Review:

1. Mr Abaya got a ₱700,000

loan for the expansion of his
business payable monthly in 4
years. How much is the
monthly amortization if the
interest rate is 12 %
compounded monthly?
2. For the purchase of a farm
worth ₱2,800,000, the bank
requires 30% down payment,
find the mortgaged amount.
PROPOSITIONS
Lesson Objectives:
1. Illustrate a proposition.
2. Symbolize propositions.
3. Distinguish between simple
and compound propositions.
1.Statement: Everyone should
study logic.
2.Statement: All Senior High
School students should have a
love life (girlfriend/boyfriend).
Argument for the statement:
Logic is used in engineering, law,
philosophy, computer science,
mathematics, and many other
disciplines. Logic makes our
electronic gadgets, such as
cellphones. Logic is fun and
interesting. If logic is useful, fun,
and interesting, then everyone
should study it. Therefore,
everyone should study logic.
Argument against the
statement: Senior High School
students are adolescents who
ages 16 to 19 years old. Not all
people who are this young is
mature enough to handle a
relationship with the opposite
sex. Besides, these students
should be dealing with their
studies rather than their love life.
Therefore, not all Senior High
School students should engage in a
mutual and romantic relationship
with their opposite sex.
 Proposition – a
declarative sentence that is
either true or false, but not
both. If a proposition is true,
then its truth value is true
which is denoted by T;
otherwise, its truth value is
false and is denoted by F.
Example: p: Everyone
should study logic.
Example 1: In the following
statements, determine whether
each of these is a proposition or
not. If it is a proposition, give its
truth value.
p: Mindanao is an island in the
Philippines.
q: Find a number which divides
your age.
r: My seatmate will get a
perfect score in the Logic exam.
s: Welcome to the Philippines!
t: 3 + 2 = 5
 √𝑥
u: 𝑓(𝑥) = is a rational
𝑥+1
function.
v: 2𝑥 = 1
w: What is the domain of the
function?
x: I am lying.
p1: It is not the case that √2 is a
rational number.
p2: If you are a Grade 11
student, then you are a Filipino.
p3: Either logic is fun and
interesting, or it is boring.
 Simple Proposition – a
proposition that cannot be
broken down any further into
other component propositions,
also called atomic propositions.
 Compound Proposition – a
proposition formed from
simpler propositions using
logical connectors or some
combination of logical
connectors. Some logical
connectors involving
propositions p and/or q may be
expressed as follows:
not p
p and q
p or q
if p then q
Example 2: For each of the
propositions in Example 1,
determine whether it is a simple
or compound proposition. If it is
a compound proposition,
identify its logical connectors.
Class Activity:
Determine whether the following
statements are propositions. If it
is a proposition, determine its
truth value, and determine
whether it is a simple or
compound proposition.
a: Please close the door.
b: 𝑥 + 2 = 11.
c: 144 is a perfect square.
d: Keep right while passing
through the corridor.
e: 2 ≤ −1.
f: The year 2016 is a leap year.
g: If a triangle has a right angle,
then the triangle is called a
right triangle.
h: Either a student takes a
mathematics elective next
semester, or he takes a
business elective next year.
i: What is 5/10 in its simplest
form?
j: It is not the case that it is
Monday today.
Quiz: In a ½ crosswise,
determine whether each of
the following statement is a
proposition or not. Also,
determine whether it is a
simple or compound
proposition. (2 points each)
1) a: Mabuhay!
2) b: Jose Rizal is our
National Hero.
3) c: Who is the first
president of the Republic?
4) d: Ferdinand Magellan
did not arrive in the
Philippines in 1521.
5) e: If an integer is even,
then its square is also
even.