imbued
with, well instructed in, i. e. having it well drubbed
into me.
Polluo, I defile. Porrò, as in Portendo, Porricio ;
and luo, Koiu, to wash. Porrh, says Riddle, denotes
opposition or exception : on the contrary. Thus
polluo is the reverse of luo: to be far from cleansing ;
as Ne in Nescio, De in Deficio, a in &tIw. (2) For
pelluo from perluo. Luo to dissolve, rot, spoil,
whence lues. As pOndus from pEndo. Cicero:
Ut eos ludos hsec lues inipura pollueret. (3) Some
refer to <f>oAwa> in Hesycbius : but this should be
tpopivw : Steph. 10249.
Pollux. nohvSfVKrìs, Poldûx.
Polus, the pole. n<ÍAos.
Pols—. AH words thus beginning are Greek.
Polypus, a polypus, &c. noXúirous. A griping
fellow, as this fish sticks tenaciously to the rocks.
Pômârium, orchard. Pomum.
Pômërîdies. Post meridiem.
Pômœrium, a space in and out the city-walls with
out buildings. Post moerum. See above.
Pômôna, goddess of fruits. Pomum.
Pompa, Pompïlus. GR.
Pômum. Usually referred to irtS/ito, potus. But,
as proVIdens, proi'dens (prudens) ; so pomum from
itÒtiiíov, ir&îiíov, ' potui aptum.' Thus we find from
Gaza apud Theophr. : Kopiroi y\vKc!s «a! Trón/ioi,
translated by Stephens ' dulces et grati palato.' It
is true that fruits of a harder quality also go under
this name, but it was enough that the word was
formed from the softer and more liquid substances,
as in Virgil : ' mitia poma.'
Pômus, fruit-tree. Pomum.
Pondëro, I try by weight or weights. Pondus.
Pondo, weight : a pound weight, as this measure
is the most known and used. Pendo, as Pondus.
118
POP
Pondus, weight. Pendo, to hang in scales, weigh.
A weight, i. e. weigh'd. 0, as pEdo, pOdex. And
our mOlten.
Ponè, behind. As Sinè from Sino, so poni from
pono, i. e. post-sino, to leave behind.
Pôno. Clarke says on II. O. 472 : ' Pono is
put for po-sino.' And here he stops. But po-sino
is for post-sino, as Pômœrium for Postmcerium,
Pomeridies for Postmeridies, Poples for Postples.
From postsino is posino, pono ; from postsitum is
positum ; from post-sivi is im-posivit in Plautus.
Now sino is to lay or place, as situs, 4s, is position,
situation, and situs the participle is laid or placed.
Post is behind or next in order. So that pono is
properly to place behind or next, a sense which
became merged in the general one of placing. Quod
nomen, says Cicero of Superstitio, patuit posteà
latiùs. Thus Respondeo lost its original meaning.
From pono in this sense is ponè.
Pons, bridge. For pendens, pendentis, as pOndus
from pEndo. As hanging over the water. (2) Soft
for pars from wópos, used by Herodotus for a bridge,
and so explained by Hesychius.
Pontïfex, high-priest. From pons, facio, as Mdi-
fex. For the Sublician bridge was first made and
from time to time restored by them, ' quòd eo,' says
Varro, ' sacra et uls et cis Tiberim non mediocri
ritu fiant.' The bridge could indeed only be re
paired by the Pontifex, and that with sacrifices.
(2) ' Who settled the atonement by the imposition
of a fine, a certain pondus, weight of copper : '
Donldn. ?
Ponto, pontoon. Pons, pontis.
Pontus, sea ; the Euxine. Tlòvros.
Pôpa, a priest who slew the victims. Greatly
changed from OCttjs, Mo\. Birra, and (pma, as @)ip,
*}ip, and TafSvos, Pavonis. From <pinra is popa, as
íoíVif, Pœnus; fiY\a, mOla. (2) néirrœ, irénoira:
a cook. But he was the slayer, not the cook.
Scheide explains Persius's 'popa venter,' the di
gester. But Forcell. refers it to the good eating of the
priest, or to the number of animals slain to fill the
stomachs at feasts.
Popânum, round wide cake. GR.
Popina, cook-shop, rtéirra, iróroira, to cook.
(2) From the 'popa venter ' in Popa.
Pôpîno, frequenter popinarum.
Pôples, ïtis, ham of the knee. From post-plicitum,
poplicitum, poplitum. ' Quia post genu plicetur ac
curvetur:' Forcell.
Pôplïcus, public. Populicus.
Poppysma. TÏÓTnrvaua.
Populâria, Popûlâris. PSpulus.
Pôpulnus. Pôpùlus, populinus.
Pôpûlo, to take away (populum) a people : or, as
Wachter says, to lay waste by introducing a people.
Populônia, some goddess. ' Seneca hints that it
 POP
was not Juno, nor was so called from protecting the
populus, people, but from populo, to lay waste, for
that it means something evil, and that it was no
wonder no one came to ask her aid : ' Fore.
Populus, anc. popolus. Reduplicated from nohbs,
as TÍA.ÀO), Titillo. For irowo\vs. So civT/ta for
SyOjua, whence cWvT>os.—Riddle from pubes, for
pûbulus. ?
Pôpûlus, poplar. From mumtiUS fut. of waaráKKm,
to shake ; whence iranraAcieis, rugged, i. e. shaking
or (as Dr. Jones well expresses it) jolting. Populus
is called from the vibrating nature of its branches.
Homer : ^XÁxaTa ffrpaxpwfftv Osd* re <pt/AAa /xaKecV)7s
AirEIPOIO, which last word is itself from alaau,
eOyov. Thus tAïs became irOïp, puer. (2) As
Disco, Discipulus ; Manus, Manipulus, so poto, poti-
pulus, populus. Thus Spenser has The poplar never
dry. Ovid: Populus est, memini, sluviali consita
ripâ. Virgil : Populus in fluviis. Generally, Ezek.
31.16: 'AH the trees of Eden that drink water.'
For, servant, Tloip : see Puer.
Porca, sowpig. Porous, as Lea. Et tò alSoiov
yvvaiKtîov, ut XoTpos.
Porca, ridge. Porgo, to lay along j porgica. (2)
Porca above. As like a hog's back.
Porcellio, a millipede insect, from porceUus, as
we call it a Sow.
Porceo, I keep off. Porrb arceo.
Porcilâca, purslain. Porcus, as x01?0^^™""'
from x°V0Si mentioned by Nicomedes Iatrosophista.
Called also porcastrum, and, as Ainsw. states, por-
cellia. Some write it portulaca. ?
Porculus, a little pig ; a porpoise. Porcus. And
what held in the oil-press the rope which wound
round the windlass or Sucula, which also is properly
a little sow. See Sucula.
Porcus, a hog, pig. ' nópxos in old Attic, acc. to
Varro, a pig : ' Lidd. : Kdrrptp /col tripKy. It is used
by Lycophron.
Porgo, stretch out. Porrigo.
Porphyrites, porphyry. GR.
Porricio, stretch out, &c. Porro, vóp'pa, and
jacio as in Injicio, Amicio. Porrb as in Porrigo.
Porrigo, stretch out. Porro, rego as in Dirigo.
See Porricio. (2) Fopéya.
Porrigo, scurf or scales in the head. Porrigo,
porrigïgo, as Impetigo. From its spreading about.
(2) From the layers or scales as in the porrum.
Porrò, forwards, far off, hereafter, moreover.
Porrum, a leek. As %p6tra, irápau, wijifiu, so
■np&aov, nipaov, irdtyov, and porrum, as SOuà,
dAmo. So M. fìpOSéus, ffrpOr6s.
Porta, gate. From porta. Things being carried
through it in and out. Herodotus has \ea<p6puv
xvXeW. (2) Allied to vipos, a passage, through
wtlpw, ir«ropTcu, to pierce, divide, whence portio.
119
POR
(3) Dumesnil : ' Anciently, when they were about
to build a town, they marked it out with a plough,
and lifted it up where the entrance was to be.
Aratrum sustollat, says Cato, et portant vocet.
Varro : Viam relinquebant in niuro, qua in oppidum
portarent. Porta is the opening made in the wall.'
But this from Varro supports the first derivation.
Portendo, I show beforehand. Porrò lendo.
Portentum, omen. See Cicero in Monstrum.
Porthmeus, ferryman. GR.
Portïcus, portico. From portus, as Medicus,
Modicus. Figuratively, but not more so than Ala
applied to the Hank of an army, Vomer to a plough
share, Rudens to a rope, irre'pvf to the pinnacle of a
building, &c. Portions was a covered walk, a
refuge from the sun and rain : made ' umbrae et
imbrium vitandorum causa,' Forcell. In the words
of Isaiah 4. 6 : A tabernacle for a shadow in the
daytime from the heat, and for a place of refuge,
and for a covert from storm and rain. The fol
lowing are metaphorical uses of portus. Cicero :
' Hie locus est unus quo perfugiant : hie portus,
haec anc, hase ara sociorum.' Ovid : ' Qui mihi
confugium, qui mihi portus erat.' And its com
pound opportunus. (2) Many from porta. I do
not see the application of this word.
Portio, part, portion. For partio or partitio,
from pars, partis or partior. (2) As utfiopfjUyos
and uoprhs are formed from uflpu, so irâroprw may
have existed from vtipao, to pierce, and hence portio.
Portiscúlus, one who directed the rowers to go
on or to stop ; and the hammer by which he gave
the order. As the portus, harbor, ends the voyage,
so the portisculus, the hammer or the man, ends
the duties of the rowers and orders them to stop,
whence the latter is called also Pausarius. Ml.
Stilo in Festus says, ' Quia dat modum classi in
portu,' stops the fleet in the harbor. I, as artl-
culus. (2) IIaiÌT7)s might be found like iratWi)?,
' which makes to cease from : ' hence pautisculus, in
sound portisculus. Thus ■wimunai is found, and
irav&rivai, iiraie-nv Steph. 7296.
Portïtor, a porter. Porto. Ferryman, from
porto ; but Forcell. says, Who carries from one
portum port to another. And one who watches the
portum harbor, and exacts the dues : or portus is the
custom-house where goods are imported. Voss
thinks also because the dues are levied ' pro merci-
bus exportandis.'
Porto, I carry. From <p6pros, a load, Qoprifa
and a verb tpopróoì, û, to carry a load. So &<p*yos,
'<píVoí, Penus ; tpcuvó\ris, Paenula. (2) From (pepu,
irtyoprai, {popria, S>. Hencefortis, fortuna.
Portôrium, harbor-tolls. Portitor, portitorium.
Or portus, portorium. See Portitor.
Portûnus, Neptune or Janus. The god portuum
or portarum. ,
 POR
Portus, harbor. From porta. A place for import
and export for goods, or for carrying ships into it.
(B) From irelpa, wiwoprat, whence (from Wiropa)
is iropoj, a passage into. (3) From porta, a gate.
Posca, Pusca, water mixed with vinegar and eggs.
Xl6<ris, drink, posica, posca, as Esum, Esica, Esca.
' Potui idonea,' Fore. Plautus : Poscam potitant.
Posco, I demand. As ynpda, yopdaxu, so fioitt,
0oÍ<tko>, páffKt», to call out to or for. So <ptíffKu
from cpdV Euripides, (8oç irvp. So fiuarpiu is to
call out. Bosco, for softness posco. (a) From
ipdaitu, as Porto from #opTcS ; and lAncea from
AOyxv- (3) Peto, pet-sco : Ridd.
Pôsïtus. Pono, posui.
Possessïvus, in one's possession, as Meus.
Possïhïlis. Posse, as Tangibilis.
Possïdeo, I possess. Potis-sedeo, as Potis-sum,
Possum. I am able to sit down in a place as my
own. Micah : ' They shall sit every man under his
vine, and none shall make them afraid.' Ovid :
' Hac profugos posuistis sede.' Silius : ' Quando
sedisse dabis ? ' So Belg. besitten, to sit, is ' to
possess.'
Possido, i. q. possideo. Sido.
Possum. For potts sum; poies for potis es ;
potest for potis est Mn. 9. 796 ; poteram for potis
eram, &c. Potis and pote are from tot!, which ex
presses what looks towards, respects or concerns,
appertains or belongs to, any one : and they there
fore mean having the office, right or power of
doing. Potis is shortened to pos in possum, com
pos, &c.
Post, As "IctKin became Scio ; as 'Aokkos, through
KdoKos, became Csecus ; as 'Exarbv or 'Exmbv
through Kevrbv became Centum ; so ïirio-flf, oVio-f,
through iroîcrf, became posth or post, as Aa0ea>,
laTeo ; 9piaufios, Triumphus. Much in the same
way yvvye, vvvy was changed to nunC ; and Atque
to Atq', Ate, Ac. Thus also posterns from òiríer-
repos. (3) Bp. Butler from positum, postum, as
Ponè from Pono. But post enters into the origin
ofpono. (3) Ponè est : Ridd. ?
Postërîtas, PostërSla, from
Posteras. See Post.
Posthûmus, Postûmus, who is born, after his
father is put into (humum) the ground. But others
neglect the H, and compare the old Intumus, Ex-
tumus, Maxumus, for Intimus, &c. Forcellini says :
' He was called postumus, who was born the last of
his father's children. Among the Lawyers, it was
one born during his father's life after he had made
his will.' But, though it was not necessary that a
son should be born after his father's death because
he was the last, yet postumus might have acquired
this particular sense by custom.
Postïca, back door. Post, as Amicus.
Postidea. Eâ tempestate post id.
120
PRjE
Postïlëna, a horse's crupper reaching from the
saddle to the hinder part of the horse. Post. As
Cantilena.
Postis, door-post. Simply, put or placed up,
fixed, from positus, postus. Forcellini defines it
'lignum aut lapis ERECTUS ab utroque latere
portae.' Much as ari\\n, a boundary-post, from
aria, «rrijo-oi. (a) Voss from post : 1 Propriè in
januâ dicuntur ANTES et postes : ANTES ANTE,
postes pbst stant.' Ainsworth : ' Quod post ostia
stat.'
Postliminium, the return to his country and
estates, of one who had gone abroad, &c. Reditus
ad sua limina post aliquod tempus : or, with Dacier,
ad limina regni.
Postquam. Formed after the model of Priusquam,
sooner than. For posteriusquam.
Postrëmus, last. Posteras, posterrimus, postrei-
mus, as Supremus.
Postridie. Posteridie.
Postúlo, I ask. Posco, poscitum, postum, as
Ustulo.
Postumus. See Posthumus.
Pote, Tort i. e. irpóî. See Possum.
Pôten8. Potis-ens.
Potërium, cup. Tlor^piov.
Pôtestas. Potis, as Majestas.
Potin', canst thou ? Polisne es ?
Potior. Potis. More able, &c.
Potior. From pote or potis, whence potens. To
be master over.
Potis, able. See in Possum.
Potissimùm, principally. Potior.
Potitii. See Pinarii.
Potiùs, rather. Potior, better.
Pôto, I drink. As irâpa from obs. t6o>, irtirufiai,
so iroVijs in Lobeck, Phryn. 456, from ireiravrai, and
àvíirtttris, &utruris is from the same. Hence trurda,
iruTÛ, poto. So iroTOi is found.
Potui, for potisfui. See Possum.
Pôtus, urine. Pliny explains it the excrement
potús humani, of what men drink. So Humaine
dapes are dung.
Pôtus, i, a minion, delicatus puer. From tiatn,
veretrum, whence iri66n, and pothis, potus. So
triaiwv is used, from iritrBri, and explained by Pho-
tius, Steph. 7874.
Prae, before, beyond. ' Probably,' says Bp. Butler,
' from irpol for irpb, as curai, virai, for cWb, faro*.' Or
from Tapai, taken as 7rapà, beyond, as in vapat-
fìdrys.
Prsebeo. Prœhabeo, to hold before another ;
prtehibeo, as inhibeo.
Prsecello. See Excella.
Praeceps, headlong. Preeceps, prœcipitis, from
prcs; caput, capitis. With the head foremost:
npoKdpvvos.
 PR* PR*
Praeceptum, command. Prascipio. honorable action, a prize of victory.' (2) Prœdi-
Praecia, called also Praeclamitator. Apuleius ex mium, taken as a booty : or prœbeo, prœltium.
plains prœciœ ' qui facilem sacris viam dari praedi- Prasnum, an instrument to hackle flax with :
carent.' From prœ-cio, as Concio, Praeco. hence, cruel treatment. Prcedor, prœdinum, prœ-
Praecîdâneus, sometimes from prtecœdo ; some num., as Regnum. Metaph. from ravaging, spoiling.
times perhaps from prtecedo, with the I somewhat Pliny : ' Aha dentibus prœdantur, alia unguibus.'
as in praellganeus. Praepëdio. Like Impedio.
Praecipio, I suggest, direct. Capio. I take and Praepes, etis, swift. Qui petit loca pree aliis.
throw before another, npo$á\\ai, ìnrofìihKw. Thus Impetus. (2) From niru, iréro/iai, to fly.
Praecïpïtium, Praecïpïto. Prœceps. (3) From iréra, n'mra, to fall, whence irpoirer^ï,
Prœcipuus, chief. Which capitur prce, is taken headlong, fast.
before others. Praepilàtus, rounded at the end like a ball to
Praeco, public crier. As Parens for Pariens, so blunt it. Pila.
prœco for prœcio : from do. Voss : ' Qui prœcìat, Praepostërus, having that last which ought to be
excitet populum ut conveniat.' (2) For prœdíco, first. Posterus.
prœdiconis. As Verbero, âre, Verbero, ônis. (3) Praepûtium, prepuce. For preepotium, as tpCiphs,
Others from prœcino ; or prœago, prœigo, from ago, fUris. Potus, penis ; see in Potus. (2) Prceputo,
to drive. as persona. From the Jewish circumcision. Voss
Praecônium, proclamation, eulogy. &c. Prœco. says the Romans used the word before they knew
Praecox, ripe before the time. Coquo, coxi; or of the circumcision ; but Juvenal seems the first to
prœcoquits. use it, and of the Jews.
Praeda, prey. Haigh : ' For prœdata bestia ; laid Praes, praedis, surety, bail. Prœsto, whence
in one's way.' (a) Cicero has 'prœda improbè prœstes,prœsts,prœs, ìiaâpreedis, as Haeres, Haeredis.
parta.' From pario, paritum, then, could be parita, As prœstes, who stands before another and secures
praita, prœta, as /xoS<rAI, ruus.-E ; and prœda, as him : or who prœstat alicui damnum, makes himself
menTior, menTax, menDax , Varro thus : Pario, responsible. (2) Qui prœsest, like prœsens. Who
parida, (as Rapio, Rapida,) pratda, preeda. (3) comes forward in court, appears.
Riddle from prœs, prœdis. But ? Prœsens. S added from abSens, or from prœSum,
Praedíco. Compare Indíco. Or as in Abs-, Obs-, Subs-. Key from prœ-esens,
Praed itus, endued. Dalits, donatus prœ aliis. Or esum anc. for sum. ?
prtB is beforehand, naturally. Praesêpes, -e, any close place, stall, cell, crib.
Praedium, farm, estate. Prœs, prœdis. Any real Sepio.
property which may become a good security, or Praesertim, especially. Pree, sero, to join : pro
serve to give us a title to credit. Tacitus : ' Si perly of things which are first in a row, or which in
debitor populo in duplum prœdiis cavisset.' Prœdiis a row are before others. (2) Prœsero, as Prosero
prœdibusque are often joined. (2) Prœda, booty. is used, but with varr. lect. : and some say exsero,
The territory acquired in war being so considered exero, to draw out, pick out.
by the ancients. Praeses, ïdis, president, prœsidens.
Praedo, robber. Prœda. Praesidium, a guard ; quod sedet prœ loco. A
Praefectus, one set over others. Faciq. post, prœ quo sedent.
Praefica, one set over the mourners at funerals. Praestëga, porch. Sr4y7t, roof.
Prœficio. Praestes, ïtis, president. Qui stat prœ aliis.
Praefiscïne, -ni, let me say in praise of another Praestïgiœ, jugglers' tricks. As prœstringunt, they
without any evil result, prœterfascimtm. Titinnius : dazzle the eyes by their rapidity. So fraNgo,
Ad laudem addito Prœfiscini, ne pucllafascinetur. fragilis. R dropt, as flagRum, flagellum.
Praefôco. See Suffoco. Praestïno, I buy. Prœ-teneo, I take in a sale
Praegnans, pregnant. Gnans from yttw&m, yváa, before others and appropriate. See Destino.
yvâ, gno whence gnascor. Before she brings forth. Praestò, at hand. For prœstith, as Sortitò, Optatò :
Or ytvea, geneo, genui, and prœgeno, âre, as Educo, from prœsto, Hum, to stand before.
are. Praesto, sto prœ, I stand before, excel : stand to,
Prselâbor. Prœter-labor. keep. Make to stand before, show, give, give my
Praelïgâneum vinum, made of grapes gathered word, answer for. Prœsto alicui damnum, warrant
before the vintage. Prœ-lego. any one against loss. Perhaps ' non fore ' is omitted.
Praelium. See Prœlium. Praestolor, I wait for. Prœsto, at hand, much as
Prsemium. For prœ-emium, from emo to take: Violo, Ustulo. Scaliger: ' prœstulus, prœstolus,
As Eximius. What one receives in preference to prœstolor.' (2) StoAì;, equipment.
others. Dumesnil: ' A due recompense for an Praesul, úlis, chief of the Salii, from salio, who
121
 PV.JR
capered through the city. Any president. So
Consul.
Praesum, sum prœ aliis.
Prater. From prœ, as Inter, Suhter.
Pratexta, a white toga woven in front or bordered
with purple. Texo. And a play in which magistrates,
&c, who used the prœtexta, were represented.
Pratextus, disguise. Texo.
Prator, an officer, &c. Prœ-itor.
Pratôrium, the general's tent. And, as this tent
was superior to the others, so it meant a magni
ficent villa: or because generals and magistrates
lived in them. Prœtor.
Prsetùra, office of a prœtor.
Praevârîcor, have crooked legs, deal crookedly.
Varus. Prce for prœter.
Prsevius, going before. Via.
Pragmâtïcus. TipaypuniKés.
Pramnium vinum. Ylpifiviov.
Prandium, formerly a repast in the morning,
afterwards at noon. Apoll. Rhod. has is ívSiov, up
to noon : thus irpi ivbiov is before noon, and
wpoivSioy would be prendium, or prandium as
flAmma, mAgnus. (2) Voss from wpày, in the
morning, as ^eo-iAION ; but irpav is ' recently.'
Prâsïnus, of a green color. GR.
Prâtum, meadow. As Theocritus uses irpSros for
irpwTos, and alyâv for alyûv, and as êeâpbs is Doric
for Staphs, and as gnArus is from yvùpbs, so fiparbii
would be written for fipwrbv, edible for cattle, as
opposed to arable land; and hence pratum for
euphony, as Premo from Bap-q/ia, Bp^p.a. (2)
Haigh : From rrtparbv, irpdrby, passable, open. (3)
Pliny says that the ancients said paratum, ready at
hand without the assistance of art. Opposed to
Arvum, which requires cultivation. Varro and
Columella support this view.
Prâvus. Scaliger says it is a military word, taken
from the reproaches cast on gentleness of disposi
tion, which is despised by soldiers: from irpâos,
gentle, whence praVus. (2) But as pravus is
properly crooked, awry, better from iretpai i. e. irapà,
aside ; whence (as Íîtioî from àirb, Çwbs from |íiv,
ckcuttos from c/càj,) trapaibs, npqos, pravus. Or from
a verb TrapaifSdu, irpç(3íS. (3) Perhaps allied to
<pavKos, tpavpos : Ridd. Transp. (ppavos, tppavFos.
(A) As Stp/w became Téya, Tego, so trrp&fibs
became rpâjìbs, JE. wpâííbs, whence prâvus, as
clâdes from K\âSos. 'Srpa&bs has its general sense
of Tortus in its compound irrpafSfis.
Precârius, precarious. Obtained per preces, and
therefore dependent upon another's will.
1 1 Precise or Pretise vites,
Prëcor, for greater rapidity, for procor, as yOvv,
glînu ; tOsta, tEsta ; dâbam for dâbam. (2) Cor
rupted from a verb irapiixop-ai, irpÉx<ty""i to beg
from. (3) From ppéxop-tu, to be bedewed i. e. with
122
PRI
tears, as Lat. imploro, to beg with tears. Euripides:
Siáfipoxov tiSS" ip.ii' $xfls' and Nonn. Jo. 55. 5 :
SidfSpoxos SÌKpv<rt. Pr for Br, as Premo, Pratum.
Prehendo, I lay hold of. Prœhando, prehendo, as
commAndo, commEndo. Hando from xav^vw »
more directly, from xa8á>, to hold, whence hâdo, as
Xipros, Hortus ; and hando, as tago, taNgo.
Prehenso, I canvass. Above. Take hold of one
to solicit his vote.
Prelum, oil-press. Premo, premulum.
Prëmo. Corrupted from fiapr/fia, /3p7)/ta, a weight :
See Clamo. P as Bparbv, Bparbv, Pratum ; and
much as Fremo from Bpéyut». And ë, as <pHpa,
fëra; 'Hirap, TH/cap, jëcur ; mëto from à/iììTbs,
harvest.
Prendo, Prenso. Prehendo, Prehenso.
Presbyter. ripe<rj3ÚTepos.
Presso. Premo, premmm, pressum.
Prêster, a fiery whirlwind, &c. GR.
Prëtium. Salmasius : ' From Trpárioy, the price
paid (irpárjî) to the seller.' Haigh : ' From vparéoy,
to be sold.' E, as the i£olians said icpEros, SpExwy
for KpAros, SpAKwy: (Voss.) And ë, as KpHirida,
crëpido.
Prex, prëcis. Precor.
Priâpus, a god, &c. Tlpiwiros.
Pridem, awhile ago. Doderlein from irpiv S)i or
irpiv ti]v. Prindem, as Idem. (2) Priusdem.
Pridie, the day before. Priori die.
Primïcerius, a prime minister. Primus in cerd,
in a waxen tablet or catalogue of names of rank.
(2) Cerius may be a termination : Ainsw.
Primitiae, first-fruits. As Stultitia.
Primïtïvus. Primitùs.
Prîmoplastus, first-formed. Hybrid from primus,
irKaffrós.
Prïmotïnus, ripening early. As Serotinus.
Primus. From prior. Or prœ, praHor, prœis-
simus.
Princeps. Principis soft for primcipis, from
prima capio. As taMquam, taNquam.
Princïpâtus, Princïpium. Above.
Prior. Prœ, prœtor,prior. (2) From irpl-, as in
Pridem, and as Uplv, and as pris in Priscus, and
perhaps Pristinus. (3) From irpi\iov in Hesychius,
who explains it irpórepov.
Priscus, ancient. Riddle : ' From pris, the Gr.
rplr.' Scheid supposes that irpis was the nomina
tive, irpiv the accusative. Hence irpiaKbs, as /iov-
<rmbs, &c. and as ktj in <piaicri from <f>v<ráa. So in
Unicus, Modicus, &c.—Others from priùs.
Pristinus, former. From obs. Gr. 7rpii. See
Priscus. As Cras, Crastinus.—Or for priustinus.
Pristis, some large fish ; and a long ship of war.
ÏIpía-TTìs Aristot. H. A. 6. 12. Others read irío-rpiî
and pistris. Steph. Thes. 7965.
Prïvâtus, shortened to privus, q- v.
 PRI
Prïvignus, a step-son. ' Festus says, because he
is genitus born priusquam before the mother marries
again. Others for priugenus from priùs. But why
not from prive, singly, separately, as ifupiyovos ? '
Becm. Not of both father and mother existing,
one of them being dead.
Prïvïlëgium, a law showing favor or disfavor to
an individual. Privus ; lex, legis.
Privo, take away from, ilpïa, TlpiFw, to sever,
and privo, as Sis, oVis.
Privus, individual, particular, one's own. Privo
in the sense of irpia : Cut off from others. Much
as cKoo-Tos from ini£s. For privatus.
Pro, before, &c. Xlpò.
Pro— in compounds. Porro or procul.
Proagorus, a magistrate. GR.
Proâvus, great-grandfather. Pro.
Probe, in good honest truth, thoroughly. Probus.
Problëma, problem. GR.
Probo. From probus, says Riddle. That is, I
judge to be (probum) good, or I try if it is good, like
AoKifiifa from Aoki/iós.—But (if Probus from
Probo) as Retinaculum from Retineo through a
verb Retino, are, and as Edûco, are, from Dûco, so
from prohabeo, prohibeo, was prohibo, probo : To
hold forth or forward so as to inspect or examine.
(3) From irpo<pdat, irpotpû, Trpotpaíyu. (4) Haigh
from PpafSebs, an umpire. ?
Prôbôlë, Proboscis. GR.
Prôbrum, shameful action, &c. For prohibrum
from prohibeo. What the laws prohibit: vetitum.
Dacier : What we ought prohibere, to put away.
(2) Tlepirepov, rash ; icpiirpov.
Probus, for probatus, for convenience of use, as
Servus from Servatus. Thus we find 'probum
argentum.' (a) For prohibus from prohibeo. One
who keeps himself off from what is vicious. (3)
From irpoùs, Moi. of irpais, meek, tame : irpoFbs,
proBus, as in morBus. But this sense scarcely
applies. (4) From irpiira, Tréirpoira. Who acts in
a becoming manner. As raBies from raPio.
Procax. Dumesnil : ' Brazen-faced, shameless,
impudent.' From proco, to ask, beg. ' Extrava
gant in demand : ' Ridd. ' Properly of a harlot,
who says constantly, Give me, Bring me : ' For-
cell. (2) Or, which is much the same, from pro-cio,
i. e. provocans, challenging, forward, as parlens,
parens. (3) Wanton in the manner (irpoicbs) of a
fawn.
Prôcella, driving storm. ProceUo.
Procello, drive forward. Cello.
Prôcëres, the leading men. Anciently beams
jutting out of the wall, says Varro. Procer from
irpoe^í, M. irpoex^lp, Tp°xhp- ^S KïXiji, Celer,
Celëres. (3) Qui gerit se pro i. e. prœ aliis. As
paGiscor, paCiscor. (3) From irpii and xépas.
Whose horn is set up on high. Psalms : My horn
PRO
shalt thou exalt : In my name shall his horn be
exalted. UpoK(pr]s.
Procerus, tall. As Numenis, Humerus from JE.
vófiop, 3>p.op, so procerus from irpoex'hp M. of irpo-
fxV> jutting forth. So celeR. (a) Donldn. from
procello, procellerus, as ëWcpos.
Procestrium, a place before a castle or garrison.
Caslrum.
Prôclîvis, -vus, bending forwards, sloping as a
clivus, hill ; inclined to ; easy, i. e. of easy descent.
Prôco, Prôcor, I ask. Pro-cio, I call out to. As
Occapio, Occupo. (a) Ilpoi/cai, whence irpo'í'KTijs, a
beggar. (3) \lpoixa i- e. tV x"Pai UP mv
hand for alms. See Procer.
Prôcrastïno. Crastinus.
Procul. Pro i. e. porro, irép'pa, ab oculis. Du
mesnil : ' From prœ or pro oculis. Sometimes it
signifies a position facing or over-against, without
regard to a great or small distance.' (2) From
procello, proculi, as Facul from Facio. Said of
things driven to a distance.
Prôcus, a suitor. Proco.
Prôcyon. TlpoKÍav.
Prôdeo. Proeo, as proDest.
Prôdïgium, omen. Dïco, as ctícax : see Cicero in
Monstrum. G, as irXoKa, plâGa. (2) What one
prodigit, drives off, àiroiré/«reTai. (3) IlpoSesiecii, {«.
Prôdïgo, drive forth, cast forth, dissipate. Ago,
as proDeo.
Prôdïgus, prodigal. Above.
Prôdïtor, betrayer. Prodo.
Prôdo, give out, publish. Do, as Edo.
Prôdrômus, forerunner. GR.
Proelium, Pralium, battle. ' In Plautus, Men.
1. 3. 4,' says Forcellini, 'it is written in vet. lib.
proïlium, i. e. irptithiov, irpb rrfs ÍKt)S, ante agmen.'
As ttOIÀi, pUnio. Thus Homer : ivl nPslTs! ò/ABy
Tpáeo-o-i pj.x«r9ai ■ fir) Se Sià IlPOMAXnN • ' Tpûtriv
ITPOMAXIZEN • nPOTH tv vtxpXvr) \L\iviov é'Ae. Vir
gil: Etprsedulce decus PRIMO certamine. (2) Dr.
Jones : ' From wpíha, afoot-soldier.' But (E should
precede and not follow U. (3) Prte-eo, or pro-eo :
Freund.
Prôfânus. Procul afunis, as Profestus is Procul
à festis. Thus 'procul procul este profani,' jEn.
6. 258. Not initiated in the mysteries, secular,
common.
Prôfectò. For pro facto, as Affecto. ' It is so
for a fact : ' ' in-deed.' The compounds of Pro
vary their quantity. (2) ' Cum profectu et sine
frustratione : ' Ainsw.
Prôfectus, advancement. Prqficio.
Profestus, not holy, common. Procul à festis.
See Profanus.
Prôfïcio. Facio iter.
Prôfïciscor. As proficio.
Prôflîgo. See Fligo.
 PRO
Profundus, deep. Procul à /undo : or where the
bottom is remote.
Profûsio, profusion. Fundo.
Progenies, progeny. Gigno, genui.
Prognôstïcum, token, wpoyvatTTiitói/.
Prôgraxe, to have bawled out. Kpd(a, |o;.
Proh, Pro. For per oh ! Cicero : Proh deûm
atque hominum fidem I
Prohïbeo, hold off. Habeo.
Prôjectûra, jutting out. Jacio.
Proïn, for Proinde.
Proi'nde, therefore, hence, just so, equally. Inde.
Prôlâto, I defer. Prqfero, prolatum, carry for
ward.
Prôlecto. See Delecto.
Proies, offspring. Pro-oles, as Suboles, Soboles.
Oleo, to grow.
Prôlêtârius, a very common person. Too bad to
serve in the war, and left at home to beget prolem,
children for the state.
Prôlixus, long. Laxvs, wide. Diffusive in gifts,
liberal. Prosperous, having a large income.
Prologus, prologue. GR.
Prolubium, inclination. Lubet.
Prolûsio, prelude. Lusus. Play before the serious
part.
Prôlûvies, as AUuviet.
Prômïneo. See Mineo.
Prômissus, grown long. Mitto. Suffered to go
forwards.
Pròmitto, hold out, promise. Mitto.
Prômo, bring forth. Pro-emo, as Demo.
Prômontôrium. As trtvrris, sOntis, so pro-
mineo, prominitum, promintum. Or for promun-
torium, as reclpero, recUpero. (2) Pro monte, loco
montis.
Promtuâria cella, whence eatables promta sunt.
Promtus, drawn out, at hand, ready, &c. Promo.
Prômulgo, publish abroad. For provulgo, as Di-
vulgo : M, see on Mons. (2) Bulga, a bag : see
Mons and Promuscis. (3) npoo/noXoyû, avow
openly.
Prômulsis, whet to the appetite. ' Not given in
the place of the muhum, but before it : ' Fore.
Promus, a butler. Qui promit, brings out eat
ables from the pantry.
Promuscis, elephant's trunk. Upo$o<rKls, pro-
buscis: see Promulgo.
Prônûba, presiding over marriage. Nubo.
Prônus. From irpSsv, trpayis. Bending forward
like the prominence of a rock. (2) From irpijxV,
as pOdex from pEdo. (3) Others from rpb, as
Sttioj from inth, {uvbs from £w. Is. Voss from a
word irpaïv^s. Or say from pro.
Procemium, prelude, irpoot/uor.
Prôpâgo. From pago, pango. The branch of a
tree fixed in the earth without being separated from
m
PRO
the parent stock, that new shoots may spring from
it : hence a shoot, offspring. Pro, nijipa, at
length.
Prop&lo, make manifest. Palam.
Prope. ' Prope,' says Becman, 'pro pede, as Gr.
ITpii troSwv. So Before the doors, Gen. 4. 7. 4tX
eipats Matth. 24. 33.' (2) But rather from irporl,
/E. irpon-1, as AÍTpa, \iUpa whence liBra. E, asàjrl,
antE. (3) Riddle says, from pro, and the affix pe.
That is, Try, as Quippe, Neinpe. Or say irpi mri, a
little before : or ìrporí irn.
Prôpediem, within a few days. Prope diem, near
the day.
Prôpëro, hasten. From properm, from prope,
whence propinquus, and propinquo is 'prope esse
facio, maturo, expedio : ' Forcell. Thus also propero
in Virgil : Properet per vulnera mortem. The more
we hasten, the nearer we get. Val. Flaccus has
' propinquare magis atque magis.' (2) Forcellini
from proparo. ' I. e. ante alia paro : to hasten, get
ready.' (3) From Trpixa, JE. irp<nra, forthwith. See
on crePo. (4.) From irpo<p^pa> to draw myself
on. And ' irpo<p^peix rivà &Sov is to further one on
the road : ' Lidd. As xp6a*opos, prosPerus. (5)
Scheid from irpoiroptioi. (6) Dôderlein : ' Properus
was formed from pro, forth, forwards : as Inferus,
Exterus, from their prepositions.' ?
Pr5phëta, Prôpîno. GR.
Propinquus. Prope, as Longinquus.
Prôpïtius (or Pro.), favorable. Prope, as Fic-
titius. Who is near, at hand to us. Virgil : Prae-
sentia numina. 0 sometimes long as A in aBifaros ;
I in Italia. (2) ripm-cr^s : Ridd.
Prôpôla, retailer. IIpoirc6A7)s. So Pro is some
times long in Prologus.
Prôpólis. npó*o\is.
Proprius. From prope. Near to ns, nearly
affecting us, personal, private, one's own ; also,
what nearly pertains to our wishes or wants, suit
able. Rius, as in Contrarius, Nefarius : and Ebibo,
Ebibrius, Ebrius, whence So-ebrius, Sobrius. (2)
Isaac Voss from wptnt, niupma, to suit.
Propter. Prope, propeter, as Subter. Properly
' near : ' then ' on account of any thing,' as being
in near connexion with, or nearly concerned in.
Propyl«eum, Prôra, Prôrëta. IlpoiríXoioi/, Tlptípa,
ITpwp^TTJS.
Prorïto. See Irrïto.
Prorsa dea, proversa, opposed to Postverta.
Prorsùm, -ùs, straight on : in a word, altogether.
Proversum, as Quorsum.
Prôsa oratio, prose. Proverm, prorsa, prossa.
Which runs on straightforward, not changed from
the natural order by metrical rule.
Prôsâpia, long race of ancestors. From a word
irpòaairíTos, from &irna Macedonian for frrra. As
Adavus, Atavus. Pro long as sometimes in Pro
 PRO
logiis. (8) Xlpoaa/p^s, continuous; whence npoa-
d<paa as avvá<p(ia. â as ê in Imbecillus.
Proscenium. TlpoaK4\i>iov.
Proseda, prostitute. Sedeo, as Prostibula.
Prosëlytus. Tlpoofavros.
Prôsëro, I sow out ; sero. In some few places to
draw out, as some write Exsëro for Exero, which
see : but there are varr. 11. in them. So the
Medicean MS. of Virgil has Exsesa, Exsuit.
Proserpina. Tlfp<re<póvr), npeaípípova.
Prôseucha, synagogue. GR.
Prôsïciae as Proseda, entrails cut up for sacrifice.
Seco.
Prosôdia, accent. GR.
Prospéras. Tlpóatpopos, profitable.
P-rostïbiíla, -lum, prostitute. Prosto, prostabula ;
or prosisto, prosistibula. Standing to be hired.
Prôsura. Sum pro. As Obsum.
Prôtêlo, push forward by a continuous impulse ;
extend, prolong j draw off, repel. Protêlum. (a)
TijAt, far off.
Prôtêlum, continuous pulling of oxen under the
yoke ; continuous pushing forward of anything :
protelb, in rapid succession. Temo, temulum, tèlum.
(a) ' The continuous flight teli, of a weapon from a
sling, or of anything thrust forward like it : ' Voss.
See Perpes. (3) TijAe, far off.
Prôtervus, treading everything under foot. Pro-
tero, proterivus, as Cadivus. (a) Terreo, proter-
rivus.
Pròtïnùs, -tenus, -tïnam, directly forward : con
tinuously : far on. Pro, terms, (a) Teneo, as Con-
tinuus. (3) Or an adj. protenus from wporeyiis, on
account of protinam as Perperam.
Prôto : Greek words.
Protrepticum. Tlporpeimicóv.
Prôverbium, proverb. Pro, verbum. A word
commonly used : pro, as in Proscribe
Prôvincia, a conquered country governed by a
Roman officer ; the government of it ; any office.
Vinco. Pro, far off.
Prôvôco, challenge. Voco, call forth.
Proxënêta. Tlpo£ernTt)s.
Proxïmus. Prope, propior, propissimus, prop-
simus, proximus : See on Vix.— Or prossimus,
as ulySSes, ulyXes. — Or propinquissimus, proq-
simus.
Prúdens. Providens, protdens, prudens, as irOlyti,
pUnio.
Pruina, hoar-frost. Upaiv^i, of the morning.
' Matutinaeve pruinte :' Ov. î, as ô in persona, (a)
Peruro, to nip ; perurina.
Prima, burning coal. Uvpivn, fiery, sparkling,
whence irpiïva, pruna. (a) From peruro, for
perurina, as Ruina : A burning coal.
Prùnus, plum-tree; Priinum, plum. Tlpovptvov
in Galen. Upovvov = wpoûuvoir Alex. Trail. 4. p. 223.
125
PUL
Upoífíyn and npovuvos are also mentioned. (Steph.
701, 7994.)
Prurigo, itching. Prurio.
Prûrio, to itch, itch for, &c. Peruro, perururio,
as Scaturio. From the burning feeling.
Prjftânes, PrJ>tánëum. GR.
Ps . All words beginning thus are Greek.
Pte, as Suapte. Iïorf, tttc, as Tinrt. (a) Pole.
Thus meapte, for ' meâ ut pote est.'
Ptëron, &c. GR.
Ptïsâna, barley-broth. GR.
Pûber, -es, arrived at the age of
Pûbes. From tpol^n, hair, occurring in the Etymol.
Magn. As *OlWi«os is PUniceus. Or rather from
<poifìt)tis, <poi$ris, as àp-yt)eis, àpyfis. (a) From iriïs
Mol. of ircíïs, a boy. Bes, as Pes in Caespes : poibes,
pubes. Ad pueros pertinens. But it rather belongs
to a later period of Use.
Publícânus, farmerpublicorum, of the public taxes.
Publico, make public, confiscate.
Publïcus. Populus, populicus, poplicus, still ex
isting.
Pudenda. Ut aiSoìa ab aiSús.
Pudet. As KctTaiStu is found, we may suppose
inaiSéu like iiraitieouai. Mol. èTcoiSfu, as irAty, JË.
nOû. From VoiSe'ai was pudeo, as irOIyJ), pUnio.
U is short, as S%luhp, tïmor ; EIto, Tta ; TrElpdouai,
përior. E omitted, as 'EpfT/ibs, Remus, (a) Per
haps allied to paveo : Schw. Pavidus, pavideo.
Púdîcus, Púdor. Pudet.
Puella. Puer, puerula.
Puer. Iloîj, iráts, M. irdïp, and iróïp, puer.
Puerpëra, a woman lately delivered. Quae peperit
puerum.
Pûgœ, buttocks. Iliryoi.
Pugil, boxer. As pugnus, pugillus, so pugnus,
pugilis or pugil.
Pûgillâres, waxen tablets on which they wrote with
the stylus. Pugillus. As our Manuals from Manus.
It is an adj. in Juv., and explained 'pugnum im-
plentes,' though, as Facciolati says, Juvenal is wrong
in making U long, (a) Pugo, pungo, to prick with
the stylus. (3) XWiaaa, niirrvya, to fold. As
UTecyi, Penna. Homer uses IIuKTal for rnWra/.
Pugillus, a little pugnus, as FlagRum, Flagellum.
Púgio, dagger. Pugo, pungo. (3) As pugil from
pugnus, so pugio, as grasped by the fist. Gr.
4yX*iptàiov.
Pugna. From pugnus, a fist. Horace : ' Ungui-
bus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro Pug-
nabant arniis.'
Pugno, I fight. Pugna or pugnus.
Pugnus, a fist. Pugnus is miKvbs, i. e. the hand
closed, as kvKvos, cyGnus.
Pulcher. For pulchrus, from iroXixpovs, having
much complexion, (a) Fulgeo,fiUgicer, as Ludicer.
Pûlëgium, Pûleïum, pennyroyal. For pulecium.
 PUL
Turton : From pulex : ' For the smell of its leaves
burnt destroys fleas.' So Pliny. Called flea-wort.
Pûlex, a flea. As Cornix from Koptívy, pulex
from yi\\a for psulex : S omitted for the sound.
Pullâtus, clothed in black. Pullus.
Pullûlo, sprout out. Pullus, pullulus.
Pullus, the young of any creature. From irS\os,
polulus, poilus. Damm explains irâAos 'pullus,
maxime equinus,' and Liddell ' a foal ; in gen. a
young animal ; a young girl : iraMxhs, virgin.' (S)
Some refer it to puer, puellus; or to pupulus,
puphis, pullus.
Pullus, dun, brown. TltXAás. As "EXkos, Ulcus.
(2) Purus, purulus, as Unus, Unulus, Ullus. Said
of native wool, unwhitened by art. (3) #<ubs,
<paió\os. ?
Pulmentum, the same as puis, pultis, whence
pultimentum. Also any food eaten first with puis,
then with bread, except fish and flesh. ' So called
when bread was not used, but for it they used
pottage : ' Fore. (2) ' For pulpamentum : ' Gronov.
Pulmo, the lungs. Uveóuwv, J£. ttKcv/xwv, irevKfiwy,
pulmo, as nAÍToiK, Plato.
Pulpa. Becman : ' Pulpa is the flesh without the
bones. So called à palpitando. For it is soft and
tremulous, as Isaac Casaubon says.' Thus cAlco,
cUlcita; lAbor, lUbricus. For pulpita, somewhat
as Infimus, Inmus, Imus. (2) Riddle : ' It answers
to Gr. Tró\<t>os, allied to iròhros.' ?
Pulpamentum, delicate food from minced pulpa.
Pulpïtum. Soft for bulbitum from 0oA$4u, ex
plained by Varinus ii.tya\o$r\novS>, grandia loquor
verba. Steph. 2672. So kúBITON, Sà^ITON. Du-
mesnil explains Pulpitum the higher part of the
stage where the poets recited or actors performed
the plays. (2) From ■Ko\vnirnrov, ito\{m<nov, much
trodden upon: or from iroAií/SaTov, much walked
upon. (3) Martini understands it as a box like our
pulpit, from 0oAj8<is : ' Quia instar bulbi tumet.' ?
Puis, pultis, pottage. I1iÍa.toi.
Pulsus, the pulse, from its beating. Pello,
pulsum.
Pultârius, pan for pottage. Puis.
Pultïphàgus, pottage -eater. Hybrid of puis,
pultis, and <ptiyos.
Pulto. Pello, pultum.
Pulver, the same as Pulvis.
Pulvillus, a little couch or cushion. Pulvlnus,
-vïnulus.
Pulvînar, couch, cushion. From
Pulvînus, Polvïnus, cushion ; flower-bed as like
it ; sand-bank. @uWh, a bag ; M. tpvhXls, whence
Follis; (pvKFls, whence pulvlnus, as Incolinus. So
sylVa. (2) UáWa, a ball; M. iróWa, iriKFa, as
sylVa. (3) ' From pulvis, dust or chaff with which
it was filled:' Turt. (4) Allied to peUis: Schw.
(5) ' Swelling out like a bulbus : ' Martini. ?
126
PUP
Pulvis, dust. The ^Eolians, says Voss, said 'Oriip
for 'Ariip, (rrpOrhs for orpArés. And so dOmo from
SAuw, pOrrum from vpitrof, nipaov, vAppov, and
so cOrnus. Thus irÍKn, fine dust, became iró\a or
rixFa, polva, as v\Fa, sylVa : and polvis, much as
rurlS from 'poDpA. ' Allied to pollis, pollen, toAtj : '
Schw. (2) Becman from pulsum, from its light-
ness. ' Like the chaff which the wind scattereth
away,' &c. And in the same view, Scheid from
roxim, verso. Much as Fulvus from Fulgeo for
Fulsivus.
Pûmex, pumice. As <pslpbs, fUris, sopumex from
ìrûua, a draught, whence vaunt. As being bibulous.
(2) Soft for ptumex, (as nTewà, Penna,) from
Trrvcrua, irrigua from wriw to spit. As being
generated from the foam of the sea ; or as the froth
of liquefactions. (3) For spumex from spuma.
Pûmïlio, dwarf. Pûmilus : ú like aBavaros.
Púmílus, dwarf. Hvynri, a fist, whence irvyficûos,
a pigmy, and pugmilus, pumilus. So Stimulus for
StiGmulus.
Punctâtim, briefly. By selecting the puncia,
chief points.
Punctum, a point ; the chief point ; point of
time, moment : vote, as the name was pricked on
the tablet ; point in dice. Pungo.
Pungo, I prick, pierce. Ainsworth: 'Xtíryai, to
fix, whence anc. pugo, pungo.' Thus N disappears
in pupugi. But rather pego, pengo became pungo,
as "EA.KO?, pEUo, vEllo, made Ulcus, pUlsus, vUlsus.
(2) With iriry> have been compared irvxa, irvxvis,
irvyfi)}, ítì*Í, ttvktijs, trvyf] ; and a verb itvkw has
been supposed by Valckenaer, which would form
pungo. Liddell says : 1 TIvkvos, with iru|, vvyp^j,
perhaps akin to r^yrvjw, pango, as irt/{ certainly is
to pungo.' Riddle allies it also with pingo. (3)
UevKos, bitterness ; whence pugo,pungo, as we speak
of things pungent. But this sense is figurative.
Pûntceus, dark red. QoivUtos.
Piimcum malum, pomegranate. Punicut, as
plentifully found in Africa. ' Or because its bark,
flowers and grains were punico colore : ' Fore.
Pûnïcus, for puniceus. (2) Qoivïkovs.
Pûnïcus, Carthaginiau. Pœnus, as irOIci), pUnio.
(2) *oívi£, ïkos.
Pûnio. For pamio from poena, mari\.
Pupa, young girl, &c. Pupus.
Pûpilla, little girl. Pupa. Also, like xipn, the
pupil of the eye, as it presents a small image of the
beholder.
Pûpillus, a boy ; specially, a ward, orphan. Pupus.
Puppis, the stern. From iroiroi, the gods, their
images being painted on the stern. Ovid: Pup-
pique recurvae Insilit et pictos verberat unda
DEOS. Persius: Ingentes de puppe DEI. (2)
'EinÎTris, Vibris, sera, of 4ir<ímis, an overseer. Isaac
Voss : ' Puppis est prospectus navis, et in eâ oculi.'
 PUP
Or from àr&mis, iirómris. (3) Corrupted from
iir' òwíffa, 'iroirlaru, behind.
Pûpus, a young boy. Ainsw. from jouirais,
' valde puer : ' but the Greek means a great grown
up boy. Hence ? (2) Rather, as AÚK02 became
luPUS, and Proversa Prosa, the Mo\. ttoiSIo-kos
became poipus, mApupus, as riou/}j, Punio.
Purgo, cleanse. As Claudus, Claudico, so purus,
purico, purgo, as Mitis, Mitico, Mitigo. (2) Purus,
ago.
Purpura, shell-fish j purple. ïlop<pípa,
Purus. As Merus, Meracus ; Unus, Unicus ;
Vivus, Vividus, so putus, puterus, like Creperus,
Vesperus ; hence purus. See Obscurus. (2) Donldn.
from puto, to cut off : puterus. (3) From the nom.
irvp. Fire is pure in itself, as Pindar : irvpbs àyvó-
Tarcu wâycu. And it purifies, as in the Psalms :
Purified seven times in the fire.
Pus, corrupt matter, ïlúos as Thus.
PûsiUus, tiny. Pûsus, as mâmilla.
Pûsio, little boy. Pusus.
Pustiila, Pûsúla, pimple, blister. Pus, ' which it
contains, though said of things which do not : '
Fore. (2) íuitîjt)), bloated j <pvarii. $i(ra\ts is a
bladder, and could produce pusula.
Pûsìílâtum argentum, very refined. Pusula. From
the blisters it receives in melting and graving.
Pusus, little boy. From jEoI. wois, much as nu-
merUS, humerUS from vifiop, &uop ; and KpSr,
Crassus.
Putà, for instance. Puto. Imagine this case. A
short for rapidity.
Pûtâmen, husk. Puto, cut off.
Puteal, cover of a well. Puteus. Puteal Libonis
was a place in the Forum where usurers met : and
why it was so called Festus tells us, but fabulously
as it seems.
Pûteo, to stink, nida, to putrefy, or a word
miBtw, as \a@4cs, laTeo.
Puteus, well, pit : deep place of confinement. M.
fiodéos, gen. of PaSvs, deep. So n\aréos, Pluteus.
(2) BvSbs, depth; or 0idios, deep. (3) Tlorbs,
drinkable.
Pûtïdus, nasty, disgusting, affected, i. e. offending
the ears or eyes. Puteo.
Pûtillus, little dear. Formed from pôtus, i.
Puto. Forcelliui : ' To lop, prune ; clean ; clear
one's accounts ; consider, ponder ; think, conjecture ;
estimate.' Dumesnil : ' Puto is to think after ex
amining carefully, as by thinking we cut off the
superfluous parts of the thing considered.' Haigh
says, from <pvria, £>, to prune, from <pïnbv a plant,
shoot. This is a supposed meaning, as we say To
wing a bird, for maiming its wing: and in Joel
1. 7 : He hath barked my fig-tree. So to Hough :
and Pampino is to lop off the Pampinos. Thus
Députa, Amputa. (2) From vvBSi fut. of wciBw,
■KtiBofiai, to enquire, and so examine, see what is
to be left and what cut off. As \a&4a, laTeo. Or
from m/ffrbs, mmbs, explored, or irucrTÍto, irvffTw,
iruTTâ. (3) Caninius from pûtus. Putum facio.
u, as (prjpu, sera. (4) From KÓm-u, M. kóttu,
vÒttu, as KíKos, luPus. U, as "Oti, Uti. (5)
From xÍxtoj, tcitoto, (whence irÓTfios) : poto, puto,
cadere facio.
Putreo, Putris. Puteo.
Pûtus, pure. Tlevffrbs, irevrrbs, as Uteris, IIit-
Tis. Essayed, refined. Xpvabv irtvdoyrai ifunpol,
Theocr.
Py : All from the Greek, beginning with
n«—.
Pjftisso, to spit out, or to sip, taste, llinifa :
Lidd.
Q.
Quà, i. e. viâ, ratione. Qui.
Quadra, a square : the fourth part. Quater, qua-
tra. As Quatriduum.
Quâdrâginta, forty. Quater as Quadrifldus. And
as Quinquaginta. For ginta see Viginti.
Quâdrans, £th of an As, &c. Quadra, as: for
quadras, as Sextans.
Quâdrantal, solid square ; measure with a square
foot every way. Quadrâtus, quadrâtal, as Puteus,
Puteal. N, as in Quadrans.
Quâdrantâria res, a bath. A quadrans was paid
for bathing.
Quâdrâtârius, stone cutter or squarer. Quadro.
Quadrâta litera, in rectangular or square writing.
Quadro.
Quâdrïfïdus, cut in four parts. Quater; fido,
findo.
Quâdrîgse. See Bigœ.
Quâdrïmus, of four years, as Bimus.
Quadro, I square. Quadra.
Quâdrupes, four-footed. Quater, pes.
Quâdrûplâtor, taking or giving four times as much.
A public informer : some say, because he received a
fourth of the fine. This does not agree with qua-
druplus. Rather, because the criminal had to pay
fourfold. See however Quadrans.
Quadruplex, -plus. As Duplus, -plex.
Quae : kuI % Plural, ko! aî, «ai fi.
Qusero. 'Epca> is to ask, seek. Karepia may
have had the same meaning. Then as Providens
became Proïdens, Prudens, so xarcpû, xaepH, qucero.
(2) From xápeúoi, yEolic of xi)P^w, to be destitute.
(3) Koipco, to run, in Etym. M. under yHnap. To
run (after). (4) Haigh : ' From iretpdw, .(Eolic
Keipdw, û, to try, solicit.' But the J£. ?
Qusesîtor, judge. Quœro or quœso, quœsttum.
Examiner.
Quaeso. Qucero, quatrsum, (as Curro, Cursum,)
qucerso, quaeso.
 QUiE
Qu&stio. Quœro, quœstum.
Quaestor, an examiner of capital charges. Quœro,
I enquire. A city or country magistrate who en-
quired into the state of the treasury and the means
of supplying it. As to the use of the term under
Augustus the learned are not agreed. They were called
also ' quatstores candidati,' as they sued for higher
preferments in the gift of the Emperor. Quintilian :
Petis [or Quœris] tanquam Csesaris candidates.
Quœstûra, the office of quœstor.
Quaestus, a trade ; gain. ' Qui rem quœrunt mer-
caturis faciendis,' Cic.
Quâlis. As IMs, iEolicè Kâs; so htjXÍkoi,
kôXíkos, kôAiks, kòAi{, qualis, as tôXÍkoî, Talis.
(8) ' From quâ, as Via, Vialis : ' Ainsw.
Quâlïtas, the quality. Above.
Quâlus, for quasillus, as Velum.
Quàtn. Some say for quantum, which rather is
from quàm. Quàm is the acc. fern, relative: ad
quam rationem, in what way, &c. So Alias is an
adverb, and Unquam for Unicam.
Quàm, than. Cicero : ' Contra faciunt quàm
professi sunt.' I. e. non tarn faciunt quàm &c. So
Cicero : ' Nihil est timendum magis quàm ille con
sul.' I. e. tarn quàm, sed magis quàm.
Quamde, anc. for quàm, as Tamde. De is perhaps
Si, as Fte in Meapte is ttc as in Tiwre.
Quamobrem. Quam ob rem.
Quamquam, although. Howsoever, as Quisquis is
Whosoever.
Quamvis, how much soever. Tarn quàm vis, or
for quantumvis. ' Quamvis prudens, tamen
i. e. be you as prudent as you may, yet
although you are, yet . S\o<pa, and iptpiSpvipris from Spiirrie. The cutting
Quando. For qua endo, i. e. in qui horâ, tem-
pestate, parte. Endo is ívSov, ivló, as tpajuiS,
draco ; and our fro' for froM.
Quandoque, for quandocunque. Whensoever. At
one time or other, whenever it may be. Sometimes,
whenever those times may be.
Quanquam. See Quamquam.
Qiiantïtas, Quantûlus, Quantillus, from
Quantus. Quàm, quamtus, as Tantus.
Quâpropter, for quampr. rem. As Quasi.
Quârê : de qua re, as Quam-ob-rem.
Quartâna, ague returning every fourth day. From
Quartus. Quater, quaterus, quatrus, quartus.
(2) Téroproî, rdpros, and then quartus, as in
Quater and Quatuor. Típros, as Tpifo-efa for Te-
Tp&ireÇa.
Quasi, for quàm si: Tarn quàm si. See Quâ
propter.
Quásillus, small wicker-basket. As Mamma,
Mamilla, for quasillus from quatio, quassum. From
its shaking about, (a) Kd\a8os, calathillus, ca-
thillus, casillus, as 'hiriva for 'A&fivn ; Scifli, 8i>2 ;
our loveTH, loveS.
128
QUE
Quasso. Quatio, quatsum.
Quater, four times. From rirapa, JE. xérapa,
Ktlrepa, Karep'. Or M. Kcropa, KtTop'.
Quatio, 1 shake. KaratrtUs, Karaetu, Karreiu,
quatio. So Karaa"úu, Kaaa'iw, kottvw. (a) Do
naldson from iraTÍtra-a, JE. Kar&ao-w. (3) From
nadiw, KaBin/ii, to cast down.
Quâtrïduum. Quater, as Biduum.
Quatuor (or Qu&.), Quattuor. Tcrropes, rérope,
JE. KtTope, Kfrotp, quatuor, as /xEréu, mAneo. QU,
as inColinus, inQUilinus.
Que. As tu, Kis, Quis, so rt, que.
Queo, am able. Ko4w, queo, to know, i. e. Know
how to. Ne-quinont is an old form, allied perhaps
to kovvw, to know, (a) As 2<pd\\u>, Fallo, so o-x*g>,
queo. Thus cVo/iai, tKo/uu, seQL or. 2x«», habeo,
whence 2xv"*i habitus : To have in my power, like
?X«- (3) Contr. from Ktx*<", to attain. (4-) For
quia, quivi, from lo-x^"», Vx<í«.
Quercus, oak. Voss from xepxaXtos, hard, dry,
shortened to xtpxfos, nepxovs. From the rough
ness of its bark. Forcellini states the tree to be one
' corticis asperi.' Thus Shakspeare has the Gnarled
i. e. knotted oak. (a) Dacier : ' From icdxpvs,
an acorn, knob. The oak is reckoned by Theophras-
tus among the plants which bear acorns. Hence
KÍpxvs, quercus.' As grAssus, grEssus. (3) Mor-
land from xo'P'H^s ! its acorns being the food of
hogs. The hog-tree.
Querela, Quërïmônia. Queror.
Quernus, oaken. Quercinus.
:' Queror. From Ktpov/iai fut. of Kclpu>, to cut off
: one's hair i. e. in grief. As ò\o<pvpofíai from òXówtu,
off the hair at funerals was a common practice.
See Bp. Monk on Hippol. 102. (a) Haigh: 'From
icr4pos, a funeral : taking away T.' And that for
softness, as TrTewà, penna. (3) Cut down from
Kivipofiai to iclpojiai, whence quEror, as Equus from
the jEolic "Ikkos.
Querquêdûla, a teal. Varro from Gr. KcpictpU,
KepxtplSos, whence querqueridula, querquêdûla:
though KepKcph is no where else found, (a) Quer-
querus, cold, shivering. As bringing with it or
forewarning cold weather. Varro states ' frigidos
imbres aquae caduciter mentis Praeinnuere aquatiles
querquedulas natantes.' For querqueridula. (3)
Some understand it a heron, referring it to icepiti-
0ak\U in Hesych. I. e. querquidalis, &c.
Querquëra febris, attended with dullness and
quivering of the limbs. KapKapû fut. of xapKalpa,
' to ring or quake : ' Lidd. So Festus states that
the Greeks called nap/capos a shaking of this kind,
(a) Dacier: 'Hesych. explains KfpxaKéos, rough,
dry, thirsty ; all which agree with a fever. Cer-
chelus, cercherus, querquerus.' So napxaKtos is
' rough in the throat with thirst,' Lidd., who refers
 QUE
it to xipxàpos, sharp, which word might produce
querquerus.
Questus, complaint. Queror, querstus.
Qui. For qutts, quo*, /cal is, and he, i. e. who.
Plato : Kal is, Alfor Tìpûv, étpn- And, /cal os to
u/xfiara %<rrT\atv, So yuce is /cal ^ ; quod Ktù Ò 8è,
«al i S' ; yuí /cal oî ; </«œ /col at ; quœ «al &. Quus
seems to have been changed before consonants to
quu', as the S was elided by Ennius : Vicit Olympia,
nunc senio confectu' quiescit. Quu' became qui, as
/ieT becomes mel ; <pp"Cya, frlgo. See Ibi. (2)
Kal 6 in Xenophon. (3) The old rbs, Mol. nbs,
quos. See Que and Quis.
Qui, abl. For quoi, as oÏkoi, iroî.
Quia. Arnold : ' From an obsolete plural ques,
to which quibus belongs, as Tres, Tria.' (2) Koírt,
Koín, why, Herod. 1. 30. Answering to Quippe for
Quidpe. Thus : ' I drink : why ? I am thirsty,' is
equivalent to ' I drink because I am thirsty.' The
A short as in Putá ; but in Virgil it is always long.
The use of Quianam as Why is confirmatory. (3)
For qud viâ; or /cp, kçì, quai, quia. ?
Quicumque, -nque, whoever. For qui aliquumque ;
aliquùm answering to aliquando ; Who at any time.
Que is /rp or ice. So Utcunque.
Quid. As Que is Te, Ke, and Quis is Tis, Kir, so
quid is rl 8*, KÍV. So Quod is /col i 8è, /cal i ô".
Quidam, some one. Aliquisdam. Dam is Ô" hv,
as musaM. So Quondam.
Qutdem, for aliquiddem, as Quidam ; dem as in
Idem, Pridem. A qualifying particle, like toi i. e.
rip, and like Aliquatenus : ' I must allow to a cer
tain extent, in some degree.'
Quies, Quieo. -esco. Keio> or /ceie'aj, allied to
Kftuai, and Karoucfiut, KaKKela.
Quin, why not ? Qui ne, i. e. qui non ? Also for
quiane,&% 'Non quin ipse dissentiam .' Quin
often answers a supposed objector : ' Why not ? it
is so, nay, nay more.' Thus ' Quin potiùs aucta.'
So our NAY.
Quincunx, uncis, 5 ounces or quinque unciee out
of 12. Also a row in this manner, with five con
tinuous marks of ounces, as
• • • •
• • ■ •
For the mark of an ounce was a dot ; also a a>,
a A, or a y>.
Quincuplex, fivefold. Quinque, plex as Triplex.
Quingenti, 500 : quinque centum.
Quini, five each. Quinque, quinqueni, as Septeni.
Quinquâginta, 50. See Quadragiuta.
Quinquatria, festival of Minerva lasting five days.
Quinque. Festus says, as celebrated the day after
the 5th of the Ides of March.
Quinque. lièvre, JE. Tréuirt, /ceju/ce.
Quinquennis. Annus.
129
QUO
Quintilis, July: fifth month from March. Quintus.
Quintús. Quinque, quinqtus.
Quippe, for. For quidpe ; why ? Thus ' I drink, be
cause I am thirsty,' is the same as ' I drink, why ?
I am thirsty.' Pe is irn, quodammodo: as in Nempe.
See on Quin. (2) Arnold for quiape. ?
Quirinus, Romulus. Quiritinus, as the head of
the Quirites, Romans. (2) From the people of
Cures of whom he became king. (3) Kîpos,
power : which would suit the name also of ' Janus
Quirinus.' (4) Ovid from the Sabine quiris,
spear : ' Sive quod hasta quiris priscis est dicta
Sabinis.' Wachter compares quir with wer, war.
Quïrîtes, Romans : singular Quiris. From Cures,
the Sabine town with which they coalesced. (2)
Curis, a spear: see Quirinus. (3) Quirinus, Ro
mulus.
Quïrîto, I ask the aid of the Quirites, or of any
Roman.
Quis. Tis, JE. kIs. As Te, Que. So 2/ciAAa,
Squilla.
Quispiam. Quis is ris : 80 that the whole is ris
ni? in. N, as musaM.
Quisquam, any one. For aliquisquam. Quam for
aliquant like Alias, Unicam Unquam, &c. (2) For
kji &v. Or Knv, Kav.
Quisque. Quis is aliquis, any one whatever. In
Homer, eS uiv r%s S6pv 8nt.áorQu>, Clarke translates
tis quisque. Que is /cjj. (2) For quiscunque, like
Quicunque.
Quisquïliae, rubbish, riffraff. Liddell : ' KoítkvK-
uaria : Lennep from cr/cúWœ. The Lat. cusculium,
quisquilium, -a>, seems to have the same origin.'
Viz. a word ko<tkv\Iov, -at. (2) Quisque. All
manner of things.
Quisquis. Quis quis, ' who who,' as 3<ros, i. e.
is Ss. So Quotquot, Ubiubi, Utut, Undeunde. The
French reduplicate in Bonbon.
Quivis, for quisvis, aliquis quem vis, any one you
choose.
Quo, whither. Like Eò.
Quoad, for quodad. So Quocircà.
Quod. Kal i 8'. See Qui.
Quòd, because. Ellipt. for propter quod, as i for
Sici, Eur. Hec. 13.
Quondam. At some time ; some time past. For
quumdam, formed like Quidam. Quum is for aliquùm,
answering to aliquando.
Quôniam. For quom-jam, ' whereas now.' So
Etiam is Etjam.
Quoque. For quoique, like oIkoi, and of, whither :
' And to which be added.' O short for swiftness, as
in quási, dâbam, &c.
Quorsum, to what end or place. Quoversum.
Quot, how many. See Tot.
Quotannis, Quotïdie. In as many years or days
as there are. ' Quotquot eunt dies' Hor.
 QUO RAT
Quoties, how often. Quot, as Decies. being a long ramus, branch. And a hernia, as this
Quotquot. Like Quisauis. is from (pvos, a branch. And the veins of the
Quotus, how many : what in number, as Quota lungs and breast. ' Ramorum instar diducuntur : '
hora. Quot. Fore.
Quum. See Cùm. Ramnes, Rhamnes, Rhamnenses, one of the three
first centuries of Roman Knights : also the whole
R. order of Knights. Perhaps from Rhamnus, which
was both a village of Attica and a port of Crete.
Rábïdus, Rabies, from The former was important enough to give the name
Rabio, Râbo, to be mad as a dog. From rapio, of the Rhamnusian Nemesis.
or àpiraâ, panda : From mad dogs seizing everything Ramus. Much as 'EpeT/xiis, Remus, is ipap.vos,
in their way. B, as liBer. (2) Allied to bd(a, to 'páfivos, 'p&n/ios, ramus. So our Rice from Oriza :
bark: Ridd. and Ò2TS, oSSa. (2) From báSafivos.
Râbo, token. For arrhabo. Râna, frog. Rava, hoarse ; ravina. (2) Rauca,
Râbûla, wrangler, brawler. Rabo, to be furious, raucina.
as Merula, Radula. Seneca: Rabiosa fori jur- Râna, swelling in the tongues of beasts. Above.
gia vendens. (a) 'Vd(a, to bark. ? (3) Râvus, So Párpaxos is used.
hoarse. ? Ranceo. As Lactis from riKaicros, and Tpá-
Rabulâna pix, for ravulana (see Rabuscula,) from irefa for Ttrpdwffa, so ranceo from a word /to-
rava, approaching to yellow. Some read radulana : payKÍa, formed from p.ep.dpayKa pf. of pLapalva, to
taken off by a radula from casks. wither, decay. (2) Scheidc from fraceo, fraNceo.
Rabuscula vitis, in Pliny. Harduin conjectures Rancïdus, affected. Ranceo, as Putridus.
ravuscula from ravus. But V, says Forcell., often Ranunculus, crow-foot. Râna, as Gr. Parpdxioy.
passes into B. Rapax. Rapio, as Fugax.
Racëmus. It means sometimes a grape or berry ; Raphánus, radish, &c. GR.
sometimes a bunch or stalk of grapes. From bàÇ, Rapïdus. Rapio, as Gelidus. From torrents
baybs, a grape-berry. C, as pnaTla, misCeo ; pa- dragging all before them. The Greeks say pipupa
Ciscor for paGiscor ; fraCes. The termination as in from j>itrrw.
'EBeAtj/uos, "Eprj^os, Extrêmus, Volëmum. Râpîna, robbery ; from
Radio, to cast out radios. Rapio. From panda, transposed from àpTraâ,
Radius, rod ; beam ; spoke ; shuttle, as terminating ipirdaa. As 1(tko> becomes Scio, and conversely
each way in a point ; thorn ; cock's spur; long or ^o<p€o), òp<p4ù>, Sorbeo.
oblong olive. 'VdfiSos, biSSos, (as our suBtle is Rapto. Rapio, raptum.
pronounced suTtle,) radius, as &\Aos, alius ; ad-rTu, Râpum, Râpa, turnip. 'Pdirus.
satlo. (2) From pdffîiov, as yeCpON, nervUS. Rârus, thin; scarce. From 'paths, 'pifos, i. e.
Radix, root. Voss : ' From bdSi^. But báStÇ is àpaiòs ; as whs, nuRus ; fiovtrdaiv, musaRum. So
a branch or twig. True : but, as the higher part diRimo. The first syllable dropt, as 'Eptrubs, 'ptr-
of a tree spreads out into branches, so the lower p.bs, Remus.
part into fibres and little branches.' Radicula how Rastrum, rake, harrow. Rado, rasum, as Clau-
ever would have been more appropriate. (2) strum. (2) 'Patariip, ' a breaker, smasher : ' Lidd.
Perott ' à radendo terrain.' (3) Radiix from radius, Rfitâriae, lighters. ' Having the form of the
as Matrix. As long or oblong. Rdidix, radix. ratis : ' Fore.
Radix, radish. As its root is what is used. Ratio, thinking, reasoning, planning, purpose ;
Above. reckoning, valuing, estimation, regard, proportion ;
Râdo, graze, rub, scrape ; glide along. As Reus judgment, reason, cause. Rear, ratus.
from Xpéos, Laena from X\a?va ; so XP&">< ra0> an^ Râtis, a quantity of timber, and formerly of osier,
raDo, as biDens, proDest, proDeo, SAap. See roDo, reed, &c. stitched together for floating. Thus Pliny
truDo, clauDo. (2) From xai"^a<""' ^u'- x™P"^€t,,> says : ' Etiamnum in Britannico Oceano VITILES
Xpabâ, rado ; or from perf. mid. KtxàpàSa. naves corio CIRCUMSUTjE sunt: in Nilo ex pa-
Raia, ray, skate. 'Apatà, 'patà, thin. pyro et scirpo et arundine.' And thus Virgil has
Ralla, thin fine garment. Rara, rarula. (2) ' sutilis cymba,' M. 6. 414. Isa. 18. 2 : ' Vessels of
Rado, radula. bulrushes.' Hence ratis (as from bd$Sos is báSSos,
Rallum, ploughstaff which scrapes the earth from Radius,) is from fiairrbs, (larrbs, stitched. IS, as
the share. Rado, radulum. vnPp02, imbrlS. (2) As Ros perhaps from Ap6-
Râmâle, a useless ramus. <ror, and rirííTiris, Tussis ; so ratis from Spârbs,
Râmentum, chip, filing. Rado, radimentum. II. \fi. 169. Made of pealed bark or hide.
Râmex, rail or bar set across a pale or gate, as Ratîtus, stamped like a ratis.
130

Ratus, thinking; thought, determined, &c. Rear,
ratus, as Seror, Satus.
Rauca, worm injurious to roots. Ratio, radica,
radca ; or radix, radica, radca ; and (for the sound)
rauca, as the Cretan avxày for &\icàv, French aUtre
for aLter ; as aDbiter for aRbiter, &c.
Raucus, hoarse. Rams, ravicus, as Teter, Te-
trus, Tetricus; and raucus, as aVIceps, aUceps.
(2) Kpavyii, whence KpavyáÇa, to croak.
Raudus, Rôdus, Rûdus, (as Claudo, Clôdo, Clûdo,)
ëris, copper or brass, wrought or unwrought. They
say from rudis, but why the A ? Rather from ravus,
tawny, whence ravidus, as Vivus, Vividus : then
raudus, and subst. raudus, eris. ' In a pure state,
copper is a very brilliant metal, and is of a fine red
color. By far the most common copper ore is the
Pyrites, which has a fine yellow color. The metal
called brass in sacred and profane history, and
which was employed for the purpose of money, was
in fact the copper of modern times : ' &c. Enc.
Brit. Thus Rufus is red, reddish, tawny.
Râvus, hoarse. As Cado, Cadivus ; Protero, Pro-
terivus, Protervus ; so rado, radivus, or rasurn,
rasivus, ravus: Speaking in a scraping, grating
manner.
Râvus, tawny. As Xdpires, Xpd'ires, Grates ; so
^apojrbs, xpaoirbs, xpàirtís : Aí'xm'ï'tAO becoming in
Doric aìx^vrâ, (Matthise). And, as XAatya, Lama,
and leVis from Aellls, xpo*^* could become ravus.
See aVerrunco^
Re—. See Retro.
Reapse, in very deed. Re edpse; pse, Gr. ife,
whence ipse.
Reâtus, the state of the reus.
Rëbïto. See Beto, Bito.
Rëcens, fresh. Re-canus, says Donaldson, (2)
Rather recentis is for recendis, (as sponTe, aTque,)
from recando. Fresh furbished and renewed. Re
centis may be even shortened from recendentis. (3)
Re, and xatybs, new. (A) 'EpUaiyos, as iplSri\os.
Hence 'pUcuyos. (5) The form, says Maittaire, of
the Latin C and the Greek C, is the same. And
this identity may possibly be applied to the case
before us. Hesychius explains ipafiets by yeapbs,
the Greek term by which Forcellini explains recens.
'Epo-íicvros, èpffrivTOS (like àpyfïevTOs, apyyyros,)
being transposed as Rapio from 'Apiraâ and Scio
from "ItTKia, becomes resentis, or, with the writing
above mentioned, recentis. This, however, is novel.
Rechamus, ' a truckle or pulley used in drawing up
water, from pwxubs scissura, i. e. per quam orbiculi
inseruntur : ' Ainsw. And Bald, in Lex. Vitruv. :
' Lignum illud crassum, et in medio fissum excava-
tumque, in quod orbiculi cum suis axiculis inclu-
duntur.' Or from a word faxp-is ; A added as I in
mina. Or ^Tixaubs as xvpa/íós.
Recinium. See Ricinum.
131
REF
Rëcïpëro. See Recupero.
Reciprocus, alternate. Recipero, to take back
again ; recipericus, recipricus, and, for fuller sound,
reciprocus. (2) But some think CI here added as
in Concipilo, Incitega, and possibly Recipero : from
re, proco to beg.
Rëcïto, call back to memory, say by heart ; &c.
Cito.
Rëcôlo, bring to my remembrance. Colo. Cul
tivate afresh.
Rëcordor. Cor, cordis. To take to heart, and
so often think of. Ainsw. : ' Cum affectu cordis
reminiscor.' Gellius 18. 7, has: Isti versus quos
habere cordi et MEMORISE opérai pretium esse
puto. So Vecors. We say, To learn by HEART.
Rëcreo, recruit. Creo, make afresh.
Recta, a tunic worked with the distaff by one
standing recto, upright, (whence Gr. arfiuay,)
whereas some were worked by persons sitting. And
recta cœna, was one given in proper order and
arrangement and with the due number of dishes,
while the Sportula was mean and given indiscri
minately.
Rectus, stretched out straight, direct, right on,
not crooked, correct. Curvo discernere rectum,
Hot. Rego.
Rêcûla, a little thing, res, as Spécula.
Rëcûpëro, Rëcïpëro. Recipio, recipere, recipero :
and U, as linens, lUbens. So Considero, Desidero,
Tolero. (2) Re-paro, repero. CI, as in Concipilo.
See Reciprocus.
Rëcûso, I refuse. Hold back and plead causas,
excuses. So Incuso.
Rëdamo. D from T in retro. So Redigo, Redeo.
Reddo. Retrò do, ret-do.
Rëdemtor, contractor. Emo is to take; and re
denotes the return of profit.
Rëdïmio, bind, crown. For redimicio, whence
Redimiculum. From amicio i. e. amjicio, to cast
round. D as in reDeo. (2) Soft for redipio from
apio, to bind. M, as 0nxor, soMnus. (3) From
re-am-eo. (4) Ae'/ia-
Rëdïtus, yearly return of profit. Redeo.
Redivia, Reduvia, whitlow. Like Redivivus, for
rediluvia, from luo : ' When the skin is in a state of
resolution about the nails : ' Turneb. Some, says
Festus, call it reLuvium. So it means fragments of
shells ejected by the sea, as in a state of resolution.
And the remnants of food in the teeth.
Rëdïvïvus, springing up again. Who redit, re
turns to that state that vivat, he lives.
REDO, a fish in the Moselle. Probably a Gaulish
word.
Rëdundo. Like Abundo.
Rëfello, refute. Fallo, which in Gr. atpdWu is
to upset. (2) ' Fello is to suck the breast ; refello
to spit out, respuo : ' Fore.
 REF
Rëfert, it matters. For relfert, as Reddo. It
has a reference to. (2) Arnold for rei fert, i. e.
ad rem confers. Key for remfert.
Rëfertus, stuffed. Farcio.
Refractârius, refractory. Fraclum. As we say
Fractious.
Refrâgor, oppose, vote against. Frago, srango,
as Refractârius. (2) Re-suffragor.
Refriva faba, for referiva, which some read :
because, says Pliny, it was customary ' fabam è fru-
gibus reserve auspicii causa.' yElius doubts, says
Festus, whether it is that which ' prolata in segetem
domum referatur,' or that which ' refrigatur, q. e.
torreatur: ' for refrigiva.
Rëfûto. See Futilis.
Rêgaviôlus, wren. Rex, regis; avis.- King of
birds, Gr. fiaaiXiaicos.
Regia i. e. domus, palace. Regius.
Regilla vestis. ' From regia, Nonius. Worthy
of a king : ' Ainsw. (2) Forcell. from recta, which
see. Rectilla, recilla.
Rëgïna. Rex, regis.
Rëgio. From rego. Districts being under the
command of reguli. (2) ' Regio, regio viarum, i. e.
recta, point to the primary meaning of rego, to make
a straight line : ' Donldn. Thus Cicero : ' Qui tan
talum de rectâ regime deflexerit.'—The part lying
è regione, out of any district or country, is opposite
to it ; hence è regione seems to mean over-against,
in face of. Riddle thus : ' In a straight line, straight
forward.'
Rëgius, Regno, Regnum. Rex, regis.
Rëgo, properly to stretch out any thing straight,
move it in'5<Wes,
yOSóvT€$, a straight line,; from
Dentés òpéya,'perfibs,
'Eperjitbs, 'péyoi, Re
(as
mus,) to stretch forth i. e. in a straight line, as
Arrectus is like opexris. So Erigo Erecius, Por-
rigo, Surrigo Surgo, and Rectus as in Rectâ via,
straight on, all show this sense. Then to make to
move straight on, as horses, ships, &c, to guide,
direct, govern. Thus, says Gedge well, from evBtis,
iflòs are cvdivu, iBvvai, in the sense of rego. (2)
From Spx<"> P^Xa' r^9°> r^9° ■' Dut this is a secondary
sense.
Rêgìila, square or ruler by which things (reguntur)
are carried straight on. As tëgo, têgula.
Rêgûlàris, according to rule. Above.
Rêgulus, a little rex, king.
Rêïculus, Rêjïcûlus, worthless. Rejicio, as Virgil
has Reice for Rejice.
Rëlâtîva nomina, relative nouns, as Qui, Is. Re-
lâtum. Referring, or carrying the mind back, to
what goes before.
Rëlëgo, banish. Lêgo, to send.
Relicïnus, drawn back, as Frons relicina, made
bare or open, when the hair is drawn to the top of
the head. Lacio, to draw ; relicio, as Elicio.
132
REP
Rëlïcuus : for reliquus.
Rëlïgio, Rellïgio. For retligio from retro, ligo.
A religious or other scruple which arrests and keeps
us back from doing what we wish. Lactantius :
' Hoc vinculo obstricti et religati sumus, unde reli-
gio nomen accepit ; non, ut Cicero, à relegendo.'
(2) These are Cicero's words: ' Qui quae ad cullum
deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent, et tan-
quam relcgerent, dicti sunt religiosiJ (3) From
relacio, relicio, to draw back, as prodiCium, prodi-
Gium.
Rêïïquia:, remains. Reliquus. E long as I in
Italia, or for retliquiœ, relliquiœ, as it is also written.
From retro.
Rëlïquor, am in arrears, owe reliqua, what re
mains.
Rëlïquus. Liquo, linquo.
Rêmex, ïgis, rower ; remum agens.
Rëmïniscor. See Memini.
Rëmora, a fish which sticks to and retards a ship.
Moror.
Rëmulco, tow a ship, pvfiov\KÛ.
Rëmûria, days sacred to Remus.
Rëmus, oar. ^perfibs, 'per/ibs, as intlvos, Kftvos.
Retmus, remmus, remus.—Dumesn. from ramus. ?
Rênes, kidneys. Allied to ippévts by Riddle, who
allies the sing, rien (in Plautus) to lien. (2) As
Lien from Atibs, so rien from pt'ìos, a stream :
' From the perpetual flow which moistens it, of a
serous humor : ' Becm. (3) As the kidneys are
two in number, one on each side, rimes (soft for
riëres: as in mceNia,) may have been fancifully
formed from 'pirjpts i. e. dptrjpcs êraîpoi in Homer.
Compare Sororio.
Rënîdeo, to shine ; have a shining face, smile.
Nitidus, nitideo, nideo, as Avidus, Avideo, Audeo ;
Gavio, Gavidus, Gavideo, Gaudeo. (2) Nífai, vévïSa,
to wash, make clean and spruce, allied to Niteo,
Reniteo.
Renuo, deny. See Afao.
Reor. As <ppiÇo/uu, to think, is from Qpifa, to
say : Le. to say to oneself ; so from èpéa>, to say,
might be ipéofícu, 'péo/iai, in the sense of and as the
origin of reor. (2) But all have recourse to res,
rei. To compare thing with thing. Thus Dr.
Johnson defines To think, 'to compare things.'
Sipontin understands reor, I judge a thing to be
(rem) a reality. Perott says : ' Id puto quod res
est.' Becman makes it, To be occupied about a
thing. Home Tooke mysteriously explains it, ' I
am thing-ed.' ?
Rëpâgûla, barriers. Pago, pango, to fasten.
Rëpëdo, go back, pedem retraho.
Rëpens, sudden. From f>4ira>, vergo. ' For a body
tending downwards does so all on a sudden, as in a
pair of scales. So Gr. (v j>oir^, in a moment : '
Voss.
 REP
Rëpërio, I find. See Aperio.
Rëpëtunda;, i. e. pecuniae, extortion. Re, over
again.
Repleo. See Impleo.
Replum, a term in Architecture much disputed.
Baldus says it is ' Tota ilia valvarum pars quae inter
impages tabulam totam interiorem replet.'
Rëpo, I creep. "Elirai, repo, as 'Apiraâ, Rapio.
Rëpôtia, banquet on the day after marriage, or
the seventh day. As the put us, potation was re
peated.
Reprsesento, I make present, lay before you;
paint to the life ; do anything at the pr< sent time,
pay with ready money ; anticipate. Prasens.
Rëprehendo, I reprove. So Corripio, Juvenal j
and Gr. (inKafx^avo^iai.
Repto, creep. Repo, reptum.
Rëpìidio, reject prse pudore, for shame.
Res. As XAaîva makes Lsena, so res, rei from
Xpéos, a thing. (2) Xpîjiriî, the use of a thing j
here the thing used, like XCÍM0- (3) 'Kiow, a
saying, for a thing said, and a thing in general, as
j>rma is used Luke 2. 15. "Eiror, (says Brunck on
(Ed. T. 1144,) rem: a sense frequent in Homer.
Plautus .- Feci dicta qua; vos dicitis. (4) Rei from
rear. A thing thought. (5) From j>i£w, to do ;
hut?
Rëses, restdis, sluggish. Sedeo.
Rësïduus, remaining. Sedeo. Sit still and keep
back.
Résina, rosin. 'PtjtiVij, and hence fa<rlin\, as
Stjtís for T7)T€S, &c.
Rësïpisco, repent. Sapio.
Restauro. See Instaura.
Restïbïlis, unintermitted. Resto, abilis, to con
tinue.
Restinguo. See Evstinyuo.
Restis, cord, cable. Resto. Make anything
tight and firm. (2) Allied to pvaTá(w, to drag, as
f>Yfiov\Kos, rEmulcus. 'Pú<rrr)s.
Resto. Re-sto, as Disto.
Retse, trees or shrubs on the banks of rivers ;
and Reto, to take such away. From retio, irretio,
as entangling boats, and making it necessary to
have them kept clear. (2) From 'prrriu to hinder.—
Wachter from the Northern ried, our reed.
Rëte, a net. Wachter well from j>va, to draw.
That is, from j>m6v. Which may be dragged along.
A drag-net. E, as rEstis from ^Timjs, rEmul
cus from pYnovhKÓs. (2) From piirro!, ^Íttío, (see
on Radius,) to throw ; as SÍktvov from Sikm to
throw.
Rëtiârius, a gladiator who threw his retis, net
over the other.
Reticulum, network. Rete.
Retinaculum, cable. Teneo. As Verna, Vema-
culum.
133
RIG
Rëtrïmentum, dregs. Tero, tritum, as Detri-
mentum. Remaining after the olives are bruised.
Rëtrò. Arnold says : ' Re has in many com
pounds the meaning of Forth ; thus Redoleo, to
smell forth. It thus becomes a strengthening pre
fix. Doderlein thinks, that, as such, it is possibly
the Gr. 4pi—.' But, what shall be said of redeo,
revertor, &c. ? and of retrò, of which re appears an
abbreviation ?—though relrb could be from re, much
as Con, Contra. I suppose there was a word retrus
or reter, corrupted from 8 fi' éVepos, the other, the
reverse, the opposite, as in crêpai/ or €irl flSxepo
rpmriadat, compared by Stephens with tV ivavriar
òSòv Tsopeveo-Bai in Polybius, and with the Lucretian
Commutare viam retrbque reverti. "Zrtpos, Stephens
further says, often means Diversus, as opposed to
ó avrbs, the same. Retrò could be at once from
t£ fi' èríp<f. And may be an adverb of motion, as
Quò, Eò. (3) From 'prjTiiai, ipr)TÍu, to hold back :
E being short from frequent use, as dâbam, quasi,
statini. So also <pHpa, fëra.
Retrorsum. Retroversum.
Rëtûro, I open. See Obturo.
Rëvîmentum, fringe. Vieo, to bind.
Reus. As XAoîyo, Lsena, so reus from xpe'or, a
trespass, sin ; also a debt, due. Hence rem, a
person impeached and the impeacher or plaintiff;
also a person bound to pay. (2) From res rei.
Cujus de re agitur. Cicero : ' Reos non modo
appello eos qui arguuntur, sed de quorum re discep-
tatur.'—In a civil process also, reus is used. Voss :
' Quia ejus res i. e. causa agitur. Res enim notat
causam seu litem.'
Rex. Regent, regs.
Rha, rhubarb. 'PS Dioscorides.
Rhadïnë, Rhapsôdia. Gft.
Rhamnusia, Nemesis. From Rhamnus in Attica.
Plin. 36. 5.
RHEDA, a carriage : a Gallic word.
Rheno, a thick garment made of skins. 'Piv&s, a
skin. (2) From the river Rhenus, Rhine. As used
by its borderers.
Rhëtor, Rhêtra, Rheuma, Rhinocéros. GR.
Rhinthon, a contemptible fellow. Properly, one
Rhinthon, a Tarentine poetaster, a coutemptible
fellow.
Rh— : all other words so beginning are Greek.
Rica. Dacier: 'From /Sí'kos [or poët. ^eîicos]
which Hesych. explains (à/ia, Çairq. So that rica
properly meant a head-band, and was so applied to
kerchiefs, diadems, mitres : and then to a mantle
covering the head.' (2) Rejicio, re'icio, reicio in
Virgil. A head-band, thrown behind the back.
Ricmum, Ricinium, Recinium, Reicinium, a wo
man's short cloak. Rejicio, rejicinium. Servius :
As thrown behind the back. Varro says it was
double, and one half of it was thrown behind.
 nie
tRícïnus, the tick in dogs, &c. For rodicinus,
from rodo canes. As Sultis for Si vultis.—It also
means the palma Christi : but ?
Rictus, opening of the mouth in a scornful
grin ; the whole of the mouth and jaw thus open.
Ringor.
Rïdeo, I smile. Renideo, as Si-vultis, Sultis j
fieyÁ\a, jtcÍAa.
Ridica, vine-prop. 'Epeí&a, 'ptiSte, ridica as
Manica. So 'Eper/ibs, 'perfibs, Remus.
Rîdtcìílus. Rideo.
Rïgeo, jilyéu, to be stiff with cold. Others from
*4<pplya perf. of <pplaaa>, to be rough, to bristle.
Rïgïdus, stiff, &c. Rigeo.
Rigo, I water, wet. As Lâtus soft from TlAiros,
and Laena from XAaiva, so rigo for brtgo from
jSpe'xw. Thus some derive Rugio from BPvxao/uu.
I as it\Ek<o, pllco ; G as Xuttìi, Gutta. (a) From
£úa{, a/cos, a mountain-stream, whence fvaici(a,
pvaxtâ, contracted to fivita, rigo. ?
Rïma, cleft. 'Prjyua, rigma, rima, as JE. (pvpfMxa,
formica ; 'per/íbs, rêmus.
Rïmor, pry into. Look into the rimas, chinks.
Ringor, grin like a dog. 'PiKyovfiai, am wrinkled ;
rienor, rincor. ' To have the nose wrinkled,'
Fore, who adds that it is said also of trees wrinkled
or chapped by the cold, (a) 'Ply, the nose.
Ripa, bank of a river. From pty, bnbs, acc. (Sua,
a willow-twig. As planted with osiers. Statius
has Ripœ arundineae. (a) From iptlica, contundo.
Whence a word ipeMÌi, Ipima, 'puicii, M. 'peiirà, as
XÚKos, luPus. Thus ripa will answer to à/rri), the
shore, from iyvvpit, to break. Or from tptiira>, to
fall, whence iptinoy, fragments. (3) From btirì),
impetus. From the rapidity of the current beating
against the shore. (4) Dumesnil from béiru ■
' The declivity of the ground bordering a river.'
But?
Riscus, a coffer. "PIctkos.
Rïsus, laughter. Rideo.
Rite, in due form. Ritus, old abl. ritue.
Rîtus, a rite. From p7)rbs, as /íHy/ia, rima;
fiip/Mica, formica. Thus in the form farols yipturi,
with prescribed or specified prerogatives, (a) From
pxnbs, flowing, i.e. in a regular order; allied to
bvBfibs, order, method, rhythm.—Or fivrbs, kept,
preserved, as formed from ivo/xat. Euripides :
apxalov vhnov trwÇovtra.
Rîvâlis, found in Wots. Rivales, who got water
from the same brook ; and as this produced ill-will
about the carrying or using it, it meant rivals or
competitors. Some say, from the changes of a river's
course interfering with the property of others. Or
from wild beasts using the same stream. Nonius
says of it as rivals in love, 'dérivantes in unum
amorem.'
Rîvus. From btias, feìFos, poët. for p4os, a
ROS
stream, as S«>s, diVus. (8) From £úa|, as à\wir-n(,
àiáAinjf, vulpeS.
Rixo, to bicker. As ipcr/ibs, 'peT/ibs, Remus ; so
ipi^a, Vif», fut. of ipl(a>. (a) Ringor, rixum.
(3) Rixa from pri(is, rupture, i. e. schism, as iraO<m,
Pausa.
Rôbïgo, Rûbîgo, rust, mildew. Robus, red. Dr.
Johnson defines rust ' the red desquamation of old
iron.' (2) 'Póiros, dirt.
Rôbïgus, a god who drove off mildew. Above.
Rôbur. Properly, the red or scarlet oak : then
anything made of oak or hard as oak. From robus,
red, allied to ruber, rufus: much as juTAa became
mOla ; and flTpa, M. <f>Tpa became fOris. (a) From
bia, juivvv/ii, to make strong. Voss: jEol. ôû&os
i. q. pu/iot. Dumesnil defines it ' oak of the hardest
kind, heart of oak.'
Rôbur, cell for culprits. Dacier: As formerly
made of strong oak. Above.
Robus, red. Allied to ruber and rufus. See on
Robur.
Rôbustus, strong. Robur, as Omissus.
Rôdo, I gnaw. Ainsw. from rado. Rather, as
%pát», Rao, Rado, so xPa"a> '"audo, rodo, like
Raudus and Rodus ; Cauda, Coda ; Claudo, Clodo.
Xpaiv is to graze. See D also in Trudo, Ludo.
Rogo. As Rapio from 'Apjraiî, so rogo from bpyâ,
to yearn or long for, to be eager, and so to desire
anything of another, (a) From Spoya perf. of
òp4yo/Acu to desire, might be a verb òpoyèía, òpoytò,
'poyœ, rogo.
Rogus, funeral pile. As dOmo from SAfiZ, so
rogus from pay^s as in nvpop'bayfc, bursting or
splitting in the fire, or from òaybs, taken in
this sense. Servius says : ' Rogus dicitur, cùm jam
ardere coeperit.'—Morland : ' From pwyii fissura, or
b&t, bwyis: as the pile was made of cleft wood.'
(a) Hall from rogo : ' For, when a dead body was
placed on a funeral pile, it was customary to call upon
the departed spirit by name.' For rogatus, like
Servatus, Servus. Virgil: Manes ter magna voce
vocavi. But thus rogus should be rather a dead
body.
Romphaea, Ronchus. GR.
Rôrârii, light-armed troops. Ros, roris. ' Pre
ceding the regular troops, as dews often do a storm
of rain,' Fore. So Varro : ' Ante rorat quàm pluit.'
Dew-beaters, says Dumesnil.
Rôrâtio, a blasting of vines by the fall of a cold
dew. Ros.
Ros, dew. From povs, a stream, (so vice versa
ros is used for water, as Qui rare puro Castaliœ
lavit, &c), as niprOTs, myrtOs. (a) Contr. from
Sp6<ros : much as Rigo from BPe'xw, Laena from
XAaiva, Lactis from T\ìktos.
Rosa, rose, rose-tree. Contr. from poSovao-a.
I.e. the rose-plant. So Pinus from the adjective
 ROS
■Ktrvïvhs, and see Pampinus, Cornu. So French
Jour, Journée from Diurnus.
Roscïdus, dewy. Ros.
Rosmarinus, -um, rosemary. Horace : marino
rare. Ovid : ros maris. Gregory : ' It grows
naturally near the sea, and perfumes the air far
from the land.' But why ros? Rosa by corrup
tion ? Ainsw. says, as nourished by the sea dew.
Rostrum, beak. Rodo, rosum, as Rastrum. Pliny
has Corvi rodentes. Beak of a ship ; and a pulpit
in the Forum, as adorned with the beaks of the
ships taken from the Antiates.
Rota, wheel. From /5o0û, to rush with impetuosity,
from the act of revolution ; or to make a loud noise
or din, from the effect of it. T, as AttOe'oi, laTeo.
(2) From -ropS, transp. porâ, as Mopípà, Forma.
From ToptS is ropeia, turning, and Topvòus, to turn
round with a lathe.
Rôtundus, round as a rota, wheel. Well-rounded,
full.
Riibellio, roach. Rubellus, reddish, as Gr.
ipvBpîvos.
Rúbeo, am red. 'EpvBéa, M. Ipvtyéw, 'pvipta,
rubeo, as 'Epçrpbs, 'peTfibs, Remus : and as
am Bo.—Others from ruber, rubrus, and this from
ipvBpbs, ipvippbs, 'pvtppós.
Ruber, red. See Rubeo.
Hûbëta, a bramble-toad. Rubus. Pliny says
they live only amoág brambles.
Rubia, madder. Rubeo. As red, and used by
dyers.
Rùbïgo. See Robigo.
Rubrica, red earth. Head or title of a law, as
written in red letters. Ruber, bra.
Rubus, bramble or blackberry bush. Rubeo.
From the color of its fruit, says Turton after Pliny.
(2) 'Pcìnf*, bombs, a bramble ; much as (pCipbs,
fûris.
Ructo, eructate. As 'Eperfibs, 'perfibs, Remus ;
so tpcvKTÛ, 'pvKTœ, ructo.
Rûdectus, full of rudus, rubbish. As Humectus.
Rudens, cable. As Torrens i. e. amnis, so rudens
i. e. funis, making a loud rough noise.
Rúdïmentum, the first (rude) raw essay. Ains-
worth understands it ' prima disciplina quae rudibus
committitur.' Or from rudio the same as erudio.
Rudis. As Vireo, Viridis, so ruo, ruidis, rudis.
So ruo, ruina. In a state of ruin, dilapidated, (as
2 Kings 19. 25 : To lay waste fenced cities into
ruinous heaps;) and thus composed of rubbish,
without form, rough, unwrought.
Rudis, rod, foil, spattle. Forcellini understands
it as ' rudis virga,' i. e. impolita. (2) As xA/iti>s,
hUmus ; kAAo^os, cUlmus ; so from òá&Sos, fidSos,
rudis, much as 'peTMbs, rcMus ; ÏKKos, eQUus. Is,
as oju/3p02, imbrlS.
Kudo, said of the sound of various animals. As
135
RUM
Rugio from 'pvyii i. e. aipuyri, so rudo from àpvai,
'piw ; whence ruDo, as raDo, roDo, luDo, truDo,
&c.
Rûdus, eris, wrought or unwrought brass. See
Raudus. Hither also some refer its sense of rub
bish, shards ; but this seems rather from ruidus
from ruo, as Vividus, Frigidus : made into a sub
stantive.
Rûfus, red, reddish. Written also ruffus : ipvBpbs,
M. êpvtppbs, 'pvippbs, 'pvtptpás. See Ruber.
Rûga, wrinkle. 'Purls is a wrinkle, and pWbr is
wrinkled, from bba, traho, contraho, to contract.
Wachter brings ruga from (ib(a, a wrinkling. This
word I do not find, but there seems to have been a
word bi(a, typiya, whence pvyii, ruga. (2) From
bpvaaa, 6pvya, fodio : as applied to the holes made
by wrinkles.
Rûgio, roar as a lion. 'Clpv-rh, 'pvyii, a roaring ;
much as tper/ibs, 'pe-rp-bs, Rêmus. (2) Bpíx»,
/SejBpûya.
Rúïdus, rough. Ruo, as Gelidus. See Rudis.
Ruina, ruin. Ruo.
Rûma, -men, a dug. Ainsw. ' from frío/iat ; as
drawn in suction.' And Festus : ' Rumine trahunt
lac sugentes.' (2) 'PeDp.a, a slowing down.
Rûma, -men, throat, gullet. From (ibfir), a course,
tract. That is, a passage or canal for the food. (2)
'Pfú>a, a flowing down. I. e., where the liquid
flows down. (3) 'Pvofuu, to draw. ' The hollow
part of the throat drawn in by sucking in the
breath:' Turt.
Rumex, sour dock or monks' rhubarb. From
fieiiua, a looseness of the bowels, which it causes.
(2) ' Rumo, to suck. See Ruma. As they sucked
its juice to quench thirst : ' Voss.
Rumex, a weapon like a Gallic spear. It resem
bles, says Turton, the root of the rumex above.
Rumina, the tree under which Romulus and
Remus hung to the wolf's dugs. Rumen. See
Ruma.
Rûmïno, to chew the rumen, cud ; i. e. to bring
back the food to the mouth. Hence to bring back
things past, reflect.
Rumor. On Ma. 8. 99, ' Ergò iter inceptum
celerant rumore secundo,' Heyne says : ' Rumor à
ruendo : ruitur enim seu eruitur aqua remo, adeo-
que ex impulsu strepitus oritur.' As Fragor from
Frango. Ruo, ruimus, (as Alo, Alimus, Almus,)
ramus, rumor. (2) From a word pv/ibs like pv/ti),
' the force, swing, rush of a body in motion, im
petus : TTTtpíyuy pvuìì, the rush of wings : ' Lidd.
(3) From bev/ia, a flow. /Elian : Siir\oûs M towtois
ôirop^ieî xóyos. Horace : Manat per compita rumor.
—Or from the sound of flowing water. (4) From
pufij), a street. Noise made in the streets, ' per
compita ' above. (5) From 'pvyubp, M. of 'pvypbs,
i. e. wpvypbs, a bellowing : as 'P^ua, Rima.
 RUM
Rumpia, for Rhomphœa.
Rumpo. As Ad/iipofiai, in the sense of A^o/uu,
is from \da, (whence A<£jJoyuai,) \d$a, Adufiu, Kdntyw ;
so from biw (whence fiv&TdÇu) could be formed a
word biirrai, whence could be rupo, rumpo, much as
frago, fraNgo. To drag down with violence, and so
Overthrow and break, as ruo in ruina.
Rumpus, a branch by which vines are plashed
together. Rumpo. As broken off from a tree to
he transferred elsewhere, whence it is called also
Tradux.
Usina, javelin. Ruo, ruina, to lay prostrate.
Runa was used by Venantius from the Celts for a
Runic letter.
Runcina, a plane or saw. 'Pvxdrn, whence ' run-
cina, as TpuTánj Trutina : ' Lidd. And N, as in
laNterna.
Runco, weeding-hook. 'Ptryxos' a beak. As
being curved.
Ruo. As in Obruo, Diruo, Eruo, to throw or pull
up or down. It is also, as in Irruo, to throw oneself
forward, haste, rush. From j>iw, whence hxrritu,
to drag, drag along violently. (2) 'Opovu, 'poia,
ruo.
Rûpes, rock. From rupo, rumpo. Cliffs were
said to be abruptœ, prœruptœ. So f>ii£ allied to
Qftywfu, and Cliff from Cleave.
Rûpex, Rupico, a clown, with manners rough as a
rock, rupes. See Petro.
RQpIna, a place full of crags. Rupes.
Rursum, -sus, back, back again, again. For retro-
versùs, retrorsùs. As Prorsus is Proversus.
Rus. From 'povpa i. e. &povpa Voss derives rura,
as fiOTffa, mUsa. This &povpa he means for the
first declension; but Nonn. D. 1. 289 uses ípovpov,
pi. &povpa, rura. Thus Bdrepa plur. was formed
before sing, ddrcpos. Even from àpoípas could be
ruris, as KâFas, lapIS ; i<rflj)j, vestlS. The initial
A dropt, as 'AMo\yca, Mulgeo.
Ruscum, -us, a prickly shrub of which brushes
were made. ' From ruscus : from the carnation
color of its berries : ' Turt. This ruscus is not found,
but may flow from russus, russicus as Tetricus,
Unicus.
Ruspor, scrape as a dog, or root as a pig. As
from Súa> was Siirrta, so from biu, purr-rdfa, could
be (SÚtttûj, jSúifoi, jtfyoficu, whence rupsor, ruspor.
See Ruo, Rumpo, Rutrum.
Russus, of a red carnation color. 'Poii<rios or say
bovo-cios. Palsephatus has bovaaaios. I vanishes
as parlens, parens.
Rustïcus. From rus, as hoXìtmós.
Rûta, rue. 'Put^.
Ruta, ôrum, things eruta, extracted from the
earth, as gravel, sand, chalk. ' Ruta csesa ' is ' et
ruta et cœsa ; ' cœsa being tree?, planks, &c. Hence
' ruta ca;sa ' are ' moveable goods.'
136
SMP
Rutâbûlum, coal-rake, &c. Ruo, rutum, to root
or tear up, pull to pieces. See Rutrum.
Rutilo, to shine. Rutilus.
Rûtïlus, explained by Festus ' rufus, russus, ruber,'
&c. "EpvSos, redness ; whence fpvSvKos, 'pvBvKos,
rutilus, as \a@4u, laTeo ; tidxpTnti, lacrlma. Or
tpvBpbs, red, whence ipvBpvKos, and the R dropt for
softness, as flagRellum, flagellum. Thus Rufus,
Rufulus.
Rutrum, mattock. Ruo, ruilum, rutum, to root
up. And an instrument for stirring up sand and
lime for mortar.
S.
Sabbatum, sabbath. 2ct/3/3aTo».
Sabulum seems to be a comparative term between
itself and Arena, and (as Sto, Statum, Stabulum ;
Pasco, Pastum, Pabulum,) to be from sero, satum,
for satibulum. Arena, says Facciolati, is thin and
barren ; sabulum is more thick and moist, and more
fit for producing seed. (2) For samulum from
tydniios, sand. As hyMernus hyBemus, and sca-
Bellum from scaMnum. For S, see on Sitis.
Saburra, sand for ballast. Sabulum, sabulera as
Patera.
Sacchârum, Saccus. 'Zdnxapov, ardxitos.
Sâcellum, chapel. Sacrum, as Flabellum.
Sâcer, sacred, consecrated, given over to the gods,
accursed. As à\bs, Salis, from àytpbs formed from
Hyos whence âytos. C, as misCeo, sanCio. (2)
From sacio, whence sancio, and sanctus.
Sácerdos, priest. Dos a termination as Pallidus,
Viridis, &c. Others from do : Qui sacra dat.
Sacrïlëgus. Qui sacra legit, steals. Vel quae
sublegi &c. Virg.
Sœcùlum, Sêculum, an age. As Forcellini states
that the former is the undoubted reading, it will be
best deduced from alà>v, œCum, as aircos, speCus,
and as /SpaxííîN, brachiUM. S prefixed, as in
'AAtoj, Saltus ; 'A{ok, Saxum ; E?Soj, Sidus. Ste-
culum being a diminutive. (2) Those who write
sêculum derive it from sequor, for secuculum, much
as Miraculum. Age following age. And Riddle
from secus. Others seco, secaculum. A section of
time, as Tempus from rc/iâ. (3) Turnebus says
on the Lucretian Secla ferarum : ' He follows not
so much the received notion of the word, as its
derivation from ikos, a fellow, comrade. The
Aspirate is a thousand times turned into S, and L
and K are transposed.'
Sajpe, often. 'Es àeí ìrji, 'ffathry, srepe. ' In a
manner always.' EiVmI and êtrvuìv are found. lip,
pe, as in Nempe, Quippe, &c. (2) Scaliger : ' A
rustic word. For, as (sœpes) a hedge is thick, they
expressed Often by the thickness of a hedge.'

TluKvbs is both thick and frequent. And Rarò,
seldom, is ' thinly.'
Sœpes. See Sepes.
Saeta. See Seta.
Saevus. Soft for skievus, from trxaihs, harsh,
inhuman. See Memor. V, as \aibs, laeVus. —
Dumesnil from ' <re/u>, <rtio>, furo.' ?
Sâga, witch, i. e. wise woman. Sagio, prœsagio.
Sagax. See Sagio.
Ságêna, fishing-net. %a.yi\vi\.
Sâgîna, meat for cramming animals, and the
place. SíÍtto), fut. aâyâ, to cram.
Sâgio is to have a quick or acute scent or feeling
of any thing. Sagire, says Becman, is ' sentire
acute.' And sagus is one who has this acute sense,
from dirìjs jEol. of t;k))s, sharp, as explained by
Hesychius, and found moreover in àfMpíiKris : â/rì)j,
whence Sâms, Signs.• S prefixed, as in Saltus,
Saxum, Sarcio, Sidus. G, as irAtíKo, plàGa. Sagax
with â, as ï in DIco, Dïcax.
Ságitta, dart. 'AkíÇw, whence à/cior};, ò/ciot-ò,
òiciTrà, as tHtis, t/Ttij. Acuminated, pointed.
Hence, (as "AAtoj, Saltus,) sacitta, sagitta, as
TpioKoyro, triGinta. Voss compares 'Axea'ra, Se-
gesta.
Sagmen, vervain, herba pura. 'Ayiw, or rather
its derivative sacio, whence sancio; sacimen, socmen.
As Ago, Agmen.
Sàgus, -um, Sâgulum, soldier's cloak : a&yos.
Sal, salis, salt. *AAî, a\bs, as'EJ, Sex.
Sâlâcon, Salâmandra. GR.
Salapitta. See Alapa.
SaUuy salmon peel. Salio, like Salmo.
Sálârium, salary. Sal, salis. Malone : 'Salt was
a part of the pay of the Roman soldiers.' Forcell. :
' Salt was a necessary part of the stated allowance
of meat.'
Sâlax, libidinous. Salio, as Rapax. Varro : ' Cùm
equus non posset adduci ut saliret matrem.' (3)
2<iAos, the rolling of the sea. Ex libidinosis corporis
MOTIBUS. (3) Sal facit salaces : Ainsw. ?
Sâlebra, a;, rough places. Salio as Vertebra.
Over which we have constantly to jump.
Sálii, priests of Mars. Salio: Capering as they
carried the sacred bucklers. Livy : ' Salios per
urbem ire canentes carmina cum tripudiis solennique
saltatu jussit.'
Sâlio, I leap. As à\bs, Salis, and ÍAAoí, alius,
so Saaw (whence itWo/iai) salio.
Sâliunca, a species of valerian. In Dioscorides
1. 7, we find in Saracenus's Edition àAiovyyía,
whence saliunga, as 'A\bs, Salis : and saliunca, as
misCeo.
Saliva, spittle. Sal, salis, as Cadiva. From its
saline nature. (2) 2la\oy, sialiva.
Sâlix, willow. As a\bs, Salis, so (in Theo-
phrastus), selix, and salix, as pZvéi», mAneo.
137
SAN
Salio, I salt. Sal.
Salmacïdus, briny and sour. Made up of a\p.i\,
brine, (as 'AAbs, Salis,) and acidus. See Tritavus.
Salmo, salmon. Salio, salimo, like Sermo. We
speak of the salmon leaps.
Sâlôpygium, wagtail. 2c£\or, motion ; iruyi), the
rump.
Salpa, Salpinctes. GR.
Saltern, Saltim, at least. As Viritim, so salvus,
saluus, saluitim, saltim. I. e., salvâ hac re, with
this salvo or proviso. (2) Donatus from the cry of
captives : Give me salutem, life, if nothing else.
(3) Sin autem, sautem, and saltern, as conv. aT/cà
for àA/cà, French aUtre from aLter. (4) As SckA,
decEM ; í»tA, septEM; oStE, autEM, so saltern
from ctAA' aim, &Wre ; S prefixed as in Saltus. (5)
'AAAà Ti/f, à\Xriiv : At least thus. (6) Sit alteram,
or si ulla tamen. ?
Saltus, grove. Riddle says, from &\<ros. Rather
from &\tos, ' after the correction of Koën in Greg.
220: from which form is Lat. saltus:' Coray in
Steph. 1900. "AAtis also occurs Pind. 01. 10. 55.
For S, see on Saxum. (2) From salio, saltum.
But animals do not skip about in woods.
Sáluber, healthful. Salus.
Salum, sea, &c. ScíAos.
Sàlus, safety, health. 2áos, safe.
Sâlûto, I wish health to. Salus.
Salvia, sage. Salvus : from its salutary qualities,
according to the old line : Cur moriatur homo, cui
salvia crescit in horto ?
Salvus, safe, whole ; and Salveo. Salus, salivus,
as Cadivus.
Sambûca, sackbut ; drawbridge. GR.
Sambûcus, alder-tree, of which the sackbut was
made. Above.
Samia, a kind of cake. The best were made in
Samos, and offered to Juno.
Sancio, I decree. For sacio (as fraNgo, taNgo,
fiaNBiyu,) from àyiâ fut. of àytÇai, to make sacred
or inviolable, establish on sacred grounds. Thus
sanctus is holy. S and C as in Sacer from âyos.
Sanctus, made sacred, decreed. Sancio, which
see.
Sancus, the Sabine name for Hercules. Probably
by a short pronunciation for Sanctus.
Sandalium, sandal. GR.
Sandápïla, bier for the poor. From acc. traviSa
irv4\ov, a plank or board of a chest or coffin. ' For
the latter was made of planks or boards fastened
together : ' Voss. The U omitted, as I in Parens
for Pariens. (2) With S added, as in Saxum, &c.
from h/ra iruAâv, as placed before the doors of the
dead : as in the Alcestis, wvKav irdpoiSe, 98. inl
tpOiTÛv iriÍAatî, 100. inl vpodvpois, 101. Or iaavra,
'ffáirra irv\wv.
Sandârâcha, Sandix. GR.
s
 SAN
Sanè, truly, indeed. I. e. sanâ mente, soberly,
discreetly : or sanus is whole, entire, without re
serve.
Sanguinârius, blood-thirsty, from
Sanguis, Sanguen, as Pollis, Pollen. Riddle thinks
it allied to sanies. Rather from sanus as opposed to
sanies. Sanus, sanicus, as Unus, Unicns ; Teter,
Tetricus ; and sanquus, as unlCam, unQUam ; in-
Colo, inQUilinus. Then subst. sanguis. (2) Is.
Voss states, that, though it may seem strange, it is
deduced from aîua. Now Dr. Todd says on our
word Drivel, that it 'seems to have come from
Drop by successive alterations, usual in living lan
guages : Drop, Drip, Dripple, Dribble, hence Drivel.'
Could sanguis be an instance of this ? For, as
<riWcu became aaau, and ris became ms and Quis,
alfim-os or oTiitos could become hamquis, and (as
akbs, Salis,) samquis. Then for softness sanguis as
priNceps, and sanguis as unGuis. Or aluarrów (i. e.
crrd\ayiia, oray/ia, &c.) Mol. vùuaKÒtv might produce
fiamguen, samguen, sanguen, sanguen, for Rosa,
Pinus, Pampinus, Cornu seem formed from the ad
jectives. (3) Becman states it belonged to religion,
and deduces it from íyiov i. e. aXua. N, as deNsus,
taNgo, &c. But ?
Sanies, gore. As 'S.iiutpov for Tiiuepov, Sìjtís for
T^tcs, 2nX/o and TtjXÍo, (inTírri and reSina, 2i> and
Tti, and perhaps Sonus from Tóvos, so sanies soft for
tSnies from ravabs, fine, thin, as Suidas explains
totoC^t) by Keirrovipri. Thus Celsus remarks, ' Sa
nies est TENUIOR sanguine.' I, as /xoxAyi, ma-
china. (2) Sanguies, sanies. ?
Sanna, a wry mouth made in scoffing. From
(firms, used by Cratinus for uapós. (Photius.)
By which we behave foolishly to others, or by
which we make fools of others. (2) From aaiva,
ream, to shake ; here, move about the lips in deri
sion, as the hands also were used : Persius : ' Nec
manus auriculas imitata est mobilis albas.' NN, as
meLLis from iteAi.
Sâno. Sanum facio.
Sanquâlis avis, an ospray, as under the protection
of Sancus.
Santonïca herba, wormwood. From the Santones
in Gaul, where it grew.
Sânus, sound, whole. 2óos, as irAe'oj, pleNus.
Sâpa, new wine boiled down. Sâirâ fut. of crfaw,
' to ferment,' Lidd.
Sâperda, some fish. HavtpSns.
Sapiens, wise. Sapio.
•(•Sapînus, Sappinus, the fir-tree. Ainsw. says,
for sativa pinus. /But it is used also of the lower
part of the fir and without knots. Hence ?
Sápio, from <ratpfû, fut. of aarpíÇa, whence Siaeret-
<pi(a ' manifestum facio,' Steph. To give a clear or
manifest smack or flavor. Or, as said of the taste,
to distinguish by the palate, as Dr. Johnson defines
138
SAS
To taste. P, as purPura, prosPerus. (2) Donldn.
compares aorpós. (3) 'Oiris, juice. ?
Sâpo, soap. Sctxw in Paul. .•Egin. iairiíyiov
Schol. in Theocr. ' Sdirav Trail. 1. p. 2. Ad Lu-
cian. 2. 320 : ' Steph. ccccl.
Sapor, relish, savor. Sapio.
Sapphïcum carmen : Sapphïrus. GR.
Saraballa, a Persian garment. 2apa/JaAAa Sep-
tuag. Daniel 3. 21.
Sarcasmus, sarcasm. GR.
Sarcïna, ' from sarcio, is prop, a fardel, a bundle
sewed up : ' Dumesn. Or made of pieces botched
and patched.
Sarcio, repair, patch. 'Apriâ from àprlfa tó
complete. S prefixed as in Saltus, Saxum. C, see
in Saucius.
Sarcophagus, tomb. GR.
Sarcùlum, hoe. Sarrio, sarriculum.
Sarda, ' a kind of tunny caught near Sardinia : '
Lidd. Sardinia is in Greek SapSd. Sarda is also
a cornelian, 'first found at Sardis:' Fore. In
Greek aiptiov. Sarda is in Pliny also a kind of
chalk, and an onion : perhaps of the same origin as
the above.
Sardîna, -nia, ' a kind of fish from Sardinia : '
Fore.
Sardôa herba. "SapSáa.
Sardônius risus, sardonic grin. ^SapSdyios, 6vws,
(ívtos.
Sardonyx, Sargus, Sarissa. GR.
Sarmadacus, mountebank. A very late word.
' Acron on Horace Sat. 6. 1. 113, seems to say that
there was one Samarda who used to trick the people
in the Circus : hence fortune-tellers were called
samardaci or samardici : ' Fore. By transp. sarma-
daci. (2) IxLpubs in Hesych. and Suid., a heap of
earth. Answering to our Mountebank.
Sarmentum, lopping of a vine. Sarpo, sarpi-
mentum.
Sarpo, I prune. "Apirn, a sickle, as àxbs, Salis.
Hesych. has àpirâuat, to use a sickle.
Sarrâcum, Sarâcum, Serrâcum, a kind of waggon.
Dacier will have this word the same as soracmn, a
basket, and aiipaKos ' a chest or basket ; a barrow
for carrying wood upon : ' Lidd. This sense of
barrow gives it some countenance. We must say
then that soracum became corrupted in quantity
and spelling.
Sarrio, Sario, I weed, rake. 2apS>, sweep,
clean.
Sartâgo, frying-pan : motley, mixture. For sarco-
tago, from aàpt, ffapicbs, flesh ; M. rcura, to melt.
A flesh-melter. (2) As Craticula is a gridiron from
Crates ; so for sarmentago from sarmentum, a twig.
Twigs wattled together, &c.
Sartus, patched. Sarcio.
Sas, Sos for has, hos ; from hs, oSs. Sum is used
 SAT
for ' hunc,' which is 8v ■/ : therefore sum is iv
simply, as Homer uses is for He. Compare Sic.
Sat. For satis.
Sâtâgo, I am busy. Sat quod ago ; have enough
to do.
Sátelles, a body-guard, &c. Answering to Stipâ-
tor from Stîpo, to stuff, press close, hence to accom
pany. Cicero brings satellites and Stipatores in the
same sentence. From airrm, to stuff. The second
T disappears in Satis. Elles, much as ellum in
Suellum, and eUa in 9bch\a.
Sâtias, Sâties : from
Sâtio, I satisfy. Sottw, as HAAoî, aLIus. (3)
£ath.
Sátior, better. Satis. More sufficient, more
satisfactory.
Satis, enough. From satio. (2) From &Sos,
satiety. As í£ov, Saxum ; and airovAfj, sponTe.
Sâtisdo, give enough security, give bail. Satis do.
Satrapes, satrap. GR.
Satur, stuffed ; fertile ; saturated. Satio.
Sátûra lanx, filled with various fruits. Satura
Jex, embracing various particulars. Satur.
Sàtureia, the herb savory. ' Quia saturât,' Voss.
As used for stuffing, or saturating food with its taste.
(2) For Satyreia from the lascivious Satyrs. ' Col-
ligunt ex Ovidio et Martiale esse incitatricem Vene
ris : ' Fore.
Sâturnus, Saturn. Jamieson : ' Our fathers, says
Macrobius, called him from aiBri, veretrum. The
Goth, safer is synonymous with <rá9r).' (a) Varro
from sâtus, a sowing. He is represented with a
reaping-hook, and a handful of ears at his feet.
Sâtûro, I fill full. Satur.
Siitus, sown. Sero, sëtus, satus, as Reor, Ratus.
Sátyra, Sâtïra, a satire. ' It was twofold. One
famous for the open censure of vices : the other for
the variety of subjects and of measures of verse.
One is referred to the Satyrs from their wit and
raillery, or as treating of obscene topics, or as
anciently the Satyrs were introduced : the other to
satura, a medley : ' Fore.
Satyrion, Sâtyrus. GR.
Saucius, wounded. For sautius, as preCium for
preTium, nunCius and nunTius, induChe and indu-
Tiae, infiCise and infiTiae, oCium for oTium, &c.
And, as HAud from oiF, and as AUrichalcum, so
sautius from oSrios formed from ofrreeu, to wound,
as cilrios through ahia from oireai. S prefixed, as
in Sarcio, Saxum.
Sâvium, for Suavium.
Saxum, rock. As Saltus from "AAtoj, Sarcio
from 'ApriS, Sidus from ETîos; so saxum from &£ov
acc. of S|oj, which last was a Cretan word (Steph.
Byzant. in Steph. Thes. 1060,) for ày/ibs, a rock or
rocky place. Hesychius explains àynol by àwofyû-
yts rupes (from rumpo, as Virg. ' prayuptis saxis ').
139
SCA
Homer has xaria^e, fregit, and Aristotle kìto^is, a
fracture. From ï£oe (as oîi/ON, vinUM,) is saxum.
(2) From (títtu, (a. Quod onerat, as &(air, Axis,
is Qui fert. ' Immani pondère saxum.' Um, as
^paxtoN, brachiUM.
Scabellum, a little bench. Scamnum, scamellum,
as Flagrum, Flagellum : then scabellum, as hyBernus.
Scâber, rough, &c. Scabo. Scratched and clawed.
Scabies, roughness; scab, scall, itch, and hence
excitement. Scabo.
Scàbo, I scratch. 2fcâ0û fut. of a-KÍirra, I dig,
as Fodico is from Fodio.
Scabies, roughness. Scaber or scabo.
Scaeva, omen. Scarva, left, on the left hand.
Scaevïtas, perverseness. Scœvus, left-handed,
awkward.
Scaevus, left. Sicoibs, as lasVus.
Scâlae, ladder. Scando, scandula, scala, much as
Vexillum, Velum. Virgil : Scalis ascendere muros.
Scalenus, Scalmus. GR.
Scalpo, cane. As 2 is added in arfiiKphs, CKÍirrai,
so y\à(pw, (ry\Á<piû, <ryd\tpa), scalpo. So y\v<pw,
Sculpo. Or, as iaypáipw is found, so iay\á<pa>,
*ffy\â<p<t) ; ê(ry\i<p(ú, 'ffyXixpu. (2) SkcÍAAw, I dig.
Scambus, bow-legged. GR.
Scamelli, steps on the pedestals of columns.
Scamnum, as Flagellum.
Scamma, Scammônia. GR.
Scamnum, steps, stool. Sk^ttio, to lean on,
whence <TKr)imvbv (as atcrtniiviov), Dor. iTKairavby,
scapnum, scamnum, as daMnum, soMnus.
Scandalum, stumbling-block. GR.
Scandiâna mâla. ' Pliny says they are called from
one Scandius, as Manliana, Matiana. Hence they
are wrong who derive it from Scandia in the N.
Ocean : ' Fore. :
Scando, climb. Scado, scando, (as frago, fraNgo ;
tago, taNgo, and as in ffxiSSaXov,) from axaSâ fut.
of <ricáÇw, from a climber representing the motions
of one who limps. (2) Haigh : ' From o-koBH, JEol.
of trwaBw from ttith), a spattle or comb, to which a
ladder bears some resemblance.'
Scandula or Scindûla, a lath. The latter from
scindo. The former reading from scando; 'one
lath mounting above another, as in the roofing of a
house : ' Voss.
Scàpha, Scâphë, Scâphium. GR.
Scapula, shoulder-blade. From andipri, 'any
thing dug or scooped out,' Lidd. Though the
Greeks call it i/xowKdrri, yet certainly the scapula
forms a little hollow or cavity. (2) Becm. from
scâpus. (3) 2/ieV<a>, to protect. i
Scâpus, stalk or stem ; anything in its form.
Liddell : ' Xxairos, Dor. for (TKrjiros, ffK^trrpov, Lat.
scapus, Hesych.' ' In columns modum : ' Fore.
Scârábeus, beetle. SnópajSor.
Scárïfo, Scârifïco. 5Kapi<f>».
 SCA
Scârùs or Scarus, char-fish. 2/cápos.
Scâteo, bubhle or flow forth. As 2neiriá> transp. is
Specio, so araytw, staceo becomes scateo. Srayéa
fut. of (ttìÇw to drop. C, as /iioTea?, misCeo.
Scaurus, Scâzon, Scëlëtus. GR.
Scëlus. From crxiWai, o-kíàcD, to parch; hence
to warp ; as from perf. 6tkoA.ii is <rKo\ibs, twisting,
crooked, unfair. Hence scelus is a warped, perverse
state of mind. Thus Pravus is crooked and de
praved. ' Crooked ways,' Psa. 125. 5.
Scêna, Sceptrum, Sceptûchus, Schëda, Schëdios,
Schéma, Schïdiœ, Schisma, Schœnobâtes, Schœnum,
Schola. GR.
SciatTcus. For Jschiadicus.
Scilicet, you may be sure, surely, &c. For scire
licet, as we say To wit, i. e. to know. So Videlicet.
Scilla, Scimpôdium. GR.
Scindo, I rend. For scìdo, (as frâgo, fraNgo,)
from irxiSw fut. of <rxKa-
Scindûla. See Scandula.
Scintilla, spark. 2iriyflj;p, JE. truivBiip, acc. trKiv-
6i)pa, sciniherula, scintella, (as Puer, Puella,) scin
tilla. So Spelunca from acc. <nrli\vyya.
Scio, I know. As Sudes from "TaSos, Rapio from
'ApiraSi : so scio from IffKw, <tkÍûj. *\aKtv 'ÍKaffros
àvi)p is explained by Liddell ' fancied like, imagined,
supposed ; ' and hence it could mean to believe so
firmly as to speak for certain. For thus iiriVra/iai
' is in Herodotus to be assured of a thing, believe ;
but in Attic to know for certain, know well : ' Lidd.
So says Brunck conversely : ' Non tantùm Scio, sed
etiam Puto, apud Herod, saepissimè.' (2) "l<rx",
considered as éxo>, know, understand.
Scïpio, a staff. %kIvwv.
Scirpus, a rush without a knot, inápupos, a dry
stalk or straw. %itpl<pos, eiciptyos, scirpus.
Sciscïtor, I enquire. Scisco.
Scisco, from scio, as Hio, Hisco. I know ; also
enquire that I may know well or better. So Scitor,
Sciscitor, as Cognitio is used for hearing that we may
know and judge. And Gr. àvayivÁanu, to read, is
very similar.
Scisco, I vote, decree. Scio. I know the merits
of a case, and give my judgment of it. So yivátrica
is to know and to decree : ' to examine, hence to
determine : ' Lidd. (3) Sancio, sancisco.
Scissus, rent. Scindo.
Scïtâmenta, dainties. Scitus, exquisite.
Scîtor, I enquire. See the first Scisco.
Scitum, ordinance. See the second Scisco.
Scitus, knowing, skilful ; skilfully or cleverly done,
exquisite, fine. Scio.
Sciurus, squirrel. Xnlovpos.
Scobs, scobis, scrapings, sawdust. They say from
scalo : but rather thus : As y\i<pu and y\i(pa> with
S prefix produced Scalpo and Sculpo, so koito from
k6ittu> produced scops, scopis, or scobs, scobis.
140
SCR
ScolSpendra, Scomber. GR.
Scôpac, a broom, &c. Perot from scobs, scobis:
'As we brush off the scobem by it.' (2) Rather,
this meaning comes from its other of a bundle of
young twigs, shoots, &c. from k6wtu, to cut, pf.
mid. KÍKuitpa, ' whence Kaxpbs,' Lidd. That is, cut
tings. S prefixed, as in 2/iiKpbs, Scarabeiis, Scobs,
Spissus : P for F, as in tePeo, prosPerus, strePo.
(3) Scheid from scabo.
Scopio, Scopus, footstalk, pedicle. As àparybs
from àpiryw, and avwyat from àvÁo-ffta, so scopio
seems to come from (rx^irra), whence cncijirrpoi>, a
staff, and incSiros, Lat. scapus. There seems indeed
to have been a word ctkwkÍwv. (2) Ainsw. says, ' à
scoparum similitudine.'
Scôpúlus, Scopus. Sk&tcXos, bkotsos.
Scordâlus, swaggering. For scorodalus from
aKÓpoSov, garlic. Salmasius : ' It means bold, for
garlic was given to gamecocks to make them fight
boldly.' Forcell. explains it ' fcetidus.' (2) Sxàip,
dung. As Coprea from n6irpos.
Scoria (or Scô.), Scorpio, ixupta, Swdprio?.
Scortum, skin, hide. As S is prefixed in truiicpbs,
Scalpo, Sculpo, Scobs, so scortum from xoprbv, cut
or drawn off. See Cortex.
Scortum, prostitute. From CKopoSco, trxopSSi, coëo,
in Hesych. T, as sponTe, sporTa. ' De viro usur
pant Plaut. et Cic. : ' Fore. (2) From scortum
above. The hide or body being all that was re
quired for enjoyment. Or they say they were
formerly distinguished by a leathern cloak. Apu-
leius calls an old scortum ' scorteum scortum,' as
being ' meretrix vieta ac deformis instar corii.'
Some add to all these reasons ' subactum ut
scortum.'
Screo, to hawk, retch. Liddell : ' Xpc^tm-ofim,
akin to XP*!"0! XP^^^K" ! compare Lat. screo.'
There seems to have been an old word xPf'w»
whence screo, as S in Scalpo, Sculpo. (2) From
the sound.
Scrïblîta, a tart. Scribo. From marks or cha
racters inscribed on it. But a better reading is
striblita or streblita from ffrpepKbs, twisted. As
Tart from Torta.
Scribo. ^Kapitpw, to delineate with a pencil ;
whence tricpicpû, scribo, as í/x*a>, amBo. (2) Others
from ypcupu. But ?
Scrinium, escritoire, desk. Scribo, scribinhim.
(2) Secerno, secemium or -ninium ; valuable things
being set apart in it. (3) Kpiva, to separate;
crinium.
Scrïplum, Scriptlum, Scriptulum, a scruple in
weight. Scriptum, scriptulum. So Gr. ypiftfm,
yptíjífíApiov. It means also a very small part of
time, of an acre, &c. But some read scrupu-
lum.
Scriptúra, tax from public pastures and woods.
 SCR
Scribo. For the renters were obliged to set down
the number of their cattle, &c.
Scrobs, obis, ditch, furrow. Scrobs, Serosa, Scruta,
like Scalpo, Sculpo, assumed S, as Gr. aumpbs,
vfidpaySos. Now ypcupu, to grave, appears to be
allied to ypótr<pos, a javelin, and indeed by the
Sicilians to have been written ypi<pa>, as arpOrbs
for (TrpArbs, &c. From yp6<pa>, with 2 prefixed,
could be scrobs, scrobis. Compare %ap<i$pa from
yafiaau, (2) For scrubs, terabit from ypcupa, as
Scobs, Scobis from Scabo.
Serosa, a sow which has had pigs. From ypo/upit.
With S as in Scrobs, for scromfa, scroffa. (2) As
making scrobes. ? (3) Donldn. connects it with
scrupus.
Scrôfiila, the king's evil. Serosa. Swine being
subject to it. So Gr. xolP^s-
Scrotum. For scortum, hide. (2) To>pirrbs,
a bowcase ; yparrbs, 2 prefixed.
Scrûpûlus, a small stone ; obstacle, doubt. Scrû-
pìílum, small weight or time. From
Scrûpus, rough stone. Hesychius explains <tku-
po>T$7 òbbs by àirÓKpoTos. "SKvpwrbs then, or ffKptorbs,
M. trKptuwbs, is scrupus, as (pClpbs, fUris ; 'XlAeVa,
"OAva, Ulna. (2) From ottipos, scrupus, may be
tTKvpacpos, as from <rxlpos is aiclpcupos. Hence
<TKpv<t>os, scrupus.
Scrûta,pl.,oldtrash. Tpirri, S prefixed. See Scrobs.
Scrûtor, pry into scruta, minute things.
SCULCATORES, spies. Goth, skiolka, to seek
hiding-places, allied to our Skulk. (2) SnoKiáÇa,
to go in crooked ways ; whence a word itkoXuxkÌs.
Sculna, arbitrator. Like Seguestris, for sequulna,
as Ficulna. (2) Seco, as Gr. Kpivia.
Sculpo. ' See Scalpo.
Sculpônese, wooden clogs. Sculpo, as Scribonius.
Hollowed out from solid wood.
Scurra, buffoon. Sic&p, dung. As Korrpias from
(cdirpos. (2) Sequor, sequurra, as Assecla, who
seconds another's whims, a parasite.
Scútâlê, sling-thong. GR.
Scutella, trencher. ' From scutra, as Capella : '
Fore. Or in the form of a scutum.
Scûtïca, leathern thong. Skútoj, hide.
Scutra, a chaffern. ' Perhaps as being in the
form of a scutum : ' Fore. (2) Or, S prefixed, from
X&rpa, an earthen pot.
Scutula, rod, roller. 3KvTa\r). Hence a stripe
or streak, and scutulata vestis, striped, checkered,
diamonded : and scutuke, diamonds, tessellated pieces
in pavement.
Scutum, shield. 2kktoî, leather. (2) The old
ctkÒw, which on Obscurus.
Scymnus, Scyphus, Scyiâla. GR.
Se, himself. 'E, as é{, Sex. So E is long in Me
from Me.
Se—, six. Sex.
141
SED
Se—, half. Semis.
Se—, separately. Seorsum.
Sébum, Sêvum, tallow, suet. Sus, suit, tuêvum,
suêbum. From the fat of swine.
Sëcespïta, long knife for sacrifice. Seco. Some
what as Csespitis.
Sëcius. See Seeus.
Sêclûdo. Seorsum claudo.
Sëco. S4a, to carve ; cseo, seco, as 'IJbi, 'lxabs,
'IoTtbs, Viscus. So 'I<tk<», Scio. And ' anivos for
{«W,' Valpy's Gr. Gr. 195.
Sëcors, Sôcors, heartless, careless. Seorsum, cor.
Sëcrêtus. Seorsum, cento cretum.
Sect a, opinion; party, sect. Sequor, secutum, as
Sector. What one follows. (2) Seco, sectum. Cut
up into discordant parts.
Sector, follow. Sequor, secutum.
Sector, cutpurse. Seco, sectum. Also, a buyer
of confiscated goods, as dividing them into parts to
sell them. Hence a seller.
Sêculum. See Sœcûlum.
Secundum, behind, hard by, in conformity with.
See Secundus.
Secundus. Sequor, sequundus. That which fol
lows, i. e. the second, as Florus : ' Primus et sequent
et tertius murus.' Also, that which follows us, and
attends our steps and our wishes.
Sëcûris, axe. Seco.
Sëcûrus, careless ; without care. Seorsum, cura.
Sëcùs. As ' close by,' from sequor, like Secundum
for Sequundum.—As 'otherwise,' from éxàí, far
from, far from the case in hand, as 'Eirrà, Septem.
But others from seco, to divide.—Seeks means also
' badly : ' i. e. far from what is right or true. Sêciùs
is ' less,' and is the same by abbreviation as sêquhit,
worse, from sequor, one who follows : as in ' Nulli
secundus ' from sequor. The E before QU can be
long, as the I in llquidus i. e. liqVidus.
Sëcus, a sex. Seco, to divide. A division, dif
ference. See Sexus. (2) Seeùs, otherwise. One
sex being otherwise than the other. (3) TeVos :
Ridd. See Sanies.
Sed and Set, but. Set is short for the old siet
from xiern : Let it be, like (Uy. Grant it, still,
nevertheless. See on Ast. Either E or I would be
chosen, as in sEcors or sOcors from sEOrsum.
Charisius and Victorinus have an old form sedum,
which might be siet-dum, as Adesdum, Ehodum.
(2) From sêd-eo, (as in Seditio,) i. e. ' eo in alia
omnia.' (3) As Se-curus, Se-cors, Se-paro, so set
for se-et. Becman : ' Se separates : as, Tu curris,
se-et ego sedeo. The action you are about is dis
tinguished from what I am doing.'
Sëdeo, I sit. From éSe'a formed from t(w, cSoy,
whence SSos. As*E{, Sex.
Sëdîle, seat. Sedeo, as (Jubile.
Sëdïtio. For séitio, as D in proDest, proDeunt.
 SED
Se for seorsum. I short, as in adítus, exttus. A
sedition is a secession, a going away, a retiring apart
so as to form a separate interest.
Sêdo, settle, allay. Sedeo, sêdi. ' Omnisque
resêdit Flatus : ' .Virg. So Plâceo, Plâco.
Sêdûlus, attentive. Sêdi, as Assiduus : ' Sitting
at it.' And honest : seorsum à dolo.
Sëges, land fit for .sowing; land sown; crop.
Sero, seriges, seges. See Strages.
*. Sëgestre, straw mat, coarse coverlet. Soft for
stegestre from ariyaffrpov. (2) Seges. Made from
straw, the refuse of corn. As Pédestre.
Segmen, cutting, shred. Seco, secâmen, secmen.
Segmentum, fringe, flounce. As Segmen. Cut
off from gold, silk, &c.
Segnis, slothful. Se-aginis from se-ago, as Secors,
Securus : Ridd. (2) For se-ignis, without fire,
cold, dull, torpid, without ardor of mind. As Sudum
for Se-ndum. (3) Haigh from iwot, prefixing S
as in Saxum, Sidus. Socnus, sognus, as kúKvos
cyGnus ; and segnus, as vOster, vEster ; then adj.
segnis.
Seliquastrum, old-fashioned seat. Sedeo, for sedi-
quastrum, as uLysses. (2) Sella, as Mamma, Má-
milla.
. Sella, chair, &c. Sedes, sedula.
Sembella, for semilibella.
Sëmel, at once. For simel, as Equus from the
jEolic "Ikkos, and sEntio for slntio. Voss : ' Things
which are done with one effort, are done simul and
semel.' Becman : ' Unà, non divisim.'
Sëmen, seed. Sero, serimen, or sevi, sevimen. As
Nomen, Numen.
Sêmestris, half-yearly. For semenstris. Sex
menses.
Sêmi—, half. 'H/«—, as é£, Sex.
• Sêmis, half. "Hjuio-u.
Sëmissis, half of an As. Semiassis.
Sêmistertius. See Sestertius.
Sëmïta, narrow path. From semi, rifu—, half, as
*E£, Sex ; and eo, itum, as in Comïtis ; or simply
from semi, or semis, fi/uav, as Navis, Navita. That
is, a lane, by-path, half a path, ' via minoris spatii,'
Becm. Like Angiportus. Martial :' Jussisti tenues,
Germanice, crescere vicos; Et modo qua; fuerat
semita, facta via est.'
Sêmo, a man deified. Semi-homo, as Ne-homo,
Nemo.
Semper. As grEssus for grAssus, semper from
'ffa/jLirepes, iffapirtpes like tiiafiweph. So itrrripos,
iaaipwv. Ainsworth simply from kprepïf, S being
prefixed as in Saxum, Saltus. (2) For semiopere,
says Scaliger : ' In continuation, as being only half
done. As Toper is immediately, as being all done.'
Rather Toper is Totâ opera, i. e. Toto conatu. (3)
As in Paulisper, Parumper, Riddle from semelper :
' Once for all.' (A) Seniper .- Schw. ?
SEO
Sempïternus, continual. Semperiternut.
Sënâculum, Senate-house. Senaticulum.
Sënâtus, Senate. Senex or senis. Composed of
the aged. Gr. irptaflvripiov. Ovid : ' Nomen et
aetatis mite senatus habet.' Eutropius : ' Centum
ex senioribus elegit quos senatores nominavit propter
senectutem.'
Sënecta, old age. Senex, as Carecta.
Sënex. From ívos or éVos, a year, as in SUvos,
wo\ievos. Full of years, annosus. S as in Sidus,
Sarcio; or as ${, Sex. (2) Senex, senicis, for
seminex, seminecis, with one foot in the grave.
Sëni, six each. Sex, sexèni, as Septëni.
Sënïca, hag. . Senex, old gen. senicis.
Senium, old age. Senex or senis.
Sensim, gradually. Those things, says Priscian,
engage our sensum, perception, which take a long
time about. Some say ' insensibly,' but this would
be insensim. Yet Cicero has, ' Sensim sine sensu
aetas senescit.'
Sensus, perception. Sentio.
Sententia, feeling, thinking, judging, &c. Sen-
tientia.
Sententiôsus, full of pithy sententiœ, sentiments,
&c.
Sentina, the bilge of a ship. Sentus, as Ruina,
Lucina : by ForcelUni explained, inter alia, ' nasty,
squalid.' Terence : ' Hominem senium, squalidum.'
Virgil : ' Per loca senta situ.' (2) Sedeo, sedentina ;
Schw. Sedeo is used by Marcell. Empir. of emptying
the bowels. (3) As Sample from 'Xample, so
'xentina from il-Urros, letting out. Much as from
hiinos is Ventus. I dropt, as Pariens, Parens.
Sentino, to empty the sentina ; spec, in a storm
to avoid destruction ; hence to avoid darfger.
Sentio. For syntio or sintio from avvtria fut. of
(TuvcTÍfa), to make to apprehend, taken intransi
tively ; and this from awinfii, whence avveais, the
faculty of apprehension. E, much as xpivta, xlpva,
cErno ; "Iuttoí, "Ikkos, Equus ; jUro, pejEro. (2)
Voss : ' Properly said of hearing, [or perceiving a
sound,] if from sonitus.' See on Audio.
Sentis, a brier. Dumesnil from aivrns, transp.
otitis, (as ttEtAoi, pAtEo,) sentis.- noxious, hurt
ful. (2) As from otyypbs, 'ifnipbf is Serus ; so
from ò{uíÍ€i'toî, contr. to ò^évros, (as Parentis
from Parlentis) is '£6tos, sentis, as 'Xample, Sam
ple; 'Xpend, Spend. (3) Written, as it is pro
nounced, sentis for centis from Kevrâ. ? (A)
Some from sentio, quoting the pun of Plautus :
' Nihil sentio. Non enim es in senticeto ; eò non
sentis.' But ?
Sentus, rough, squalid. Above.
Seorsum, apart. I. e. sevorsum, turned to oneself
from others : as Quorsum is Quoversum.—Priscian
however thinks se is here seeks, turned in a direction,
contrary to others. And vOrsum.
 SEP
Sëpar, separate. Se is seorsum. As Impar.
Sëparo, I sever. Separ.
Sëpëlio, bury. From tnrtiXatov, a cave ; <nrrj being
softened into sëpë, as slbi from <r</>i, mlna from
fu>2, tEmetum from Tpvrfròv. John 11. 38: 'Jesus
cometh to the grave : it was a cave.' (a) Horne
Tooke from sêpes or sêpio, to enclose ; quoting
Gray : These bones from insult to protect. But the
quantities differ.
Sëpes, Saepes, hedge. Sêpio, Ssepio, to hedge in
with a high wall or fence, from aiVùs, high, whence
sœpes, sepes. S prefixed, as in Saltus, Saxum. (2)
Sepes from ariirbs Mo\. of cryicbs, an enclosure, as
luPus from \íKos. ES, as orúirOS, stipES. But
the M ?
Sêpia, cuttle-fish. Srpria.
Sêplâsia, perfumes. From a street in Capua
called Seplasia, where, says Festus, was a number of
perfume-shops.
Seps, sëpis, a small serpent whose bite caused
putrefaction. 2^.
Septem. 'Eirrá, as'Ef, Sex; 5é/cA, decEM.
September. As October.
Septentrio, the seven stars of the Bear. As re
sembling septem triônes, seven yoked oxen. Some
think trio a termination.
Septiciâna libra, a pound weight, brought in
probably by one Septicius: though some derive it
from the Septa in Rome, where tradesmen trafficked
and sold by weight.
Sëptïcus, putrefactive. GR.
Septum, enclosure. Sepio.
Sëpulcrum. Sepelio, ultum : sepulticrum.
Sequester, referee, arbitrator; with whom an
agreed deposit is made. Sequor. Whose decision
both parties follow.
Séquestre, deposit. Above.
Sequior, inferior. Seguor. As coming after,
sequundus. As Nulli seeundus. Or a servant fol
lowing a master. (2) Sëcùs, otherwise than it
should be.
Sequor, follow. "Eno/itu, Moi. tico/mi, Tieqnor,
as Xcillu, linQUo. Then sequor, as 'Eirrck, Sep
tem.
Sëra, bar, bolt. Seipa, cord, rope. Formerly,
says Scapula, doors were secured by ropes. Much
as etra, ïtà. (2) Sero, I join.
Sërênus, from |epi>s, dry. Virgil : Serenas Ven-
tus agat nubes.
•'Xample. Enus asS, inas. Terrenus,
our SampleSeptenus.
for Example,
(2)
From sero. As fine for sowing. (3) Tranquil,
mild, from eip^fv corrupted to ^Wjwj, peace. S as
in Sero.
Sëresco, to grow dry. Serenesco. (2) Sepbs,
dry, as our 'Xample, Sample. See Siliqua.
Séria, butt, jar, cag. SijXÍo ' in Hesych. that in
which flonr is kneaded. It is also a corn-bin.,
143
SES
SiXia in Hesych. small casks, vessels in which bread
is made : ' Steph. 9364. R, as vaRius.
Sërîcus, silken. SripiKÓs.
Series. Sero, to join.
Sêrius, grave. As Secors, Securus, for serisius,
from risus : apart from merriment. As Abstemetius,
Abstemius. (2) Severus: Ridd. Or, like Sevens,
from trcPto: ffe^fjpios as aMr^ptos.
Sermo. Sero, serimo, sermo, as Saliò, Salimo,
Salmo. Virgil : Multa inter sese vario sermone
serebant. (2) From tppïbs, elp/íbs, nexus, series,
like serebant above. S, as'EJ, Sex.
Sëro is to connect, join ; from ipm, whence a. 1.
?pcra, pf. pass, iepptvos, like eïpu. S, as 'EpiW,
Servo ; ZtSos, Sidus. Also, to sow, plant ; from the
ROWS of the things sown or planted. But some
consider this sëro as soft for spëro from airtipui,
<nrepû, much as the T in ïlTevyà, Penna.
Sërôtïnus. Like Diutinus.
Serpens, from serpo. A creeping thing.
Serpërastra, pi., swathe-bands ; used fig. by
Cicero. Ernesti : ' From sirpo, to bind, whence
sirpuUe in Varro : and therefore perhaps it should
be written slrperastria.' Thus cErno for clrno.
Serpo, creep. "Epira, as
SerpyUum, wild thyme. "EpvvWoy.
Serra, saw. Seco, secera, as Patera, Arcera.
Secra, serra.
Serta, a rope. Serta, wreaths. Sero, sertum, to
plait.
Servio. From serous.
Sërum, whey. As yOvv, gEnu, and S prefixed as
in Sero to join, òpbv is Serum. So oîvON, vinUM.
Servo. As "Epa, Sero; EÎSos, Sidus; so èpíu,
seruo, servo, as volUo, volVo. In the sense of
êpiofuu,
Sërus, late. '0<írripbs, '$r)pbs, from ò^è, late.
Hence pserus, serus, as Tlriffais, Tussis.
Servus, for servatus, as Probus for Probatus,
Libertus for Liberatus. A captive preserved in war,
ÇayprjBeís.—Others deduce it ' à servanda res he-
riles.' (2) Scheid : 'Properly nexus, from tpw.-'
whence is (Ipepos, bondage. From ïpw could be
eîpos, flpFos, serVus, as 8\o, S\Fa, sylVa.
Sësâmum, sesame. GR.
tfSescenaris bovis, Livy, 41. 15. 'The sense is
entirely unknown : ' Crev. ' Some guess one thing,
some another : ' Fore.
Sësë, redupl. for se, as Quisquis.
Sësëlis, hartwort. GR.
Sesqui, as much as and half more. (The whole)
semisque and a half : See Sestertius. Sesquepes
changed to sesquipes, as protEnus to protlnus ; and
the I was retained in sesqui, even when written
without a compound.
Sessio, Sessflis. Sedeo, sessi.
Sestertius, 2% Asses ; 2Ï feet. Semis-tertins. As
 SET
rp'nov ìjiíniKavrov is 2 J talents; i. e. the first a
talent, the second a talent, the third half a talent.
Seta, Saeta, bristle. Xoîto, hœta, as Xópros,
Hortus : then soeta, as "Epmo, Serpo. So tyXos,
enSis.
Sêtânium. 1 'S.nrávíov is a kind of onion, and a
medlar. Theophrast. : trrrriyia p.ri\a Athen. 81 A: '
Lidd.
Sêtânius, sifted, fine j some say, of this year. See
Sririvetos in Liddell.
Seu. From sive, sine. Virgil: Sive errore viae
sen, &c. So Neve, Neu.
Sëvërus. 3e$npbs, from ai&m : venerable, grave,
aefivós. V, as Btâ, Vivo.
Sêvum. See Sebum.
Sex, six. *E{, as Septem.
Sextans, jfth of an As. Sextus, As, as Quadrans.
Sextîlis, August. The sextus, sixth month from
March.
Sexus, a sex. Seca, tectum, serum : Animals
being divided into male and female, (a) "Efir,
constitution of body.
Si. For tit, let it be : as à, è, for Ab, Ex. Thus,
Sit ut faciat, or Sit faciat, (as Velim ut roges, or
simply VeUm roges,) could easily become Si faciat.
(2) For tine: let it be. So iàv from 4ifv, sinere.
(3) From ti, as eîîor, Sidus.
Sïbi. As amBo, and /jlvû, mina ; so <r<pì,
tibi. (a) See Mini.
Sïbïlus, Sïbïlo. Ainsworth : ' Sibilus from oi-
<p\bs, and sibilo from crupXia, ignominiâ afticio : '
as Sibi from 2<f>ì, Mina from MvS. So Stephens
says on trtQXáfa : ' It is rendered Explodo, Exsi-
bilo, so that our Siffler agrees with it. Gl. exibilo.'
And he explains iirurltf>\iov ' irrisione dignum.' As
sibilo, however, agrees in sense with crupxóui much
more than sibilus with a'upXos, sibilo was from the
Creek, and sibilus from sibilo.
Sibylla, Sïbyna. XÍ&vKXa, 2ij3wi).
Sic. For seic from ?ilk', $im, qua via : as If, Sex.
—Or at once from fjx', as rima from iHy/m. See,
tie. (B) For hie, i. e. hoc modo, $Ke or ofxe.
Sica, poniard. Seco, secica, seica. As Manica.
Siccus, dry. As Modicus, Unicus, Tetricus, so
sitis, siticus, sitcus, siccus, (a) From traÛKOt, a
Syracusan word for (vpbs, in Hesychius. ?
Sicëra, strong drink. Si/ce'pa.
Sîcïles, ' the broad heads of javelins. Ennius :
Incedit veles vulgo ticilibu' latis. Some read sici-
lices and ticilicibu'. But either seems to come
from sicilio : ' Fore.
Sîcïlïcus, Jth of an ounce, &c. As <r<pi, sibi;
uvâ, mina ; from aíxKos, a shekel.
Sicilio, to cut or mow what was left of the former
mowing. ' For tecutto from seco : ' Ainsworth, with
whom Varro and Pliny agree. Thus hAEkw, pllco ;
sinciput.
144
SIL
Sïcïlisso, I ape the Sicilians. TactXiQa.
Sfcinnium, funeral dance. 'XÍklvvis.
Sîcúbi, if in any place. Si alicubi. So Slcunde
for Si alicunde.
Sîdërâtus, struck with the sidus, dogstar.
Sïdërîtês, loadstone. GR.
Sîdo, I settle. As 'larm, Sisto, so sido from "Ço>,
XSov whence iSpcva : perf. mid. ISa.
Sidus, constellation. From eîïos, a form or figure,
as Sarcio from 'Apriw : such words as elSoj, àpriâ,
ïfoj, &\tos, assuming the aspirate by corruption,
and then the S in its place as in '1<ttv, Sisto ; "trip,
Super ; &c. Ovid has ' astra . . formaeque deorura.'
Crispinus on Ovid defines Sidera ' signa pluribus
stellis figurata,' and Voss 'formas sive figura; cœ-
lestes è steUis.' From íISos is elSwKov, and Apollo
nius Rh. has ovpavioio-iv eì$<í\oi<rtv. Signum also is
thus used. Indeed tîSos may be simply a heavenly
appearance, (a) From sido. ' For stars as they
set seem (subsidere) to sink into the sea : ' Ainsw.
Sîdus, specially the dogstar. Above.
Siem. See Sim. (a) Transp. from esim.
Sigalion, Harpocrates. Sryih silence, which he
was represented as pressing his lips to command.
Stgillària, a festival in which sigiUa, little dolls
used to be sent as presents.
Sïgillâtim, Singillâtim, individually. Singuli, tin-
gilli, as Fabulas, Fabelue.
Sïgillum, a little signum, as Tignum, Tigillum.
Sigla, short notes, ciphers. Sigilla.
Sigma, a supper couch. 'Siy/M.
Signïnum opus, a sort of plaster of Paris. Made
at Signia in Latium.
Signum. Is. Voss from ìïkvòv from itaaa. So
Riddle allies it to tints. S added as Sidus. (a)
Or, as Sidus, from %xvos (neuter), as Gutta from
XuTTif ; kvKvos cyGnus. (3) Signum soft for stig-
num from o-riycwby, formed from ariyû fut. 2. of
trrlQa, to prick, mark. Thus Regnum. T dropt,
much as Perna from TlTipva. Ainsworth has ' a
point or prick' as a geometrical sense of signum.
(A) ' From seco, whence Segnten. As Lego, Lig
num : ' Ainsw. Secinum, secnum. A notch or
mark.
SU, sïlis, a kind of ochre. Ausonius asks, ' Estne
peregrini vox nominis an Latii til ? ' As Pliny says
of it, ' SU propriè LIMUS est,' Scheide seems cor
rect in deducing silis from ìxòs, mud. S, as EîSos,
Sidus, &c.
Sîlânus, a stone image through which water ran.
Silus, as Sylvanus. The nose of the image being
turned up. (a) Properly, of the god Silênus, M.
SiXâvos. Usually, says Riddle, in the shape of his
head. (3) Saihavbs, gen. of trwAV. a tube. I,
somewhat as xOm, clnis.
Sîlënus, the god. 2iXnv6s.
I Sïleo, am silent. From irryaAe'os, aiyXios, or
 SIL SIM
oryjjAiis, oryXbs, is sigleo, sileo, as puGmilus, pûmi- mosus for Dumosus. The S in silicernium was
lus; stiGmulus, stimulus. (2) Donldu. compares changed to R, as Valesii, Fusii, Papisii were said at
first for Valerii, Furii, Papirii, and as Casmen was
tt Sïler, a kind of osier . said for Carmen. Others derive it in this sense from
Sïlex, flintstone. Here is a great change. Xc£\i|, se, without, and luceo ; for selucesnium, i. e. à\vx"ía-,
Xa\iKoj, halicis, as Xópros, Hortus ; and hilicis, as as for grief they did not burn candles in this feast
o-TpAyyaj, strlngo ; and silicis, as 'lard, Sisto. Or as they did on birthdays. Others derive it from
thus : x<fo-"f<«> transp. x^KaKOS' as tETAoi, pATEo; sil and cesna for cena, as the herb si/was much used
then silacis, silicis, as jua^Avà, machina. Some in these suppers ; as with its seed or root they sea
derive Hisco from x^ffK" ; thus x<**'í would at once soned wine. I think Servius's opinion the most
make hilix. (2) C. Scaliger says : ' For secilex probable, that silicernium is fr. silex and cesna for
from seco. Secttts lapis.' Thus Sicilex was used cena, and denotes (cenam ad silicem) a supper by a
as well as Sicilis for the broad head of a javelin. flintstone. This appellation was afterwards given
Silicernium. Voss : 'It sometimes denotes an old to a kind of sausage, from its being eaten at a
man, and is thought to be derived from silex cerno ; funeral supper to purify a family ; and to a decrepit
as, from having his body bent, an old man observes old man, as being likely to have a silicernium soon
the flintstones as he walks : or from silens cerno, as made for him or as deserving to have one made for
an old man was shortly to be seen (silentibus) by the him.'
Shades. Philelphus derives it from silicea hernia, a Sïlïgo, a fine wheat. Simila, similigo, siligo. So
disease under which most old men labor. [Or Ulîgo, Rubîgo, Impetigo, &c. Riddle from simi-
ernium is considered to be a termination, and an lago, which is in use.
old man to be called silicernium from his being as Sïlïqua, bean-husk. HuXwà, wooden, as said of
hardhearted as a flint.]—Festus speaks of a second the kernel. So 'Xample, Sample.
signification of this word : Verrius, he says, thinks Sillôgráphus, Sïlûrus. 2tK\oypi<pos, 'SÍKovpos.
that silicernium was used of a (farcimen) sausage, Silva. See Sylva.
by eating which a family was purified. Philelphus Silus, -lo, snub-nosed. Simulus, silus.
thinks it was so called from its being of a hardness Sim. Properly siem from dnv. S added, as in
as (silicea) flinty as that of the fleshy hernia ; Ver eìSos, Sidus. M, as in povaaN, musaM. (2) For
rius from the person, on account of whose death the esim, i. e. ícru>)i, tau/uu. As "slAAos into Illus or
family required to be purified by it, seeing the Ille. And see convlcium.
Shades (à cernendo silentes) ; others from the herb Sîma, the blunt part on the top of a pillar.
til, this sausage either being seasoned with it or Simus. ' Like a goat's nose ; whence the name : '
being of the color of it.—Silicernium signifies also a Fore.
feast of the Dii Manes, consisting of those masses of Simla, ape. As lima, snub-nosed.
food which were taken to the funeral pile to be Sïmïla, -lâgo, fine meal. For semidala, Gr. aefit-
burnt together with the dead body ; for persons SaAis. As pausA.
were not allowed to eat or taste them. Donatus Sïmïlis, like. 'OpaXhs, of like degree ; whence
accounts for the word (à silentes cerno) from the somalis, as 'OXxbs, Sulcus ; somilis, as jua^Ai/ò, ma-
circumstance of the Shades seeing these piles of china; and similis, as «cOro, clnis; "Op.$pos, Im-
food and enjoying them ; or from those, who brought bris, the termination here changing as in similis.
them, being allowed only (cernere) to see them, not Compare Somnus in its changes, and"E/cupos, Sece
to taste them; for, whoever ate or drank of the rns, Socerus, Socer.
libations made to the Shades, was polluted. Servius Simïtu, at the same time. As Radicitùs, so
explains silicernium by silicenium, a supper placed similitiis, simitus, simitu1.
on (silicem) a flintstone. Ovid calls a Tegula and Simplex, ïcis, single, simple. Sine plicâ, without
a Testa what Servius calls a Silex, and confirms fold. Simplex, as Duplex.
what Servius says, that the Romans used to put Simpûlo, an indulger in simpulis.
funeral meats on a flintstone, and that silicernium Simpûlum, sacrificial cup. Dacier : ' 2lcpw, a
was derived from this.—A fourth signification is a vessel for tasting wine : whence simpo, simpulum.'
funeral feast made by old men, on their departure M, as laMbo, riMnavoy.
from which they bade farewell to one another, as Simpuvium, 'quite the same with simpulum, or
being likely to see each other no more. Some much like it : ' Fore. Hence perhaps for simpulu-
think it so called from their dining (silentes) in vium, the termination taken from Diluvium. And
silence and without mirth, as being in a melancholy much as Stercus, Sterquilinium. V, as Vera. (2)
mood. But they agree with Servius as to the latter iviíirérns, M. av/íTrímis. From the priests drinking
part of the word, deriving it sr. cesna for cena, as out of it together. (3) Simul-polavium.
Pesna was said by the ancients for Pœna, and Dus- Sïmul, together. Becman : ' From simile, as Facul
145 T
 SIM
from Facile.' And thus the U in the verb simUlo.
As said of men doing together the same work, or
using the same exertion.
Simulacrum, image. Simulo, to make like, as
Lavacrum.
Sïmûlo, make simile like, the reality, feign. See
Simulacrum.
Simultas, a disguised dislike. Simulo. (2) SU
mi/is. Like for like : or dislike founded on likeness
of pursuits. Hesiod of old said that potter envies
potter and minstrel minstrel.
Similiter, in like manner. Similis, similiter.
Sïmus, slat-nosed. 2i/z<fy.
Sin, i. e. si ne, as Quin is Quine ?
Sinâpi, mustard. GR.
Sincêrus. Sine cerd: as honey without wax.
(2) Sbv k%>i, with the heart.
Sinciput, half of the head. Semi-caput, semciput.
I as tlngo j N as priNceps.
Sindon, fine linen. ~Zivtitív.
Sine. Properly the imperative of sino, to let
alone. As Ponè from Pono. (2) From si-ne. ?
Singultus, a sigh. From singuli. Sighs coming
forth one by one, singulatim.
Singulus, one by one. From sine, without (others),
as "E/tacpror from 'E/càs, 'Amos from 'Airo. Sine,
sinicus, much as Unus, Unicus ; or sinicùs, as Mor
dicus ; then siniculus, as Unus, Unulus, Ullus ; and
sinculus, singulus, as àyKi\os, anGulus. (2) Isaac
Voss : ' From ïa, one ; ïya ; whence Ï7710, one.' As
from hbs some derive oiyicia, uncia. (3) Se-angu-
his : Schw. ?
Sinister, left. From sino, to let alone, as Sequor,
Sequester. Thus ' the right hand,' says Home
Tooke, ' is that which we use in preference, when
one hand only is employed. And the LEFT hand
is that which is LEAVED, LEAV'D, LEFT, or
which we LEAVE out of use on such occasions.'—
Festus and Servius take it as applying to the augu
ries, and understand ' sinistrum augurium ' as ' quod
Deus sinat fieri.' (2) Pott from sinus : the sinus
togas being on the left hand. (3) Sine astris. As
our Dis-aster. Judg. 5. 20 : The stars fought
against Sisera. (4) Sinisterus for sirisferus (as
doRum, doNum,) from àpío-repos, as Sicharbas from
'Axdp&as. ?
Sïno, let alone, let be, suffer. Properly sio, sivi :
N for euphony, as in iriw, 7rfNa> ; ados, saNus. Sio
from iâ, íiìpi, like 4du>, iw, to let go, ívlnfíi, tyinipi,
àipíniii. 'A<pcs, suffer me, Matth. 7. 4.
Sïnôpis, the stone sinoper or rudder. GR.
Sînum, -nus, milk-pail; wine-bowl, pail, bowl.
~S,it\>vhv, Ktvhv, Hesych. So Cassis from Cassus. (2)
Others from Sìvos, a vessel. But S ?
Sinus, Sinuo. From o-upv6s' icevbs, allied to
(Tupvia- Kevâ, both in Hesychius, as well as o-upvtbs,
a mole. Any thing empty, and so hollow. Thus
146
SIT
Liddell explains Xdos, ' any wide, empty space, a
gulf, chasm.' And sinus is a semicircular hollow.
Siphnus, sihnus, sinus, as x is dropt in araNea from
àpáXNTj.
Sïpârium, the curtain of a theatre. Síirâpos, the
stern sail. (2) 'Hp.i(pdpiov ; or se for semi and
fdpos an outer garment: Hemsterh. (3) ' Sipo: as
thrown before the spectators : ' Voss. Thus it should
be sïpârium. ?
Sîpho, a tube. 'Slipup.
Sipo, Supo. See Dissipo.
Sirbênus, who talks confusedly. Hvpfinvtbs and
-is.
Sîrêdoues, Sirens. 'Xtipistoves.
Siremps, -pse, quite alike. For simreps, for
simile-re-ipsâ, or simile-rei-ipsi. Pse, as Eapse.
Or simireps, sireps, sireMps, as laMbo, and \dM<f/o-
uai from Adfia. (2) Sive rem ipsam.
Siren, a Siren. SeipV-
Sirim. Sino, siverim.
Sirius, the dogstar. Sdpios.
Sirpe, laserwort. ií\<pi, sirpe, as purPura, ferE,
and our tuRban for tuLpan.
Sirpea, a mat è sirpis, of twigs. Or from sirpo,
to bind.
Sirpo, bind with twigs. As 'Po</>éw, 'Op<péa>,
Sorbeo, so paths gen. of pity, wicker-work, produced
sirpus, a net of twigs, hence a riddle; and sirpo.
(2) Scirpus, bulrush : as crKatos, sacvus.
Sirus, corn-pit. 2ipis.
Sis, if you will. Si vis.
Siser, the white carrot. 2t<rapov.
Sisto, I stop. 'IortS, as $£, Sex.
Sistrum, Sïsuraa, Sisymbrium, SItercia and Sîtar-
chia. SeMrrpoj/, &c. GR.
Sïtella, a little situla.
Sïtïcïnes, singers of ditties for the dead. Cano ;
siti, the dead and buried. Ennius: Hie erit ille
situs, &c.
Sïtis, thirst. From TSoj or ÌSos, explained by
Hesychius r-viyos, choking heat, and by Suidas dépos,
heat, and by Eustathius rii Btpivbv KaTao-Tnua. S
prefixed as in EÌSos, Sidus ; T for D, as Mol. mi-
Aiov, spaTium. The I is short, much as <pHpa,
fëra; EIto, ïta: indeed it is allied to ÌSpàs, which
has the first short. It is written, moreover, with
the acute as well as the circumflex. (2) As 1iïop(pà,
Forma ; Ttivopiai, Nitor ; Mwf, Num ; sitis from
iJ/i'Soj transp. from Styoj. S, as 'ifrnpbs, Seras. So
the Greeks said SÍtto, 2dy$as, for VÍtto, VdySas.
(3) Isaac Voss : ' From situs. The situs of fields is
drought. Hence fields are said sitire.'
Sîtônia, Sittyba. GR.
Sïtùla, bucket for the well. Situs is buried, and
in Lucret. 3. 905, ' Aut in melle situm suffocari ' is
explained by Forcellini ' immersed :' hence is situla,
what is immersed in water. (2) Quae sitit aquam. ?
 SIT
Situs, position. Sino, situm, to let be, whence
situs, a, um, situated.
Situs, mouldiness, &c. Sino, situm. Where
things are suffered to lie as they are, neglected.
Sîve, whether. Si ve.
Smáragdus, Smâris, Smëctïcus, Smegma, Smin-
theus. GR.
Sôbôles, offspring. For suboles from suòoleo, to
grow from under, to grow up, as Sub in Suspicio.
Soboles, as Proles.
Sôbrîni, Consôbrini, generally thought to be put
for sororini, as the children of two sisters. But the
B is not accounted for, and the meaning is often
much more general. (2) Rather, as being a further
remove, i.e. second-cousins, (Dumesn.) from super,
superlni, suprini, whence sobrini, as sOboles, Buxus.
Sôbrius, sober. So as in Socors, and ebrius.
' Seorsum ebrietate,' Dumesn.
Soccus, low-heeled shoe. %ìk%os.
Sôcerus, Sôcer, husband's father. For secerns
from êxvpbs, as 'Eti-tì, Septern ; "EAtuov, Oleum;
pejEro from jUro.
Socius, partner, &c. Haigh : ' From (vyios, yoked,
united.' Pronounced dsugius, for softness sugius:
then O, as sOboles for sUboles ; C, as purréa, mis-
Ceo. (2) From oìneìos, (as oiiceioi, friends,) then
ô/cííor, socius, as EÎSos, Sidus. (3) Sequor : Ridd.
As O in Pondus, Podex.
Sôcors. See Secors.
Sôdâlis, comrade, companion. Like jEqualis.
From óSbs, as "strep, Super. One on the same road
with yourself. 'Ev tjj owoS/ij, Luke 2. 44. (2)
Festus for sedalis from sedeo, like Assiduus. Never
leaving you, constant in attention. Or simply as
said of persons sitting together. 0, as pEdo, pO-
dex. (3) Is. Voss : Suesco, suetum, suetalis, suda-
lis, and sodalis, as sUboles, sOboles.
Sôdes, pray or I beseech you, as Die sodes. Si
audes, if you can prevail on yourself. As clAUdo,
clOdo.
Sol, solis. Dr. Jones : ' So'Aos, a round plate or
quoit. Hence sol, the sun, a plate of fire.' We
speak of the sun's disk, which is the same as a6\os.
(2) As 'OA/tor, Sulcus, so &\ios (i. e. ó %\ios as
uWos is 6 &Wos,) might produce solis, as cVtioî,
iVmos Hospes, and Bios, Thus, and Páriens, Parens,
and Jamiitor, Janitor. (3) Cicero thus : ' Quòd
solus appareat, ceteris sideribus suo fulgore obscu-
ratis.' Thus Mason in his Prayers : ' As Thou hast
created ONE sun to enlighten the natural world, so '
&c. (4) From 'é\as, splendor. As vios, nEvus,
nOvus. ?
Sôlânus, the East wind, called by Pliny subsolanus,
Gr. ÒT7)AllÍT7JS. Sol.
Sôlârium, sundial. Solâtus, sun-struck. Sol.
Sôlâtus, desolate. Solus.
SOLDURII, devoted retainers. Gaulish.
147
SOL
Soldum, the whole. Solidum.
Solea, slipper covering only the solum, sole of the
foot, and laced on. And a sole fish, plain like it.
(2) "t\ia, Hesych. : Lidd. As sOboles.
Sôlennis, Sollennis. From solus or sollus, whole,
and annus. Every year being observed without
intermission ; opposed to Biennial, Triennial, &c,
and as the Latins say Quotquot eunt dies, or anni,
Quotidie, Quotannis. (2) Others from solus. Held
once only in the year. (3) Or from soleo. (4)
Some write soleMnis, and refer it to amnus as the
old form of annus. And others to amnis ; the festi
val being performed by a sacred stream. Others
deduce solemnis from ôxóffeiivos, corrupted to ftKe/i-
vos, or to ò(ró\efivos.
Soleo, am wont. From Í\oì, as '0\xbs, Sulcus.
Properly, To be wholly engaged ; Gr. cl/û $\os
Trpbj Toiirou : Horace, Totus in illis. And hence
to make anything a constant habit of study or
practice. The Greeks used <pt\4a, to love a thing,
in the sense of soleo, to be devoted to it, to be
habituated to it. (2) Haigh indeed deduces soleo
at once from <pi\4a. Thus : hileo, as *eC, Heu ;
holeo, as alyrris, sOntis ; and soleo, as above. But ?
(3) eé\u, Ridd. As our loveTH and loveS. ?
Sôlers, Sollers, dexterous, ingenious. As Iners
for In-ars, solers for soll-ars, from sollus. Who
knows every art, as e. g. the pentathlon ; or who
knows an art thoroughly. Or, sollus i. e. totus in
arte.
Solïdus. From S\os, whole ; solus as "ÍVèp, Super:
and solidus, as Vivus, Vividus. (2) Solum, the soil;
as Gr. <;jnre8os.
Solistïmum tripudium,omen fromfeedingchickens,
when they eat so fast that some of the corn fell on
the solum, ground, and rebounded. (2) When it
fell solum, whole.
Solitaurilia,sacrifice of victims who were presented
solœ, i.e. solidae, non castratae : among which the bull
was the chief. (2) Some read su-ove-taurilia,
made by a sow, sheep, and bull.
Sôlïtûdo. Solus, as Multitudo.
Solium, a regal seat. Riddle says, properly a
seat ; it means also a tub, like Sessilis obba. As
pEdo, pEndo made pOdex, pOndus, sedeo made
sodium, and (as uLysses, oLeo,) solium. (2) Servius
supposes it made of one solid piece ; and allied
to solidus from Shot, solus. (3) As ôdi, odium, so
solus, solium. As intended for one person only.
This would agree also with its sense of Coffin. (4)
Becm. from solum, that on which anything rests,
a bottom, ground : ' quia subjicitur insessori.' See
Servius below in Solum.
Sollïcïtus, SôlMtu8, troubled. Lacio, lacitum,
whence lacesso. Hence sublicitus, sullicitus, and
sollicitus, as sOboles for sUboles. Excited, stirred
up. (2) For solliim, wholly ; (see Sollus :) and citus
 SOL
from do. Entirely roused. (3) Cilus à solo. (4)
Solum cito, as Tibullus : Ferro solicitavit humum.
Sollus, whole. Solidus, soldas, sollus.
Solcecismus, solecism. GR.
Sôlor, I solace. Sollus from ÍKos or $Wos, as in
Sollennis. To make whole, reinstate the spirits.
S, as 'OXxbs, Sulcus. (2) Sublevo, soblevo, solo.
Donldn. As sOboles. (3) To go to one solum, soli
tary or widowed, to cheer him.
Sôlox, said of a sheep whole and entire as by
nature, unshorn, &c. Solus, whole.
Solstitium, solstice. Sol, sto statum. When the
sun stands still.
Solum, the solid ground, from iAov, whole, as
'Oakìiî, Sulcus : whence also is sotidum, like Vivum,
Vividum. Hence a foundation in general. Servius
observes that the solum of a ship is the sea, the
solum of birds is the air.
Solvo, I loose. As Socors, so so-luo, solution,
and solvo. Luo is Kva, to loose. (2) ' Sulvo for
sulluo, subluo : ' Schw.
Solus, whole. "OKos, as 'A\bs, Salis.
Sôlus, alone. Dr. Kennedy well from seorsum ab
tUlo, as Socors is Seorsum à corde. (2) Seorsum ab
aliis. I omitted, as in Parens from Pario. Or from
the old alis, whence aliter. (3) From Sàos, bWos.
Voss : As long as anything is one, it is whole ; when
divided, it becomes many. ?
Somnium, dream in somno. Gr. ivimiov.
Somnus. The way is cleared by the fact that
Aulus Gellius recognises sopnus, which (as "ÏVèp
became Super, and vtKTbs nOctis,) is from iivvos.
Thus suPremus, suPmus, suMmus. (2) From sopio,
sopinus, like Rubious. (3) From supinus.
Sonïvius, sounding. Sonus, much as Manubise.
(2) Sonus in viis.
Sono, I send out sonum.
Sons, sontis, hurtful, guilty. Sonlis from o-iVttjs,
' nocuus, noxius, jSAcmttíkìis, Kaicovpyos : ' Steph.
Much as pOndus from pEndo.
Sontïcus morbus, a noxious disease. Sons. Sontica
causa, a good excuse for absence from the courts in
affliction from the above.
Sonus, sound. As S^/iepov was soft for T^fitpov,
2i)Tes for TijTfs, and 2ù and Tù are found, so sonus
was soft for tonus from ròvos, whence tono. (2) For
thonus from Seíva, reOom, to strike, beat. So ôp2ì>s
Moi. for òp&bs, atáva for à&fiiriì, 5Ì>2 for 8<í0i, and
our loveS for loveTH. (3) Soft for stonus from
arivos, lamentation. So T is dropt in Penna from
TITtwd. See Segestre. (4) ' Sonus = svonus,
(plain) : ' Donldn.
Sophia, Sophisma, Sophista, Sôphos, Sophus. GR.
Sôpio, lull to rest. See Sopor. So Sâgus, Sâgax,
See.
Sopor, deep sleep. Riddle : ' Perhaps from òirbs,
the juice of the poppy ; a soporific dose.' JEo\.
148
SOT
hitbp, sopor, as "AA/ror, Salt us. Or »<?por from sopio,
(as ôdi, odium,) this from &*iov, opium. (2) Sopor
from Strap, a waking vision. (3) From (nréa, i. e.
î/ipéw, iipinfii, remitto, relaxo (membra). As "t**p,
Super ; and //TAct, mOla.
Sôrácum, basket. Upcutov acc.
Sorbeo, I sup up. As 'Apirow, Rapio, so f>o<p4œ,
bptyew, whence sorbeo, as aAbs, Salis ; £u4>u, amBo.
Sorbus, the service-tree. Turton : ' From sorbeo.
Its fruit stops fluxes.' But Ainsworth says of sorbum,
the fruit : ' From sorbeo : for we suck up its
juice.'
Sordes, filth. Voss : ' Sordes from atopbs, a heap.
The filth of a house collected into a heap.' Soridus,
sordus, sordes. (2) Ainsworth from aap6a>, to
sweep. The sweepings of the house. (3) A*
aupfíàs from avpa is refuse, rubbish, so a word
ovprbs whence sordes. (4) With S prefixed, as in
Saxum, Sarcio, from &pSa, filth. 0, as SApv, dOmo;
irpÁcrov, vá.p<rov, irap'pov, pOrrum.
Sôrex, field-mouse. °Tpa{, as òAiir, Salis ; vTktòs,
nOctis. And see murEx.
Sorites, cumulative argument, auptlrns.
Soror, sister. From an ,-Eolic word bpbp, ipbt,
(as ir<ii'2 became iraiP, pneR,) from €opa peri. mid. of
(pa, to connect, as from topuai was épfiadbs, series,
a row. S, as°Opoj, Sors ; 'OAxis, Sulcus. That is,
connexa; a connexion, relation. Thus, as Voss
observes, ' Patrueles, consobrini, amitini are called
in Greek íyetf/ioì from àvdnrouju.' As to the sex,
this would depend entirely on the arbitrary use of
the word, which fixed it to the feminine, as in
the case of Conjux, a wife.— Wachter mentions
ëpos, a connexion or relation ; jE. ipop, seror, soror,
as i>Eoí, nEvus, nOvus ; Feuw, vEmo, vOmo.—
Others from sero, to connect ; as pOdex from pEdo ;
pOndus from pEndo.
Sororiculâta vestis. 'So the MSS. The Edds.
soriculata. The meaning and origin of either are
yet undiscovered :' Delph. Plin. ' What if its stripes
represented the figure soricum, of field-mice, as from
Vermis is Vermiculatum opus ? ' Voss. Some from
ampbs, heap : from its number of colors and folds.
Alii alia.
Sororio, from soror : said of female breasts grow
ing out together like two sisters, as Fraterculo was
applied to the breasts of boys.
Sors, sortis, a lot, die, &c. used to determine
chances, ' finis qui res dubias definiat : ' Ainsw.
From Spos, a standard, limit, measure : soros, as
'OAxbs, Sulcus ; and sors, as Mópos, Mors.
Sos. See Sas.
Sospes, safe and sound. From tris. Pes as in
Cacspes. (2) Riddle from vuvrbs, saved ; M.
awffirós. (3) 2£s and volibs, as àpríirovs. 'Eicrbs
KAavfiarttiv <íx0íS ^Sa, Soph.
Sotadëum, -ïcum carmen, composed after one
 SOT
Sotades, a Cretan obscene poet, mentioned by Mar
tial.
Sôtêr, Spâdix, Spâdo. GR.
Spargo, scatter. From wirapayw fut. of ffvapaffo-ia,
to tear in pieces, as Virgil uses Discerpo : Aura;
omnia discerpunt. (2) Or from íairapKa perf. of
trireipa), through fftrapn6w, w.
Spargo, ïnis, spray. Above.
Spartam sortiri, is SirdpTny \axt'y.
Sparteôii, name given to the soldiers appointed
by Augustus to watch the city by night for fear of
fire. ' From their shoes being made of spartum ;
or from ropes of it used much in quenching fires : '
Fore.
Sparti, Spartum. GR.
SPARUS, our SPEAR. Teuton, spere. Hence
it may be of northern origin. Yet it is referred to
tnraípa, mípâ, to writhe, hence to quiver, vibrate :
To neipa, irapâ, to pierce, with S prefixed as in
lifuxpis : To (rwelpu, trirâpw, to scatter : By Varro
to spams, ffwápos, the fish, from its likeness.
Spasma, Spastïeus, Spâtha, Spáthàlium and Spâ-
talium. GR.
Spâtior, rove over a spaHum.
Spâtium. SrdStoy, a raceground; any standard
of length; hence space, room : iEol. airátiiov, spatium.
T ; thus BépLiTos and 94p.iAos are both said, (a)
Haigh from miiiby, wide ? (3) Riddle from
pateo. ?
Spëciâlis, particular. Species.
Species, the look, appearance, form ; sort, species,
as particular and not general objects appear to our
view. Specio, as Facio, Facies.
Speculum, instrument for looking into ulcers.
Speculum.
Specimen. Specio. At which we look, to judge
of the whole.
Spëcio, I look at. Transp. from <nf«ritò fut. of
ffKeirifa, from <tk*ttto[uii. So cKtrwyXos transp. for
ÏKichayos. Hence also Aspicio, Inspicio.
Spëciôsus, fair to the sight. Species, as Forma,
Formosus.
Specto. Specio, spectum.
Spectrum, the form of anything represented to
the mind, idea, phantom. Like Specto.
Spécula, parva spes, as Res, Recula.
Specula, height for viewing. Specio.
Speculum, looking-glass, &c. Spëciilor. Specio.
Spëcus, den. From <nre'or, as deCet from Se'ei, îcî.
(a) Skíitìì, ttìkiì, a covering. See Specio. (3)
Specio. Where one is on the look-out for an
enemy. ?
Spêlseum, den. iirfccuoy.
SPELTA, spelt. A northern word.
Spëlunca, den. 2irri\vyya acc.
Sperma, seed. 'Snip/ia.
Sperno, despise. As for softness the Romans said
149
SPI
Spuo from Tlria, so from irrépya they could say
sperno, to tread on with the heel. (2) Voss:
1 Sperno from cirepw, ffireipw, (as nepyw from irepáw,
S>,) to scatter in the way.' To fling away, says
Riddle. (3) Or, says Voss, 'for separino from
separo, as Nato, Natino. Ennius : Jus se à malis
spernit. So Temno from Tépyu.' E, as grAssus,
grEssus. (4-) From afyvpov, the heel. E, as socErus
for kxtpós.
Spêro, I hope. Spes for the ancient speres, from
spero. Haigh : ' From orrepeâì Moi. for (rrepeóa,
arepfû, i. e. to assure oneself of.' ^irepeû, <nreepw,
spero, as conversely vëmens into vëëmens, vehemens.
(a) As Remus from iperp.bs, 'per/ibs, so spei from
éiféa, to cherish, nurse i. e. expectation in the
mind. Pseo, speo, as from {éœ, Cseo, is Seco. Or
from itiaaa, transp. owea> : ' to brood over, dwell
on : ' Lidd. (3) From êaira, ëWo/uai, ' to cling,
stick to a thing, so as to follow its motions : ' Lidd.
"Emu, speo, as "Ictku, Scio. (4) From crirda, traho.
As drawing us on.
Spes. See Spero.
Sph : All Greek.
Spica, ear of corn. Snvya jEol. of a-rtya, ariyia
acc. of a-riyevs, one who pricks or brands. (2) VTxa
acc. of i|/ì£, a morsel, bit : psica, spica. (3) 2irix«,
jEol. of o*rïxa' acc- °f ctIÇ, a row. Spica being a
collection of many grains. (4) Spina, spinica,
spica.
Spïcio, for specio, as vlgeo.
Spiculum, point of a dart. Spica.
Spina, thorn. Spiculum, spicullna, spina, (a)
Spica, spicina, spina. (3) Haigh from a-rìva, M.
aiTaia, SriVa apparently for ffrtyayà from otí£»,
formed like aveyavi.: Prickly. (4) Voss from
<rir££a>, to stretch out. As stretching to a point.
(S) 2jrïi/à, thin.
Spinter, bracelet. Hipiyxr^p, clasp.
Spinthria, an inventor of some monstrous lust.
Sirivflfy), a spark, used figuratively elsewhere of ex
citements to war : here to bad desires.
Spinturnix. Dacier: ' Pliny says some call it the
incendiary bird; Gr. <nciv6apls, from <riri</<%>, a
spark. As carrying a stake from a funeral pile, and
setting fire to houses.' 'Z-xivdapwhs, spintharinix, as
Koptiyv, Comix. Ainsw. from airivQapXs opyis.
Spinus, black-thorn. Spina.
t Spionia, some vine. Pliny says that some call
it spinea. But ?
Spira, wreath, &c. 2ir«pa.
Spîro, breathe. %iraipu>, as t'AAIa, ollva.
Spissus, thick. Sœpe, sœpissus: Ridd. (a)
Scheid : ' From the same root as -xlaoa, pitch.'
Rather S was prefixed, as in 2[w<pbs, ^KiSynpu,
S/idpaySos. (3) Ainsworth : ' From <nri£a>, whence
ffiriiéeis.' Hesychius explains ffiriSóev by rrvxybv,
airiSvbv by mxvbv, imnryis. Then from fut. airiaa
 SPI
might be o-vitrtrbs, spissus ; see Crassus. Or from
cirifa was awiÇbs, and spissus, as /idZa, maSSa.
Spïtháma, Splën. GR.
Splendeo, shine. As N in p.aN8dva, fraNgo, from
trir\r)$bs, burning cinders, as Lycophron: <nr\i)$$
OdKtydvrwv irvp6s.
Splënium, Spôdium. GR.
Spoliârium, a stripping room for bathing, &c.
Spolio, which from
Spolium, skin stripped from a beast, spoil. From
ottvXos Mol. of rntvKos, the skin of an animal. Or
trrv\ov Mol. of itkvKov, a spoil, as fOlium from
{pYWor. Thus we have crëpido from /cpHirîSo.
(2) From cnroXí) Mol. of oroAj), a garment, as
oTdiiov, M. aftdtiiov. Vestium detractio. (3) Or
from <rvo\la, wool plucked off sheep's legs ; or
o~iro\às, a leathern cloak : allied probably to trirda,
vello.
Sponda. As Herba, Herbida, so sponsa, span-
sida, sponda. A couch for married persons. Virgil
has Exuviasque omnes LECTUMQUE JUGALEM,
and Lucian $d\a/iis iari irepiKO\AÍ)s itol KAINH
NTM*IKH. And on ' Genealibus toris ' in Mn. 6.
603, the Delphin Editor says, ' Quales lecti nup
tiales.' (2) Sponda is also the frame of the bed
stead, and some refer it to Germ, sponde or bedd-
sponde ; from spond a board or beam, or spiinden to
plank together. Perhaps, much as o-KTAiov fell into
sPOlium, sponda may be referred to ararh, standing,
(allied to artòrqr, and ffraXttuos, in an upright posi
tion,) which might be used for such a frame or
stand, as answering to Lat. statumen, the ribs of a
ship, and Gr. oTa/iíveî : — through Mo\. anora,
spMa, sponda, as &aTbv, vaDum ; tago, taNgo. (3)
2nd0a also, M. o-róBa, (TnóSa, (as orDo from òp@bs,
and our burTHen, burDen,) a broad slat piece of
wood, should be mentioned.
Spondseus, Spondaulae. GR.
Spondeo, pledge myself. SmvS^i, a covenant.
Spondêum, Spondylus, Spongia. GR.
Sponsa, spouse. Spondeo, I engage.
Spontis, -te. Spontis is ottokS^í, as Dicis is
A/ktjs : sponte is (oroi/Sj?. Sponte meâ, by my own
agreement. But Dumesnil : ' Sponte is the abl. of
the obs. spans from spondeo.' (2) Donldn. com
pares pondus; 'the momentum of moral inclina
tion.' ?
Sporta, basket. For sporda from a-irvpiSa acc.
O, as nOctis. T, as sponTe. (2) Porto, as
Spissus.
Sprêtus. Sperno, spernitus.
Spfima, foam. Spuo, spuima.
Spuo, to spit. Corrupted for softness (as STernuo
from UTapviw,) from xria ; through riria, airvw,
as Trjres, iSipres ; or through ètrirrvw, VïttÚoí, ffirvto.
—Hesychius has if/fa-ret • wriei. If ty'nrw was pre
ceded by \f/ia, ttítùu, we have airiiu, spuo.
150
STA
Spurcus, foul, nasty. 2«i>p, dung, whence
ffKwptKbs, M. crirtapiKbs, sporcus. As sPolium.
(2) Uòpxos, a hog. S, as Spissus. (3) Spuo,
spurious. As diRimo.
Spurius. For sporius from mopd. From the
promiscuous origin of the child of a prostitute.
Plautus : ' Ego et tua mater meretrices fuimus : ilia
te, et ego hanc educavi ex patribus conventitiis.'
The fathers are here called Conventitii, i. e. persons
dispersed and unconnected, meeting from different
quarters. Thus Voss from Modestinus. T, as
pUrpura from irOp<pvpa, nUmerus from vO/xos,
vOjxop.
Sputum, spit. Spuo.
Squalleo, -âleo, to be rough, horrid, foul. Squama,
squamulus, squallus. Hill : ' It supposes different
masses like the scales of fish.' So Gellius also,
who speaks of ' alta congeries sordium.' (2)
2icd\\a, to rake. As Scabies from Scabo. (3)
2k4\\w, to dry up. Hence to be chapped, rough.
Lucan : Ora squalent arentia. Silius : Squalebat
tellus fervida. (4) 'AffxoAátu, VxoAá», to mourn.
' Erat in luctu Senatus : squalebat civitas,' Cic.
Squâlus, a skate, ray. Squaleo. From the rough
ness of its skin.
Squâma, Squamma, a scale. As Alo, Alima
whence Alma, so squalleo, squallima, squalmo,
squamma. (2) Scaber or scabrus, scabrima, scabma,
scamma and squamma, as inColinus, inQUilinus.
From scabo, says Riddle. (3) Donldn. compares
(TK-nint, ' that which covers.'
Squarra, rough skin. As Patera, so squama,
squamera, squarra. (2) 'Etrxapà, Vxopà, crust of
ulcers. (3) Scabo, scabera.
Squatïna, a skate. Squaleo, squalitina, as Diutina.
See Squalus.
Squilla, sea-onion. SkÍXAo.
St ! hist, hush. From the sound. (2) Sta, stop !
Stabtlis, firm. Sto, as Laudabilis. â as in stâtim.
Stabúlum, stall. Sto, statum, statibulum, as Thu-
ris, Thuribulum. Where cattle stand. jEschylus
has fiovardatis, Homer ffrarbs 'timos, Nepos ' stans
jumentum.' Stâ, as in Stâtio.
Stacta, Stadium, Stagma. GR.
Stagno, I stiffen. "Zreyva.
Stagnum, pool, lake. From o-rtyvbv, confining,
enclosing. Varro : ' Quod bene continet aquam.'
So mAgnus for mEgnus. (2) From o-râyw fut. of
ffrdfa, to let fall drop by drop ; as supplied by small
accessions ofwater, or as oozing out gradually. (3)
Dumesnil from sto, stare. But how is the termina
tion to be accounted for ?
Stalagmia, ear-rings. GR.
Stamen, yarn. Srd/naiy. Or, as this from Timj/u,
so from sto, as Flo, Flamen. Hecuba: KtpKÍaiv r'
itpeordi/ai.
Stamma. For stagma.
 STA
St annum, pewter. For stagnum from la-rayiiivov
or trrayivbv from erras», to distil. Pliny says that
the first liquor which slows in furnaces is called
stannum.
Stâtâria pugna, a stationary fight, o-ruSaia. Sta
tum.
Stater, a weight, coin. 'Xrarhp.
Statêra, steelyard. Sroripa ace, beam of a
balance. (2) Srarripii, firm.
Stâtïcûlum, a little image. Statua, statuiculum.
As Januitor, Janitor. (2) Sto, statum.
Stâtïcûlus, a stationary dance, orJurtnos. Sta
tum.
Stâtim, immediately. Sto, statum. In the place
in which we stand, without leaving it, as Illico i. e.
in loco, and aiirlxa. Also, firmly, constantly. We
say, Instantly, but perhaps from a different idea.
Stâtïna, the goddess of children on their beginning
to stand firm. Statum.
Static, Stàtîvus. Statum.
Stator Jupiter. Statum. Livy says, from his
stopping the flight of the Romans. But Seneca
opposes this, and thinks the name was given, in
that by his aid all things stand.
Statua. Statua, to set up. Flautus : Huic statuam
statut.
Stâtûmïna, vine-props ; ribs of a ship. Statua.
Which keep things firm.
St Tit uo, set up ; stop ; am fixed, resolve. Statum.
Stat sira, Status. Statum.
Stëga, Stêla. GR.
Stella, star. 'Aa-riip, acc. aaripa, whence aste-
rula, astella, stella.
Stellâtûra, gain made by the tribunes by appro
priating a part of the soldiers' pay. 2rcAA*#, to
shorten, contract. Or to dismiss; temporary dis
mission of the soldiers being the plea for the fraud.
(3) Stellionatura, from sleUio, a knave.
Stellio, lizard, Gr. àtrrcpíar. ' Variis stellatus
corpore guttis,' Ov.
Stellio, a knave. For the skin of the stellio was
thought to cure the Morbus Comitialis ; and it was
fabled, fraudulently to eat it, to prevent the cure.
Pliny says that no animal more fraudulently envies
man.
Stemma, garland. Stc/i/io. And a pedigree, for
the Romans entwined with garlands the images of
their ancestors.
Stëra, the matrix. 'Tartpa, 'orépa.
Stercus, dung. Liddell : ' 'Xrépyavos, Hesych.,
the Lat. stercus.' (2) Extergicus, 'xtercus, as our
Example, Sample. Quod extergi solet. (3) Sterna,
sternicus. Strewed on the ground. (4) Srepòs,
firm ; stericus, as Tetricus.
Stërïlis, barren. Stephens : ' From the old stems,
in Greek a-repbs, for which was written ortfybs,
a-TÛpos. There was, however, an old word o-ripw,
151
STI
whence artpiu, to deprive.' Or at once from ore-
Sternax, a horse which sternit, throws its rider.
As Vivax. Also one who throws himself down as a
suppliant.
Sterno, strew, spread. Si-opewú», aropvía contr.
trropvii, sterno, as vOster, vEster.
Sternuo, I sneeze. As ïlrva, Spuo, so irrapvvu,
starnuo, and sternuo, as pEssulus. Or iawrapi/va,
1'(Trapviito.
Sterquilînium, dunghill. Stercus, sterculinus.
Sterto, I snore. Voss. from the sound. (2) But,
if we compare Snore and Snort, I could believe that
sterto is for slernuto, which means to sneeze, but
might be extended to the sense of snoring. Thus
says Johnson : ' Snort : To breathe hard through the
nose as men in sleep : To blow through the nose as
a high-mettled horse.' (3) Ae'pOw, dapdieu : Ridd.
Stíbâdium, Stibi whence Stibium. 2ti/305iov,
3tÍ/8«.
Stica, coat of a clove of garlic. Sn'xo acc, a
row, i. e. one over the other.
Sticha, a kind of grape. Above. From its raisins,
striped with lines or veins.
Stigma, Stigmâtias. GR.
Stilla, a drop. ÍtÍAti ; stilula, as Pila, Pilula.
(2) Stiria, stiriola.
Stilus, Stylus, a stalk ; sharp-pointed pencil ;
writing with it ; style. StAxos.
Stimulus. Stimulus, a goad, is soft for stigmulus
from ariyim or ariyur], a puncture. So G is lost in
Pumilus.
Stinguo. See Exstinguo.
Stîpa, Stypa. See Stupa.
Stîpâtôres, the body-guard, as crowding round
the king. Stipo.
Stlpendium, pay of soldiery ; tribute levied for it ;
campaign. Stipipendium, as EiSuAoAaTpeia, Idolatry.
A stipe pendendd. For money was formerly
weighed.
Stipes, Stypes, a stake. Stwtos.
Stipo, to cram, from ffrttPa, to tread or stamp
with the feet, or ffriipa, to make firm. P for B :
see on Liqueo above. P for $, as Su*co, amBo. (2)
Dumesnil from a-rfarri. To stuff with tow.
Stips, Stipes, a small piece of money. Srúcpo?,
Hesych., gain. Curtius : ' Hortum exiguâ stipe
colens.' I. e. lucro, says Forcell. (2) Stipo, or
ssTeijSo), aTifiS>. ' A contribution in money : ' Ridd.
I. e. in great quantities. Varro says, from their
stuffing large quantities of this money in cellars.
Stipula, stem, stalk. "Ztvttos. As stilus, frlgo.
(2) Stipes.
Stïpúlor, make a bargain or contract. For they
held a stipula in their band as a sample of the
estate. (2) For stiptulor from gtitttov, firm, solid.
(3) The creditor demanded stipem the money, and
 STI
the debtor engaged to pay it : called stipulor and
restipulor.
Stïria, icicle. S-rripos, hard, (a) 3tÍA.ij, a drop ;
stilia. R, as seRia.
Stirps, ' the root ; the bottom of the trunk ; the
whole trunk,' Fore. 2-rHppiis, or ari^apbs, art$pbs,
or (TTtpupos, firm, solid ; transp. OTiptpbs or aripfiis.
(2) Srepeifirous, firm-footed.
Stiva, plough-handle, irwpà, firm, solid ; stiva,
as frlgo, and Vates.
Stlàta navis, a broad pirate-ship. Festus says it
is more broad than high, and called from latus, as
they said Stlocum, Stlitem for Locum, Litem. This
prefix of ST seems of barbarous origin.
Stloppus, sound made by blowing up and striking
the cheek. From the sound. (2) Some read sclop-
pus, compared by Donldn. with x6\o<pos.
Sto. Srda, o*tw, (TT^trw.
Stôtci, Stola. "XrtnÏKoi, 2to\^.
Stolïdus, senseless, foolish. Stolo, a useless
sucker. (2) 2tù\os, a pillar, somewhat as ^iCAa,
mola.
Stôlo, a scion from the root of a stock, useless
sucker. 2t<ÍAos, a stalk, stem.
Stômàchor, afficior stomacho, am ill in the
stomach ; out of humor with.
Stomâchus, Stomâtïcë. GR.
Stôrea, a mat spread on the ground. Sropta, I
strew ; or trropta acc. of aroptvs, perhaps so used.
Strábo, squint-eyed. Srpafìtív.
Strâges, a laying prostrate, havoc. Sterno, stravi,
straviges, strages : like Sero, Seges.
Strâgûlum, couch-coverlet. As Strages.
Strâmen, anything spread or strewed, straw, litter.
Sterno, stravi, stravimen : as Nomen.
Strangulo, Stranguria, Strâtêgêma, Strátëgus.
"XTpayydkw, ^Tpayyovpta, &C.
Strâtor, who sternit, lays a saddle on a horse.
Stratum.
Stratum, horsecloth, blanket : laid or spread on.
See Stravi.
Strâtûra, paving, i. e. laying down. Above.
Strâvi, turn, put under Sterno. From obs. arpiw,
whence inparbs, allied to ffrpów, ffTpéffw, and ítto-
píw.
Strebûla caro, the flesh about the hips. 2-rpe-
p\bs, curved. From the versura, says Varro, or
curvature of the hips.
Strêna, new year's gift. irprjvos, luxus, delicia.
These presents were very costly.
Strênuus, stout, active. Srpjj^y, -bs, strong,
hara. (2) Sterno, sternum.
Strëpo, make a harsh sound. From vrpltya.
From the noise of a door turning on its hinges.
Thus aTpi<t>iy£ is a pivot or hinge. Virgil : Foribus
cardo stridebat ahenis. P as irojftvpa, purPura. (2)
Forcellini says from the sound. ?
152
STR
Stria, a ridge between two channels in a pillar.
The same as striga, says Ainsworth. Striga, stria.
Somewhat as N was lost in yipavos, whence yé-
paos, ytpas, Grus. (2) For strua, from struo ag-
gerem, acervum, &o. As cllens for cl liens, flo,
sufflo.
Stribligo, solecism, irpe&xbs, crooked. Dis
tortion.
Stribllta. See Scriblita.
Strictim, tightly. Stringo.
Strictûra, mass of iron in the furnace. Strtctum.
As beaten close by the hammer. Also, a slake flying
from the iron while so beaten.
Striculus, for Hystriculus from Uystrix.
Strideo, utter a shrill sound. 3rrptS4a, », fut. of
ffrpifa.
Striga, a hag. Strix, igis.
Striga, interval between the lines of an army,
where the horses stringuntur, are rubbed down ;
or are suffered strigare, to rest. Hence a furrow
in ploughing, and any row or line. (2) 'Srpiy^,
[the channel of a pillar]. Ridd.
Strîgïlis, currycomb to scrape off the dirt of the
body. Stringo, stringilis.
Strigmentum, filth washed off. Above.
Strigo, sorcerer. See Strix 3.
Strigo, as, ' the same as stringo, said of horses
when they rest between while, and stringuntur are
rubbed down to recover their strength : ' Fore.
Hence to pause. See Strigilis.
Strigôsus, who hesitates and shuffles. Strigo, to
pause.
Strigôsus, lean. ' Said of beasts, whose bodies
stringuntur, are pinched by famine or toil : ' Fore.
' As taking breath in ploughing. Strigo. And as
this is done chiefly through meagreness, strigôsus is
one badly fed : ' Voss.
Stringo. Liddell: 'Srpáryyu, Lat. stringo, to
draw tight, bind tight.' Hence arpayyi^a, arpay-
ytiu. We have contAngo, contlngo; and the
prefix In- from '/w-, and our rickets from ^Ax'T,î-
And Scaliger deduces disco from SAcrxw.
Strix, igis, channel, furrow, flute of a pillar. See
Striga 2. Gr. <rrpiy£.
Strix, screech-owl. 'Srpiy^.
Strix, a hag. Voss : ' It was thought that hags
changed themselves into the ill-omened bird the
strix.' Dacier : ' Hence they were called Volaticae.'
Or, like these birds, they uttered their shrieks to
terrify.
Stroma, Stropha, Strôphium. GR.
Stropus, -oppus, -uppus, a strap. 3rpo<pbs, a
twisted band or cord.
Structor, caterer. Struo, to pile up.
Struma, wen. Struo, struima. To pile or heap
up. (2) 1 Srpfifia : as spread under the throat : '
Ainsw.
 STR
Strumea, a kind of ranunculus. Struma. As
healing wens, says Pliny.
Struo, from oi-piíu, to strew on the ground, and
so to heap up, and make a (struem) pile, and thus
raise a building. Also, to put in array, get ready
materials, prepare, &c. (2) From vrepeia, a-nptSs,
(TrpeS), to make firm.
Strúthea mâla, quinces. 2rpovdía.
Strûthio, ostrich. Ìrpov6ío>y.
Stiïdeo, soft for spudeo, oTri/Se'co, irirfúSw, to seek
eagerly. Or otv5«d, jEolic for muSéa, as the
Cretan Teloy for Tloiov in Hesychius.
Stultus. Stolidus, stoldus. So Soldan is Sultan.
Stûpeo. From o-tWos, a stock. To be like a
stock. Terence : ' In me quidvis harum rerum
convenit, quae sunt dicta in stultum : caudex, stipes,
asinus.' (a) Túirr», Tuire'ai : Freund. To be struck.
(3) Stúoi: Schw.
Stuppa, Stûpa, tow. GR.
Stuprum, rape, adultery; anc. turpitude. As
fiicros with Eustathius from fióa, ' at which we
shut our eyes ; ' so stuprum with Scaliger from
stupeo, 'at which we stand aghast.' (2) From
a-ria, to be lasciviously inclined. The termination,
much as in Membrum, Candelabrum.
Sturnus, starling. ' Perhaps from torno ; as
whirling round with its fellows. Pliny says of it
that it wheels round in an orb like a ball : ' Wacht.
S prefixed, as Scalpo, Sculpo, &c. (2) Vàp, tyapbs,
adj. tyapivbs i. e. ffvapivbs, JE. ffraptvbs, stamus.
As STudeo. U, as cUlmus, cUlcita. (3) Voss:
As it sternit, throws itself down on the ground
with violence from on high. ?
Stylôb&ta, pedestal. StwXo^ottjs.
Stylus. See Stilus.
Styptïcus, Styrax, Styx. iTinrriKbs, Sripat, 2tiÍ£.
Suadeo, advise. From '<rav$du, (cravhiw, to speak
to, like irapafivdeofiat, to advise. Hence 'cvtiSÁœ,
much as ó^Aos became i\xos, Vulgus ; and suadeo,
as fiaSACl, madEO. (2) From suavis, suavidus, (like
Gelu, Gelidus,) suavideo, suadeo, like Aveo, Avidus,
Avideo, Audeo ; Gavio, Gavidus, Gavideo, Gaudeo.
To speak sweetly to. (3) Riddle: 'For ôSea,
àvSivw, to please.' Soft for sadeo. Key from aSvs,
sweet.
Suâsum, Insuâsum, which has thoroughly imbibed
a color. ' Gr. ireirexr/te'iw, yielding to. Epigram :
fidupaTi Treidóuevos. Strabo : ireTreiffu^yais iirtKe-
KavgOat tV xp°'lav '■' Salm. Persuaded, says Festus,
to pass into another color.
Suâvis. Suadeo, suadïvus, as Festïvus, Cadîvus,
Lacessîvus Lascîvus. Hence suavus, a, um, and, as
being softer, suavis, e, as íufìpOÍ made gen. imbrIS.
Alluring, charming. Thus Suadus is, having the
power of persuasion, ' fiexanimus,' says Forcell., who
explains suavis ' as said of things first which affect
and delight the senses.'
153
SUB
Suâvillum, cheese-cake. And
Suâvium, a kiss, Suavis.
Sub. As i{, Sex, so iir', sup, and sub, as àn', aB.
Sub—, close by ; from under, up ; in an under
hand manner, privily, imperceptibly, in some little
degree. Above.
Subdo. Sub do, as Addo.
Sûber, the cork-tree. Voss : ' For stdber from suo,
as Tumeo, Tumiber, Tuber. Pliny says it was used
in the winter shoes of females. They used it not only
in winter time for health's sake, but in summer time
to make themselves appear taller. Alexis the Come
dian says : Is any girl little ? Then cork is sewed in
her shoes. (2) Or suber is from vv<pap, which is
used of the outer skin, as of the cast off skin of a
serpent, &c. The tree itself is called suber, like
<peWbs, which properly means the bark of the tree,
but is used for the tree itself, which has throughout
the character of bark. Hence Pliny says : Non
infacetè Grseci appellant corticis arborem. (3) Sca
liger derives it from subeo, because it cannot sink,
but {subit) mounts up in water.' All this from
Voss : but the quantity is an impediment to the
last derivation.
Subgrunda, eaves of a house. Subgerunda: as
annexed. So suggestus is a mound.
Súbïces nubes deûra, the clouds. Subjices, as
Obices. Subjectee, says Festus : cast under the gods.
(2) Subeo, to ascend.
Subiculum, which is cast under. Subjiculum.
Súbïdus. See Insubidus.
Sûb-inde, close after that; one after the other,
from time to time.
Sûbïtus, sudden. Subeo, subitum, to go in an
underhand manner, and rise up on a sudden.
Sublestus, thin, weak. Dacier : ' Scaliger well
for sublespus from xmixuriros, rubbed. As STudeo.'
Sublïca, stake driven in the ground to build on.
As Imáhiairos produced Sublestus, so uiroío^à sub-
dîca or subltca, as aLacris, uLysses, and as ter
minus. 'TiroSoxi) being properly a receiving from
under, a support. So Sublices are explained in Gloss.
Vet. ol iv irorany tìjv yí<pvpav ìmoPturTáÇovres,
bearers up of a bridge in a river. (2) Sublica like
obliqua, i. e. trabs. A transverse beam. (3) Ligo,
subligo, subligica; or subligo, subliga, as Fundo,
Funda.
Subllmis. Sub, from under, as in Suspicio,
Suspiro ; or for sup, i. e. supra limum : Suplimis.
Rising above the mud of earth. Horace : UDAM
Spernit HUMUM fugiente pennâ : ' i. e. ' cœnosam
et lutosam,' Delph. So our Poet : ' But high she
shoots through air and light, Above all low delay,
Where nothing earthly bounds her flight,' &c. (2)
For subliminis, from limen. An upper threshold.
Ennius : Aspice hoc sublimen candens quod vocant
cœlum. (3) ' Sublevimis : comp. uiTtwpos :' Donldh.
u . .
 SUB
Siïbo, i. q. Kanpdw. This from ttdirpos, so subo
from an adj. subus from aifSa£, i. q. Kavpduv. (2)
Stw, nttf, suibo, subo, as biBo; or dat. pi. subus,
subo. So suBulcus.
Sûbôles. See Sôbôles.
Suborno, suborn. Onto. Furnish in an under
hand manner.
. Subrïgo, as Erigo. See Rego.
Subscus, ûdis, joining two pieces of wood, when
the inserted one is like a wedge reversed. Subs,
as Obs, Abs. Cudo. A beating of one with the
hammer close to the other.
Subsïdium. Subsedeo. A body of reserve sitting
or lying by. Compare Insidiœ.
Substantia, a standing under and supporting ; sub
sistence ; the chief element, essence, &c. Substo.
Substantîvum, a noun standing up by itselfwithout
such an aid as the adjective requires. Substo.
Subtëmen, the threads inserted into the warp;
woof or weft. Subtexo, subteximen. Some write
subtegmen, i. e. subteysmen, but Becman says for
subtegimen. (2) Substamen. Varro : Quod subit
stamini.
Subter. Sub. Formed from Inter.
Subtilis, thin, fine. Tela. ' From the finer threads
which in a well-woven web are almost invisible : '
Seal. Or subtextilis. (2) TÍKcu, minute particles.
Subtùs. Sub. Formed from Intùs.
Sûbûcûla, under-tunic. As Induo, so subduo,
subducula, subucula, as in Exuo. (2) Subeo, sub-
ucula.
Subverbustus, a slave. Sub verber. As Augur,
Augustus.
Sûbûla, bodkin. Suo, to sew ; suibula, as Figi-
bula, Fibula.
Sûbulcus, swineherd. Sus, suis. See Bubulcus.
Subulo, i. q. paedico. Subula perforans.
Subulo, a piper. Voss flies to ' the Chald. sibbul,
spica: hence by synecdoche a reed or pipe.' But
why not from subula, a long thin instrument or
awl? then a reed, &c. See under. (2) Donldn.
compares sibilo and <rl<pay.
Subulo, ' a hart called a spitter, having plain
horns like an awl, without knags. Or rather straight
on and simple like a pipe : ' Face, who understands
by subula a pipe.
tt Subûra, -urra, a street in Rome.
Succendo. See Accendo.
Succenseo, am succensus, inflamed with anger.
Succidia, bacon. Sub, catdo, as Succtdo. Kept
and cut from time to time. As Subsecivus.
Succïnum, amber. Pliny says that the ancients
thought it the succum, juice of a tree, whence the
name.
Succu8 : See Sucus.
Succussâtor, a jolting horse. Succutio, cussum.
Siicerda, swine's dung, as Muscerda.
154
SUF
Sûcûla, a little sow. Sus, suis, suicula. Our
people, says Cicero, called the Hyades suculœ;
wrongly thinking that Gr. vcUct came from ûàs, a
sow, not from Su, to rain.
Sûcûla, a winch, windlass. Budseus : 'From its
likeness to a sow, for this machine has also its little
pig or porculus as it is called.' See Porculus.
Sûcus, Succus, juice. Sugo, sugicus, sugcus.
Which we suck. Or suctus, succus.
Sûdârium, cloth for wiping away the sweat. Sudo.
Sûdes, a thick stake. From iaSos in Sappho, for
6(os, a branch. Transp. o-iBos, as "Io-kw, Scio. Es,
as cttÓtOS, stipES. (2) Voss from <rv$i\v, impe
tuously : ' For with these stakes they formerly
rushed to the battle.'
Sûdo. See Sudor.
Sûdor, sweat. From sudo, as Amo, Amor. From
the old Bios, water, whence the dat. S5ei, and
ùSaprjs, watery. Hence a word bSdw or vSóaj, vdû,
sudo.—At the same time SSos, M. Stop, would give
sudor; and, if we could form sudo from it, we need
not resort to the Greek verb. See on Clamo.— S,
as vwip, Super.
Sûdus, fair and dry. As in Securus, for se-udus,
seudus. Without wet. (2) Eùîío, fine weather.
Sueo, Suesco, am wont. As Providens dropt the
V in Pro'idens, Prudens, soleo, solesco (like Insolesco,)
seem to have dropt the L, and have become soëo,
soèsco ; sueo, suesco. Thus dUim was probably from
SClitv; or, as Forcellini thinks, from SOa the Latins
said dUo, dUim, &c. (2) To make anything (nan)
one's own by habit. (3) Isaac Voss from em, to
put on, whence eSa>, eùt'ai, sueo, as 'TVèp, Super.
Thus a Habit is from Habeo, to wear. And such
expressions as eViEijuéVo? &AkV> Be clothed with
humility, &c. are common. And Riddle compares
Í0os, ^floi from ta.
SUFES, a Carthaginian magistrate.
Surffcit, it does or suffices. Facit. Sub is, under
our power ; or for sup, super, over and above.
Suffîo, I perfume. 9ba>, to burn in sacrifice, M,
<pia>,Jio. See Fimus.
Sufflâmen, drag-chain. Suffrago, suffrango, suf-
fragimen, sufframen, soft sufflamen, as 0Aefiealva>,
kAÍ&uvos, liLium, piLgrim. As breaking the
force. See Sufrrago. (2) "rW/SATjjua, S0$\ri/ia,
í!/8^Aâfio, anything put under. F, as Bpéua, Fremo ;
triumPHus, Fluo. (3) Suffio: but with no good
sense.
Suffóco, I choke, put my hand sub faucem, under
the throat, as Prœfoco. So explOdo.
Suffrâgo, the joint of the hinder leg of a beast,
ham. ' For the sake of bending and turning the
foot, Nature has made in the middle of the leg a
fracture or break, called by the Greeks ko/íhti, by
the Latins suffrago from frango : ' Wacht. See
Fragilis.
 SUP
Suffrâgor, I vote for; Suffiâgium, a vote. Prom
tuffrago, mm. Dumesnil : ' The giving one's voice
at an election, a voting for one : a fig. expression,
from the camel that bends his knees to make the
ascent more easy to his rider.' Perott from the
■ suffragines which specially sustain an animal ; by
which it sustains and supports itself.'
Suggillo, Súgillo, beat black and blue. Subigo,
subigillo, subgillo, as Occo, Occillo. (2) Sub oeel-
lum: as inrumdfa. (3) Sub; kv\ov, the hollow
part under the lower eyelid. (4) Sub collum sue-
cillo, as convlcia, illico, inqullinus. (5) Sub, cello
to strike. (6) Sub cilium. (7) Suboccillo.
Suggrunda. See Subgrunda.
Sugo, to suck. Liddell well refers iyphs, wet, to
8», to let drop rain or water: hence there was a
word S(a, fut. vyâ, to let drop, whence also sugo to
make to drop juice, i. e. to suck. Thus Ut and t£a,
Yen and IÇa, were said. (2) Subago, subgo, sugo :
to draw up, as it is also explained ' fodio,' to dig
up. To draw up juice.
Sui, of himself. As from the jEolic utv or ptv
was Mei, so from tu or ts was (as *E, Se,) sei, and
sui, much as bidUum for bidlum.
Suïle, hogsty. Sus, suis, as Bovile.
Sulcus, furrow. From ÓAicbî, as 'Tirip, Super;
and as 'Oyicos, Uncus.
Sulphur, Sulfur. For sulphur, salpur, from à\bi,
irvpós : as compounded partly of fossil salt, and as
being inflammable. S, as "ÏVèp, Snper; U, as
cAlco, cUlcita; PH, as bosPHorus for bosPorus.
{2) From bxóirvpov, íhirvpov, taken in the sense of
all-fiery. U, as "Oyicos, Uncus. (3) From t\Tros,
oil, in Hesychius : M. t\rrop : sulphur being bitu
minous. S added as in Sidus ; U for E, as vEUo,
vUlsus.
Sultis, for si vultis.
Sum, Sunt. Theocr. 2. 3, uses thrra for toma,
and 5. 80, QiKtvvri for (ptXtom, tpthéovcri. Hence
for iovTi could be used tbrri, eftW, and Sunt, as
tttos, Sidus ; &£oy, Saxum. And if for tlui or ipul,
(Z/u was used, this would account for Sum. (2)
But esum is found. And iorl, iaixiy, icnbv, sup
pose (as Riddle sets down) ia/il; and lay!, (as
fiix\ai, macUlse ; 'AcKXrswibs, ^EscUlapius ; <rup\â,
sibllo, &c.) might be pronounced esum. Esunt
from iaini like ridevri; or it could follow like
Regunt. (3) Some suppose the futures fooum,
ïoovTcu, iaon', iaovr, used as presents in esum,
esunt. Sometimes these tenses unite, as ' If I shall
be there,' may be expressed by ' If I am there : '
Tempora si fuerint nubila, by Tempora si sunt
nubila.
Sum, him. See Sas.
Sûmen, a sow's belly with the teats ; an udder
dressed for food. Sugo, sugimen. As being sucked.
Summa, the sum or aggregate. Summus. Some
155
SUP
say, because that is the highest which comprehends
the whole. But better as the ' last.'
Summâno, snatch or devour as greedily as Sum-
manus, Pluto.—Or from sub mantis. To take by or
under the hand, as Supplanto, by or under the foot.
5 as ô in persona.—Carey rejects this sense of sum-
mano, and understands it to flow gently, mano.
Summânus, Pluto. Summus Manium.
Summus. Supremus, supmus, summus: as Ai-
navov, Dapnum, Damnum.
Sumo, Summo, for subimo, subemo, to take from
under, to take up, lay out, spend. See Emo. Sub,
as in Suspicio.
Sumtuôsus, costly. Sumtus, cost. Sumo, sum-
turn.
Sunt. See on Sum 1.
Suo, I sew. Suo appears in the obs. cria, whence
Kaaaioi for Karcurva. And, as 20s is found as well
as TTs, Riddle well connects suo or via with Zw,
whence v<pu or i<pû. Allied to ta, la. See on
Sugo. (2) ' From sus, suis : as formerly the bristles
of hogs were used for sewing instead of needles, as
they are in our days by shoemakers : ' Dumesn.
Siípellex, ectïlis, furniture, chattels, but not plate
and clothes. Voss : ' As being let to [or used by]
ambassadors sub pellibus, under their tents. The
soldiers also wrapped in skins what they took on
their march. Tumebus thinks it first meant what
was placed super lectos, on beds and couches, and
then was more generally used.'
Super. 'Tirèp, as 'Tir', Sub.
Superbus. Super or supero, superlvus, supervus.
So Acerbus. (2) "tirépfSios, as Pariens, Parens.
Superficies, surface. Fades.
Sûpëro, get above, overcome ; live beyond. Su
per.
Sûperstes, ïtis, surviving. Qui stat super, stays
over the time that another does.
Sûperstïtio, a worship which {superstat, supine
superstitum,) exceeds or in which one exceeds the
due bounds. Cicero from parents praying night
and day that their children might be (superstites
sibi) their survivors.
Superas. From super.
Siipina, supines. Lyne : ' So called as being
always UNDER government.' For they are sub^
stantives of the 4th declension, governed by Ad and
In ; even when an accusative follows the supine in
um, just as Plautus has Tibi curatio est hanc rem.
Hence from sub, under; whence subìna, supina.
(2) As {supina) supine and useless in themselves
without prefixes.
Sûpïnus, lying on the back. For subinus, (as
kìvoBos, canoPus,) from sub, 'from under,' as in
Suspicio, Suspire. Thus adj. £vvbs from {iy, ímos
from ròrb, ticaoTpi from c/cos. (2) From supus or
suppus, which last occurs in Lucilius. Daeier:
 SUP
* Suppus is Srrtos, íirtos, inrhs, supus, suppus.' Or
thus : tíimos, ÍÍ7TTOS, tfinros, suppus. As the I is
lost in Lat. parens from parlo.
Supo. See Dissipa.
Suppárum, Sûpârum, Sïpârurn, topsail, streamer;
a linen garment. Dacier from Orb, <pípos (see Sub-
lestus), which Donnegan explains ' a sail, linen
cloth.' "tiro is here 'up,' as in înropBíw, ínrópu,
újroTnjSáw, and Lat. sub in Suspicio, Suspiro. 'Tird-
ipapos, vir(papos, virirapos, supparum, as 'Tirep, Super.
*ápos, says Becman, is short in Hesiod. (2) Voss
and Forcellini notice a word al<papos, a topsail. (3)
Donldn. compares 6<pa<ria. Say a word i<pap6v.
Suppëdïto, I furnish, supply. Place sub pedes, at
the feet of another, as in the Acts, ' laid it down at
the Apostles' feet.' (2) Properly, to furnish pedi-
tem, infantry for a campaign. (3) Said of lackeys,
who, themselves on foot, supply their masters on
horseback. (4) PMo, to prop up.
Suppëtise, aid. Quae suppetunt, are at hand to us.
Suppëto, said of things being present or at hand,
occurring or being. Peto has here its original sense
from beta; suppeto, to go or come close to. See
Prœpes, petis. (2) néru, to fall ; Trnreru, iríirrw.
To fall out, take place.
Supplanto, trip up by or under my foot. Planta.
Suppleo. See Impleo.
Supplex, plïcis, suppliant. From sub,plico, n\tKu.
Folding the knees under, bending the knees. Ains-
worth adds, ' and the hands also.'
Supplïcium, prayer. Above.
Supplïcium, condign punishment. From supplex,
ids. Riddle : ' A kneeling down in order to show
respect. 2. A kneeUng down in order to be be
headed j hence capital or any corporal punishment.'
Scaliger understands it of prayers made to the gods
to deprecate their anger at the killing of a citizen.
Hill, of the sufferer begging for mercy, or bending
under the severity of his punishment.
Suppus, Supus. See Supinus.
Suprà, above. Supera" parte.
Sûprêmus, highest ; last. Superus, superrimus,
suprëmus. As Extremus.
Sura, calf of the leg. With S as in Saltus, Sidus,
from oipà, the hinder part i. e. of the leg, sura
cruris. U, as Musa.
Surculus, a small branch. Surus, suriculus. (2)
Surgo, surgiculus. ' Things which rise spontaneously
to the light of day are said surgere : ' Wacht. ?
Surdus, deaf. As Se-udus, Sudus, so se-auridus,
suridus, surdus, without ears, i. e. without hearing.
Horace : Auritas quercus. (2) Sordes, sordidus.
The ears being filled with dirt or wax. Horace :
Purgatam aurem. This would agree better with the
' surdus color ' of Pliny : i. e. dirty-looking, obscure,
faint.
ft Surêna, a kind of fish.
156
TAB
Surgo, raise or rise up. For mrrigo, surrego,
from sub, ' from under,' as in Suspiro, Suspicio,
Suscito. Subrigit aures, Virg. Or sub is for sup,
i. e. supra. As surgo, so is Pergo for Perrigo, and
Surpite. See Eego.
Surio, i. q. xairpia. Sus, suis, anc. sueris : as
properly said of them.
Surpïte. For surripite.
Sursum, -ùs, upwards. Superversùm, or sub-
versùm, sub meaning from under, up, as in Suspicio.
Surus, branch, stake. Sudes, suderus, as Vespe-
rus, Creperus. (2) Ainsw. from Spos or ovpos, a
boundary : this being usually marked out by them.
Ennius has crebrisurum, 'VALLUM crebris suris
munitum : ' Fore.
Sus, a swine. 2Cs.
Susque deque, up and down. For sursusque
deorsusque. And susque deque habeo, I care just as
much if it goes up, or if down : i. e. not at all.
Suscipio. Subs for sub as in Sustineo, Suscito,
&c. Capio.
Sûsïnus, of lilies. "Zoiaivos.
Suspensus, hanging between hope and fear. Pen-
deo. See Suscipio.
Suspicio. Subspecio.
Suspïcor, I suspect. Suspïcax, suspicious. Sub
specio. Sub, in an underhand manner. Or simply
to look up.
Suspïrium, a sigh. Sub, spiro.
Sustento, hold up. Substineo.
Sûsum, upwards. Subversum.
Sûsurrus, a whisper. ' Formed from the sound : '
Fore. (2) From ylBvpos by corruption. Hesych.
explains aavaaphs by tyiBvphs, though it is thought
it should be \jia6vp6s. (3) Or this ffavaapós.
Sûtëla, guile. Sua. Plautus : consutis dolis. As
Medela.
Suus. From sui.
Sy— ; All words so beginning are Greek. It is
necessary to specify only
Sylva, Silva. As 'Eirrà, Septem, S\a, v\Fa,
sylva. ' Words, though of Greek origin, passed by
long adoption into the Latin spelling, like Fama,
Silva:' Forcell. So, he observes, some write in-
clltus from $yK\tros. So stilus from orTAos, and
frlgo, and lacrlma. (2) As Example, 'Xample,
Sample, and Expend, 'Xpend, Spend ; so from fiiAov
could be xyUva, (as Cadiva,) xylva, sylva. (3)
Sileo, siliva, silva, from the silence of the groves.
Syrus, Sirus, a broom. From o-ipa, as drawing
away the dust and dirt.
T.
Tabânus, a gadfly. Tabeo. 'From its taper
shape : ' Turt. So Ainsw. : Quod tabet corpore. (2)
Instilling tal/em, venom by its bite.
 TAB
Tabella, little board, tablet, ballot ; writing on a
tablet, bill, bond, letter. Tabula.
Tábellârius, postman. Above.
Tâbeo, melt away, rot. TnKta, whence tijkíSìv j
M. Toireai, as \íKoï, luPus. Hence tabeo, as nú£os,
Buxus. (a) Tabes for tacibes from raxea, as
Foveo, Fovimes, Fomes : Sterno, Stratum, Stratiges,
Strages : Facio, Faciber, Faber. Or for tagibes from
tago, tango, as Contagium.
Tâberna, stall, shed, shop, tavern. Tabula, tabu-
lerna as Caverna. Made of boards, (a) Trabs,
traberna.
Tábernâcúlum, tent. Above.
Tabes, melting, rotting ; corrupt matter, &c. See
Tabeo.
Tabllnum, where records, &c. are kept ; walk on
the top of a house, covered with planks. Tabula,
labulïnum.
Tabula, board, plank. As Figo, Figibula, Fibula,
and Fabula, so from ravahs, outstretched, long, or a
form ravbs, as in ravvy\a><r<ros, &c. may be tanibula,
tabula : defined by Forcellini ' lamina arboris in lon-
gitudinem et latitudinem secta.' As from raco,
tcÍ6A.oï, tí)\oï is Ti)\ia, a flat board, (a) From
this tijAÍo, M. Tà\ía, transp. rat\a ; and much as P
in Sais, daPis, and Aôar, laPis, so taBila, or tabula
as bidlum, bidUum.
Tábúlârius, Tâbûlâtum. Above.
Tâbum, gore, poison. From tabeo like Tabes.
A melting or wasting away by infectious disease;
corrupt moisture ; diseased state of the body.
Taceo, am still, silent. From cucta, says Riddle :
and indeed Bailey on Forcellini states that the
jEolians prefixed T, as in T«rrà for 'Euro. Yet,
rather from a compound KaraKeu, Va/céw, as Td-
\aKTOs, Lactis. (2) From Sàicéœ, to sit, i. e. to
sit still. So crëpido from xpHiriSa. (3) From
éWoKo, whence iaranéa, OTaxéw, and taceo, as
2<j>d\\ai, Fallo. To stand still.
Tàcïturnus. Above.
Tœda, pitch-tree ; torch made of it ; nuptial torch ;
plank made of the tree. AaiSa acc. of Sats, a torch ;
and resin in Sa-ScíSns, &c.
Taedet, it irks, wearies. From rà àijSíj, TariSij.
'AvSía is explained by Stephens tcedium, and òtjîí-
(ofitu tœdio afficior.—'hnSia also occurs ; and, if we
suppose a compound kototjSc'o), this (as TáXaRros,
Lactis,) could become taëdeo, tœdeo, or KaranSet,
tœdet. (8) From SiôSeî, formed from àSe'w, ' tœdio
afficior,' Steph. Used transitively : tœdio me valde
afficit. Hence SatSfî, and tœdet, as AaîSo, Tœda,
just preceding. (3) Ainsw. from Siaiîeírcu. ? (4.)
Aoffw, fut. SaXSZ. ' Laniat,' Scheid. But it would
rather be Sa'iyZ.
Taenia, woollen riband ; tape-worm ; reef. Tatvia.
Tagax, thievish. Tago, tango.
Tâlâria, sandals covering the tali.
157
Talansus, -ins, -io, a name pronounced aloud at
nuptials. Livy 1. 9 derives it from one Talassius at
the seizure of the Sabine women, (a) Taxáaios, a
wool-spinner.
Tâlea, branch, stake, pile, small beam. ®aX\bs,
a scion, bough : QâKos too is a branch, twig. T, as
laTeo.
Tálentum, talent. TáXamov.
Tâlio, retaliation, like for like ; from
Talis, such as. TvXÍkos, tôXìkos, corrupted to
toáïks, tSAi£, and talis, as oAonr^H, Fou\tct}3.,
VulpeS ; rpátpriS, rpà<pa, trabS. See Qualis.
Talitrum, a rap with the finger. Voss : ' Talus
seems to have been anc. said of the little bones of
the hand as well as the foot. Gloss. Philox. :
Talares, KÁvSvKoi vohStv : Talarii, kSvSvKoi xtlpZv.r
Talpa, a mole. Tu<j>\à, rv\<pa, blind ; talpa, as
Ktvhs, cAnis ; kTAi£, cAlix. Virgil : Oculis capti
talpœ.
Tâlus, pastern-bone ; the ankle from its form ;
game with pastern-bones. Taxillus, as Vexillum,
Velum.
Tam. As inovo-aS, musaM ; so tarn is rày i. e.
rairny • in this way, so. So t?) and oSrws. Thus
Jam is lam or Earn ; Quàm is the fern. acc. of Qui ;
Unquam is Unicam ; and Alias the acc. fern. pi. of
Alius, (a) For tantùm. (3) Short for talem:
i. e. secundum talem rationem.
TAMAR1X, -RISCUS, -RICE, tamarisk. Hebr.
tamaric, abstersion. From its cleansing and purify
ing the blood.
Tâmen. Tà /ilv, i. e. kotA toûto ftiv, oSra fiiv,
considering p.h like iíÍvtoi. (3) From tam : Ridd.
See Autem.
Tâmetsi, although. Tamen-eisi.
Taminia uva. Dacier: ' Taminum or lamina,
whence Attamino, was a spot or taint. Hence
taminia, spotted, marked, hence called also Variana,
Variola, as we learn from Pliny and Macrobius.'
Tandem, at length. Dôderlein for tam demum.
Riddle for tam-dem. (a) Or, for tamen demum, yet
at last. Key and Donldn. for tamendem. (3)
Others say for turn demum, i. e. tundem. Rather
for tantundem, so much, so far. Thus : ' One spoke
so much ; the other began,' is the same as, ' One
spoke : at length the other began.' (4) For dandem,
as Tarda for Dœda, AaíSa. From Sàv Moi. of ÍV,
long : with dem affixed, as in Pridem, Tantundem.
Tango. Tago, tango, as Frago, Frango ; from
tcÍ^i», fut. râyû, a. 2. rtraydiv, having laid hold of.
Tango, to trick one out of. As tango chordas is
to sweep, so to sweep one out of, as Emungo. Or
to touch, take, with acc. of person, as Or. iipaipov-
fiaí <re.
Tanquam, just as. Tam quàm.
Tantisper, for so long. Tantis temporibus. Per,
soever, irfp, as in Paruinper.

Tantopëre. Plautus, tanto opère.
Tantùm, only. Tantus. So much and no more.
Tantus, so great. Tarn, tamtus, as Quantus : like
oùtíÍî. N, as taNquam, priNceps.
Tápanta, factotum. Tct trívra.
Tâpês, Tapêtum, Tápînôma. GR.
TARANDUS, a Scythian animal.
Târâtalla, Martial's pun on the Homeric Mi<r-
rvWév T AparaWa.
' Tardus, slow. As Rapidus, Frigidus, so trahidus
from traho, which often meansprotraho, to protract,
defer, put off. Virgil : Tot traxisse moras. Drawl
ing on, dilatory, slow. Trahidus, trahdus, tardus :
as jSpaSùs, bARdus. (2) As from Tltpay 's, Tlpàvs,
is Trans, and from <rtlvS4a> is sTudeo ; so (as B and
P are commutable, AÍTpo, \ilipa, becoming liBra,)
PpaSvs could become rpaibs, rapSbs, tardus. (3)
Contr. from a word rap$<íSris, fearful, like rapixdSys
and rpax<iSris. (4) From a word rdpSriv, like apSnv,
àípSnv, from reipu, riraprcu, whence ai-aprripós .
Like one worn out.
Tarmes, wood-worm. Tdpu, rcrapp-ai, to fret, as
TepTjStíty.
Tartarus. Tdprapos.
Tasconium, a potter's earth. Ainsw. à loco
Tasco.
Tata, daddy. Tc£to.
Tatae, strange ! ' Tarai, rwrrtà, like larrarai : '
Steph.
'saura, barren cow. Taipa.
Taurea, leathern thong : from the hide tauri, of
a bull.
Taurii, -ei, -ilia, games to the infernal gods.
Festus has handed down one strange story, and
Varro another, about the origin of this word : both
deriving it from taunts, an ox : but it is better
called simply from the sacrifice of oxen, $ov<poyia,
as Forcellini explains the word.
Taurus, bull, ox. tavpos. Also the space between
the podex and the scrotum : and also the veretrum.
Gr. ravpos, whence àralipvûTOS,
Tax tax, sound of a stroke with a whip. Formed
from the whim of Plautus. ' A fictitious word : '
Forcell. (a) Tango, taxi. Horace : Flagello tange
Chloen. See Taxim.
Taxillus, whence talus, (as Paxillas, Palus,) a
pastern-bone. From tago, taxi, or taxo, to touch
often or closely. As being in constant collision with
the fetlock and the hoof. See Tango.
Taxim, softly, gradually. Tango or tago, taxi.
By touching. Johnson defines to Touch, ' to handle
slightly, without effort or violence.'
Taxo, I reproach, tax. Tango as above. Mre say,
He touched me to the quick. ' To Touch, to
censure, animadvert on : ' Johnson.
. Taxo, I rate, tax. TáVffai, £w.
Taxus, yew-tree. Tá£os in Galen: though Stephens
158
TEM
will have rd£os to be the Latin word, (a) ' Perhaps
from tó^ov, a bow, as made of it : ' Ainsw. A, as
lAncea.
Te, thee. M. ri.
Techna, trick. Tixvn-
Tectôrium, plaster as covering a wall. Tego,
tectum.
Tectum, roof. Tego.
Tëges, mat, rug. Tego. As covering the floor.
Tegmen, covering. Tego, tegimen.
Tëgo, I cover. îrfyu, réyu whence tiyos.
Têgula, a tile. Tëgo, as Régula.
Tela, web of cloth. Teoco, texêla, as Tutëla.
Tëlámônes, small figures bearing the pillars of a
building. Tt\afiS>yfs in Liddell.
t Telânae ficus ; written also Telliante, prob. from
one Tellius.
Tëlëta, Tëlis. GR.
Tellënse tricae. Heraldus : 4 Taken perhaps from
Gr. rà toO T4Wr)Vos àtíSety, to repeat over and over
the same song.' Some read Atellanœ.
Tellus, earth. TtWovaa, rtWova', ' which makes
to rise or come forth.' Matth. 5. 45. Donnegan
translates t(\Kw ' to cause to exist, to produce.'
That is, réWovaa yrj. In the book of Job we read
of ' the things which grow out of the dust of the
earth.' (a) From flflAus, (eijWus,) fruitful, pror
ductive. Thus the L is doubled in Fello from $r)\â,
JE. tpn\û.
Tëlônium, toll-booth. T(\úvioy.
Tëlum, weapon. From ttjAc. As sent to a dis
tance, (a) From tego, tegulum, or texi, texillum,
as Vexillum, Velum. As covering the body in close
combat, for it is used also in this sense. (3) From
Ky\ov, M. TrjXov, as Trjvos for Ktivos. (4) Hem-
sterhuis : From ria, rdehov, tt)\ov, i. e. í34\os, was
telum, jaculum in longum protensum.
Tëmëre, inconsiderately, lightly, at random, con
fusedly. As Stella is for Astella through Asterula,
and Lamina from 'EXayneVa, so temerus is from a
word àBfutpos, unwise, imprudent, from Scftcpbs,
whence 6eiiep6<ppav, prudent, wise. So Moereo
perhaps from 'A^oipe'a : and see Milvus, Egeo. T,
as Aa0€i», laTeo. (2) From TE/tû, riitvu, temno :
to act in a contemptuous manner to.
Tëmëro, violate, profane. I. e. to act temerè
towards.
Têmêtum, wine. Soft for tmetum, Tjityrbv, severed,
from réfutai, as Merum from fiipû to divide off.
Temno. Tc/iyw, to cut off i. e. from communi
cation with myself. We commonly say. To cut a
person. Luke 6. 22 : ' When they shall separate
you [from their company].'
Têmo, carriage-pole. ' Lignum longum et ex-
tensum : ' Forcell. From a word TÍipuv formed
from ram, Tfrnptai, the root of titoÍvu, extendo.
Virgil : Pedes temo PROTENSUS in octo.—Or, as
 TEM
riraíva is to stretch or draw along, temo could
answer to our draught-pole.
Tempe, the vale of Tempe, Tí/tirca. Any pleasant
spots.
Terapërans, temperate. Tempero. Refraining.
Tempëries, a mixing in due proportion ; tem
perate climate. From
Tempero. I assign a certain {tempus) season or
measure to, deal with things as is seasonable or
convenient ; temper, qualify, moderate.
Tempestas. From tempus, as Egestas, Majestas.
Good or bad weather or season.
Templum, a space divided off and marked out,
as Téfievos. Both from réfit/a), Te/tw. Temulum,
temlum, templum, as P perhaps in exemPlum, and
B in <rlfíB\oy, pic<rriij3pla. Thus Contemplor is to
look about a space marked off. (2) Tempto,
temptulum, to explore, as applied to the space in
the heaven looked at by the Augurs.
Tempori, Tempëri, in good time. Tempus,
temper.
Tempora, the temples. For there the pulse is
felt, and its time of beating known. The time, says
Quincy, the spiral fibres are returning to their
natural state, is the distance between two pulses.
Tempus. From riium, rc/iâ, as p6pos, morBus.
Divided into sections, as seasons, years, &c. Rid
dle : ' A portion cut on", as of the heavens which the
sun measures off every hour which is determined by
the course of the sun.'
Têmulentus (or Të-), given to wine. Temetum,
temetulentus.
Tënax, holding fast. Teneo.
TendïcûUe, tenter-hooks for stretching cloth.
Nets, &c. Tendo retia, &c.
Tendo. TeiVw, revâ, tenDo, as morDeo, panDo.
The D seems to come from the T in the Greek per
fect passives, Tr4<jxafTcu, &c. Or from the D which
is formed from it, <pái>Aa, àf'pATje. Thus from obs.
&\a, Latin Alo, was formed &AAu, whence à\-
Aatvay.
Tënëbrse, darkness. Soft for denebrœ, as Tseda
from AaiSo, Tesqua from Adffxta. From Sevo<ppcà
transposed from Svo<ptpai, dark, as a^iyavov became
<pá<ryavov, àpiQfiçiv àfudpeîv, ffKeTTlcà Specio. B, as
&ix<bw, amBo ; E, as í<nrO/>oj, aspErus. (2) Lateo,
Latebrae would lead to teneo, tenebrœ ; as keeping
one back, detaining, delaying. But ?
Tënellus, delicate. Tener.
Tëneo. From Ttvíw, rcyâ, reiva, to extend (the
hand). So ttj, i. e. rde, is Take ; and Terary&iv,
having laid hold of ; and Tango. Plautus : ' POR-
RIGE brachium, prehende. Jam tenesi'
Tëner, tender. Tépevos, transp. Ttvtpos, (as
«rKEIIiái, sPECio,) gen. of ripitv. (2) Teíj/a>, t(V&.
Which can be extended, pliant, yielding.
Tënesmus, bloody flux. GR.
159
TER
Tënor, an uninterrupted course ; from teneo. So
Continuus. (2) From tc'ww, revu. Said of things
stretching out in a row. Formerly tonor, says
Quintilian. Then from pers. TeVova, whence vivos,
rivop. This applies to the tone or accent of a word,
as spoken of by him.
Tensa, Thensa, a chariot in processions. Dacier:
' For the statues of the gods, as they were carried in
these chariots, were covered on all sides with linen
cloths, tenuis, spread out like a couch or shrine.'
Tendo conopeum, prsetorium, &c. was a phrase in
use. The H was adopted by some for euphony, as
in tropHaeum, bospHorus. So aù0eVrijs for av-
TcVtjjj.
Tentîgo, ubi tenditur veretrum. Tendo, tentum.
Ut Origo.
Tento, to try. Usually referred to tendo, tentum :
To apply the hands to any work, and so to try ; or
to feel, examine, try. In jEn. 1. 91, ' Viris in
tentant omnia mortem,' this is manifestly true :
Stretch over. (2) Temno, temtum, temto, tento.
Thus tentare pericula. Indeed some write temptare
from temptum. (3) Voss from teneo, tentum. To
hold much and long, so as to feel or prove anything.
Tentorium, tent. Tendo, tentum. Having its
awning stretched out against the sun and rain.
Tenuis, thin. From rdvw, revu, to stretch out,
make long and thin : or from ravabs, as Suidas :
Tayaû<pTì' KeirTQVtpij.
Tënus, a net. Tevû fut. of rtutt, to lay along, as
Tendicula.
Tënùs, as far as. From reiva, row, to extend as
far as. (2) Bp. Bntler from teneo : ' It means con
tiguity or holding on to a certain limit and no
further.' Ainsworth : ' Quod propinquum est,
tenere videtur.' (3) Scheid cites Hesychius :
T4)VT}S' tus.
Tëpeo, to be tepid. Tt<pu was an old form of
riipu to smoke, smoulder, whence is ri<ppa cinders,
and Tcxpos. Liddell says : ' T4<ppa, (rv<pa,) ashes.'
But clearly there was an old form Tf<pa> to account
for T€<ppa. From this tc'^k» or r(<p4a> is tepeo, as
Kp6<r*opos, prosPerus. Yet Haigh deduces tepeo
from Tv<pa, fut. 2. Tvípû or Tv<pé<n, as pejEro from
perjUro.
Ter, thrice. From rpU, corrupted into i-lpr, and
Tip before consonants, as /ut'xpi? aud ii*xPl- We
transpose Three into 'sheer in Thirty. E, as iròlp,
puEr.
Terdêni, 30. Terdeceni.
Tërëbinthus, turpentine-tree. GR.
Tërëbra, gimlet. Tero, as Vertebra. (2) T(p4u,
whence rcptrpov.
Tërëdo, wood-worm. TepvSdv.
Teres, tapering, round and smooth. From rcipa,
repû. Worn away by a rounding wheel. Virgil :
Radios trivere rotis. Forcellini explains tero ' torno,
 TER
to turn : quod fit abradendo.' And Tipvos is a
turner's wheel, which is from riropa.
Tergeo, -go, scour, wipe. Riddle from ripaa,
rérepica, to dry.
Tergum, Tergus. Riddle says: ' Tergus, (trrcpi-
<pbs, arepcpbs,) the back : hence the body of animals;
a hide, skin, covering.' Rather, all these senses
flow from the hardness expressed by (nepupbs, hard,
firm j whence aripipos, hide, skin. The back being
called from the hardness of the back-bone, in the
same way that the Breast is called Srépvov from the
hardness of the Breast-bone. Nicander has a form
Tfp<pos for skin, which approximates nearer to
tergus, as xapXa\4os was used as well as icap&aKéos.
There might be a form arepixbs as well as- <rrept<pbs,
and iTTcpxbs or rtpxbs would produce tergus. Or,
as énofuxi through cKojuai produced Hequor, Sequor;
and as ïnrioí through ÏKKos produced Equus ;
arréf&os through a change a-rtpXos could produce
tergus. (2) Or from ripaa, to dry, the future also
réptra, (for Nicander has répirov, réptrai, répaaio,)
perf. rcrtpica, though it is not used. This could
produce a word ripxos or rtpxos, which would be
tergus. Tep<rf)eis, like arepitpbs, is hard, rigid:
Steph. 9139. See Tergeo. (3) Tergum, the skin,
has been referred also to Sepco, StSepxa, to skin. As
Tœda from AaîSa. Then, the back, as slaying usually
commenced with the neck, shoulders, or back.
Termentum, for terimentum, the same as Detri-
mentum.
Termes, a bough, branch, cut off from a tree, not
too full of leaves, nor too smooth and bare. Thus
Festus. Forcellini explains termes, ' round, and
somewhat smooth, as the trunk of a tree,' &c.
Hence from teres, and terimes, termes, as Foveo,
Fovimes, Fomes. We find teretes stipites, tereti olivae,
teres virga. (a) Acpay, StSfppuu, to bare a tree.
As Sópv. (3) As anpiiuev ' from txpoi is strictly
a bough or branch, which ends in smaller branches
and twigs, but is used simply for a branch, twig,'
(Lidd.) so termes, from ripfia. an end. Forcell. ex
plains Turio ' tenuis ramusculus qualis in SUMMIS
arboribus.'
Terminus, boundary. Tépiiuv, ovos.
Tëro, rub, bruise. Tcípai, repâ.
Terpsichore, a Muse. GR.
Terra. From riffa, Mo&c of ripaa, to dry.
Dry land, as opposed to sea. In Genesis : Let the
dry (land) appear. So fypb is dry land. (2) For
teUera, (as Patera, Arcera,) from riXKa, to make to
spring up ; whence riWova", Tellus. (3) Cor
rupted from ipq, (whence épaÇt,) the ground.
Terreo, frighten. From reípa, Mol. fut. riòpu,
to distress ; from whose fut. 2. rapâ are rapdaaa
and rapBiu ; and from repâ are repas, a portent,
and rpiw, rpifiu, Tremo.
Terrïtôrium. Terra. See Meditullium.
160
TIB
Tersus, clean. Tergo.
Tertius. Ter. (2) Tpíros, rlpros.
Teruncius, coin of 3 wncice.
Tesca, Tesqua, places shady, rough, uncultivated.
AdtTKia, very shady : as Timor, grEssus, and parlens,
parens. (2) Verrius explains it, places designed for
augury ; hence referred to 9vax6os, a priest who
slew victims.
Tessella. From tessera.
Tessera, square die or tally, tile. Tiaaapa, four.
(2) IWiriis, jEol. Tctrabp, a die.
Testa, tile, brick, shard. For tosta, baked, as
vEster.
Testâmentum, a will. Testor. Witnessed by the
testator's seal.
Testïcûlus. Testis virilitatis. Soboles sunt apud
Juvenalem ' argumenta viri.'
Testimonium. Testis: as Sanctimonium.
Testis, witness. From fle<rT7js (as irpio-THS,
pristIS,) formed from Tifleo-Toi, as Staiibs from
riOtfffUU, perf. of Ttfhjfii. Hesiod has jiaprvpa
OeVfleu, and fleVflai /idprvpas was generally used.
Thus fleVrris was one constituted a witness. Or in a
middle sense : one who deposes, which is from pono,
Testu, earthen vessel. See Testa.
Testûdo, from testa : a vaulted roof, bending down
sideways like a tortoise-shell ; a wooden shell used
in sieges, under which the besiegers worked ; and a
lyre, as anciently made of the shells of tortoises.
Tët&nus, cramp. Tiraros.
Têter, Tseter, hideous, ugly, foul. Either reading
is good, says Forcellini. Hence from tœdet, tœditum
is taditer, teeter. Forcellini explains ' tœdet quoti-
dianarum harum formarum' in Terence, I am dis
gusted with. And teeter is disgusting, offensive.
(2) From tô irépa, on the left hand. (See Steph.
3883, 4.) To he rejected as ill-omened, abomi-
nandus, abominable.
Tëtrá : All Greek.
Tëtrans, the fourth part. Ttrpds. N, as ia
Quadrans.
Tëtrïcus. Teter, as Unicus.
Texo, I weave. From tego, texi. Forcellini :
' Quia tramâ stamen tegitur.' Scaliger : ' Invicem
tegimus tramam et stamen.' (2) From ráaaa, tóÇw,
to arrange, dispose. As grEssus for grAssus, dEnsus
for dAnsus. (3) Haigh : ' From (tÌkw, Te{<c,)
Teix<D, to make, build.'
Th : All words so beginning are Greek.
Thêta, death. 0 being the initial of ©cívotos,
death, and used on ballots in voting for life or
death.
Thrax, 0pà{, a gladiator: most of them being
TAracians.
Tiâra, a turban. Tiapa.
Tíbi. See Mihi. .
 TIB
Tibia. Properly, the shin-bone ; from <rrv<pbs,
hard, rough ; whence stiphia, like Gloria ; stibia, as
S/i#<o, am Bo; and tibia, as 'iTtya and Téya, Tego;
2ipá\\a, Fallo. Also a flute, originally of the tibia
of cranes, stags, &c. (2) Turton for tubia from
tubus. From its resemblance to it.
Tîbïcen, a piper. Tibiicen,iromtibid cano. Hence
BI is long.
Tîbïcen, pillar, prop. Above. Perhaps properly
a flute for singing, then any column. Festus says :
As the singers hold up the flutes, so these do
buildings.
Tïchôbates, a runner on walls, TtixoPirvs.
Tïgillum. lignum, as Sigillum.
Tignum, rafter, beam. As Xriya, 'Xreyavbv,
Síkío Ion. could make Senavbv, whence tegnum,
tignum : which would agree with Sokòs, a beam, from
SfKie : ' For, in building, beams are received at their
ends into other pieces of timber:' Parkh. 'For
they receive the weight of the building : ' Lenn.
But Dumesnil understands tignum also, ' a stake
rammed into the earth to build upon ; ' therefore to
receive the building. (2) In the sense of the com
pound contingo, whence contiguum. As joining
things together, whence Tignarius is a 'joiner.'
(Forcell.) Ulpian has a chapter De tigno juncto.
Tignum, like Regnum. So fErtum from fArcio,
like refErtum : and so splcio for spEcio, vlgeo for
vEgeo. (3) But Ulpian from tego : tignum, he
says, being said of any materials for building, e. g.
timber, tiles, mortar, stone, &c. : all, I suppose, con
tributing to cover us from the weather. Tignum, as
Lignum.
Tigris, a tiger. Tlypis, riypqs.
Tflia, lime-tree. Soft from tt/Aov : ' Its white
leaves being like feathers : ' Turt. So ïlrevvh,
Penna. (2) Un\éa, the elm.
Timeo, Timor. Aeî/ws, Mo\. Sttuop. T, as Tseda.
Naevius has timos. Eustath. acknowledges Site,
whence Bailey supposes M. Siuop. (2) Tiuia,
timeo.
Tinea, tape-worm, moth-worm. 'From -raivia:'
Fore. Rather, from Ttvia which Schneider acknow
ledges. Claudian uses tinea for a louse, which
would suit better perhaps the derivation of Isidorus
from teneo, to hold, cling to. For tënea.
Tingo, to wet, dye. Téyya.
Tinnio, to tinkle, clink, chirp, &c. ' Said properly
of metals when struck, and formed from the sound
tin tin : ' Forcell. (2) Tono : Ridd. Or róvos.
Tinnuncúlus, Tinuncûlus, Tintinnunculus, castrel,
a hawk. Tinnio. 'Named from its noise : ' Turt.
Tintionâbulum, a bell. Tintinno, ring.
Tintinnaculus, ' who beats slaves till they tingle
again : or from the noise of the jerks. Or a hang
man who used bells as he went to do execution : '
Aiusw. Below.
161
TOL
Tintinnio, Tintinno, Titinno, to tingle, ring. See
tinnio.
Tinus, called with us the laurustinus: which
perhaps was the full word, as Vespertïnus : or, if
the I is short, as Diutinus, Serotinus. Riddle ha9
the first long.
Tippûla, Tipûla, water - spinner. Frequenting
Tlcpea, marshes. Varro : ' Frigidos transit lacus.'
Tiro, raw recruit. As rpifia is to practise oneself
in a thing, so relpa (whence rpi/Sw, through repâi,
rtplw, rpia, whence Tritus,) could be the same,
and Tcipuv is tiro.
Tirocinium. As Lenocinium.
Tis, of you, in Plautus. Dor. tcîî (Valp. Gr. Gr.
185): reis, teis, as epptyu, frlgo: then tis. So
Mis, Sis.
Tïsïphônë, Tîtânes, Tïthyraâlus. GR.
Titillo, tickle; hence entice. Redupl. from
rl\\a>, to pluck out hair.
Titio, firebrand, from a word Qvtiìsv, from dia, to
smoke, whence Bvp.a\wtfi, a firebrand. (2) Atri;,
a fagot, Scrubs. (3) AqSiov.
Titivillitium. Festus says it is a word of no
meaning : but Fulgent. Plane, says it means rotten
threads which fall from the webs. A compound of
Tvr6bs, tvttùs, small, and villus. See Tritavus and
Salmacidus. (2) Titi, from the sound li ti, as in
t!t꣞> ' to cry ti ti, chirrup like a young bird : '
Lidd. I.e. tufts of hair of as much worth as a
chirrup. (3) Gronov. says: The villus of one
Titus. ?
Tïtúbo, stumble. Morland : ' From tÓxtí», rtrvipa,
impingo pedem.' Hence a new verb rtTÍípa, titubo.
Or Tvwû, T6TUTT», as TÍAAw, Titillo. Thus Offendo,
to strike against, is from Fendo, to strike. (2) From
Tvipóa, â, to wrap in smoke or mist: in a passive
sense. (3) From TurBà fìâ, tvttò. or ruBà $â,
parùm eo.
Tïtûlus, inscription, title on a tomb, &c. Redupl.
from titìiî, from ria, rérirai : Honored. See
Titillo.
Tocullio, a little usurer. TokuAAiW.
Tôfus, sandstone, rotten-stone. Tií<f>os and ro<ptai>
in Liddell. But, as O is long, rather from a form
raxpós. AU from obs. ré<pa, whence Tt<ppa. Tofus,
' lapis combustus et cinereus,' Is. Voss.
Toga, a loose flowing robe, worn in the city, and
opposed to Sagum, worn in war. Hence used for
peace. From a word royit, formed from r4ya,
TÍToya, whence réyos; shortened from ariyu, as
2cj>áAAw, Fallo.
Tolëro, I bear. See Tollo. Compare Genero.
Tôles, disease of the tola; for tonsillœ, as Vexillum,
Velum.
Tollëno, engine for raising weights. Tollo.
Tollo, I lift up, take off. From réAAa, réroXa,
to rise, to make to rise. The L doubled as in Mellis
 TOL
from Me'\i. Only one appears in tolero and tuli,
from a verb roxiw, £>, toi), tolere, whence tolero, as
Recipio, Recipere, Recipero. So f}o\4a>, Matthias 227.
We find opi-tulor.
Tôlûtim, in an ambling pace. Tollo, as Solutim.
Raising the feet gently.
Tômâcûlum, sausage. To^jj, a cutting. Cut up
small. Gr. Kouua.
Tômentum, stuffing for cushions, &c. Tondeo,
tondimentum. Things cut up. Martial calls it
' concisa palus,' cut-up sedge, (a) Tumeo, tumi-
mentum. Martial: Tumeat tibi culcita lanis. So
abdOmen. (3) To/xí), a cutting. ?
Tómix, a cord. 0á>/xi{.
Tômus, piece of paper, part of a book. Tófios.
Tondeo, clip, shear. As the D is added in Mordeo,
so tondeo from to/ìÍ), a cutting off or down, whence
a word rouia, allied to rouit», to need cutting, and
rouevat, to cut. N for M, as queNdam, taNquam,
and as perhaps teNto for teMto.
Tônïtru, thunder. Tono, Hum.
Tôno, to thunder. From tóvos, ' said of sounds,
a straining, pitching : ' Lidd. ' Sonus intentus et
vehemens:' Forcell. (2) From Bóvos formed from
tÍSovo. perf. of 9dva>, to strike. As Ka®4u, laTeo.
Tonsa, blade of an oar. From tondeo. Properly,
shaved off and made into an oar.—Others from
tundo, tunsum : Quâ tunditur aqua.—And from
tondeo in the sense of seco : Quâ aqua est tonsa i. e.
secta.
Tonsillar, from tonsa. Two round glands placed
on the sides of the base of the tongue : hence fanci
fully compared to oars working on the sides of a
boat. Dryden : Ere fin-like oars did spread from
either side. See Sororio.
Tonsor, Tonstrîna. Tondeo.
Tonus, Tôparcha, Tôpâzon. GR.
Tôper, Topper, immediately; and as Gr. rixa,
perhaps. Toto opere, as Magnopere : with all one's
might. Totper, topper.
Tôpia, figures cut in trees. Voss : 'Some from
•niiror; as representing certain spots or places.
Better from rima, cords; for shrubs, after being
braided to represent figures, they bound together
with cords. Some think that the figures represented
cords.' (a) Or, as sOboles, mOla, nOctis, from
TOTrfîo formed from riiros, a figure, representation :
' figura, effigies, picta vel ficta vel sculpta,' Steph.
(3) Koitíío, M. Toireta. From kóttu, to cut. (4)
To/teîa, M. roneia, from tÍktu, to create, frame.
As luPus.
Topïca, Topïcë. GR.
Tôral, furniture tori of a bed.
Torcûlum, -ar, wine or oil-press or vat. Torgueo,
torquulum. As Quum, Cum.
Tôreuma, chased vase. GR.
Tormentum, machine for hurling stones, &c, and
162
TOT
what was thrown ; twisted rope ; rack, torture.
Torgueo, iorquimentum.
Tormina, gripings. Torquimen, tormen, as Nomen.
Torno, turn with a lathe. Topvâ.
Torôsus, muscular. Torus.
Torpedo, cramp-fish. From
Torpeo. Tpé<pw, to coagulate, rérpoipa., whence
Tpoipiu, Top<pcto, torpeo, as troptovpa, purPura. (a)
From Tap$fa, to shudder, M. rop^éu, as np&aov,
nipoov, nktyov, pOrrum. And torpeo, as xdvuBos,
canoPus. (3) To be in an ecstacy of pleasure,
from répww, riropna, ropiréu. Horace : Pausiacâ
torpes, insane, tabellâ.
Torqueo, twist, &c. Tpox<*u, TOPX^ati iorqueo, as
/j.a5A[ì, MadEO. (a) Tpoiréw, M. rpoKÍa, ropicéía,
torqueo, as Kfíïla, linQUo.
Torquis, wreath, chain, collar. Above. So Gr.
(TTpeTTTlis.
Torrens, a torrent. Virgil has torrentia flumina,
torrens unda, torrentia aqua;. Varro, torrentes
fluvii. Justin, Cursus amniuin torrentes rapidique.
Torreo, dry, parch, roast, boil, &c. For thorreo,
as (dpíafifìos, Triumphus. Now, as Keipu, KtKopfmi,
Kopuós ; and tp4pa>, iréfpoprcu, <p6pros ; and fielpta,
Hffioptrai, fjiàpfrtfios ; so depot, Tédopffat, 9opcr4(a or
0o,'>,W>, thorreo, as TtBapaat, Bdpaos. (a) From
réppoi i£ol. for repeat, to dry up, as nOvus for
nEvus, vtos.
Torris, firebrand. From torreo. As being scorched.
jEn. 7. 506, ' torre obusto.'
Tortuôsus, intricate. Torqueo, tortus. Twisted.
Torus, couch, bed. As 2<f><£AAa>, Fallo; STfyw,
Tego, so torus from aropâ, as in Ae'xoî o-ropiacu ;
and Juvenal, Torutn cùm sterneret uxor. (8) From
torus, a rope or cord. Voss : ' For beds are
tightened by cords.' Ainsworth : ' From torus,
signifying anything round, and especially grass or
reed twisted into rope on which the ancients
strewed skins or coverlets.' Torus is in this sense
for tSnus, ròvos, a rope, as ^toNà, moRa. Or from
Tfipw, rtropa, whence -ropvâ, to round, and from
whose fut. TtpZ is teres, round.
Torus, from being a rope, is the brawn or fleshy
fibre of man or beast. Thus tívos is both a rope
and a sinew or tendon.
Torvus, grim. As Cado, Cadivus, so taurus, tauri-
vus, taurvus, torvus. Grim as a bull. Gr. ravprstbv
vno&Kitruv. "Oft/xa viv Tavpovp.4vnv, Medea 91. (a)
Torqueo, torsum, torsivus, torvus. Having the eyes
or face distorted. (3) Terreo, terrivus, tervus,
torvus, as pOndus from pEndo. (4) Riddle from
ropbs, ropFbs, piercing, sharp. As i\a, S\Fa,
sylVa.
Tostus. Torreo, torstum.
Tot. Tóaffa, rórra, (as Bâ\atr<ra, flaXarra,) t6tt.
So itáaraa, KÓrra, kótt , Quot.
Tûtïdem. Tot idem, or tot itidem.
 TOT
Tôties, so often. Tot, as Quoties, Centies.
Tôtus, as many or great. Tot. (2) To<toDtos.
Tôtus, whole. From tot. So many as there are,
all that there is of them. (2) As cAUdex, cOdex,
totus from t!> oùtÌ>, Taùní. The very thing itself.
(3) Contr. from twoDtos.
Toxïcum, poison. ToÇwiv.
Trâhâlis, large as a beam, trabs.
Trâbea, a kind of toga. Trabs, trabis, like Cavea.
Adorned with stripes of purple of different colors
which ran across it like beams.
Trabs, trabis, beam. T/hÍ</>7)£ is explained by
Hesychius x^P^ ffKÒXoty, and by others, he says,
rh S6pv. It occurs in Lycophr. 641. 1001. Tpiirrit
also is a spear in Hesychius, and -rpifari)£ the handle
of an oar. Hence is trabs ; S for X, as vulpeS from
àAcíirT/H. B, as amBo; and see on Plebs.
Trâchïa, windpipe. Tpax^'a.
Tracta, handful of spun wool. Traho lanam, to
spin. And flour beaten out longwise with the hand.
Pliny has traho panem.
Tractâtus, a tract. Tracto, treat of.
Tractim, constantly. Traho. By drawing on.
Tracto, I drag. Traho, i. e. traveho, travectum.
Tracto, I touch, feel, handle ; i. e. traho, draw to
myself, or draw my hand over. Handle a subject,
treat of it; manage the soil, wool, &c. Draw,
allure. Behave to, as Shakspeare : How were you
handled !
Tractus, tract of country, space, extent, i. e. drawn
out ; a serpent's drawing on its length of body ; &c.
Traho.
Trâdo, for transdo. As Traduco.
Trágánus, Tragêmâta, Trâgïcus, Trâgœdia, Trâ-
goedus. GR.
Tràgopan, a bird described by Pliny as larger
than an eagle, with crooked horns on its temples, of
a dark blue color, &c. Dacier : ' It seems formed
from rpiyos, a goat, and Tlàv, Pan. As being like
Pan with goat's horns : though Solinus says it has
ram's horns.' Voss says that its color was like that
of Pan, described by Virgil as Sanguineis ebuli baccis
minioque rubentis.
Trâgula, some javelin. Trajicio, trajicula, tra-
cula. Caesar : Neque ullum telum trajiciebatur.
Trâgula, drag-net. Traho, trahicula, tracula.
Tragus, smell of the armpit. GR.
Traha, -ea, sledge. Traho.
Traho. Transveho, traveho, (as Trado, Trajicio,)
traho; travexi, traxi ; travectum, traclum. (2)
From SpAffffu, to seize, fut. òpayœ, and ipaKrbs,
tractus, as AaTSa, Daeda, Taeda. So veHo is for
veCHo, whence veXi.
Trâjïcio. For transjacio.
Traîna, a web. Trameo. ' As passing between
the warp and the woof : ' Fore. ' As passing be
tween thread and thread with much overriding : '
163
TRI
Seal. (2) Or, as we find traho lanam, for trahima :
as Glubima, Gluma.
Trames, a cross-way. Transmeo, trameo, made
into a word tramo, (as Occapio, Occupo,) whence
tramitum, as Do makes Reddo, Redditum ; Implico,
Implicitum. Or trameâtum, trametum, trnmitum.
(2) For trahîmes from traho, as Foveo, Fovimes,
Fomes. Thus 'Ayvià from &ya, and OÍ^tj from oïœ,
olaa, olfiai. Virgil : Quà te DUCIT via. But this
does not express the cross-way.
Trâno, swim over. Transno.
Tranquillus, said properly of the sea. As from
Venum-eo is Veneo, from Patere-facio is Patefacio,
and from Ire-licet is Ilicet, so from tranari-queo
could be tranqueo, tranquitum, whence (as Querulus,
Figulus, Gerulus,) tranquitulus, tranquillus. Which
can be passed.
Trans. Upàvs (i. e. nlpav 's or Trépan is, as irépan
eÌí Matth. 8. 28, and Liddell quotes iripav «i«»tV
'Atrial/ Sia$r)yai,) Moh rpavs, trans, as conversely
\ÍTpa became \lïlpa, liBra ; and as directly sTudeo
from aUvSfu.—Others from wipan only, consider
ing S to be added as in Abs—, Obs—, Subs— :
an addition arising from euphony before conso
nants.
Transenna, lattice-work, lattice-window. Transeo ;
as crossing itself. Also, a net, as made of cross
string. Also a rope : ' The starting-place in the
Circus was so called, because it was cross-barred.
It was let down by a rope, which therefore became
so called : ' Voss.
Translâtïtius, brought over from one to another,
borrowed, common, ordinary, &c. Translattis.
Transtrum,cross-beam. Transeo, transitum, trans-
itrum, transtrum, as Monstrum. (2) Bpívos, a
seat ; whence OpavíQia, Bpávurrpov, transtrum.
Trâpêtum, Trâpëzîta, Traulïzi, Trëchëdipna. GR.
Trebax, cunning. Tpí/3a|.
Tremissis, Jrd of a gold solidus. ' Casaubon
rightly says it is formed without analogy from tres,
asses; on the model of semissis, which is analogical :'
Fore. See on Auxilium.
Trëmo, tremble. Tpéuu.
Trëpïdus, alarmed. Festus : ' Trepit, vertit : unde
trepidus, quia turbatione mens vertitur (Tpfireroi).'
Or trepo was in a passive sense, to be routed as in
battle ; and trepidus, one in that state of confusion
and alarm. Trepo might have been formed also
from Tpe'ai, tremo ? as \Sas, laPis ; Sats, daPis. And
so $\éUa> from $\éai, as Homer has ò<p8a\nû»> te
Tres, Treis, Tris, three. Tpeîs.
Tressis. Tres asses.
Triârii, old soldiers forming the third or reserve
line in battle. Tria.
Tribas, Trïbon, Trïbrtíchys. GR.
I Trïbulâtio, anguish. Tribulus.
 TRI
Trîbulum, threshing machine. Tero, teribulum.
(8) Tpí/3a>.
Trïbulus, some thorn ; war instrument with
spikes. Tpl$o\os.
Tribunal, seat of the trilmnus, where he gave
sentence ; any high place.
Trîhûnus, one set over each tribus: or as elected
by the votes of each. Any president or officer.
Tribuo, divide, assign, impart, bestow. Tpï0â
fut., to bruise, grind down, therefore break into
parts. Cicero has ' rem universam tribuo in partes,'
and ' Omnia vis loquendi in duas tributa est partes.'
As Sów, SiSa/it seems allied to tiia, Sola to divide.
(2) Tribus, dat. tribui. As first said of what was
given to the people by the tribes.
Tribus, a tribe. As Romulus divided the people
into three parts, it is from rpnrbs, the third part of
an Athenian tribe : Mol. rpvwirbs, rpnrbs, tribus :
as AÍTpa became liBra. (2) Tpupvi/s, rpupbs,
divided into three parts: as amBo. (3) Tribus,
dat. pi. of ires. (A) Tribuo : from paying to the
stale.
Trïbûtum, money tributum, levied in capita, on
each man. (8) Given per tribus.
Trîcae. Nonius says that tricot are hairs or
threads which entangle the feet of cocks, and trica
is thus referred to Tpix", hair. (2) Or from TpCxos-
a shred, as lanA from neut. XSiOS. Hence tricœ
can be put for anything trifling, trifles, toys. Thus
tppTyu, frlgo. (3) Martial joins together Apinae
iricaeque : and Pliny makes them the names of two
towns : ' Diomedes delevit urbes duas qua; in pro-
verbii ludicrum vertere, Apinam et Tricam.'
Tricêni, 30. Triginta, trigintêni, trigeni, as Sep-
tuageni; and triceni, as viCeni, paCiscor.
Tricësïmus, Trîgësïmus, thirtieth. Trigeni, tri-
genesimus, trigesimus, as Quadrageni, Quadragesi-
mus. C, as viCeni. (2) Trigentesimus. (3) Tri
des, triciesimus.
Trîchïla, a covered walk made of vines. All say
from Tpixfs, hair. A sort of hair-work. Pliny has :
' Grana in stipula CRINITO TEXTU spicantur.'
Through a word rptxÍA-os, a. (2) As kOpiî, clnis j
"OfjL&pos, Imbris, for trochila from rpe'xw, rpoxÍAos.
As we use Runners of plants.
Trîchïlum, vessel with three spouts. TpixeiAov.
Trîchôrum, house of three rooms. Tpixwpov.
Tricies, Trigies, thirty times. Triginta, trigin-
ties, trigies, and C as viCies. Or trities, tricies.
See Saucius. (2) Trigesies, or rather Tricesies in
B. Afr.
Triclinium. TpiKXlviov.
Trico, litigious, who contends de tricis. And a
cheat, who invents tricas, subterfuges.
Trîcôlum. TpixaKov.
Trïcor, I use fooleries or tricks. Tricœ.
Trìdens, three-pronged fork. Tria, dens.
164
TRI
Triduum, for tri-dium. Dies.
Triens, entis, a third part, properly of an As.
Tri-as, trions, triantis.
Triëris, Triëtêris, Triëtêrîcus. GR.
Trifur, a great thief. Tria. As Gr. rpmvfiia, &c.
Triga. Like Biga.
Trigesies, thirty times. Trigintesies.
Trîgësïmus. See Tricesimus.
Trigies. See Tricies.
Triginta, 30. Formed from rptÍKovra, tricinta.
As kOvis, clnis. See Viginti.
Trigon, ônis, a ball tossed by three persons form
ing a triangle. From
Trîgônus, triangular. Tpiyuvos.
TrigSnus, the fish pastinaca marina. Tpvyiiv,
6vos.
Trilix. Like Bilix.
Trimus. See Bimus.
Trinus, three. Tria, triènns, as Septenus.
Triônes, ploughing oxen. Tero, to bruise ; terio,
terionis. Or rtípa, -repû, rtpía, rpia, trivi, tritum.
Or Gr. rpvuv, wearing away. (2 ) Soft for striones,
from stria, a ridge which they form in ploughing.
(3) Terra, terrio. ?
Triônes, the greater and lesser Bear : each repre
senting a waggon and oxen. Above.
Triplex, threefold. See Duplex.
Tripûdio, I dance, leap. Terripudio, terrant pede
percutio. (2) Tria,pes. Horace : Gaudet pepulisse
fossor Ter pede terram.
Tripudium, a dancing. Above. And a rebound
ing of the food dropt by birds in augury.
Tripus, three-legged stool. Tpi-rovs.
Trîquëtrus, triangular. For triquedrus, from
rplxa, (Spa, a base : Divided into three parts which
are bases. (2) ' Triquadrus : in ires angulos qua-
dratus : ' Ainsw. ?
Triscurria. Scurra, as Trifur.
Tristis. From rpvo-rbs, afflicted, as <ppTya, frlgo ;
otTitoî, stipes. Tpva is here much the same as
rpix"- (2) Tpe'a? : Ridd.
TritSvus, rptros avus, as Gr. TpiVa-jriror.
Trîtïcum, wheat. Tritum, as Tetricum.
Triton, Trîtônis. GR.
Tritura. Tritum, as Natura.
Tritus, worn. Tero : rather rcípu, rtpâ, rtp'ue,
rpív, trio, TpífSoì.
Trivia, Diana, goddess of the trivia, highways :
TpioSiTLS.
Trîviâlis, common ; from the trivia where three
ways meet.
Triumphus. 0pia/ifSos, allied to Tpiá(w, to con
quer : as "Iaju/Jos to 'liirra.
t Trixâgo, Trissâgo, the herb germander. Perhaps
from Spvs, with ending like Plumhago: Drissago.
For the Greeks call it xaWpus an(l X,
as ulyXes.
 TRO
Trôchaeus, trochee. Tpoxaios.
TrôchìOus, a wren. Tpiíx<Aos. A round ring in
the juttings of pillars, from the same, through
Tpt'xai, to run round, as ®6\os from flew, Tcfloa.
Trochlea, pulley. Tpox'táa.
Trochus, hoop. Tpox<is-
Trôja, tournament. Descrihed by Virg. 5. 545,
&c. : ' Trojaque nunc, pueri Trojanum dicitur ag-
men.'
Tropaei, sea-winds. Ipoirdtoi.
Tropaeum, trophy. TpoTraiov.
Tropicus, Tropica. GR.
Tropis. Tpoirls is a ship's sink : hence the bottom
of a flagon ; and vapid wine at the bottom.
Trôpus, rhetorical figure. Tpiiros.
Trossûlus. Dacier : ' The Glosses on Persius say
that Trossuhim was an Etrurian town taken by the
Equités without the infantry ; and hence the knights
were called trossuli. Pliny adds that it was not
applied to them much after Gracchus's time, for the
word meant also delicate or soft, and was felt to be
a term of disgrace. This from rpvaaòs, delicate, as
Salinas, well says. Nonius says from torosuli, and
a Gloss, explains trumlus 6 iv fuxpiji iraxws.' For-
cellini explains trossuli in Seneca as boasting of
their descent from the Trojans. From 1'ros may be
trossuli, paltry apers of Trojan nobility.
Trua, ladle. Tpvw, to rub, as rop\nn\ from reipa.
Trucïdo, to massacre. From trux, trucis, much
as the substantive Cupido. Or from trucis and
cœdo, as Occïdo. Truciter cœdo. (2) Tauricido,
kill oxen.
Tructa, trout. TpwKrns, M. rpZitra, greedy, and
a sea-fish with sharp teeth.
Trûcûlentus. Trux, trucis, as Lutulentus.
Trûdis, a pole for thrusting. From
Trûdo, shove, thrust. As \iu, luDo ; so rpiu,
truDo ; and thus also proDest, proDeo, biDens,
seDitio. To vex, molest, fatigue, generally; and
here specially by pushing, jostling or thrusting.
Conversely, Ve-axo, to drive on, is in Vexo the same
as rpvu.
Trulla, ladle, trowel. Trua, truilla, as Turtur,
Turturilla. Liddell has rpvrjXa, rpovKKlov. Also a
pan to put fire in ; mug ; chamber-pot. This prob.
from rptnf/, rpvfibs, conjectured by Zeune in Nicand.
Al. 44, whence rpv$\iov, a cup, bowl: Trubula,
trubla.
Trullisso, I plaster trulla, with a trowel.
Trunco, maim, mangle. Tpvxoi, to afflict. N as
taNgo. (2) Trux, trucis, as Trucido.
Truncus, i. e. truncatus, is dismembered, and, as
a substantive, is said of a tree dismembered of its
roots and branches. (2) Voss says : ' Truncus
from Tptx^os (rpéyxos), which in Hesychius is the
same as truncus.' But rpéx"os is explained a bough,
twig, branch, shoot.
165
TUL
Trutïna, steelyard. Tpvrdmi-
Trux, triicis, cruel. From rpix">, {<"> to afflict,
distress, vex. Or trucis from tut. 2. TpCx"- (2)
Tpaxvs, Tpavxs, rpv£. (3) Ainsw. from 0pji{, a
Thracian. ?
Tryblium, dish. Tpif3\iov.
Tu, yon. -Sol. ri.
Tuba, trumpet. As lanA from XSKXS, cerA from
KTjpOS, so tuba from ktvttos, a sound. K dropt, as
Nidor from Kvífa, dcvíSa, kvÎSos, and P in Uriaais,
Tussis. B as nú|os, Buxus. (2) Tuba, however,
is usually referred to tubus. Indeed tuba is used
by Vitruvius for the pipe of an hydraulic machine.
(3) Allied to tibia.
Túber, a swelling, knob, truffle. Tumeo, tumiber,
tuber.
t+Tûber, the tuber-tree, .
Tûbïcen, trumpeter. Tubâ canens, as Fidicen.
Tuburcïnor, eat greedily. Tuber, mushroom, as
Lenocinor, Sermocinor. Or rí&apis, a Dorian salad.
To devour either of these.
Tiibus, a tube. Some from tumeo, tumibus, as
Superbus, KoKofibs, KKa/ipbs, and as Ber in Tumeo,
Tumiber, Tuber. (2) And Scaliger from ríiros, a
hollow made by beating; a sense which is not used,
except in a passage of Plutarch quoted by Camera-
rius, where róirwv seems to be the true reading.
(3) But tubus seems rather from trriiros, as 2*oA-
\tt>, Fallo : a shaft, trunk, here ' truncus cavatus.'
(4) From tuba, q. v.
Tûcëtum, sausage, &c. Tundo, tudo, tudicetum,
as Facetum. Brayed, pounded.
Tûdes, mallet. Tudo, tundo, as
Tudïto, to thump. Tudo, tundo.
Tueor, gaze at, look to, watch over. Schultens :
' Titvctkù! was with the ancient Latins tut, intui,
and afterwards tueri, intueri.' And TiriaKa, from
tvu, (as TrupaviTKai from pdu,) is nothing but rda,
ria, Ttivu. Virgil has : Oculos pariter telumque
tetendit. Hence to point the eye to, look to. So
0X«ru from /3Xf'o>, to dart, as ò<pBàKiiwv te (io\aX in
Homer. (2) 0«£o/toi : Ridd.
Tufa, 'a military standard, as read by some in
Vegetius 3. 5, but it is a barbarous word and ought
to be expelled from the language : ' Fore. ' Yet
Schwebel rightly vindicates the word. Tufie, Gr.
rovtpa or Tovípía, are tnfts of a helmet, and made of
the tails of Indian oxen. Laur. Lydus says they
were lances adorned with long juba>, crests, cor
rupted by the barbarians to tufœ : ' Facciol. ' The
Byzantine writers calls a tuft ToD<po from the Saxon :'
Wacht.
Tugiirium, hut. Obs. ro-fì, a covering, from
Te'7«. réyos. See Toga. U, as nUmidae.
Tui, of thee. TeS, ret, or even reolo II. 8. 37,
rtoV, tui, much as bidUum for bidlum. So Sui.
Tûli. See Tollo.
 TUL
Tulliânum, part of the prison at Rome, added,
says Festus, by Servius Tullius.
Turn. As /túpTON, myrtUM, so from ròv is turn :
i. e. tovtov xpi"0"- So rip is Then in II. tj. 158.
'Ek toìo, a. 493. And so Tarn is rin. (2) Bailey
from T7)/ios. ?
Tumba, tomb. Tiu&os, or riu&a in the Glosses.
Tiimeo, to swell. Ainsworth says : ' From Bv/iéu,
and this from Bv/ibs, tumor.' This sense is not
found, yet it seems correct. So Riddle says : ' Per
haps allied to Bia>,' which means to burst out.
Thus íkSúotjs is explained by Hesych. 4itipmT'fi<rris.
And ixBifiara are eruptions, blisters, pustules.
Homer joins oìSpiari Biwv II. <p. 234, of the Sca-
mander. T, as laTeo. (2) As Ttjcos was said for
Kûvos, and oKKa for ííTe, as Telum is deduced by
some from KrjAov, and as Quatuor through Ké-
Topa was allied to Téropa, so tumeo from a verb
Kvfiéa formed from nia, KÍxvfuu, to teem, to be
pregnant, whence kCtoj as in KuToydtrraip, big-
bellied, and Kvfia, a wave, as Virgil : Fluctu suspensa
tumenti. (3) Others think that, as 4>ijp was said
for 07)p, the converse might have been true, (as not
only luPus was said from AvKor, but conversely
ëKus or equus from ÎIOTos, ÏKKos,) and deduce
tumeo for thumeo from <pC/u», a tumor. T, as
\a&ia>, laTeo ; and u, much as tïmor from SEI^òp,
sera from <pHpa. (4) Again, as ri\i) is any swell
ing or lump, a word riai (whence indeed Tnboma
was formed) is supposed to have existed, allied to
ria ' extendo, expando,' and a word ripa or tvuos
to have produced tumeo.
Tûmïcla, a little rope. Tomix, tomicula.
Tumultus. Tumor, tumulus, tumultus, as Sin-
guli, Singultus. Cicero: Hunc rerum tumorem.
Virgil : Instare tumultus et aperta tumescere
bella.
Tûmûlus, mound, hill, tomb. Tumeo, as Capu-
lus.
Tunc, then. For tumque, tumq', as Atque, Atq',
Ate, Ac.—Arnold for turn, with the demonstr. sylla
ble ce, kt).—James Bailey from tíÍko, t6k\ with N
inserted, as in fraNgo, &c. Tone, tunc. Or say
toV k'. See Turn.
Tundo, I beat. As Cudo from KÓ-mœ, kóttw, so
tiVtoj, rvTTa, tíSSío, tudo, and tundo, as frago,
fraNgo.—Or, as rinrru is from ria, whence rnitrKa,
from ria could be tudo, as \va, luDo. (2) From
8eiva, -rtBova, to smite, could be Boviu, Bovw, whence
(as reccD, tenDo, and as @pia/i$ot, Triumphus,)
tondo or tundo, as vOltis, vUltis ; 'Oyxos, Uncus.
Tunica, tunic, coat, membrane. Xirâva, acc. of
X'rav ; and, (as Moptpà, Forma ; M£i/, Num ; Tefvo-
fiai, Nitor ; Avoipcpal, Aevotppal, Tenebrae ; 2<pdyavov,
Qáíryavov,) tíÍviku, tunica, si into û, as cûneus
from kCIvos, humerus from rtlfiop. So into û, as
<pnpbs, fûris. (2) From Siva, Svvû, to put on, as
TUR
Manica. T, as AaiSa, Taeda. Or ivrivu, corrupted
into rii>a>. (3) Varro à tuendo corpore. Nica
being a termination. ?
Turba, crowd. Tipffrj.
TurbMus, thick, muddy, disordered, &c. Above.
Turbo, whirlwind. Apuleius says : Turbo dicitur
qui omnia perturbât : but I prefer the following:
As 2<pd\\u, Fallo, and as also -rpoxiu), transposed
Topxia, torqueo, so arpo&âv becomes Topfiûv, torbo,
and turbo, as vOltus, vUltus. N dropt, as UXaraiv,
Plato.
Turbo, I disturb. Turba. (2) Qopvfià.
■f-Turdus, a thrush. As the Greeks said both 2i
and Tíi j both SevrKov and TeSrW ; both XjTes and
T^Tts, Voss thinks that turdus may have been
used by these /Eolian descendants for surdus, in
accordance with the proverb Ka<p6repos kíxXtjî,
more deaf than a thrush. (2) BovptSa, turda.
Turgeo, to swell. As Calamus, Culmus, so turgeo
from a word Tapage» fut. of rapíaaa, to be agitated
like the sea, to swell. Others from leaven, fretting
flour. (2) Kvprâ, to curve; transp. rvpnw, as
Mopcpò, Forma. So Tergo and Tergeo. (3) @ia :
Ridd. See Tumeo.
Turio, a young tendril, or small branch. &6p<n,
Boptuv. much as we speak of a plant springing up,
and also of runners, &c. ' Whose branches RUN
over the wall,' Gen. 49. 22. (2) Bovpos, 4p~f>aifi4-
vos, active. As Vegetables from Vegetus. (3) Tyro,
a new recruit : Ainsw. ?
Turma, squadron, troop. For terma, says Varro,
i. e. from ter : ' Quòd xxx équités ex tribus tribubus,
Tatiensium, Ramnium, et Lucerum, fiebant.' Thus
vUlsus, pUlsus for vElsus, pElsus. Turnebus thinks
it put thus for terima. (2) Jos. Scaliger : Turma,
TÓp/iJi, rópuos, rotunditas, like Cohors. Tóptios
from T€ipo>, Tepû, reTopficu, as <p4pw, <popp.ós; Keípw,
Koppiis. See on Teres. (3) As Glubo, Glubima,
Gluma, so torqueo, torquima, forma ; as Ï\t], turma,
is allied to et'Ae'co, conglobo. Globus militum. (4)
As in the Gloss. Philox. we find ' Turma, \6xos,
5ict5po/ui),' so Spofiii, Sopixà, Turma, as Afîpop, Timor.
(5) Is. Voss : ' lurba and turma, as Globus and
Glomus.' That is, turbima, turma.
Turpis, ugly, filthy. Transposed from rpoird, to
put to flight, as Torqueo from Tpoxáa. From which
we fly in disgust, aversamur, airoTptiriiyiteflo. So
àwÓTpoiros, from which one turns away.—Or thus :
turned aside, awry, distorted.
Turris, a tower. Tiptris, rippis.
Tursio, dolphin, porpoise, sturgeon. Torqueo,
torsum, torsio. From its evolutions in the water.
(2) Turgeo, tursum : Bloated, bulky.
Turtur, turtle-dove. ' From the sound it makes : '
Fore. (2) As rpua-fihs is a murmuring, moaning, so
a word rpvffr^ip, sl moaner, rpurr^p, rvpr^jp, tur~
tur. So rpvywv, a turtle-dove, from rpifa, to
 TUR
murmur. ' Nec gemere aëriâ cessabit turtur ab
ulmo,' Virg. (3) Like Tristis, from rpvtrrhs, M.
Tpvrrhp, rvpróp.
Turunda, a small ball of bread or lint. As Gero,
Gerunda, tero, terunda : a cake trita, beaten, bruised
with the hands. So Merenda. U, as some form
tUgurium at once from tEgo. See crUmena. (2)
Torus, anything round : q. v. (3) Tvpóevra, tv-
povvra, made with cheese, as a cake.
Tus, for thus, Bios.
Tussilàgo, coltsfoot. Pliny ' à tussi sanandâ.' So
Tussis, cough. Tlríais, m-ío-ms, a spitting. ' Ex-
spui tussim, ' Catull. ' Sputa vix edita tusse,' Lucr.
Tute, yourself. ' Tate fecisti ; i. e. tu ipse per te,
non alius : ' Fore. (2) Tu iste. (3) Tu rt.
Tûtëla, as Luela. And
Tutor. From tueor, tutum.
Tûtùlus, a tower, citadel ; high head-dress ; tuft
of a priest's cap. Varro from tutus, defended, forti
fied, as a tower. As Capulus. Ainsw. à tuendo
capite. (2) Redupl. from anc. tola, tulo, whence
tolero, tollo, tuli. As raised up. Redupl. as Tltu-
lus, TItillo, POpulus, CIcindela, &c. (3) Turritus,
turritulus. Lucan calls the head-dress ' turritam
frontis coronam.' (4) Tumeo, tumitum, tumitulus.
Tutûnus, Priapus. As Portunus, from tueor,
tutum, as the guardian of orchards and gardens.
' The Romans revered Priapus more as a god of
orchards and gardens, than as the patron of licen
tiousness : ' Lempr.
Tutus, safe. Tueor, tuitus, guarded.
Tuus. Tu, tut.
Ty— : All words so beginning are Greek, Tu—.
U,V.
Vacca, a cow. As from xV> xvòs 's xwi°'K0S>
and from uvîa is juuÎ-tktj, whence Musca; and as
7rai8s<TK7j, and Lycisca; so from fiobs is jSofirm),
/Soîo-KO, (8oîkko, whence vocca, vacca, as Bopâ, Voro ;
\Oyxv, lAncea. (2) Boiis, boacula, as Novacula,
Veraculus. Then boacla, boacca, as Ò2T5, oSSa.
O lost, as E in Dequadrans, Dodrans ; I in Pariens,
Parens.
Vaccînium, Vâcïnium, hyacinth. Martin : ' As
BovyÁTqp for BvyáWiìp, so ovanivBiov and ovatcivviov
for vaKÍvBioy: hence vacinnium. Virgil himself
translates the vdxivBos of Theocr. by it.'
t Vacerra, a post used for tying horses to. And
a palisade. Scheide from obs. bacus,3aculus. Or
baculus, baculera, as Patera. For Uacurra. Or
formed after Serra, Acerra. (2) Vacuus, standing
idle, as Vacua pecunia, lying idle. U lost as in
Januitor, Janitor.
Vacerrôsus, stupid as a post. Above.
Vácillo, move to and fro, waddle, stagger. For
167
VAL
vagillo, as Sorbillo, from the anc. vago for vagor,
which Forced, explains ' hue atque illuc feror.' Cicero
has ' Quorum vagetur animus errore,' fluctuates. C,
as misCeo, paCiscor. (2) Bacillus. From the
staggering step of the aged walking and leaning on
a stick. (3) Aíyes, Fçyeí, waves.
Vâco, to be void, empty, (as in Vacuus,) vacant,
without ; to be without occupation. As ria, aria ;
rifidto, àrifjLÁot ; so %xu> &*XW> n°t t° bave ; and (as
Fiyouau, Vagor,) Faex", Hx», vaco. Forcellini ex
plains vaco ' sum sine re aliquâ.' (2) Xárts, x<weco,
X<&o-p.a., x<i">«), x&aKa>< X^""! all point to a verb
X<ia, or x»Fto, as iïs, ÍFis, oVis j $iû, /3iftD, viVo.
Then, as MopQà, Forma ; Telvo/iai, Nitor ; iipdyavov,
Qáoyavov ; so x^Fu, Fáx^t vaco.
Vacûna, goddess of the idle. Vaco.
Vacuus, empty, &c. Vaco.
Vâdo, I go. Much as ViVo from fìiâì, is vado
from fiíu, fiaiva. Only for V is D, as in truDo,
proDest, proDit. (2) From /Semi iEol. of j8ijt£>,
as in àacpiff$rìTâ and fir)Tapp.6s. As BaTbv, vaDum.
V&dum, ford, shallow, &c. From $arhy, passable,
as BicD, Vivo ; menTior, menTax, menDax.
Vae, alas ! Oûol, as Vates Strabo writes Oûó-
Ttis, and the Greeks wrote Virgilius Ovipyi\ios.
Vseneo. See Veneo.
Vafer, crafty, dexterous. As 'E<nr4pa, Vespera ;
so from àipi] (to which through &irra Liddell refers
%ira<pov, to cheat,) might be vafer. 'Atpì)v exe"/ iJ
'to have something attractive, enchanting:' Lidd.
Vafer might proceed even from inacpa, 'iraípû. See
Temerè. V, as Veru. (2) Batpii, a coloring, and
so tricking. Or pcupebs, Baipeip. V, as Vadum.
(3) Varifer. Varia ferens. (4) Ve Afer : much
of the African.
Vagina, sheath. For vaculna, from vacuus, as
Cassis, a helmet, from Cassus. Thus Ruina, Ra-
pina, Regina. Vacuina, vaguina, vagina. Voss:
Vacuum illud in quod gladius reconditur. (2) As
riujls, Pyxis, a box, from nv{os, box ; Acerra from
acer; Malus, a mast, from Malus, an apple tree ; so
fagus, fagina, and vagina, as Qdrris, Vates. Thus
Columella has fagineœ arculae, Tibullus faginus
scyphus. But was it ever made of wood? (3)
From vâyós. As fitting close. (4-) For valgina
from the northern balg, a bag, allied to bulga.
Vâgio, cry as a child. From páÇui, péfìâya, to
speak inarticulately, is vagio. As Bopâ, Voro.
Vàgor, I wander. From Fdyo/iai, ' ago me hue et
illuc' (2) As Vago was in ancient use, from
àirdyw, 'iráyu, to make off, go away. As Tlo\çóa,
Voluo, Volvo. (3) Vago from ve ago, agito me.
(4) Allied to 0du> : Ridd.
Vah, interjection, of various senses. For vaha, as
in Plautus, from & S, as 'Ea-irépa, Vespera.
Valdè, very much. Validé, Kapra,.
Vâle, farewell. ' Vive valeque,' llor.
 VAL
Vâleo, from BaKéa, â, fut. of SdWu, to flourish, JE.
ipaAcu, as Hp, JE. <piip ; and valeo, as ♦íttjj, Vata.
To flourish in health and vigor. (2) For vuleo, as
KTvbs, cAnis ; kTAi|, cAlix. From Fouhiu from
o5A.or, whole.
Valêtûdo, Vâlïdus. Above.
Valgus, bow-legged. Faix, falcis ; falcicus or
falcus, falgus, valgus. Bent as a scythe. (2)
Go\k6s: Donldn.
Vallis, valley. As Vates from *<íti)î, vallis from
a word BáKKos, Mo\. tpdWos, from 9a\\u, whence
Helvig deduces Germ, thai, dahl, our dale: 'Est
enim locus à/i<f>i0aA^s.' (2) From vallum. Servius :
' Quòd hinc et hinc vallatur.' Exodus 14. 22, of
the passage of the Red Sea : ' And the waters were
a wall unto them on their right hand and on their
left.' (3) Vado, vadilis : Ridd.?
Vallo, fence vallis, with stakes.
Vallum, fortification made of earth from the ditch,
and of valli, stakes stuck into it.
Vallus, stake. Varus,varulus. (2) Palus : Donldn.
For palulus, pallus.
Vallus, fan. Vannus, vannulus.
Valvae, folding-doors. Volvo, volvce : A as \Oyxn,
lAncea : or first vulvar, as cUlcita, lUbricus ; then
valvce, as tAlpa. ' Quae revolvuntur : ' Varr. In
opening, says Forcellini, ' volvuntur et complicantur.'
Valvolus, husk, shell, pod. Volvo, involvo as in
Volva, Vulva. A as in Valvse.
Vanga, mattock. Pango, panga, as Fundo, Funda.
See Pala. V for the sound, as UoKeia, Voluo, Volvo,
Volutum. See Vallus 2.
Vannus, a corn-fan. As A for E in flAmma,
mAgnus, so vannus for vennus from ventulus, whence
venlus, and vennus as Ò2TS, ossa: volere, voLRe,
veLLe. A little wind, a ventilator. (2) Vanus,
vanulus. As making chaff and dust : Ainsw.
Vânus. From (pâvbs, taken in the sense of
apparent or showy, unsubstantial. So Dumesnil
explains vanus: 'That has only an outside appear
ance.' V, as *i£t7)í, Vates. (2) Vaco, vacinus:
Ridd. Vacanus: Donldn.
Vàpïdus. Vapor. Which sends out a bad steam,
as Valetudo is bad health. Some say, which has
sent out its steam.
Vâpor, Vapos. From a-nos (jEol. Fâwos and Fairop,)
Eur. Phoen. 865, tiredness ; properly, breathing hard.
Schol. : rby xduarov, ^ rb à*b Trjs 6b~ov àffOfia.
Breath, vapor. V, as in òA.<íSir7j{, àtíXirrjf, Vulpes.
And â, as ë in^Hicap, jëcur. (2) From n&tpiw, spiro:
M. trcupóut, as Kvapos, JEoWcè ïlúa^ios, and \vKos,
KiTlos, luPus. Hence vapheo, as Vera from Htlpm,
IIcpû ; and vapeo, whence vapidus. Or thus : ira<piu,
(pa-rríai, vapeo. (3) Scheid and Donaldson from
Sa, FíFu ; the P in the place of the latter Digamma,
as in laPis.
Vápôro, heat with hot vapor.
168
VAS
Vappa, palled bad wine : a bad fellow. Vapida,
vapda, vappa, as no\vSivKns, PoLDux, PoLLux.
(2) Voss : ' As tfinra Mol. for Spua, so /Sainra for
$Auua. "Efifiaufta was vinegar, and Hesych. says
that for it the Sicilians said fUppa. Hence fìá/ífia,
Pima, vappa was wine becoming acid.'
Vâpulo, am beaten. As Fijpos is Veris, so FmraAocS,
(to bruise,) Vapalo, and Vapulo, as 'EkA^i, HecUba.
KaraXoám is to beat with the fists, and aKoáw is to
beat. (2) From â-raAbs, tender; whence a verb
àna\ám, àira\â, to be tender i. e. with blows. As
'Eo-irepa, Vespera. (3) naiiroAw, irawaXâ, fut. of
iranriÍÀAaj, to shake. V, as Veru. As Percutio
from Quatio. The quantity would support this
derivation.
Vârae, stakes or forks set up to support timber or
nets. Fem. of varus, parting from each other, bent
asunder. Forcellini : ' Ut firmiùs sustineant, diva
ricates statui solent.' Riddle explains Vara ' a
machine consisting of cross pieces of timber to
support anything.' (2) Or for vacerree.
Varia, panther. From its various colors.
Vârïcus, straddling. Varus, as Tetricus, Unicus.
Varius. From fiaXibs, as Bopû, Voro ; and as
trnAla, seRia; coeRulus for eoeLulus. So Span.
bLanco, pLaça, is Portug. bRranco, pRaça.
Vârix, a swollen vein. Varus. Such, says Nonius,
are ' inflexœ et obtortae.'
Varo. See Baro.
Varus, with the legs bent inward ; crooked, wrong.
'Pay3!>s, fiqfibs, transp. Pqpbs, as Mop<pà, Forma. V,
as Vadum, Vivo. (2) Tlnpbs, JE. iripbs, maimed.
V, as Veru, Volvo.
Varus, speckle on the face. Above. ' As making
the skin uneven : ' Ainsw.
Vas, vâdis, bail, surety. #às or <párr)s, one who
engages. (2) Bàs or pdrrts, who goes i. e. into
court. So others from vâdo.
Vas, vâsis, Vâsum, any utensil, furniture, instru
ment, implement, baggage, &c. Properly, travelling
baggage, from vado, vasum. (2) Uaaris, possession.
Vasa, goods and chattels. V, as Veru, Volvo. (3)
Much as Mí'Ai, Mêl, vas from j8á(m, a prop, founda
tion, stand, pillar : i. e. anything to hold up another.
V, as Vivo, Vado. Vasa, says Ulpian, ' are not only
what contain but what sustain.'
Vascus, empty, light. As Teter, Tetricus ; Unus,
Unicus; vastus, waste, vasticus, vascus. (2) For
vescus from ve, esca : without food. A, as mAgnus,
mAneo. See Vescus.
Vasto, lay^ waste. 'AïittÌu, dírrâ, Fao-rSi, vasto.
(2) As Populo is to destroy (populum) a people,
from Fdarv might be vasto, to destroy a city.
(3) From lrauffrbs, being made to cease; whence
nav<TTÍai, â. As TloKeia, Voluo, Volvo.
Vastus, vast. From Fdarv. As large as a city.
As Oppidò is much, and Ingens from Gens. (2)
 VAT VEN
Riddle from the other sense of waste, 'deformed, Foxtw, Fox&, *s yOvv, gEnu. C appears in vecsi,
awkwardly great.' In that other sense Dumesnil vexi, tectum. (2) From txa' F*Xa> to hold.
from vastatus, as Servus for Servatus. Empty, Vejovis. ' Some say the little or infant Jove, as
desolate. (2) Liddell: 'Xaorbs, wide opened, ve diminishes. Some the bad Jove, as ve is male,
Hesych. Vastus, Lat.' ? Riddle says, j8o<tt<Íi. as Vesanus is, male sanus : ' Fore.
Vâtes, prophet. From <pâms, whence irpo<f>wri\s, Vel, or. From t) 'AA', i. e. tj &Wo, or else. As
irpoi^Tijs. We say Seer for Fore-seer. V, as Verna ■hp, Ver.— Others from ' si magis velis' or as the
from +tpv)i, and our Vial. (8) "Hnis, i. q. tpdrris : imperative of Volo, as Fer of Fero. —And vel is
Ridd. ? Even. Thus: Either the whole, or (even) a part
Vâtïcïnor, as Sermocinor. Vates. will do. Arnold understands it thus : ' Vel maxi-
Vatius, bow-legged. Voss : ' From Paras in mus, the very greatest if you please.'
Hesych. : used by the Tarentines for KOTtupepijr, Vêlâmen, Vëlârium. Vélo.
inclining to one side more than another.' Vëlïfïcor, make all sail, exert myself to procure;
Uber, a teat. OS<pap MoL of oZBap. As specially favor and acceptance. Vela facio. See
am Bo. (a) Uteris from ttropos : or from (6<popos Velox.
considered as meaning fruitful. This agrees better Vëlim. See on Volo.
with the adjective uber. (3) Ainsworth : ' Ab Vëfítes, light-armed troops. 'As serving under
humeo, huber, as Tumeo, Tuber.' the vela or vexilla, not under the Aquilse. Hence
Ubi, where. Becman : ' From Sirow, as Uti from afterwards called Vexillarii : ' Facciol. (2) Veho,
3ti.' Rather from S8i, M. 8<pi: as &ii*a>, amBo. veheles: Ridd.?
Indeed i<pi might have existed like avr6<pi. U, as Vêlïtor, I skirmish ; bicker, wrangle. Above.
Uti. Vellïco, to twitch. Velio.
Ubîque, everywhere. Ubicunque. Velio, pluck up. For vertiUo from verto, as
Udo, a goatskin shoe. OòSi>v J. Poll. 10. 50. Scribo, Scribillo. Horace : Baccha: valentes vertere
Udus, wet. Uvidus. (a) Humidus. fraxinos. So vertere terram is to turn up. (a)
Ve, or. For vel, as A for Ab, E for Ex. Thus Vexo, vexillo. (3) FéWa, like eïAAto, to turn,
Si vel hoc could easily pass into Si ve hoc. So Si whirl. (4) "EXkoi, velco, as 'Emipa, Vespera ; and
for Sit. (a) From f), fij, as ?jp, Frjp, Ver. Con vello, as ôcjTâ becomes osSa. (5) Riddle from
versely ne becomes më. TÍAAai, M. irÍÀAai. (6) Ainsw. from '<pe\£, à<pt\û,
Ve—, much. Valde, contr. to vaë, vce, as sometimes to remove. V, as *0tt;s, Vates ; and L doubled
written, (a) H, as in iifiaiós. V, as Ver. as in Mellis. (7) Veho, vehelo: Schw. Rather,
Ve—, not. As i)/>, Ver, so ^—, Ve—, as in vehitto.
ijireipos. Vellus. From vello: for, says Varro, wool was
Vëcors, without mind, mad. Ve, not. Cor here torn off before shearing was adopted. And Pliny,
is mind, as in Recordor. who adds that sheep were not shorn everywhere in
Vectigal, payment for freight. Vectus. his day : ' Durat quibusdam in locis veUendi mos.'
Vectis, a bar used by porters in carrying weights : (2) Bailey identifies it with pellis.
from veho, veetum. (3) From mj/erbî, fastened. Vélo, I cover velo, with a veil.
By which doors are fastened. Virgil : Centum Vêlox, swift. From velum, as Fera, Ferox. As
claudunt vectes. As Veru from TIepâ. swift as a sail. For sails give swiftness to ships.
Vedius, Pluto. All, Aibs, Jove. See Vejovis. Hence the expression ' velis pedibusque.' And veli-
Vëgeo, move, excite. From ve, valde, and ceo, ficor is to exert oneself to effect anything. (2)
whence veceo, as Ne in Nequeo ; and vegeo, as From volo, to fly. ?
prodiGium for prodiCium. And ceo is from cieo, or Vëlum. For vexiUum, as Paxillus, Palus ; Maxilla,
from cio as from /3I£> is bEo, or even the old «écu, Mala. Veho, vexi, vexum. A flag carried, then a
whence kIaAu cello, (a) Ve ago, to drive, urge on, sail, curtain, veil.
whence agilis : as Nego perhaps from Ne-ago. (3) Velut, even as. Vel ut.
The old %ya, whence iyeípa, iirclya, oy/ios; the Vëna, vein. From ïva, Fìva, acc. of ìs, Fls, a
same as &ya>. (A) To be active in the manner nerve, muscular fibre. ' The veins are only a con
(aiybs) of a goat, much as AÏtiok, Vitium. tinuation,' says Quincy, 'of the extreme capillary
Vëgëto, facio vegetum. arteries.' And again : ' Each artery is composed of
Vëgëtus, active, quick. Vegeo. three coats, the first of which seems to be a thread
Vëhëmens. Lengthened from vê-mens (see Ve- of fine blood-vessels and nerves ; the second is made
cors) into veemens ; H inserted as aHenus. (a) up of spiral fibres ; the third is a fine transparent
Veho, to carry along. See Vexo. membrane.' E, much as XEIos, lEvis; kHvos for
Vehes, cart-load. Vehïculum, cart. Veho. kEIpoï.
Veho, carry. As Xópros, Hortus, for vecho from | Vënâbulum, hunting-pole. Venor.
169 ï
 VEN
Vënâlis, saleable. Veneo.
Vendïto, wish to sell, set off for sale, praise.
Vendo.
Vendo. Venum-do. See Veneo.
Vënëfïcus, sorcerer. Veneneficus.
■ Vënënuro, poison, Qtynyby, killing, from <pivw,
to kill. As (pirns, Vates. Poisonous drugs being
used in medicine, venerium is also medicine. So
tpápimicov has both senses. (2) BéKefivov, a dart ;
péAeyyoy, belênum. N, as fficAos and £/3«Nos,
i}N8f, &c.
Vëneo, Vaeneo, am sold. Liddell : ' rClvos, a
buying. Hence (i. e. from acc. Fâvov) Lat. venum,
as Vinum from Olvos, and Vicus from Ótxos.' And
u into 7), as ô into ë in yOyv, gEnu. Thus we have
Venundo, and Tacitus has Posita veno. Veneo also
is venum eo, though it has been referred to aivia, to
speak in praise of, as it is indeed written also vteneo.
' Qui domum non laudârunt,' says Cicero of persons
selling an unwholesome house in an honest manner.
And thus an Auction from Augeo, Auctum. But
venEo, by being conjugated like Eo, shows its deri
vation from venum eo,
Vënëror. Dacier : ' Properly, I sacrifice to Venus,
adore Venus' Hill : ' It denominates the worship
paid to every deity by what is addressed to one.'—
But Scaliger thus : ' Observantiâ prosequor ob
venerem i. e. venustatem.' Compare Foenus, Fceneror.
(3) Venero (for Plautus uses it actively) from FtvopH,
as to Respect from Respicio. So KaBoptí/ityos, in-
tuens, II. N. 4. E, as ímrOpos, aspEr. (3) Vereor,
verinor, as Fruor, Fruinor, Fruniscor; Ver, Veris,
Verno ; then veneror. (4) Scheid from Fhas : To
pay regard to years. V, as Vetus from 'Etos.
Vënëtus, sea-green. Madan : This color is said
to have been first used among the Venetian fisher
men.
Vënia, permission, &c. That is, veniendi potestas.
Cicero has ' venia proficiscendi.' As iAtidcpos from
i\tiOu, ijAvBoy ; who is able to go where he will.
(2) From àvUm, ànâ, Faviw, remitto, permitto. As
Venio from 'hvia.
Vënio. As mAneo from piRviw, conversely vEnio
from Faviw, to arrive at a place. Veni, as Frjvov
òSbv, Homer. Thus we say either They went their
way, or simply They went. (2) From fìaívo, fiavia.
(3) As <róoí, saNus; Kûos, leNis; so venio for
veio, from fietu, $eia, in Hesychius. V, as BitS,
Vivo.
Vënor, I hunt. From serina i. e. caro, venison ;
whenceferìnor,feïnor,fênor, as Providens, Proi'dens,
Prudens ; Subteximen, Subtëmen. Hence venor, as
*<ítt)s, Vates; *ii\n. Vial. (2) Haigh: 'From
ipoiváw, áofuu, &fuu, to desire to kill, go in quest of
(<f><Ws) slaughter.' (3) As doNum soft from SâPov,
phenor for pheror from <pnp&fi.at, Mo\. for Bnpâuai.
Or thus : pheror, pherinor, phenor.
VER
Venter, the belly. "i.vrtpov, Fltntpov.
Ventïlo, fan, blow : air ; wave in the air. Venttu.
Ventïto. Venio, ventum.
Ventus. From hitnos from Sthu, to blow: as
Ofoos, Vinum ; AÏtioc, Vitium.— Some from venio,
ventum, as II. 9. 6: 'lis avefioi Mo "EA0ONT"
ifytirlyns. But this is purely accidental.
Vënum, for sale. Ad venum. See Veneo.
Vënundo, I sell. Venum do.
Venus some refer to the Celt, fern, our fine, and
Goth, waen or vaen, fair, elegant. But all these
curiously agree with ipatvvbs, M. of tpativbs, bright,
radiant. Hence could be Venus, considering (paswhs
of two terminations. (2) As mavbs from 'íku, Conve
niens from Venio, Becoming and Comely from Come,
Meet, adj. from Meet, so Venus has been deduced
from venio, convenio. (3) Voss : ' Venio i. q. fiaiyai,
Pivtai.' (4) Key compares Venus, and benus,
bellus.
Vënustus. Venus, as Onustus.
Vêpres, -ïs, bramble. Becman : ' Vêpres are from
the Cohans, who called fìpâmts what with others
were bwnes, as fydtwiv for baSivby, and Alexander
the .-Etolian in Macrobius said fipireipav oia-ruiv for
fivretpav.' So fipódov for fioSov. Hence then Ppûncs,
B&vpts, as ÍKTr\ayos, fKiray\os. And vopres, and
vêpres, as Bopû, Voro ; and as vEnum from FClvov,
and genu from yOyv.
Ver, vëris, spring. Ffip, Fr)pos, as*Ij, Fis, Vis.
Vërâcûlus, fortune-teller. As pretending to be
verax.
Vêrâtrix, a witch. As Veraculus. Tibullus has
' verax saga.'
Vërâtrum, hellebore. Like veratrix. As making
us see things truly and perspicuously, or making us
prophesy.
Verbascum, the herb wool-blade, mullein. From
Fipiov or Feîpos, wool, with a fanciful termination.
It has thick woolly leaves. V and B, as in VerBum.
See verVactum.
Verbëna. Servius : ' Verbena is properly a sacred
herb : the rosemary, as some think. Hence it was
said improperly of all sacred leaves [or herbs] , as
the laurel, olive, myrtle.' Acron : ' Verbenœ are all
herbs and leaves dedicated to the coronation of
altars, for herbenœ.' That is, from herba. But
rather from (pépfìu, and it could mean a herb or
plant, as Boráyn from Bifa, Bóukio. Qcp$i)ya, like
2e\rjya, 2fA.^yij. V, as *cÍt7)í, Vates.
Verber, scourge. Ferio, feriber, ferber, as Tu-
meo, Tumiber, Tuber. And verber, as *i£t»;5,
Vates. (2) Haigh : ' As made of small cords twist
ed and knit together. From efyw.' Or rather spa,
Fépu. (3) ' For Scprvp from Sépa ; jEol. fitpvip : '
Salinas.
Verbëro, scoundrel. Dignus verbere.
Verbum, a word. As Aro, Arvum, so ipû or Fepû,
 VER
(to speak,) vervum or verbum. So from uipot is
morVus, morBus. V, as ^pot, Veris. Scheld quotes
Hesycbius : 'Epta>- \4ya.
Verbum, a verb, i. e. the principal word of the
sentence, without which, either expressed or under
stood, we can neither affirm nor deny. Above.
Vërëcundus, bashful. Vereor.
Verëdus, Verhedus, post-horse. Veho, rheda.
Dacier : ' The public post was formerly vehicularis,
by cart. Veredus was first the horse with the cart ;
afterwards the horse alone.'
Vereor. Ve, valde, and reor. I think much of,
account highly, respect, fear. Thus from Ratum are
Rationes, accounts.
Vërêtrum, membrum virile. Ut Gr. alSoîa et
Verenda, Pudenda, à vereor. E, ut merEtrix, genE-
trix.
Vergiliae, the Pleiades. Festus from ver. And
perbaps cio, for Vercilice: though compare Do-
micilium : ' For the spring ends and the summer
begins with their rising.' Isidorus from their
rising in the spring. Thus the Gr. n\eti$ts is from
itA.€û), as ' Greek navigation began at their rise and
closed at their setting : ' Lidd.
Vergo, I tend. For versum ago, (as Circumago,
Cingo,) to drive towards, make to tend or verge.
Vergo vinum, is ' ità fundo ut vergat deorsùm.'
(a) As Claudico, Fabrico, so verto, vertico, verco,
vergo. ' Conversa plané manu sive paterâ deorsùm
effundit : ' Delph. Ed. (3) From ipx", tne active
of ?px°Ma'< digammated.
Veritas, truth. Verus.
Vermïcûlâtus, wrought in mosaic. ' Having a
sort of likeness to vermiculi, worms : ' Fore.
Vermïna, gripings. Verio, as Torqueo, Tormina.
Gr. <rrp6(pos. Twistings.
Vermis, worm. "Epira, eXpuai, to creep. As
*EiT7repo, Vespera. (2) For velmis, (as siRpe, and
our tuRban,) from ìs\uis, a worm. (3) Verto, to
twist, as in Vermina. Vermeil, verminis, vermis.
As Pollen and Pollis. (4) As vOster, vEster, so
vermis for vormis from ópphs, a cord. ' From its
manifest resemblance. So Gr. raivia : ' Wacht.
Verna, a house-slave. From epepva, (as 4>ót7)s,
Vates,) what a bride brings with her. ' For dowries
anciently consisted of such:' Schrevel. 'Gepv)),'
says Donnegan, ' brought by a wife in goods, lands,
or SLAVES.'
Vernâculus. Verna was a slave attached to the
soil like the cattle, &c, and vernaculus is of the land,
opposed to foreign.
Vemïlis, scurrilous. Like a verna, slave. Saucy.
Vernïlïtas, affected civility. Verna.
Verno, Vernus. From ver.
Vëro, the same weapon as Vera.
Vërò, but. For ' immo verb,' nay truly.
Verpa, i. q. veretrum. Much as VerBum from
171
VER
Ftpâ, verpa from vereor, whence veriva, vtrva. See
Veretrum.
Verpus, deditus verpee, or with Forcell. ' qui est
tota verpa.' Also, mutilatus verpam, circumcised,
as yvibs from yvlov.
Verres, boar-pig. Verpa, verpes, verres, as Ò2T5,
oSSa; túP2iï, túPPiî; IloAu8eú/(7jy, riííAAew<s,
PoLLux ; volere, voLRe, veLLe. Voss : ' à genitali
quo pollet.' (a) Vir, a maie.
Verricûlum, drag-net. Silius : Retibus a;quor
ì errere.
Verro. Properly, says Servius, to draw, drag.
From ipvu, to drag along, fut. Ipvcea, contr. (paw,
?p^o>, Fé/Spai, verro, as fjpos, Veris.—Or, as 6pa,
6peru, so epu, fpata, tppu, since from %pu are ipvu;
Ipas, iépxonai, &c. (8) Veho, vehero : Ridd. ?
Verruca, wart. Verruca, from Vep^vKu, airep^vKa,
whence averrunco. ' As taken away by the helio
trope, or any wart herb : ' Voss. See Verrucaria.
V, as Veru, French aVril.
Verrucaria, the herb wartwort or turnsole. The
juice of the leaf, says Pliny, with salt takes away
warts ; whence it is so called, worthy of being called
from other effects of it. Above.
Verrunco, Verunco, make to turn out, and act. to
turn out. 'nep^iÍKi», i. e. oirepvKco, to keep off from
one. Thus ' Dii bene verruncent ea mihi,' pro
perly, keep them off from me well, make them end
well. N, as in ciNcinnus, paNgo, &c.
Verso. Verto, versum.
Versor, to turn or go about in, frequent. Above.
Gr. ffTpoitpdouat.
Versum, -ùs, towards. Verto, versus. Turned
ad, to.
Versûram facere. Donatus à vertendo creditore,
from changing one creditor for another, borrowing
of one to pay another. Forcellini simply from
making a turning of money on loan from one per
son's hand to another's.
Versus, a line or verse in writing: some say,
where, as Gr. Povo^rpoeprsthv, the writer begins for
instance from left to right, and then vertit, turns
the opposite way, from right to left. Others, where
we simply turn back to the beginning of the line,
when we have got to the end. Or when the words
are turned in poetry from their natural order : See
Prosa. It means also a row, rank, furrow, &c. to
be similarly explained.
Versùtus, quick, subtle. Verto, versum. Easily
turning his mind any way. ' Versutos appello
quorum mens celeriter versatur : ' Cic. And Plautus
has versutior quàm rota figularis, than a potter's
wheel.
VERTAGUS, a greyhound. Riddle : ' A Gallic
word.' Wachter from the German, (a) ©jjpaTiiciis,
M. <j>ripaTiKbs, ejrnpTiicós. But thé A ? (3) 0i)p-
SJlkos, M. (ptipSÍKos, a wild-beast biter. (4) Verto,
 VER
from its windings. ' Blount calls them Gyrehounds
Todd.
Vertebrae, joints of the spine. Verto, as Salebrae.
As enabling us to turn the body.
Vertex. From verto. On which the heavens
turn, as ir6\os from iro\4us. Or where the hairs
turn on the head, i. e. the pole, iró\os.
Vertïcillus, spindle-wheel. Verto.
Vertïcûlae, joints ; screws in machines. Verto.
Vertigo, dizziness. Verto, as Origo.
Verto. From a verb ipiras, Fepvras, Fipras, formed
from ipvw, ïpvrai, to pull back, as 'Apvras from
'Apia. (2) As Wloptpk became iopfià, Forma ; Mûv
Násfi, Num ; *Ap.iQpeiv for 'ApiQp.tiv ; fyátryavov for
1,<páyavov ; so from rpéiras was iripras, verto, as Tlepi,
Ferè ; Tlo\tía, Voluo, Volvo. Or for the old vorto
from rpoiràs, troprás.
Vertumnus, a god. Verto, vertomenos : as Auc-
tumnus. Changing into various forms, like Proteus.
Turning goods into money. And others, as the god
of the fruits vertentis anni, of the year as it turns.
Vëru, a spit. As TíoKeíos, Voluo, Volvo, so
vera from velpai, mpS, to transfix. Homer : iretpav
Vervactum, ground broken up in the spring, and
resting till the following autumn. From vervagere
in Columella, supposed to be digammated from ver,
ago; verVagere, verVactum. So viBurnum, ver-
Bascum.
Vervex, wether sheep. A word <pip&ii£ from
tpépPas. Feeding and not propagating. (2) Verpex
from verpus.
Vërus. Haigh says : ' Connected well together,
from Fttpas, to knit.' And Scheid explains it ' sertus,
consertus, nexus.' E, as \EIoj, lêvis. (2) As from
rpias is rpeepbs, rpripos, whence rpfipasv, a dove ;
so from ias, to be, could be in olden time iepbs,
lipos, Frjpos, vents, allied (through perf. pass. Itoi)
to 4rebs, Ïtu/ìoí, true, i. e. which is the case ; and to
Svtoss, really, from t>y, 6vtos. Much in the same
way are our Worth and Worthy from the old Worth,
to be, as in Woe worth thee, Woe be to thee.
(3) Perott from ve and res. Not in word, but in
very deed. (A) Horne Tooke, though usually fond
of deducing Latin from the North, brings veins
from ve, rear : ' Much thought of, strongly im
pressed.' (5) "Epw, to speak, affirm.
Vërûtum, a dart with an iron head like a veru,
spit.
Vësânus. See ve—, not.
Vescor, feed on. As Bopà, Voro, and vOster,
vEster, vescor from Pimto/uu. (2) From fifo/uu,
PivKOfuu, as 0da, BacrKw. Bdo/xai is Vivam in II.
X- 431. (3) From ve and esca.
Vescus, eating much; and eating little, thin.
See ve—.
Vesica, bladder. As ^TjuouAkS, rEmulco ; Flva,
172
VET
VEna ; so acc. tpitriyya, vesicca. V, as Vates ; C,
as amurCa. From arfiXuTTa is spelunCa. (S)
*úo-a, as Arnica.
Vespa, wasp. Acc. affiica, M. <r<prjTtt, as \vKos,
luPus. Transp. <pfj<nra, as <r<p&yavov, qsáayavov.
Vespa, as Vates.
Vesper, Vespërus, Vespëra. 'Eoirepos, 'Emrfpa.
Vespertîlio, a bat. ' Seroque tenent à vespere
nomen,' Ov.
Vesperûgo, i. q. vesperus.
Vespillo, night-carrier of bodies. VesperiUo.
Vesta, goddess of the hearth. From loría, a
hearth ; as the goddess of it. Thus Vespera from
'EoTrépa; and I dropt as in Parens from Pariens.
Also the same as Terra, and here perhaps from
éVroa, to stand. ' Nempe Terra et ipsa immobilis
est, et ceteris causa est ardaeus, status mansionis-
que : ' Cic.
Vestâles, priestesses of Vesta.
Vester. Vos, anc. vaster, vester. (2) 2<)>ÉTcpoî,
<pé<TTfpos. See Vespa.
Vestïbûlum, porch, court, entry. From Vesta, as
Thuris, Thuribulum ; Sto, Stabulum. Servius : As
being consecrated to Vesta. Ovid : ' Focus in primis
sedibus ante suit. Hinc quoque vestibulum dici
reor: inde precando Dicimus, o Vesta quae loca
prima tenes.' For Vesta was called from iarla,
focus. (2) Gellius from ve, stabulum, as in Vescus :
' Quia grande spatium et lata stabulatio erat ante
aedes relicta.' (3) Babas, sida, $é$iì<rTat : by which
we go in. See Vestigium.
Vestïceps, of the age of puberty. Capio vestem
pubis, i. e. pube vestior. Opposed to Investis.
Vestigium, footstep. As Fastîgo and Fastigium
from Fastus, vesttgo and vestigium from vestis. For-
cellini : ' It seems to have been from vestis. For
formerly not only women, but men also wore long
garments, and so a mark was left not only of their
feet, but also of their clothes, by persons walking.
This was the reason, why, though in the first in
stance there was left only a mark of the feet, yet
the word was called from the clothes.' We have
lA/f6xÍT£i>j/€s 'Axaioì in Homer, and we have the ex
pression To draggle one's clothes. (2) Or from
ve and stigo, whence instigo, to prick, mark, as
Vescus, Vereor. (3) Supposing that fidie, Palvu
made ^//3tjittoi as well as fStfirrrai whence ijupur-
/3?jTfas, as firioaa from $é$ri<r<rai, from this could be
vestigium, as Bopû, Voro, and Fastigium above.
See Vestibulum 3.
Vestio. Tego veste.
Vestis. From i<r8r)s, Fto~8j)s, as Vetus from tros,
and laTeo from \aE>4as.—Or at once from earo or
êarat, passive of êyvv/n, to put on.
Vëtërâni, veterans. Vetus.
Vëtërâtor, an old rogue. Vetus in astutià : Fest.
Vëtërêtum, old fallow ground. Vetus.
 VET
Vëtërïnârius, curer of vetermi.
Vëtërinus, bearing burdens or drawing carriages.
Veho, vectum, vecterinus : or vehiterinus. Much
as -Œternus.
Vëternus, lethargy. Vetus, as iEternus. As
principally attacking the old. Also filth long con
tracted : and antiquity.
Veto, I forbid. Like the verb Antiquo and Gr.
TraXaiiia, from vetus, I put out of date, repeal. (fl)
From Ferbs, in vain : fer», I frustrate. (3) From
'<pe-rw, à<pfT(a>, formed from íuperos, rejected. So
Mulgeo from '\pj>\yiu, 'u.o\yiu.
Vêtus, old. From trot, Firos, as ipor, Veris. One
in years, annosus.
Vexillum. See Velum.
Vexo. For ve axo, from ago, axi, whence axis.
So Agito is used, and Fatigo from Fatimago. Thus
Nego for Neago. (a) From veho, vexi. Martyn :
' A man who is taken up and carried away by
violence, is properly said to be vexatus. For, as
Taxo is a much stronger word than Tango, Jacto
than Jacio, Quasso than Quatio, so vexo than who.'
(3) rtyyu, \a, to drive in as a nail.
Via. From to, Fiu, subj. of fljtu, to go, as
Vis. Viator presumes a word vio, viâvi. (S) From
veho. Vehia, veia, via. Varro has vea. (3) From
'-yvià, àyvií. Guia, via, much as Duellum, Bellum.
Viaticum, Viator. Via.
Vîbex, a weal. *I/8u{, o-Teyn^, Hesych. from ïirra,
T/Soe, to hurt. See Vibia.
Vibia, a stake. 'Iffva, to strike : Hesych.
Víbro, brandish. As bo<pfoi, transp. 6p<péu, Sor-
beo ; so bupû fut. of ^tirr», transp. l<ppâ. Hence
(as íx^os» FòKxos, Vulgus,) Fuppû, viphro and vibro,
as &u$a, amBo, and mBAl) for <«*aA^. 'Piini (from
bim-w) has, says Bp. Blomfield, everywhere the
sense of vibration, (a) Ainsworth from I0we, to
strike. (3) Haigh : ' From v&pû for vQpifa, which
might mean to brandish a weapon in an insulting
manner.' (4) Veho, vehebro, vebro : Schw. ?
Viburnum, the wayfaring-tree. As biBo, for
viurnum from vieo, like Diurnum. ' The pliant
mealy tree. From its use in making bands : ' Turt.
' It is particularly pliant and flexible : ' Fore. (B)
'l$ia>, to strike. ' As fit for beating : ' Fore. (3)
What if from via, as our Wayfaring-tree ?
Vïcârius, who supplies another's vicem, turn.
Vicêni, twenty. Viginti, viginteni, vigeni. So
Triceni.
Vîcêsimus, Vïg., 20th. Vigintesimus.
Vicia, vetch. Voss: Galen says it was called
0'imov by the Asiatics, (a) ' B'mos, a pitcher : from
the shape of its pods : ' Turt. (3) tixri, a lentil.
Vicies, Vigies, twenty times. Viginties.
Vicinus, neighbouring. Vicus as Marinus. One
of your village, as Kaftiims. So ito\(ttis, one of
your city ; ytlruv, one of your part of the country.
VIG
VTcis, properly, a succession or exchanging ; one
thing corresponding to another, taking turns with
another, as in Vicissim. From Fhkùs, like, or even
Fikws, as ÍKtXos is found as well as tUtKos. How
ever, Vïtium is from AÍtioc, tïmor from Stinbp, ïta
from íÎto.—Or, as Dr. Jones understands ftica here,
to yield. Thus Vicarius is one who supplies another's
room in his absence.
Vïcissim, Vícissïtûdo. Vicia. Perhaps as Sensim.
Victïma. From victa, as Alo, Alima, Alma.
Offered up at the conquest of an enemy. Ovid :
Victima quae cecidit dextrâ victrice vocatur. (B)
Digammated for ictima, from ico, iclum.
Victor, Victoria. Vinco.
Victôriâtus, a silver coin, stamped with the figure
of Victory.
Victus, food. Vivo, vixi, victum : by which we
live. First, vivo, vivsi, vissi, vixi, as UlySSes,
UlyXes. Then vixtum, i. e. victsum, victum.
VIcus, street. As Ofoov, Vinum, so oIkos, view.
Consisting of houses together, or under one long
roof.
Videlicet, videre licet, you may see, as Scilicet,
you may know. So our To wit, i. e. to know. That
is to say, it 's clear, verily. Sec
Video. FiScu, from tXSov, t&ov.
Vïdeor, I seem. I. e. am seen to be. Above.
Vîdêsïs, vide si vis.
Vidua, widow. Viduus.
T Vidûlus, travelling-bag for money or provisions.
FiSios, privatus: vidiulus, as Gerulus. Thus ÌSÍa
lah twv aWav is seorsum, and itiairtpov is ' secre-
tiùs,' Steph. (8) 4>ei5iíAoî, dimin. of <pei5i>s, thrifty ;
or, as the I appears short, from <pïïbs used by Calli-
machus. (3) For the via, way. Viatum, viatulus,
as Viator. Or íî/it, Ïtoi, to go.
Vïduo, I bereave. 'ISiâ, FiStw, whence is ^{iSioC-
/lat, to make one's own, to appropriate: hence to
deprive, bereave. U, as bidlum, bidUum. The
Etrurians said iduo without the Digamma.
Vïduus, bereft. Above.
Vieo, I bind, hoop. Vieo is fiiáa, f3ido/iai, as
BopcS, Voro; and as juaSAst, madEO. (B) TUtw,
whence tUfa. (3) Vis, vi, as some derive Violo.
(4) Ainsworth from Ua>, Flits, 'committo, jungo.'
As iairipa, Vespera.
Viëtor, a cooper. Above.
Viêtus, soft, flaccid. Terence: Vetus, vietus
senex. Where Donatus : ' Flexible in body. Vieo
was to bind, whence vimen, vitis ; and the more
pliant are twigs, the more we can bind with them.'
Thus KvytiSris is ' like a willow-twig, i. e. taper,
pliant : ' Lidd. Vielus, says Dacier, is said of twigs
which become flaccid after they are used for twining.
Vïgeo, am robust, vigorous. For vegeo, as vEn-
dico, vlndico ; lEber, liber : so splcio. Varro ex
plains viget ' agilis, alacris est.' (B) Vim ago. ?
 VIG
Vîgtes. See Vicies.
Vïgil, watchful. From vigeo, as Ago, Agilis.
Varro explains Viget ' agilis, alacris est,' i. e. active,
brisk, alive. (2) For ve-agilis, veigilis, as Ago,
exlgo. So Bigse for Bi-agae. Ve as in Vescus.
Viginti, twenty. Corrupted from M. Pelican. N,
as in quadraNtis, trieNtis ; G in quinGenti ; I in
contlngo, comlssor. (a) Bis ; ginti as in Triginta,
from Gr. —xom-a. (3) Key for duiginti. Much
as Bis.
Vigor. From vigeo.
Vîlis, cheap, &c. From <pav\os, as *<£ttjî, Vates ;
and I, much as axAIoi, achlvi.
Villa, farm-house and outbuildings. Vicus, vi-
cula. A little street, (a) Veho, vehilla. Where
the fruits of the earth are carried. ? (3) Ose, vil
lage -, oiilla ; as Vinum. ?
Villïcus, overseer of a villa.
Villum, small wine. Vinulum.
Villus, tuft of hair. From ÏWm, FlWa, to roll or
twist together. Pilus convolutus, says Voss. (a)
From mXû, to stuff close ; whence iriXos, wool or
hair wrought into felt. Hence pilulus, pillus and
villus, as Uohiíai, Voluo, Volvo. (3) Allied to
vellus: Ridd.
Vîmen, wicker-rod. Vieo, to bind, whence Vitis.
As Numen. •
Vînâceum, i. e. acinum, grape-stone. Pertaining to
vinum, wine. And Vinacea, husks of squeezed grapes.
Vinca pervinca, the herb periwinkle. Pliny says,
because it always flourishes, and vincit et pervincit
the injuries of the air. Look at the plant, and see
how perseveringly it spreads and carries all before
it. (8) Turton from vincio. As useful in making
bands. So Bacon : ' There are in use, for the pre
vention of the cramp, bands of green periwinkles
tied about the calf of the leg.' Pliny says again of
it, that it stretches like a cord, 'vinciens quœque
tenuibus sarmentis.'
Vincio, bind. From crtptyyiov, a string, band:
or tr<piyyiû from a word otyeyyifa like (rrpiyyw. As
patlOR. 2 dropt, as S^xÚAai, Fallo. V, as Harris,
Vates. C, as /uaTéa, misCeo. (2) From nvKvbs,
whence ttvkvów, to make close, and a verb mncvltju,
fut. irvKviw, irucfcicS, as oXAos, íAXoî, vuLGus. (3)
For vimine amjicio.
Vinco. As 2<piWa>, Fallo ; so <r<j>lyyu, (to bind
tight,) vinco, as Venenum from Qtrnvhv, and amurCa
from àpopTÍ). Psalm 149. 8 : To bind their kings
with chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron,
(a) As 'Potpea, 'O/xpe'w, Sorbeo, aud much as 'Ap
urai», Rapio, so vikSi, XvkSi, vinco, as #x^os> F6\xos,
Vulgus ; ìfis, Viscus. (3) As the perfect is vici,
vinco may be from the same root as ico digammated,
i. e. eixa perfect of Iq/u, to shoot, hurl at, smite :
allied to ÌÁKhta, Mjtt».
Vinculum, chain. Vincio.
174
VIR
Vindëmia, grape-gathering. Quâ demimus vinias,
for vinea is used for a vine. Or, de vineâ. Or, ad
vinum faciendum.
Vindex, ïcis, avenger. Vindico.
Vindïciœ, claim to possess ; and possession. Below.
Vindïco, Vendïco, lay claim to ; avenge the cause
of myself or others. From FevSmâ, to think (&»5j-
kov) right and due, in the sense of 4k$ìkS, vindico.
(B) Riddle : ' For venum dico, from venum, property.
To adjudge or award as property. Or vim dico.'
Vindicta, deliverance ; and revenge ; a lictor's rod
placed on the head to deliver from slavery. Vindi-
cata, as Liberta.
Vinea, vineyard, vine. Vinum. Planted for the
making of wine, (a) Vitiginea. Others for vitinea.
Vinea, mantlet used in sieges. Viminea, of osier.
Caesar says that on one occasion the engines were so
numerous that no ' vineœ contexte viminibus ' could
resist them.
Vinïtor. Vineœ cultor : as Pariens, Parens.
Vinúlus, Vinnûlus. Plautus : Oratione vinula,
venustulâ. Dacier: ' Vinulus is soft, à vini dimi-
nutione. For wine of the second order was called
vinulum and villum.' (a) Venus, venulus. I, as
vEgeo, vigeo.
Vinum. Foìvoy ace, as FoÎkos, Vicus.
Vio, I go. See Via.
Viola, violet. From Flov. Much as parvULA,
&c. A diminutive, says Key, well suited to the
size of the flower.
Violens, Violentas. From fìía, like Opes, Opu-
lentus ; Vinum, Vinolentus. V, as Biâ, Vivo. Or
from vis, vi ; or violo.
Viôlo, mar, injure. From 0Za, as Sophocles v6-
fiovs fìtiÇerai. Others from vis, vi. Much as
Ustum, Ustulo.
Vîpëra, for vivipara. ' For it is said to he the
only kind of serpent which produces a living animal -.'
Forcell. (a) For viripara, i. e. virus pariens, as
Parens for Pariens. (3) For virifera, visera, vi-
pera. (4) From firrw, hoy, Ftiroy, to hurt. As
patERA, IctttEPA. :
Vir may mean primarily a male, derived from
Ftp, a Laconian form of U or FXs, strength, might.
Thus the Laconians said, as Hesychius informs us,
tiP for ti2 ; and as to the V, Frip was said, whence
Ver. The Latins said both arboR and arboS, honoR
and honoS. (a) Again, vir is not A man, but The
man; not any man, but a man of valor or. virtue;
not a female or a wife, but a male or a husband.
Now tr was used in a personal sense of distinction,
as in /xerecHp' Upri is T7]\efidxoio, which Clarke
renders by Allocutus est nobilis Telemachus. And
Stephens says : ' Homer uses ìs 'OBwrijos, is Ti)\e-
pÁxoio, *s 'Hpcuc\7i€Í7ï for 'OSuireòs, Tr]\éfiaxost
'HpaK\rjs.' Thus Fïs, Fip or Vir was applied pri.
marily to individuals with a personal genitive or.
 VIR
adjective, which became gradually disused :—much
as the form Legimini was from Avyiimrm fVri, the
latter word gradually disappearing. (3) Frere from
<piip, which he understands to be the appellative of
the Centaur, the Thessalian cavalier, the finest spe
cimen of the manly character.
Vïrâgo. Quae virum at/it : who acts the man, a
heroine.
Vireo, am verdant, for vereo, as vlgeo for vEgeo,
liber for the old lEber ; and vereo from ijp, Fijp, the
spring, as sera from cf>Hpa, ttmor from SEIyuip, it a
from EIto, jëcur from TH<cap. To be fresh and
green as in the spring, like Verno. See Surio. Or
FtaplÇu, Ftaptû, ' verno, i. e. vernam temperiem seu
amcenitatem refero,' Steph. Hence vereo, as the 0
is lost in sEcurus from sEOrsùm-cura; and E for I,
as bEo from
Vireo, a witwal. See Galbula.
Vires. Vis, as Mus, Mures.
Virga, a young or small branch ; staff, rod, rod of
the lictors ; stripe or streak, as £<£/38or. Vireo,
virica, virca : as Fabrica. So foÉAAw, OtlWos.
Virgo, virgin. As we say Spinster from Spinning,
the Latins formed the word for Damsel from work
ing generally. Thus from ipyov was ipycuAs, whence
virginis, as tvrtpov, Venter ; TEyyw, tlngo ; and as
/uaxAi/à, machina. Homer: Aiivw ima yuvàÌKas
0p.ip.ovas, 'EPI* eiSulas. Virgil: Olli serra datur,
OPERUM haud ignara Minervae. (B) From vireo,
for virìgo, like Orïgo : à virenti astate. (3|) From
virago, a heroine.
Virgultum, shrub. Virga, virgula, as Salix, Sali-
cis, Salictum. A quantity of sprouting stems.
VIRIA, bracelet. Viriœ Celtibericae, says Pliny.
(2) Vir, viri, says Isidorus, as the reward of the
brave. Forcellini says it was properly ' gestamen
virorum,' worn by men. (3) Fctpa, to entwine.
(A) Vireo. As made of green precious stones.
• Vinculum, an encaustic or enamelling instrument.
Uro, uriculum, as Verriculum. Uriculum, or vincu
lum, which became of necessity viriculum, as pj/â,
m I n:i ; 0<pi, slbi ; Tpirrbv, tEmetum ; donlcum,
sescUlapius, sibllo, &c. Thus kvipos, in becoming
âvpbs, became of necessity àySpós.
Vïrîdi8, green. Vireo, 'to be green, to bloom:'
Ridd.
Vïrïlis, Vïrîtim. Vir.
Virtus. Vir, viri, viritus, virtus, as Servus, Ser-
vitus. Cicero : ' Appellata est à viro virtus : viri
autem propria maxime est fortitudo.' So Gr. ívSpeía.
Virus, vital juice, sperm ; poisonous juice, taste or
smell. Vires, power, vigor, (a) 'lbs, Fibs, poison.
R, as nuRus.
Vis. M. Fis, as Fîip, Ver.
, Vis. Volo, volis.
Viscus, mistletoe : birdlime. 'I£ì>s, Fucabs, Fìskìs.
And Viscum from acc. Ftonbv, as Ohov, Vinum.
175
VIT
Viscus, PI. viscera, usually the bowels ; from.
(piicjK-q, the stomach and intestines. As +<tT7js,
Vates.—But also the flesh between the skin and the
bones. Here viscus seems to be from laxbs, Fto-xbs,
strength ; as constituting the bodily strength of the
animal, emaciation on the contrary evincing weak
ness and disease. Even the first sense would seem
to flow from this, if we believe Forcellini, who dis
tinguishes viscera from intestina by the former being
the upper entrails, as the heart, the lungs, the liver,
the spleen, and the reins, ' as being fleshy.'
Visio, to fizz. *i«7ió), to blow, hiss.
Viso, Visum. Video, visum.
Visula, some vine. ' It seems a diminutive, and
writers attribute to it but little power. Hence it is
perhaps contr. from viticula: S for T, as is fre
quent : ' Fore. Rather, vitiscula, viscula, vissula.
Vita. Vivo, vivitum, as Voveo, Vovitum, Votum.
Vïtellus, little calf. Vilulus.
Vïtellus, yolk of egg. Turton from vita : as con
taining the life of the chicken. And thus arena
from âreo, odium from ódi, d'ícax from dico, sâgax
from sâgio. (a) Or from cpín-bv, an offspring : for
phitellus, as *ánjj, Vates ; *h£at(, Vial.
Vitex, withy. Allied to Vitis, Vimen.
Vitilëna, vitiosa Una. See Vitilitigo.
Vitiligo, the morphew. ' From vilulus : from the
whiteness of the skin and flesh : ' Turt. So the
Gr. &\<pos, Lat. Albus. As Origo. (a) Vilium, as
Fumus, Fumiligo, Fuligo.
Vïtïlis, good for tying. Vieo, vietilis.
Vitilitigo, basely detract. Vitiosè litigo.
VTtio, vitium infero.
Vitis, vine : vine sapling borne by centurions :
centurion. Vieo, vietum, vilum, like Vililis. ' Either
because it requires to be tied or bound to some
thing: or because it is easily bent and useful for
binding with : ' Forcell. ' As being pliant, from
vieo, flecto : ' Ainsw.
Vitium, fault. AÎTÍo is ' culpa, crimen,' Steph. :
cdsrios is ' qui culpari debet,' Id. Hence then is
oÏtioi', Vilium, as àévros, Ventus ; olvov, Vinum.
Vito, beware of. From tpeíSw, <pei&op.ai, to draw
back or from. Much as from UeiBa is Fido. (a)
As Moveo, Movito, Muto; Providens, Proïdens,
Prudens: sofugio, fugito,fu'ilo, fuito, vito.
Vîtrîcus, stepfather. Vicepatrigus, vitrigus: qui
vicem palris agit. Or vice-patricus. (a) TlaTpiKÓs.
Vatricus.
Vïtrum, glass. Is. Voss refers vilrum to drvpov,
which in Hesychius is SaXoy, glass. Mrupov, alrpor,
vitrum, as Aïtiov, Vitium. (a) Vireo, viritum,
whence viritrum, as Vereor, Veretrum; Tonitum,
Tonitrus ; Transitum, Transitrum, Transtrum : hence
vitrum. From its green color. (3) From video,
viditum. From its transparency.
Vitta, fillet. As from j>ieo, viêlum, is viêtilis,
 VIT UMB
vitilis; so vietica, like Fabrice, vitica, vitca, vitta, affinities of ulmus to the Latin, (a) Haigh thus
as Ò2T5, oSSa. reasons : ' "OAjuos is a mortar, pestle, tripod, a kind
Vîtûlor, rejoice. Voss says that Vi in Ennius is of cup, a part of the leg, the trunk of the body.
long; hence from vita. Nonius 'à bona vita: we The four first meanings have nothing in common
say that he vivit who is in the height of joy.' but the wood of which they are made, and the rest
Dacier : ' Vita is sometimes joy and delight.' Ma- clearly allude to the trunk of a tree. This is un
crobius says that Vitula was the goddess of pleasure. doubtedly the elm, ulmus, the wood of which was
So Ustulo, Postulo. (a) 'IraAij, a calf, or vitulus. in very general use among the Greeks and Romans.'
To skip like a calf, exulto. "0\nos is however referred by Liddell and Lennep
Vïtûliis, a calf, &c. Hesychius explains 1rv\os to 6ÏAw, ÍAptu, volvo. Hence ? (3) Isidorus refers
by vios, àwaAòs, and F'nvAos agrees with vitulus. it to the {uliginosa) marshy places, in which, he
Wakefield refers to IrvAos in the Schol. on Theocr. says, it best grows. Rather from é'Aos, a marsh ;
3. 7, and adds: Hinc Lat. vitulus. (a) Haigh says: whence tAtuos, tAuos, ulmus, as "EAkos, Ulcus.
' From WaAbs, from Ïttjs, bold.' It appears that ito- But it does not at all appear that his assertion is
Abs was a bull. For Varro says that Timxus writes correct. Indeed it is called ' montana.' Hence ?
that bulls were called iraAoi ; and he and Columella Ulna, the arm ; a cubit. 'slAiVa, S>Ava.
state that Italy was so called from this word. Ulpïcum, African garlic. Called also allium
Vitulus would thus be a bull-calf. Punicum, whence alpunicum, alpicum, ulpicum, as
Vïtûpëro, find fault with. Vitium paro. As "Afi$ay, Umbo.
Pariens, Parens. Uls, beyond. In oUis, iUis locis, opposed to In
Vîvârium, pond, park for viva animalia. his locis. Ols, uls.
Viverra, ferret. Viviterra, living under ground, Ulterus, Ulterior. Uls, ulsterus, ulterus. As
(a) Viva, lively. Interus, &c.
Vîvïdus. Vivus, as Frigidus. Ultïmus, last. Ulterus, ulterrimus, then as Exti-
Vivo, /3i£>, fìiFù, as irico, irlFa, biBo. Thus : bio, mus.
HBo ; vio, viVo. V, as BopcD, Voro. Ultio, revenge. Ulciscor.
Vix, scarcely. As Vixi for Vivsi from Vivo ; Nix Ultra, beyond. Ultera parte.
for Niv8, Nivis ; Proximus for Propissimus, Propsi- Ultro, for ultero. From uls, ulsterus, as Sub,
mus; so vix for vibs shortened from viribus, as Subter, &c. and ulterus for softness. Properly,
uóyts and uoAis were said for noyois, nóAois. With beyond : as in Ultra, Ultrbque citroque. Also, still
one's might. Compare Mox. (2) As BúpjU7)| for further. Virgil: Et miserescimus ultra. Also,
Mippr)(, uiyu, M. liiyis, might be changed to beyond what we might expect : a sense which
fivyis, bix or vix, as Biû, Vivo. Crevier fixes on ultra in Livy. Hence, out of one's
Ulciscor, I revenge, (like Apiscor, Expergiscor, pure good will, i.e. beyond what we could ask or
Sic.) from ulcus. To feel a sore, to be sore about a think. Uls is ols, as Ille was Olle ; for oUis, i. e. in
thing. With an accusative, as after KÓm-otiai and ollis locis, opposed to ' in his locis.' (a) Ultra, cut
Plango. (a) Voss refers ulcisco to a word òáAÌku, down from e'Aeufle'p^ ; or from volo, volitum, voltum.
to ruin another for revenge. ? But?
Ulcus, a sore. "EXkos. For hulcus, as it is also Ulva, sedge. As°EAkoi, Ulcus, so lAelFa, elva,
written. ulva. V, as sylVa. Marshy, (a) "TSos, water:
Ulex, a shrub like rosemary, which is burnt and udiva, udva. Or uda, udiva.
set in ditches made for detaining the particles of Ulula, owl. ' From ululo, as òAoAúf», ÒAoAvyiív :'
gold. Aurilex, aulex, ulex, as clAUdo, clUdo. Fore.
From aurum lego or lacio. Ululo, howl. Shortened from òAoAiífu. (a) Or
Uligo, moisture. Udus, udiligo, as Fumus, Fumi- from vAdw, iAâ, to bark ; redupl. bAvAû, as TIoAvs,
ligo, Fuligo. Hono\ì/s, Populus; T/AA.6), Titillo. Thus vXaierta
Ullus, any. Vnus, unulus, unlus, ullus. As the is to howl. (3) Dumesnil from ulula. (4) Key
old Benus, Benulus, Bellus. from 4\eXe\ei.
Ulmus, elm. The epithets of the elm are ' fron- Ulysses, 'OSumreiu, as Lacryma.
dosa, alta, patula, densa, procera, ardua, aëria, Umbella. Umbra, as Flagrum, Flagellum.
ramosa,' in Greek eStpvAAos, ameivii, tbtpv^s. Now, Umbilicus, navel, middle. 'OpipaAbs, umbilus, as
as from Alo is Alimus, Almus, so from oleo, to grow, Umbo, amBo, machina. Umbilicus, as Amicus.—
is OLIMUS, olmus, ulmus, well-grown, grown fine Also a cedar stick round which a book was rolled ;
and tall, as Altus from Alo, Adultus from Adoleo. as being in the middle. And the end, as the stick
The gender may seem to affect this etymology; was not applied till the book was ended. A cockle,
yet Ornu8 is derived from the masculine botivis. wrinkled like the navel.
Skinner, savs Wachtcr, refers all the northern | Umbo. Stephens : ' It seems to be formed from
176
 UMB
SjufW, though they take the former to mean the
centre or in<pa\bs of the shield, and not the pro
jecting rim.' Thus "Ayxos, "Oyxos and Uncus ; and
N dropt, as in TIAdrav, Plato.
Umbra. A corruption. "Opipva, transp. 6v<ppa, (as
itpuBptty for ápi6u*îv, tpduryavov for ffipiyayov,) onbra,
as rtfitti, am Bo ; ombra, umbra, as iM&alvttv for
&N/3aiycu>! 0OA0os, bUlbus. (fl) From ififipos,
a shower, as darkening the sky. So mjpOS, cerA.
But?
Umbra, some fish. From oblique lines going
from its back, mixed up of gold and darker ones
which are shadows of the former. Gr. axíouva,
ffKiaBls, fficu&efa : and tTKtiravos, covered. Ovid
calls them Corporis umbrae liventis.—Donnegan :
' Remarkable for rapid swimming, gliding by like a
shadow.'
Una. UnS opera, via, &c.
Uncia, ounce. Oiiyx'ta, a Sicilian word, says
Pollux. (2) Unica, unicia, as Gratia; then uncia.
Uncïnus, hook. Uncus, as Divinus. Gr. iyxivos.
Uncus, hook, &c. "Oyicos.
Unda, wave. From a word olSéunr) (from oìSívw,
to swell, like Kvp.a from Kúa>, tumeo,) oîSva, oìvtia,
(as óXAos, óAXoî, volgus,) whence unda, as vOIvìl,
pŒna, pUnio. Euripides has olSp.' óAds. (2) From
uda ; N inserted as in frago, fraNgo.
Unde, whence. As 'íïXeVa, Tn\ya, Ulna, so unde
from uvSe, i. e. ^| wv Si tóttwv, as in tvfcvfc. So
S9ey is, from which place. (2) "Ev8(vSe, h>Bc, unde,
as "EAkos, Ulcus.—Or from ivBtv, tvBt, as ÉirôoN,
indu. D, as in Dens. (3) Um-de, from w, us;
Schw. That is, '6s.
Undêvîginti, unus de viginti.
Undïque. Undecumque, whencesover. I, as
animus.
. Undo. See Abundo.
Unëdo, the strawberry tree and fruit. Pliny calls
it a tree of dishonor, as its name shows that only
unus, one can be edi, eaten at a time.
Ungo, Unguo, bathe, soak, daub. 'Zyxiu, whence
íyxyua, an infusion. U, as "EAicoí, Ulcus. (2)
Allied to óypós. See Sugo.
Unguen, -ntum. Above.
Unguis, nail, claw. "OvuJ, Svvxos, Svxvos or
Syxvos, onguis, unguis, as'OyKos, Uncus. (2) From
oyicos, unguis, as eKouai, seQUor.
Ungiila, hoof, claw, &c. From unguis, soft for
unguula. Voss will have it from ivvxa, uncha,
unga. (2) From àyKv\T\, curved ; as "Au&wv,
Umbo.
Ungiilus, a ring. ' Uncus, unculus. Curved : '
Voss. (2) 'AyKvKos, curved.
Unïcus. Unus, as Tetricus.
Unio, the number one. Unus. A union into
one. A kind of onion, ' unicaulis,' Fore. A pearl :
Turton, as only one is found in a shell. Plinv, as
177
VOL
there are never two alike in a shell. Voss, from
some resemblance to the onion.
Unïversus. Versus ab omni parte in unam. Or,
omnis ad unum versus ad.
Unquam, at any time, ever. Unicam, uncam,
unquam, as inColinus, inQUilinus. So Gr. ptaxpiv.
(2) Unum-quam : Ridd.
Unus. As "EXkoî, Ulcus ; vEllo, vUlsus, so unus
from iv6s. The U could scarcely fail of being long,
after this change. (2) Better, as omits was an old
word, from oios, œus, œNus, as in siNo, miNor,
leNis ; and unus, as irOIv)), ptEna, pUnio. Indeed
ottrti is the ace on dice, and oivlfa is pováÇui,
Hesych.
Vôcâbúlum, by which a thing vacatur, is called.
Vôcâlis. Vox, vocis.
Vôcïfëror, vocem longéfero. '
Voco, I call. As trwéos, speCus j SUt, deCet ;
(pios, faCis ; so /SoiD, voCo. V, as Biw, Vivo.
Voconia pyra, ' called perhaps from one Voconius,
though Pliny ranks them among those whose origin
is not known. One MS. has vocima: ' Fore.
Vola, palm of the hand, sole of the foot. Voss :
' From $o\à, a throw : as what is thrown, is laid
hold of by this part. Thus from rdWa is iraKipT),
Palma.'• xe'Pes-
tíó&ai (2) Transp.
V, asfrom Kifia,(3)
Voco. a hand.
aO\a,Hesychius:
F6\a, in-
tegra (manus) ?
Vôlâtïca, witch. Volo. As flitting about.
Volêmum, some large pear. Servius : ' As filling
volam, the palm of the hand.' Virgil calls them
' gravia.' See Racemus. Servius adds that in the
Gallic language volema is so used; whence some
refer to Germ, vol, full.
Volo, I fly. From 0o\i), a throwing, darting, as
Voro from Bopá. To throw oneself forward, pro-
jicio me. Much as bipapiAtos is Swift, from fiiirra,
tpjiupa. (2) From iroAéu, û, to go round about,
range over, as Veru from Ilepâ. (3) *E\ai: Ridd.
Vôlo, I wish. Usually referred to the root of
govAopai, i. e. $oXâ, to cast the mind upon. Homer,
'Ei>l <pp«r) fìáWeo offft. But, as we find vElim, volo
may be for vElo, as Ftp.S>, vOmo : and vélo from
Bihce, M. <pé\a, as íóttjs, Vates : or from <s\a, to
choose, digammated F4\a, as 'EoWpa, Vespera.
Vôlônes, volunteers. Volo.
Volsella, tweezers. Velio, volsum.
Volva, the secundine. Volvo, involvo. ' Invo-
lucrum foetus et fungorum : ' Fore.
Volubilis. Voluo, volvo.
Vôlûcer, flying, swift. Volo.
Vôlûcra, a vine-fretter. Voluo. Called Volvox,
Convolvulus, Involvulus.
Volûmen, a rolling, fold, wreath. A book, for
they formerly pasted several sheets together, and
rolled them on a stick. We say the Roll of a
book. Voluo, volvo. -
z

Voluntas, the will ; a will. Volo.
Volvo. For voluo, whence volûtum, as Soliio,
Solvo, Solutum. From iroA.ii'>». V, as Veru, leVis.
(2) Ei'AS : Ridd. Or ÏAA», S\a, F6\Fa,
Vôlûpe, agreeable. Volo.
Voluptas. Volupe, volupitas, as Longinquitas.
Vôlûta, member of a pillar. Voluo, volvo. Re
presenting the bark of trees twisted into spiral lines :
or, with others, the head-dresses of virgins in their
long hair.
Vôlûto, I ponder. Volvo mente : volutum. And
I wallow.
Vomer, ploughshare. From viïmo, vomi, to spit
out. Figuratively said of the share throwing up the
clods.
Vomica, imposthume. Vomo, as Manica. Dis
charging sanious matter.
■ Vômo, vomit. From fe/ué<», FeftH, as vEos, rEFos,
nOvus.
Vopiscus, one born of two children conceived.
Properly, the one remaining behind, while the other
falls off: FóirurSc, behind, Fott»t6ik6s. 'OirlcBoiros,
following behind, is used by jEschylus.
Vôrâgo, whirlpool. From voro, as Plumbago.
Virgil : Vorat œquore vortex.
Voro, devour. Bopà, food, is from obs. Bopà,
whence fìpóa, fipiiaxw. Hence voro. So fiophs is
devouring.
Vortex, whirlpool. From vorto, verto, to turn up,
to whirl.
Vos. 2^, transp. <p$s, (as MiV, NiD/i, Num,)
and vos, like Harris, Vates. Then Nos, from
received the S after the model of vos.—Or the S
was dropped in <r<pii as in ScpdWai, Fallo ; and the
S added to nos and vos, as the Cretans said &yes for
dye, oticaSts for oíxalt, and so legitiS from \4ytrt.
(Maitt. 247, 409.) Or S is assumed after Gradus,
Homines, &c.
Vôtum, vow, prayer with vow. Voveo, vovitum.
Vôveo, I vow, pray and vow. From jSejSaiû, to
establish i. e. by strong assurance : whence bebeo, as
eAAIoc, olEum; veveo, as Biâ, ViVo; then voveo,
as vOmo from Fep.â. (2) As ópéw for ópda, so
Boeui for Socio;, to speak out with a loud voice ;
hence 0oF4a, voveo, as BiFâ, ViVo.
Vox, vôcis, voice. As Regens, Regs, Rex ; so
vocans, vocs, vox. (2 ) Vox, from /3u£û from fiodau,
JEoh $oa^â. (3) "Ois/ : Ridd.
Upilio. See Opilio.
Upupa, hoopoo, puet. "Eiroty, acc. ftroTra. (2)
Varro from the sound pu pu.
Upupa, a kind of mattock, ' used by Plautus in
joke, as it was like a puet's head with the beak,'
Ainsw.
Urania, a Muse. Obpavia.
Urbanus, of the city, polished. Urbs.
Urbs. See Orbis.
178
URT
Urceolâris herba, feverfew, from its scouring
glass urceos, vessels.
Urceus, pitcher. "Tpxa, pickle-jar.
Urêdo, burning on the skin; blasting of trees.
Uro, as Torpedo.
Urgeo, press, impel. Becman : ' Properly to insti
gate to work, from ipyov, through ovpyta, existing
only in compounds, as in ayaSovpyim, Kcutovpytui,
(or wpyiu in) yttapyite.' (2) From opto, iopna,
4opK€ùi, urceo, urgeo, as àyKú\os, anGulus. (3)
From òpyáu, to be eager ; used actively, to make
eager ; press a person on. As "OyKos, Uncus ; fia-
5AÍ1, madEO. (4) From ovpâyiu, ovpyéa, to lead
the rear, press on the van. (5) Eípyu: Ridd.
Perf. topya.
Urigo, burning passion. Uro, as Origo.
Urina, urine. Oipov, as Piscina.
Urino, -nor, to dive and come up again. Urvum
is explained by Varro ' so bent as to return upwards
or up again,' and hence, he says, is urino. As
Bovînor. I. e., urvmo, uruino, urino. Becman says
that this is both very learned and very true. (2)
From a word tvpivwfxai, to be quick in tracing out,
here specially by diving after. ./Elian : ìx^eurucí)
«al ttplvos kíuv. We say To dive into things. (3)
'Appei/w, or iptvvw.
Urina ova, wind-eggs. OSpiva.
Urna, water-pot, urn. "tSplvn, udrina, urdna,
urna. A water vessel. Aspirate lost, as in "EAkos,
Ulcus. (2) As prepared by fire. Uro, urina, as
Ruina, Rapina. (3) Orca, orcina, orna. (4) Varro :
' Quòd in aquâ hauriendâ urinat,' ducks under. ?
Uro, I burn. From (Sa, to singe, as vvbs, nuRus ;
íav, eRam. So diRimo. The aspirate dropt as in
"EA/cos, Ulcus. (2) For buro, allied to itvp : Ridd.
Uropygium, rump, ovpoirbyiov.
Urruncum, the lowest part of an ear of corn.
' Gesner doubts with reason of the genuineness of
the word : ' Fore. If genuine, from oipà, the lowest
part : odpvyÇ, vyyos.
Ursus, a bear. Epithets of the bear are Gr.
\curiaíxn"t XaíT'he'í> Uat. villosus. Now, as Moneo
made Monsum, whence Monstro and Monstrum, so
horreo made horsum, whence horsus in the sense of
horridus, shaggy, hairy. Horsus would fall into
hursus, as vOltus, cOltus into vUltus, cUltus : and
hursus would lose its aspirate like Hulcus and Hansa.
(2) Haigh : From xipaos, uncultivated, rough. As
Xópros, Hortus. (3) As 'A/i/W became Umbo,
UpKTos or &pTos (as Arctus is written Artus ; Auc-
tumnus Autumnus ; Mulcto Multo,) could be urtus,
and ursus as Tíjreí became Síìtes, T^/tepov S^uepoi/,
and nvpiirq is found as well pipTos. So Pulso and
Pulto, Merso and Merto, &c.
Urtïca, nettle. Uro, uritum, urtum, as Mergo,
Mergitum, Mertum, Merto. Macer says that it is
well called, ' Tacta quòd exurat digitos urtica te

Tiehtis.' And a stinging sea substance between the
animal and the shrub.
Ui-ub, buffalo. Olpos, Anth. P. 6. 322.
Urvum, Urburo, crooked, bent : and the curvature
of a plough. Oípot, a boundary; whence urivum,
urvum, anything bounded or curved. See on Orbia.
Uspiam, in any place. Ullispiam, as Quispiam,
Trri íy. (8) Us for fats.
Usquam, in or to any place. Ullisquam as Quis-
quam. (a) "Ewj Kf &v : or nav acc. of kòs, any, as
in Alias, &c.
Usque, up to, écus ice or kti: Quite up to, all the
way, continually.
Usta, burnt ceruse. Uro, uitum.
Ustûlo, singe. Uitum, as Postulo.
Usûra, the use ; interest paid for use of money.
Usum, as Natura.
Usurpo, I use much, practise ; use under any
name, call. Usura, usuripo, as /j.é\nas, 6á\irai.
But rather for usuricapo, as Nuncupo : for usurpo
is also to make my own by use ; claim, usurp.
Usus, use, custom, &c. Utor.
Ut, Uti, that, Sri, St', and when, Sre, St'. Many
senses point to £tc, in what way, at what time, to
what end ; i. e. how or as, when, in order that or so
that.
Utcunque, how or whensoever. See Quicunque.
Utensïlia, utensils. Utor, utens, utensilis.
Uter, a bag of skin or leather blown up as a
bladder. From ollìos, M. oìtiop, a swelling. As
pUnio, spaTium ; and û, as ï in tïmor. Indeed both
oVSvov and vSvov are a fungus.
Uter, which of the two, from oSrcpos, the other.
By ellipsis : That is, (the one or) the other : hie an
ille. (a) Others however consider uter or uterus
as contracted from ÒTrórepos, ' uter,' as Uncle from
Avunculus. U, as "On, Uti.
Utërïnus, born of one uterus.
Uterque, each. For utercunque, as Utcunque,
whethersoever of the two, as Terence: Uterque
utrique est cordi. Hence used singly for each. See
Ulrùm.
Uterus, the lower part of the belly, the paunch,
the womb ; shortened from Strrepos, lower, whence
vtnipa, the womb. Thus Gr. Sris, for Sar-is, and
UIs, Ulsterus, Ulterus, Ultra. And the H dropt, as
in "EKkos, Ulcus. (2) From uter. (3) OZSap :
Ridd. (4) "OSepos in Hesychius has been referred
to as the belly.
Uti. See Ut.
Utïlis, fit for use. Utor, as xp4)aiitos.
Utïnam, i.e. velim uti, I wish that. Nam, as
Quianam. See Nam.
Utïque, certainly. Uticunque, utcunque, as Ubi-
que is Ubicunque. In what way soever, in every
way.
Utor, I use. Anciently uto, from iu8a, &$a, perf.
179
VUL
of tSa, whence a verb à8ta>, â. U, as <f>Clpbs, fUris ;
T, as A.a0f'a>, latEo ; aTer ab eìf&s, $Sóp. Or from
soifla, as pUnio à irOIv<. Óito, uto. The anc.
oitier for uti is in Festus. I am accustomed to.
Utpote expresses such a likeness as is pole,
possible to be. < Satis nequam sum utpote qui' &c.
Utrîcúlârius, player on a bagpipe. Uter, utri-
culus.
Utrinque, on both sides. Uterque. I, as in Hinc,
IUinc, and the ancient Im.
Utrùm, whether of the two ; whether. Uter.
Uva, grape. Uvea, to be moist. As full of juice.
Also bees hanging like a cluster of grapes ; and the
glandulous substance hanging from the middle of
the soft palate, as like a grape, (a) Ofoos, untva, uva.
Uveo, to be wet, moist. "Ta> is ' strictly to wet,
water,' Lidd. Hence itu, whence ûítíÍs : vFtu,
uveo, as aVeo, caVeb.
Uvidus, wet. Uveo, as Frigidus.
Vulcânus. Fulgeo, Fulganus, Vulcanus. (a)
Fuligo, Fuliganus, Fulganus.
Vulgo, spread among the vulgus.
Vulgò, commonly. In vulgo.
Vulgus, Volgus. The Cretan ttcUxos, Steph. 7114 :
from F6\xos from F6%\os.
Vulnus, wound. Properly a wound healed, from
oCXij, whence a word FovKivos, vulnus. (a) From
o(Xios, fatal. ' A deadly wounded man,' Ezek. 30. 24.
(3) Haigh from iXoia, to cudgel ; whence FaKoivhs,
valnus, vulnus, as Culmus from Káxafxos.
Vulpes, Volpes, fox. Some for volipes, as Sonipes.
Volo as in Volucer, quick, (a) Or from FaKúirriÇ,
Faié\irn^, volpes, as 'AtVroj, Ventus. Or FahtíirriÇ,
valopes.
Vultuôsus, making the vultus, countenance assume
an affected or sullen appearance.
Vultur, Voltur, vulture. VeUo, volsum and voltum,
vulsum and vultum, as Pello, Pultum, Pulto. From
its plucking and tearing. See Volsella. (3) From
Fo\eTÌ)p, FoKT^ip, the destroyer. (3) From volatum.
From its rapid flight. (4-) From voltus. From its
keen eye.
Vulturius, unlucky chance at dice. Fig. like
Canis.
Vulturnus, E. or S. E. wind. Voss, as blowing
from the Mare Vulturnum, Plin. 35. 26. (a) Volvo,
volutum, voluturnus, as Taciturnus. ' Dositheus
calls it aTpityiov : ' Is. Voss. (3) Ainsw. à vulturis
volatu. As Aquilo by some from Aquila.
Vultus, Voltus, countenance. From volo, volitum,
voltum, as Vultis for Volitis, Voltis. As showing
the wishes of the mind. Plautus : Ut quod frons
velit, oculi sciant. Cicero : Vultus qui sensus animi
plerumque indicant. Homily VIII : By the face or
countenance it commonly appears what will or mind
he bears towards others.
Vulva, matrice, womb. Volvo, volva, as Fundo,
 uxo
Funda. Qua3 involvit fcetum. (2) AtAipbs, JE.
$e\ipvs. A, much as travali, pausA.
Uxor, a wife. Soft for unxor from ungo, unxi -.
from her smearing with fat the posts of her hus
band's house on her first entrance, as we learn from
Pliny was the case. Donatus says in addition:
' Vel quòd lotos maritos ungebant,' quoting Ennius :
Tarquinium fœmina lavit et utucit. (2) From
ivvàup, fwûp, transp. unxor. (3) As quonlam for
ADDENDA.
jïolus. KtiKot, various. We say, He is as
changeable as a weathercock.
Agnus. ' With the two LAMBS : they shall be
HOLY to the Lord : ' Levit. 23. 20.
Ala. Add : Hence the flank of an army ; and the
cavalry, as flanking the infantry.
Aliênus, belonging to another person or country.
Alius, as Terrenus.
Annales, annals, records of each year. Annus, as
Diâlis.
Areo. 'Aeoi, whence &e<ra, existed in the sense
to sleep : ' but, as we find Stj/u ' to blow,' from
, and Ufa and oiiai, ' to dry,' both from tue, àéw
could have meant also 'to dry,' whence aReo, as
fíovaiiav, musaltum ; vvbs, nuRus ; cSw, uRo. Simi
lar to this was caVeo from xaf£"> paVio from wata.
(2) From aër, aëris, for aëreo. To be exposed to
the air, to air or dry. (3) Scheid from iepà i. e.
ifpéa, fut. of àeípa, to suspend in the air, to dry. ?
Aufero. So ' vâTAa Joseph. Antiq. for vdBAa,
1 Reg. 10. 5 : ' Maitt.
Aurum. See avpo<pvAa£ in Valpy's Steph. The-
saur. 2257. L 5.
Caseus. CoaSSeus. See coSSim. As to the
sense, compare Coagulate.
Compendium. Penso also is to abridge.
Egeo. Or &exc<u became ixt<B> whence egeo, as
well as ^xV> needy, mentioned under egeo.
Elucus. Perhaps eluo, eluicus, as Medeor, Medi-
cus. See on Heluo. Or even heluo, heluicus.
Eugepae. Riddle for enge papœ. Or eSye, well
done, ircu, my son. See on Eíîos in the Lexicons.
Fâveo. Put *tioj before " Donldn."
Fraceo. R : See on gRamise.
180
quonJam, iunxor from jungo,junxi, whence Conjux.
I omitted, as 'loriSé-ri, ktíSc'ij ; "IÇevos, %évos ; and
as E in *EK€tvos, Kttvos ; 'Em-dofiat, KrÁoficu ;
'Eptrpbs, 'peTftbs, remus. Or as pronounced yunxor.
X, Z.
All words beginning with these letters are
Greek.
Frax. ' Parched corn :' Levit. 23. 14.
Hariolus. After *épPu, add: So French Hors
from Foris.
Ilirnea. I : See on Irpex.
Indâgo. As Virago.
Indulgeo. For (1) and (2) compare D in Per-
Dagatus.
Lex. Add lëgi after " Riddle from lego."
Met. Or Ego med is for Ego me <2nw-fidius.
Obturo. Compare Retv.ro.
Pararius. Or one who provides or procures
money for another.
Pius, in (2). Od. (. 121 : o-<p\ yios 1<tt\ 0EOT-
AH2.
Posco. 'twifiuaas is in Herodotus. Compare
fipów, fiptèffKO).
Prœstigise. R omitted, as in Flagito, &c.
Roma, the city. 'Pâfia, strength. Much as in
Isaiah 60. 18.
Saeculum. Secaculum in (2) could produce sra-
culum, saeculum.
Scrobs. Or from iirypiipa, M. toypótpa, 'aypíipa.
See Scalpo. Psa. 7. 16 : He hath GRAVEN and
digged up a PIT.
Sol. Either o6\os, or the Ciceronian solus, could
produce sols, solis, and for softness sol, solis.
Tundo. Tudes, Tudito are without the N.
Vïcînus. From the old Greek word tw, to go,
may have flowed fut. iaa, eÌKa, fixw, to go away,
retire ; otxa perf. midd., whence oT/cos, whither
laborers retire after the toils of the day; hence
through the digammated Foucos Vicus, and Vici-
nus, and Vicinitas, Vicinity.
 THE FORMATION
OF
THE LATIN CASES, TENSES, MOODS, PERSONS, AND OTHER
TERMINATIONS, FROM THE GREEK.
" It would seem that the Latin Terminations were all borrowed from the most ancient Greek Dialect, the
Doric andiEolic."—Professor Dunbar.
FIRST DECLENSION.
Musa. MoDo~a.
Musœ. Moío-ao, musai, as Pictaï in Virgil : the O
into I, as ScvpO, Seupl ; toStO, toutI. Then musae',
musœ, as plural novirAl, musJE, and AI«ias, /Eneas.
(S) If, like (pifioio, we could suppose iwíaaio a
corruption of fiovaao, ftoiaat would immediately
produce musAI and musjE.—The genitive in pater-
familiAS, like ó^iXÍAX
Musis. Movoy, j£o\. fioóira, i. e. uoitrat, (as ofroi
in the Second Declension), and musœ as gen. sing,
and nom. plur.
Musam. Mov<rav. M, as tJ)M tt6\iv, Maittaire
p. 381, and as S6\oN, doluM.
Musi. The Doric dative novaa-—Or from the
gen. as 'Eppâ, Id. p. 174. The Greek genitive much
answering in construction to the Latin ablative.
Plural. Musœ. MoOo-ai, as dat. sing.
Musarum. Movaduv, musa Han, as eta, uRo;
yvbi, nuRus : and diRimo. M, as in musaM. U, as
e>ílp, fUr.
Musis. Mouo-pi, fíovirliïs.
Musas. Moútra?.
SECOND DECLENSION.
Dolus. Ai\os, dolos. So ace. dolUM. And neut.
/xôXON, malOM, malUM.
Doli. AÒA.010, 8oW. I, as nom. and dat. plur.
Dolo. Ai\a>.
Dolum. AoXov, dolom. M, as musaM : and
ynpaibM jSiorâs Maitt. 381. So iKaTÓMfìr), &c.
Vole. Aó\e.
Plural. Doli. A6\ot. See gen. sing.—And neut.
juâAfx, màla.
Dolorum. Ai\ui> ; whence So\á<ey, as in ' yeXiiav,
yvúu<rt, ii$<ía<ra, àkiíw : ' Maitt. We have (áuv,
àÇwtw, cti^úaiv, fftíuv, iúttìv, in actual use. Then
So\dav, dolORUM, as ixov&áuv, musARUM.
Doits. AóAoiç, as nom. plur.
Dolos. .Eol. SÓKas.
THIRD DECLENSION.
Nominative : ending in numerous letters like the
Greek.
Mentis, gen. As Drjpos : the 0 being changed to
I, as "O/ijSpos, Imbris ; Olle, Ille.
Mensi. HíKfi.
Mensem. Eépfijc, as well as Eí'pl"- M, as
musaM, doluM.
Meuse, ©rçpï, as àrrl, antE. Vesperi, as TliKei.
Plural. Menses. Bao-iXijy, nominat. Matthias,
§82.
Mensàim. TloXtay : And Honorum. Qdpwv. Civ
into um, as in Musarum.
Mensibus. Much as \éyo^EN was pronounced
Aeyo/iES by the jEolians, and legtmUS by the
Latins, so <rrpaTÓ(piy could be pronounced arparò^pis
and (like a/rfw, amBo) slratibus. We find this also
in the Third Declension, as Koru\T)Soy6<pty in Homer,
vnb'v&ipiv in Moschus. Hence the termination ilms.—
Or even oxeff<P'> transposed for softness to Sx«pts,
as SiAyacop to iASyavov, could be oehibus.— But
in the First Declension is the form Kc<pd\v<pi, Mol.
KetpÁ\âipi, Kt<páAá(piv, which (like orparò^iN, arpa-
TÓ<ptë,) could produce JiUABUS. The form î<pi
could produce the ancient Hihus for His. NobiS,
VobiS, are still nearer. This S indeed could be
added to <pi, as it is added in regitiS.
Another method is : 'Ofeo-o-i, òFIFeo-o', o ViBus.
A Third: "AA<r«ri, transp. SA/reìr, alsiBus. B, as
7rtâ\ biBo.
Menses, nxoroi^j accus. Matth. 82.— The accu
sative plural terminations of Finis, &c. in Sallust
and others, viz. eis and is, are like 'limit.
 182 GREEK FORMATION OF
FOURTH DECLENSION, like 'Ix^ùs, it. able, pulcherRimus.' As is the case in Ò5TS, oSSa ;
Gradua, gen. for graduis, as Mensis, ixBvos. velere, veLRe, veLLe j nokv^Wns, PoLDûcis, PoL-
Gradu, abl. for gradue, as Mense, ixSiï. Lûcis.
Gradua, plnr. for gradues, as lx9ies. As to the old U before the final syllable, as
Veru, as Távv. beatissUmus, see on Libens, Lubens. But rather, at
riFTH DECLENSION. the first, beatUssImus, to soften the sound, was
transposed into beatissUmus.
Set, gen. like Doli.
Ret, dat. like Mensi. So Domus is of two Declen
sions. VERB ACTIVE.
Re, abl. for Ree, as Mense. Amo, Deleo, Lego, Audio, 'A/t£>, AnXtu, Aiya,
Rerum, as Musarum, Honorum. Arjïâ.
Amas, àfiâs.—Deles, tÍStjî.— Audts, <pt\eîs. —
ADJECTIVES. Legìs, &uf\yft Matth. 194, as 'E>>, In. Or like
The Positives are Hie Substantives. Poáïs Maitt. 222.
Amat, lawr', i. e. ïaari, Maitt. 333. So <parì,
COMPARATIVES. evp^xari 395.—Delet, TÍBnT, tÍ^ti Matth. 207.—
From wkIuv is oeior. R, as in jiv^pSiii, mnemOR, And the Boeotian cJ>ÍAei/ui, 237, would make tíôíiti,
memOR. So caNimen, caNmen, caRmen. So tÍOeit', nearly answering to Legit, Audit.
ye\iïN, yexáïP, whence yehápt, ainâre. So *AxaP Afyopes, 4pi<r$ofies, &c. were quite common
for'AxoN in the LXX. in Jos. 7. 1. Hence tristior, among the Dorians, &c. Hence legimus.—And as
durior, &c. <pvváovrts is (pvffâvTes Matth. 201, and as imravres,
And as yeAáîN fell Police into yekai'S, and TTfivâvri, 196, and as irpSros for wpÛTos, there could
AeyojueN into \4youe2, so &KioviéXÍ into &kios or ocius. be tpvtrûfifs, Amamus. biXcipu above would make
SUPERLATIVES. (pl\cip.cs, audimus.—And <pipvfu< Matth. 195, might
make <ptpnp.es, delêmus, which at any rate could
There is a similar termination, to that of most follow the E of delEs, delEt.
Superlatives, in the words Centesimus, Millesimus, Legitis. ' The Cretans and Megarians added 2,
Vicesimus, &c, which seem formed from Centies, as oíxaSes, olxaSis, and íyts for &ye ; so legitis from
Millies, Vicies, and put for Centiesimus, &c, as KéycTt, Xeyeres:' Maitt. 246, 247, 409. So Mat
Pariens became Parens ; the termination being taken thias, 195, mentions oîa-êas for oMa. And we find
from adjectives expressing power or capacity, as reoCS Doric, and 4p.ovS Bceotic.—Then Amatis, Sic,
OTtktnaos, fiubrifios, udx'uos, Sixiuos, Sas., and Latin from Amamus, &c.
Alimus, Almas, &c.—Or it is very possible that Amant, ireivâmt, treivavr , Matth. 195 ; tpávri 207.
Decern, Decëmus, Decimus, and Septem, Septëmus, —Bêlent, ríBevri 207.—Legunt, \éyoyr i. e. Aéyom
Septimus led the way to the termination of Centiesi 194.—Audiunt, cpiXtvyri Maitt. 224. Or as legunt.
mus from Centies.—Otherwise, Millesimus, Centesi
mus, &c, may have flowed from Mille, Centum, &c, Amábam seems to he put for amans ibam, and
after òy^fftpMs, vavm)yíiffip.os, oÌK'fìirifios, &c. amabo for amans ibo. Amaibam, Amaibo; Amabam,
These ordinals stand connected with the idea of Amabo, as from Seo-cors, Seo-curus, we have Secors,
extent of number. Hence it seems likely that simus Securus. Thus, ' I was going a hunting at the time,'
became added as expressive of a superlative extent is much the same as, ' I was hunting at the time.'
to positive adjectives, as Longus, Longissimus ; Opu- So 1)ia \itpsv, I was going to say : tpxvfuu ipiwr, &c.
lentus, Opulentissimus, &c. And Dr. Donaldson cites pa xéywv, Varr. 255. So
I believe this account is much more worthy of below Hfiav iyovres. In the same manner, delens
acceptance than one made by Dunbar from the ibam, legens ibam, audiens ibam, would fall into delei-
Gothic. He endeavours to show that hum was an bam or delebam, legebam, audiebam. So Plautus
abbreviated past participle from a verb signifying to uses audibo, aperibo, &c.—But we reason in a circle
elevate. ' Adopted by the Latins,' he says, ' they if we do not account for ibam and ibo. Hence then,
changed A into s, and hence sum : and they subjoined as from m& is biBo, and from jSiû is viVo, so an old
the terminations us, a, um, to mark the genders.' imperfect Inv, jEolic lay, or the plup. eftjy, jEolic
What the Professor adds, is quite applicable and tW, could be iBam, (AM, as in musAM,) and tin
indeed necessary to my own theory: 'We obtain subj., I must or shall go, could be iBo. Shall, as in
the superlative of most Latin words by a slight II. 1. 262, Ou yáp irw roíovs ÏSov hvtpas oitSè
change of U into I. Thus beatUs, beatlssumus, &c.' "IAslMAI, SHALL I see, 'videbo,' Clarke.
And again : ' Of Pulcher the superlative would be (2) Another account is this : Homer uses 0ij Sc
pulcherSimus, and, to make the sound more agree 0cW, he started to run ; $t\v 5' Uvai, they set out to
 THE LATIN TENSES. 183
go. This is much the same as, lie was running, And the establishment of I for the Perfect would
They were going. So : TV îè vtov K\ialri0cv <Bai> from 'p^í* produce rexl, from 'xépaa mersl, &c.—
KfipvKts íyorrts. But tfS-qy or firjv may be Mo\. Indeed the use of tch/tI for toOtA, if applicable
/3£c, the first person : and Oypâv $ây, I set out to here, would independently give these Perfects.
hunt, or I was hunting, could be theràbam. Again :
ï.n the Hecuba is »S $â ; which way should I go, or Amavisti.
shall I go ? Hence 0-qpàv j3û, I must or shall go a As we find irapa!, &puu Maitt. 327, and koto! in
hunting, is theràbo. KOToi/3aTal, so ((pnaBa, j)5r)irfla, &c. could become
(3) Again : as fay, brim, tyifti, Kpfyivov, &c, were &J»j<r0ai, rjS-naBai, &c, and hence esthi, esti. So
used, iaTtfli might be iaririiv, &. iatéav, estaBam, veSTIs. Indeed fjs.la9a, used as an Aorist,
as biBo. And as errais, arim were used, we may is found, Matth. 214; which would account more
suppose <rH)a>, M. aria, itaBo. From i<ni\av and fully for -Isti. The final AI into I, as 'AxAIol,
o-Hjcu would be moniBam and monëBo. Achlvi.—The Imperative termination in ïaBi, iaraBi,
(4) Again : Xa.\&ow, xaAaó>, chalaBo, as biBo. &c. seems scarcely applicable here.
(5) Again: Eram and Ero being formed, amabO (2) The A of &pij<r0a into I, as toDtA, toutI.
could flow analogically from amabAM.
(8) Some again deduce amabo from amare volo, Amaverunt
amare Poi\oficu, or amare habeo. From the Middle form, such as (bjeûn-o in Mos-
As to Legam. Some deduce it from legere amo, chus : Bjifvm', theRunt, as uovadav, musaRum ;
as the modern Greek is Btypdtyu or 8é\a> ypdtyw : vvbs, nuRus ; &c. So plup. ifefìoéKewTo, a Middle
and as our WILL write, (2) Or from legere earn, verb : say 4$ePov\iiûvTO.
I must go to read. (3) Or from the Boeotian Amaverunt was shortened to amaveru', much as
yïKaifí See on Amem. Confectus by Ennius to Confectu'. Then amavere,
Leges, from irpd^tis, as x°^PVv Ior Xa0>f"'> 1f*W as (Kfpbs, socErus; perjUro, pejEro. So perhaps
for tpireiy Maitt. 230. 231, KÍjvos for kûvos, and Lëgeris, Legerî', Legere.
ayrprai for àyéìrcu 407. So th is es.
Amaveram, Sfc.
Amavi, Sfc. Key says, ' Amaveram, amavero, amavissem, ama-
Dr. Donaldson says : ' Potui is for potis fui, pot- visse, evidently contain the forms [amavi] eram,
fui : so monui, and amavi or amaui, and audivi or ero, essem, esse.' Donaldson says they are for
audiui, are mon-fui or monere-fui, amare-fui, au- amare-fueram, amare-fuero, &c. But fueram and
dire-fui.' To this Professor Key rejoins, that it is fuero, &c. would have as equally .to be accounted
reasoning in a circle ; for that fui itself was fuvi. for as amaveram, &c.
Butfuvi (though not wanted here) was fui digam- (2) "ESeifa tw, or 'Seîfa &v, dixaRan, as musa
mated, like pluVia, fluVius, diluVies. 'E.<pw, says Rum ; then dixeraM, as «o/iApoN, camEraM.
Maittaire, was Ionicè <pvv, whence Fui. We have
other instances of this change in IvSoN, (viol ; oieN, Amavero. See above.—Maittaire endeavoured to
aUl. And so N fell into A in iiv, iia ; tardxtiv, form it thus : ' So for au, as legero, amavero' That
èardicfta; irA.Tjflùi', irXr)6va.—But amans fui would is, from yoptiau was nomiro, nomero. But ?
be better idiom than amare fui. Thus we find Amasso is used by Plautus, i. e. amans-ero, or
TeTX7)dTíî tìfihf, Hom. TtBvuitcoWes eltr, Thucyd. amans-fuero ; softened to amassera, whence amasso,
••Quos videas esse bibentes,' Plaut. 'Est loquens as Faxero, Faxo.
Socrates,' Cic. So in the Passive, amalus fui, &c.
Besides, amare fui is rather the future than the IMPERATIVE.
perfect. Amansfui, or amansfvi, amafvi would fall Ama, &uâ.—Dele, TrinTpn, torn, Çíj Matth. 205.—
into amavvi, amâvi. Lege, \éye.—Audi, <pi\ei.
(2) Another mode of accounting for the I is from Amato, àp-dru.—Delëto, avorta.—Legíto, \eyéru,
5ei{ci' (ft?), taken in the sense of a past custom, i. e. as SyEjUos, animus.—Audito, <pi\eíra.—Why these
dixi: the form eia being adopted by the .Kolians were used for the Second person as well as the
even in the First Person, Matth. 193. Dixi, says Third seems not easy to determine. Ama tu, dele
Donaldson, corresponds rather to îeí£cia than to tu, &c. seem inapplicable.
Amate, &c, àfíÛTc, &c.
(3) Or the pluperf. iardxtia, iardittì. Amaiôte. As Ama, Amate ; so Amato, Amatote.
If any other than the first of these accounts was Amanto, airoareiXdvTu Matth. 193.—Legunto,
true, the final I, being thereby obtained, would from napaSoyru Maitt. 227.—Delento follows as in De-
amao produce amai, ami Vi ; deleo, dele Vi ; moneo, leto. Or as Béyru. ïlapaBéyruy occurs Aristoph.
moneVi, monVi, monl/i. Nub. 455.
184 GREEK FORMATION OF
SUBJUNCTIVE. Supines (see Supina) are substantives of the 4th
Amem. ' For amaim, as Duim, Edim,' says Do Declension. Thus we find Positus, us, Situs, us, as
naldson. This then from ifidoi/i, à/aloi/u. Donald well as Positus, a, um, Situs, a, um. See therefore
son compares it also with Sttiotriv in Varr. 253. Amatus.
(2) Amans-sim, amaim. Amans, amantis, as ìittÁvtos, tpvtrâvTes Matth.
(3) Matthias, 195, observes that Theocritus, 6. 28, 201.—Delentis, as rtBtmos, Troitvros Maitt. 237.—
uses <?flc\7)Ti for the Subjunctive, which therefore Euntis from Eo, as (piXewros or \iyomos.
(as well as the Indicative) seems to have had a first Amaturus, from amâtum supine. Like Matûrus,
person i9é\i\iu, i64\nn% which would account for and much as -ôrus in Sonorus, Canorus.
amem.
Tleivâvri was used for irtivdoyri, ôhtSjtíí for PASSIVE.
btrrdovres, x^Sffi for xaAtfotMft, as above : hence Pres. 1 pers. Aeyo/mi was pronounced \4yo/idP,
Tifi&oiiii (for there is often much relation between shortened to \4yop, legor, as Modus became Mos,
the Optative and the Subjunctive : Donaldson, New TVTrréfiej/, rbirrey. Hence amor, &c.
C. Art. 396, &c.) could be changed to rifiâ/u, 2 pers. As fmvadasv, musaRum, so à/idt<rai could
Ti/tSju, whence regam. Indeed i0c\r)ni above, assume the form amaResœ, and for shortness (as
jEolic ífle'xô/u, could produce regam. Eustathius %\Alov, oLEum ; KAurAI/ii^oTpa, ClytEmnestra,)
(Maitt. 237.) mentions the Boeotian ytXaini even in amarèsê, or amartsê, as Aí'yETt, leglte. Hence
the Present Indicative. This would agree in the both amaris and amare.
Present Optative with Ttyatpi.—However, we find (2) 'A/idtaai, àfidta', as <u is elided by Homer,
the Subjunctive pâp*s, Theocr. 15. 22, which agrees and as rvirréfievai became rinrrf^ev : hence ama-
with legamus; and iVScti (Donaldson, 389,) with Rës, amaRts.
legant. Again : 'Apdn, amaRê, for shortness amare, as
Amârem. Infernë, Supernë, Vale, &c.
'Xarainv, lardnv, histaRem, as iiovadav, musaRum. Or amaris, amqrï', as Confectu' in Ennius ; then
—And TifletV, <pt\tÍT)v, Maitt. 237, make audiRem. amare. See Amaverunt, Amavere.
—Legerem from TiBfiriv shortened to riMipr.—And Monèris, Legèris, Audîris would follow the cha
delerem, from Sn\oli)v, delŒrem, much as kAutAI- racteristic difference of their vowels, Monêrem,
líviiarpa, ClytEmnestra: or even from rtBetriv as Legerem, Audïrem.
'Apeiov was written 'Ap4\ov (Maitt. 16G), and the 3 pers. AÉ7ÍTÍU, pronounced XtyeToP, legituR.
Laconians pronounced rr/enai by byrjrai (407).— U, as BpiAnfios, triUmphus.—So à/iâral became
Indeed monErem might take its characteristic vowel amatuR; &c.
on the formation of amArem, &c. Plural. Aeyí/íeda, pronounced \eyófieBàP, short
Amaverim. Amavissem. ened to Xiyo/mp, whence legimur, as réppOvos, ter»
Dunbar: 'When to amavi is subjoined esim, it minus.
becomes amavesim, amaverim. Amavi-essem is Atyónevoi iffrè would be (like ripnOvos, termi
amavissem.' See on Amavi. nus) legimini estis, which fell by use into legimini
But erim (obs.) might have flowed from tïi)v, as only, as the other persons were not so used. So
nuRus, diRimo : M, as musaM, &c. Then amavi- also in the Imperative. Nor is the small consequent
erim, amaverim. confusion of Moods of much importance, as we find
two uses of Regere, of Regam, of Tvirrri, of Tínrrta,
infinitive, &c. and even three of Tityai.—As (pvaAvros for tpvadov-
Amare. tos, afidfiivoi could be used for àfiaófiçvoi : hence
' The jEolic infinitive was yeXais,' says Matthias, amamini. Delemini and audimini would take their
1*96. But Maittaire, 231, has it ye\íïs, and PodXs, characteristic vowels. 'Hyrnicfoi, •reriitimi might
222. This, like ti2, tiP ; iróîs, iróïp, Puer ; arboS, assist. Indeed amaimini, deleimini, audiimini would
arboR, &c. could fall into ye\dïp, transposed yeXdpi, easily follow from legimini.
gelare. E as antl, antE.—So SpcureUiv, SpaireTev, Aiyonral, pronounced \4yovrdP, legontur, legun-
(as \4yeiv, Keytv,) would through tpaaeifp by trans tur. See Legitur.—Amantur, &c. would follow.
position produce -Ire. Legêbar. As Lego became Legor, Legebam would
Delere and Legere would easily follow from
Amare, Audire, compared with Delerem and Lege become Legebar. So Legam, Legar ; Amabam,
rem. Amabar ; Amabo, Amabor, &c.
Amaturum esse. See Amaturus. IMPERATIVE.
Amavisse. See Amaveram.
Amandi, o, um. See on Amandus. As amas lost the S in the imperative active ama,
Amatum, supine; and Amâtu in the Passive. amaris seems to have correspondently lost the S in
 THE LATIN TENSES. 185
the imperative passive, and have become amart', (a) Some derive legendus, a, um, from legendum,
then amârë as 'EAAáîï became Helladu. So monêre, and this from \éyeiv iiov.
legêre, audire. (3) And again legendus from legem, legentis : the
(a) The Fut. Indie, sometimes stands for the application being clear in Gerunds, which are
Imperative: (Matth. § 511. 5.) Hence amabere usually supposed to be cases of Amandus, flee, but
could become amâre, monebere monêre, audiêre are employed actively, as Regendi, Amandi, &c.
audire. But legêre in this way ought to be legère ; ' The difference between active and passive,' says
unless by a capricious change, as stetêrunt, cavê, Donaldson, ' becomes evanescent in the infinitive use.
dâbam, &c. went into stetêrunt, cave, dabam, &c. He is a man to love = He is a man to be loved.
(3) Moneare and audiare might become monêre, I give you this to eat = I give you this to be eaten.'
audire. But what of amêre, legère ? For the im Thus also Facundus may be formed from <£i£<r-
perfect amarere, legerere. ? kovtos ; and so Iracundus, like riftiaKovros. Vere-
Legitor, &c. From legito, as Lego, Legor. So cundus would take its own letter E : and Rubecundus
legunto, leguntor. could fall into Rubicundus. Donaldson compares
Legimini. Aeyífitvoi iari. See the pres. indie. Irascentis and Ira{s)cundus.
2nd pers. plur. Amabundus, from amâbor, after the model of
And Legiminor is \ty6fifvoi, pronounced \cyi- legendus, repetundoe, suggrundium, &c.
p-tvoP. See LegituR, LeguntuR.—Donaldson says : Finally, amabilis, flebilis, &c. from the futures
' Cato omitted the S of the imperative, as in Prae- amâbo, flêbo, &c, and corresponding with Facilis,
famino for Prafaminus, used for Praefato : Janum Agilis, Sterihs, Fertilis, Altilis.
vino prcefamino.' This is prcefamino', prœfaminos,
i. e. Sis, Gr. tao. So Confectu' in Ennius for Con-
fectus. Some other Terminations are here subjoined.
Amer, Delear, Sec from Amem, Deleam, &c, as ifOthers will be found in the body of the Work ; and,
any still remain, I leave them to the skill of the
Amo, Amor ; Amabam, Amabar ; &c. So Amarem, Reader.
Amarer.
Discipulus, as i/itp'nro\os : i. e. versatus in dis-
INFINITIVE. cendo. So
As TÓjrrf<rai was shortened to rirrei, x£yi(r0ai or Thuribulum, Fabula, &e. B, as Ui^os, Buxus.
Xéyeatrcu (as ò2Tâ, oSSa,) could be shortened to Bonitas. Mol. tfKhripÓTas. As r4pp.Oyos, ter
\éyct, whence legi. minus.
(St) As ?iv fell into -fia, \4yav might fall into Tetricus. QovtKbs, fmvtKÓs.
Xéyeia, \éyti. And in some cases the Infinitives of Cadims. BóaFos. Or as 'AxaiFbs, AchiVus.
the Active and the Passive are identical : as, It is Piceus. &\6yeos.
hard to do, or, It is hard to be done. See below on Caducus. Evvovxos, Kepovxos.
Amandus. Patrônus. Tíwvbs, olai/ós.
(3) But, as there is a form dicier, amarier, the Parvulus. MmkíAos. So Gerulus, &c. Or this
above \ty€{raai might be shortened to \cyeai, and as cr<paKe\os, cìlcé\os, &C.
this pronounced KéycàP, as \éyeral, legituR. Hence Canorus. As Decor, Decôris, then Decôrus. Or
legier, dicier. Thus also amo, amare would become even as Tipupis.
amarier. ASquàlis. Mo\. (riumâhòs.
Amatum iri. ' Iri is the pass, infin. of Eo ; and Honestus. Hunos, Honostus. E as vOster, vEster.
amatum is the supine. Amatum iri is literally, To And as Modus, Modestus, ModestTnus, so clanculùm
be gone to love : ' Valpy's Lat. Gr. p. 47. seems to have produced clanculestinus and clanles-
Amâtu, supine. See Amatum active. ttnus, and for euphony (as caRuceus into caDuceus)
Amâtus, Deìêtus, &c. Like irpooTropirôTÌis, àircí- clandesttnus.
páros, iroinrbs, rtyKTÒs tinctus, Ìktòs actus, Seucrbs ASditimus. ASdis intimus.
dictus, XtKTÒs lectus, &c. Audïtus, as iroAúrïTos. Amicus. As KtpajjLctKbst SapciKÓs. Or euc&s, like,
Amandus. 'Y.x8pa.vríos, evippavréos, &c. would pro as we say God-like. Thus also
duce -anteus, -andeus, as menTior, meuTax, menDax : Antiguus for Anticus, as linQUo, just as
hence -andus.— Indeed -tÌ>s has often the sense Longinquus for Longicus, as Teter, Tetricus ; and
of -Te'os ; thus we find ' bpàrbs, lucov<rrbs, which can LongiNquus, as ciNcinnus.
be seen or heard; kttjtÌis, àvrrrbs, which can be Cubïle. Cubabile.
acquired, sold: ir\urbs, navigable:' Matth. 215: Bovinus. 'Opeivós. So Ruina, òpcivá.
and we meet with TipiQarros, M<pavros, evippavrbs, Pugnaœ. "ApiraÇ.
evtpparroToibt, &c- Hence more directly could be Domìnus, Domina, Nundinum, Regnum. Srt-
-andus. yavbs, à, bi>, mtyv&v. I, as uaxhvì., machina.
2A
186 GREEK FORMATION OF THE LATIN TERMINATIONS.
Regimen, Tegmen. Aeyi/icvop, &c. And so quà lumbus agitur. Hence is Tussis, Tussilus,
Monimentum, Documentum. Turn subjoined from Tussilago.
Argentum from 'Apyr/m-os ; Macilentum ; or np6- Apexàbo. AiSvfiàFuy, ondFuv, as 7tíéS, biBo. Or
(fouTON, &c. as the-Hebrew-Greek word arrhabo.
Femina. Ac^o/iéi/a. Vaticinor, from cano. Hence in cases not well
Agilis, Fertilis. As ÍtttìKos, the eye, i. e. able to applying, sermocinor, ratiocinor. As Corn-chandler
see with. Or SiSdVicaAos, able to teach : I, as after Tallow-chandler. So
machina. IS, as i/ijSpOS, imbrlS. Or like p.<u- Anicula seems formed after amiculum from
vó\ris. amicio. MiKiiA.0 may however be mentioned.
Nubilus, as SirriAos above, rpix&ot, See. Homunculus seems similarly to be put for homini-
Octâvus. 'Apxaìos, àpx^Fos, as AchiVi. Hence culus. And avunculus to follow homunculus.
Cadaver, Papâver. Annòsus. As yt'or, peoffais. Or rather like
Merâcus. JE. iríflâKOí. Or <péva£, âxos. Labos, Labôsus.
Cervix, Ferox, &c. MdíTTiÇ, Siapf/ii^. Mutuus. Muto, mufivus, mutiuus, mutuus. Or
Scriptor. TlpÍKTwp. And from Senatôris is mutivus, mutvus, mutuus. If, as fi€\iróen becomes
Senatùìnus, as SpaíTrTiptos. p.fKirovs, fiorpvóeis could make Porpvovs, this might
Creperus, Patera, as Qofrepbs, 'EoTre'pa. be applicable.
Sanctimonia. 'ASri/iovía. Hence Matrimonium, Pedester. As ipitrrepbs, or (through Pedes) as
&c. obs. SeÇiTfpbs, whence dfÇnepd.
Alumnus. Tv-rrrifievos or SetKvv/íevos. Avârus. 'Aviâpós.
Portùnus. AtiKvvp.fvos. Lupâtus, Avitus. TlpoíriropirâTbs, ttoKvtítos.
Tantillus. Tantus, tantulus, tantululus.
Terminus, Facinus. Tépfiuv,. ovos. See also ADVERBS.
Dominus above. Mordicus. As fiavticws.
Pedes, itis. 'IuttóVtjs, or eìSoVoî, or eo, itum, as Belle. As f)<rvxj). (Viger, 3. § 1. fin.)
Adïtus. Gr. áSírrjs. Gratis. Gratiis, or as Móyis, M<ÍAis.
Candelabrum, ^.nevotpòpov, contr. typov. And so Intrinsecùs. ' Intra and secùs, juxta, prope,'
—ber, —bra, or as i\cuppbs, à, ùv. B, as &p$a>, says Forcellini. Rather from insequor, insecùs. So
amBo. Hence also, or more immediately from Extrinsecus, which Riddle derives from ' extrim
GKçvotyópiov, are Manubrium, Ludibrium. adv. like exter : ' as Utrinque, Olim, &c. Then
Ludicer, Volucer, Ludicra, Sepulcrum. Ufvixpbs, also intrim, intrinsecùs.
à, bv, and ipuxpbs, à, 6v. Aliter, Flebiliter, Singulariser. Our Otherwise is
Luêla. @vri\í. Other-ways ; and we say, I will try another way :
Terrenus, Aliinus (from Alius), as ti9i)v6s. Ha- It happened in a singular way. So in Greek to
bêna, as airfirn, TiB^prn. /3w, i. e. iróì ó5tp ; and pMKpày, i. e. ÓSóv. So ' per
Cantilena, diminutive of Cantus; ■ and hia, as alid or aliud iter,' and ' perflebile or singulare iter '
Habêna. MnvKiivn resembles it. is aliter, flebiliter, singulariser. (2) From the
Hodiemus. NvKTçpivós. neuter àW&rtpa, iaértpa, apto-repà, used adverbially.
Taciturnus. Taceo, taciturn, taciturus, lacitu- Sensim, Gradatim. From the fem. sing. iroAAV,
rinus. Or as n68opvos. ttoAA^M ; fieydXTjv, jue-yaA^M ; &c. (2) VLdxif*&
Stercorâceus. Slercus, oris, Stercorax, âcis ; used for p.axlfu*s Msch. Suppl. 792. (Steph. 5971.)
then as àpyvpéos. That is, from /idxip-'. So xtyh<T'lM *Xetv is XPrlIT^llas
Sterquilinum, -linium. Diminutive of Slercus, %Xtiv- (3) From Ollim, Itn.
with -Inum as hptiviv. Introrsùs. Introversùs.
Macilentus. Maceo, macilis, then macilens, maci- Fundilùs, Cœlitùs. Some might suppose, that,
leniis, as xaflíePTos, ripJievros. Then macilentus. as we find i£irbs and firxpoo-irus, cœlitùs is from
Floridus. From jioreo, floritum, said Bishop (ex) cœlo and the terminating -Wws. But, as
Burgess. À«70MEN fell into legIMUS, a word like J3u<r-
Dulcêdo, 'AKynititív. Libido, XeKiSáy. Testûdo, O-O0EN could fall into bgssITHUS, or byssITUS as
rA\KuS(íy. Aa0e'u> into laTeo. Thus also koi\6S(v would receive
JErúgo. 'OXoKvydv. In a similar termination is the form of cœlitùs.—Like ivroaBe, irépwBi, tvtpBt,
Temigo, Lumbago, somewhat like aiaywv. Pos we could even suppose a word ovpayótìe, and S
sibly ago may enter into Plumbago, Lumbago : added to the end, as spoken of under legitiS.
Tfti ®ED.l AOHA.

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