i

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AND CARABAO’S MILK AS

ALTERNATIVE MOISTURIZER SOAP

A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High School Department
Southwestern University- PHINMA
Cebu City

_______________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 2 (APP 006)

______________________________________

By:

ALVEZ, APRIL P.
ALZA, JEFF LORENZE G.
AMORIN, MASHA B.
BAJAO, MARY LIZ G.
BATO, JAMILLAH K.
BAYANGOS, KEEFE BENETTE C.
BERDON, GAYLE MARGARETTE
BIGNO, ANGELA A.
BOAQUIN, MA. ARLIE B.

October 2019
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APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment if the requirements for the subject PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2 (APP 006), this research paper entitled “THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AND CARABAO’S MILK AS ALTERNATIVE
MOISTURIZER SOAP” prepared and submitted by APRIL P. ALVEZ, JEFF
LORENZE G. ALZA, MARSHA B. AMORIN, MARY LIZ G. BAJAO, JAMILLAH
K. BATO, KEEFE BENETTE C. BAYANGOS, GAYLE MARGARETTE S.
BERDON, ANGELA A. BIGNO, AND MA. ARLIE B. BOAQUIN is hereby
recommended for PROPOSAL HEARING.

MELBIN A. DUCUSIN, LPT

Adviser

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical

Research 2 (APP 006) by the Proposal Hearing Committee.

PATRICK M. SALINAS, MAED MELBIN A. DUCUSIN, LPT

Panel Panel

ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical

Research 2 (APP 006).

PATRICK M. SALINAS, MAED

SHS Principal

Date of Proposal Hearing: August 15, 2019

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………… i

APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………….. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………… iii

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

A. Background of the Study………………………………………. 1

B. Conceptual Framework………………………………………... 5

C. Review of Related Literature and Studies…………………… 7

D. Schematic Diagram……………………………………………. 17

E. The Problem

a. Statement of the Problem……………………………… 18

b. Research Hypotheses…………………………………. 18

c. Significance of the Study…………………………….... 18

d. Scope and Delimitation………………………………… 19

F. Research Methodology

a. Research Design……………………………………….. 20

b. Research Environment………………………………… 20

c. Research Respondents………………………………… 20

d. Research Instruments………………………………….. 21

e. Research Procedure…………………………………… 22

f. Data Gathering Procedure…………………………….. 23

g. Statistical Treatment

G. Definition of Terms……………………………………………… 23
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CHAPTER II PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA…………………….

CHAPTER III SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS &

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary……………………………………………………………..

Findings………………………………………………………………

Conclusion

Recommendations………………………………………………….

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………

RESEARCH DOCUMENTATION…………………………………………

APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….

Questionnaire

CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………...
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the Study

Sixty to seventy percent of Filipino women are affected by dry, sensitive

skin. Having bright, soft and radiant skin is vital in terms of boosting one’s

confidence. Women would naturally feel like flaunting their skin to people when

they love how it looks and feels, but in opposition to it, when women are in a bad

skin day condition, they tend to feel uncomfortable and irritated, making them lose

their confidence. In Asia, more than 50% of women experience sensitivity on their

skin in the past twelve months from the GSK Skin Health Asia Pacific Consumer

Report 2014 (Villa, 2018).

Nowadays, there are a lot of people obsessed with their skin care routine

which prompts them to apply it in their everyday lives because people always

wanted to look good on the outside. It is good to have a skin care routine for

everyone not just for women but also for men due to the fact that having a good-

looking and healthy skin can boost more confidence. People nowadays don't have

much confidence towards themselves because of skin problems like having

pimples, wrinkles, blackheads, unpleasing look of body skin and etc. Some people

tend to lose their confidence simply because of those cases thus, leading them to

spend a lot of money to buy any product that can help them reduce their skin

problems especially to achieve this trendy korean beauties. Because of these, the

researchers want to make a body soap that can help everyone's skins moisturized,
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radiant and to have it more younger looking. With the help of these two ingredients,

Moringa oleifera and carabao’s milk, the researchers can produce soap that is

organic, inexpensive, and applicable to any type of skin.

Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species in the genus

Moringa, the only genus in the plant family Moringaceae. The leaves are the most

nutritious part of the plant, being a significant source of B vitamins, vitamin C,

provitamin A as beta-carotene, vitamin K, manganese, and protein among other

essential nutrients. The natural vitamin C in moringa oil boosts collagen, helping

reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. The vitamin rich and nutrient-dense

moringa oil makes for an excellent active ingredient to skincare products. Moringa

oil has plant hormones called cytokinin that help promote cellular growth and

prevent destruction of skin tissues (Paliwan, et.al., 2015).

Malunggay has the ability to minimize breakout and wrinkles. It’s good news

for those who have problematic skin, because it is filled with vitamin A and it’s one

of the most potent vitamins out there for near perfect skin. When applied topically,

it encourages skin cells to renew themselves at lightning speeds, helping to limit

breakout, blur blemishes and pigmentation, and iron fine lines (Whelan, 2018).

Malunggay has anti-oxidants and vitamins that maintain healthy skin, fight

acne due to its anti-bacterial properties. Also, it has skin health-boosting collagen

which helps in reducing skin pores and improves uneven tone complexion.

Malunggay holds about 30 anti-oxidants that slows down the aging process and

preserve skin (Bhagat, 2019).

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The natural vitamin C in moringa oil boosts collagen, helping reduce fine

lines, wrinkles and sagging skin. Malunggay helps clear minor skin problems such

as blackheads and pimples and minimizes dark spots, and imagine using both the

malunggay and carabao milk as ingredients for soap. It will be a very effective yet

very affordable (Dermstore Editors, 2016).

Soap made from carabaos milk is to make our skin healthier. Carabao’s

milk is touted to be the “most complete food”. Carabaos milk is richer and creamier

compared to cows and goat milk due to its high percentage of milk fat which is a

good source of energy. Carabaos milk contains vitamin B2 needed for normal

growth, the agent against skin swelling, inflammation of the lining of mouth and

tongue and dizziness. It has vitamin A content that is good for cleaning eyesight

while the vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus are valuable for strong teeth and

bines. Therefore, carabaos milk is the best for the skin. It has intense moisturizing

properties that leaves the skin smooth and refreshed (Kala Soap, 2017).

Milk is good for preventing dry skin and removing dead skin cells. One

specific example is carabao’s milk, it contains high content of butterfat that gives

off moisturizing properties on skin. Carabaos milk has anti-oxidants and vitamins

that keep skin nourished and helps sustain glowing skin (Sengupta, 2018).

The soap made from carabao’s milk and malunggay juice is more advisable

to use for it is organic and will help improve skin. When you drink milk, it helps your

skin to become whiter and smoother, how much more if you apply this directly to

your skin. Carabao milk or any milk gives vitamins for good skin including vitamin

A, which solves dry skin. It not only cleanses skin of excess oils and dirt which clog
 4

pores to form acne, but also contains lactic acid, which fights off microbes that are

responsible for it and also, carabao’s milk can help your skin look soft and radiant.

Basing on these facts, malunggay and carabaos milk are the best

ingredients for keeping the skin healthy. Thus, if both were combined, a product

which is beneficial or useful to everyone who wishes to have a healthy skin must

be produced.

The researchers have observed that people have been looking for beauty

products, like soap bars, lotions, oils, and moisturizers that would help them have

better and cleaner looking skin, but would spend thousands of pesos for it while

others would want such products but want an affordable price. The common

products usually use papaya, lemon, cucumber and even carrot. They may be

commonly used but are very costly, that is why the researchers will make a product

that is inexpensive and will make your skin glow, moisturized and radiant looking

skin.
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Conceptual Framework

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as “malunggay”, is popular due to

the assets it brings, specifically in our health. The natural vitamin C in malunggay

oil boosts collagen, helping reduce fine lines wrinkles and sagging skin. It has anti-

oxidants and other vitamins that maintains our skin in a healthy condition.

Moringa oleifera is effective in skin care according to dermatologists.

Moringa oil has been produce recently and it was proven as high moisturizers as

it awakens dull and tired-looking skin (Klemperer, 2019).

Moringa oil is a powerhouse of oleic acid that benefits those who have

dry and sensitive skin. Milk is also known to be good in preventing dry skin and

removing dead skin cells. One specific example is carabaos’ milk. Carabaos’ milk

has a high content of butter fat which gives its exceptional moisturizing properties

that has a smooth and refreshing effect on the skin (Summers, 2019).

Carabao or water buffalo, unlike others, is considered as one of the

reasons of the dynamic progress in the country's landscape. History says that

among all the animals living in a certain period of time brought by the migrants

were dominated by swamp-type water buffalo, which worked for its draft power

usability, and the riverine-type, found in the Indian continent, which are excellent

for meat and milk. In the Philippines, water buffalo is called Carabao, coined from

the Visayan word karabaw, Malay word kerbau, and karbouw from the Indonesian-

Dutch. Long ago, the carabaos' contribution were valued almost five billion pesos.

Although they were greatly affected by the situation due to World War II which

resulted to two million of its population being massacred, the carabaos are indeed
 6

arising and have wide contribution in the country during the present time. Their

asset, which is the carabao's milk, yields from both the imported dairy buffaloes,

and from the crossbreds which are in the hands of farmers (Roque, 2018).

To be able to acquire the health benefits of moringa oleifera and

carabaos milk, the researchers came out with the idea of producing a body soap

using these two as primary ingredients. This is to prove that both are strongly

needed for those people who are conscious or those who has sensitive skin.
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This section presents the conceptual literature and research literature which

bear relevance to the present study. They will be reviewed for the purpose of

having insights from the opinions of the several researchers and experts whose

findings and ideas would channel or support the assumed relationships of the

identified variables in the study. Thus, these would provide the researchers inputs

to the realization of the study.

Research Literature

Moringa oleifera, also known as Malunggay, has been used for centuries

because of its beneficial effects in terms of health. It has a lot of healthful

compounds such as vitamin A, vitamin B1, B2, and B3, vitamin C (foliate and

ascorbic acid), calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc. It is

actually also low in fat and does not contain harmful cholesterol. Focusing on its

health benefits, the use of Moringa oleifera means protecting and nourishing your

skin. It prevents skin cells from damaging. It also has hydrating and detoxifying

elements that boosts the skin (Cadman, 2017).

The Moringa oleifera is applicable or proven as an antibacterial soap. This

is due to the nutritious part of its leaves which have significant source of vitamins,

provitamin A as beta-carotene, and all nutrients stated from above. Creating the

product is said to be essential because of the antibacterial properties it possesses

which causes it to be considered as what everyone needs. Also, it can only be

produced and consumed in an affordable price.

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In addition, the Moringa tree has long been used for a variety of healing

and health purposes. In many parts of the world it is a key source of nutrition

since it is packed with protein and other essential nutrients that promote

overall wellness.

However, Moringa’s benefits aren’t just restricted to internal

ones; soap from Moringa can have powerful results for a number of external

issues. Typically, a powder is made from harvested moringa leaves, which

can then be added to other ingredients to create soap.

Just like your internal organs, your skin can greatly benefit from

flushing out toxins, and the power of the tree can be harnessed in Moringa

Soap. The astringent properties of the plant help to dry out infections and

wounds and have proven to be effective with killing germs, leaving skin

cleaner and clearer. Moringa is packed with over 45 types of antioxidants

that will benefit your body inside and out.

Because of this, Moringa is great to have on hand for cleaning out

fresh injuries. Many soap products contain scents and other artificial

components, while Moringa will naturally help to reduce swelling in the area,

and will promote healing while cleaning out germs.

Although, many cosmetic products that promise clear skin actually

contain harsh chemicals that can do more damage than good. Yet using soap

with Moringa in it can give you all the benefits of clearing out skin without

introducing any harmful toxins into your body. Natural, organic products work

more harmoniously with your body.

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This also helps Moringa soap reduce inflammation in the skin, which

has proven incredibly helpful in relieving pain and irritation related to eczema

and other skin disorders, as well as from day-to-day stress.

While many people prefer taking vitamins internally, your skin can also

benefit from directly receiving nutrients. When you are in the sun, your body

receives most of its vitamin D intake through your skin. Therefore, using a

soap filled with the power of Moringa can help treat your skin issues and help

with your overall wellness.

Furthermore, Moringa contains over 90 essential nutrients, and has

huge amounts of Vitamin A and C, which can help boost your immunity and

will make skin seem brighter. It also contains Vitamin B, which can be helpful

for getting more energy without crashing, and Vitamin D and E, both essential

in keeping skin healthy from the inside out.

Because Moringa is a natural substance, using it as a cleaner won’t

leave residue on your skin, which some soaps do. Overall, because of its

relaxing and antioxidant properties, using soap from Moringa will help your

skin feel and look smoother, while the vitamins give it a healthy glow (Orosco,

2015).

Don’t be fooled by expensive cosmetic companies’ overpriced

products, Moringa’s high vitamin content and antioxidants help it to block

skin from being dried out. This helps skin to retain flexibility and moisture,

making sure lines and wrinkles stay away (Green Virgin Products, 2016).
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The Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) are only not for cooking but it can also

give a smooth and good-looking skin that every Filipino woman needs, it is vitamin-

rich, nutrient- dense, antioxidants, anti-bacterial and nourishing properties that

helps minimize pimples, blackheads and other skin problem (Dermstore, 2016).

The extract of Moringa leaves is widely used in the cosmetic industry as it

has many therapeutic and skin purifying properties. It removes impurities from the

skin and rejuvenates. It also enhances fairness and maintains the natural skin color

(Bhagat, 2019).

Malunggay, also known as Moringa oleifera is loaded with nutrients like

calcium, vitamin A, B, C, D and E; minerals like copper, iron, zinc, magnesium,

silica and manganese. Moringa has moisturizing and nourishing properties and an

excellent cleansing ability which makes it an active ingredient in skin care products.

And malunggay powder which is prepared by grinding the dried leaves contain

seven times more Vitamin C than oranges, twenty-five times the amount of iron in

spinach, thirty-six times the amount of magnesium in eggs, fifty times more than

Vitamin B3 than peanuts and fifty times more Vitamin B2 than bananas

(Dvfdairyfarm, 2015).

Kala Milk Soap, the first-ever specialty bath soap made from local carabao’s

milk and other natural ingredients. Kala Milk boasts of having the highest content

of good butterfat compared to other milk-based beauty products making it a leader

in giving intense moisturization. The Coffee Kala Milk Soap is also pretty exciting

because this bar has coffee in it, it can help minimize the appearance of cellulite

and varicose veins with continued use. The honey and Oats Kala Milk Soap is a
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combination of exfoliation and a gentle cleanse. It offers a gentle cleanse and

provide a mild exfoliation to remove dead skin cells. The Citronella Milk Soap

makes you energized because of citronella scents. This variant is refreshing and

energizing for the mind and body. The Lavender Kala Milk Soap has a calming

scent that soothes the nerves and eases stress. This is perfect for those who get

beat at work and would like to take their baths to a new level of calm (Sunshine,

2015).

Carabao’s milk contribute lots of benefits not just to our body but specifically

to skin, carabaos milk has the thickest milk substance than other animal’s milks.

Carabao’s milk contains of good butterfat that helps for moisturizing the skin also

it can protect our skin from entering some chemicals to our skin (The Beauty

Junkee, 2015).

Carabao milk or any kind of milk can give a radiant skin The Queen of

Egypt, Cleopatra attributed her smooth and beautiful skin to a secret

ingredient in her baths and that is milk. People know that milk is great for

improving complexion. It can cleanse the skin and shrinks pores. Carabao’s

milk in particular contains high levels of fat (the good fat, up to 10-12%) and

vital proteins. An interesting fact about the acid components in the fats of

milk is that they make for a younger skin, providing your skin cells needed

sebum-like fatty acids and vitamins (Dvfdairyfarm, 2015).

One thing that assures the protection of our body from harmful bacteria

is the moisture of skin. Overdrying the skin can cause issues that can

sometimes leave permanent damage. Thus, our body needs

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moisturizer/moisturizing soap. There has been a misconception that if you

have oily skin, you should avoid moisturizers since it only adds up the oil

production. This is entirely false. In fact, the reason why some people have

oily skin is because they don’t use moisturizers which is capable of cutting

down greasy oily skin. The skin has natural pH (potential hydrogen) level

which kills of bacteria. If your skin is lacking moisture, the pH level will go off

and your skin’s natural protective barrier will open, making the bacteria enter

and may cause harm. Also, in order for your skin to heal properly and

healthily, it needs moisture that so that cells heal correctly. It ensures that

your skin has all the nutrients it needs to repair itself. By using moisturizers,

your skin will function properly, prevent breakouts, and give you healthy and

supple glow for years to come (Haman, 2017).

Research Studies

Moringa has been found to possess anti-ageing properties. The effect of

free radicals on human skin causes the appearance of wrinkles and makes the

skin aged and less resistant to lines. Moringa has excellent cleansing ability which

aids in cleaning the skin cells of free radicals and restoring the vitality and youthful

complexion of the skin. Malunggay with its benefits to our skin and how it helps

with its antioxidant, purifying and detox properties it is known as skin’s best friend

(Stylecraze, 2019).

In what is likely the first human trial on moringa as a hand-washing product,

researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine assigned 15

volunteers to wash their hands with liquid soap or moringa leaf powder in crossover
 13

style. By artificially applying E. coli to each hand, the researchers were able to

detect whether moringa or soap would be effective in ridding the hands of at least

this pathogen.

In both dried and wet forms, 2-3 g of moringa powder was not as effective

as liquid soap, but 4 g managed to work as effectively as soap. The wet, water-

based preparation worked better than the dry version, which may be explained by

“the water’s effect in extracting more of the active component of the plant at the

moment of hand cleansing.”

Therefore, moringa’s effect is due to the plant’s natural content of tannins,

phenols, alkaloids, and saponins, which are known for their detergent and

surfactant properties and it can be an attractive ingredient for plant-based soap

products (Brandberg, et al., 2015).

Dairy buffalo farmers in Luzon are in plan of conducting a training to enter

a new venture in soap making. This idea is known to be a market-wise since milk

soap, specifically from carabaos, is found to be highly saleable by the fact that

consumers prefer to buy environmental- friendly and natural products. Proven by

scientific studies, milk contains proteins that helps soften and moisturize the skin.

Having lactic acid also helps maintain its natural fairness. Nourished skin is also a

beneficial effect because milk is rich in vitamins A, D, and E, and more importantly,

the whitening effect that several people wished to have is also brought up by the

way it regulates the production of melanin, a natural substance in the skin that

causes it to darken. According to Mr. Gonzales, one of the owners and producer

of Kala Milk soap (first ever bath soap made from carabaos' milk) said that the
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production of this milk soap will foster an advocacy that supports the education of

dairy farmers' children (Irang, 2016).

Handmade soap containing animal fats has been proven to be better for

skin because of the fact that it doesn't have any harmful chemicals (Micallef, 2015).

Water buffalo milk, also known as carabao, is known to have beneficial

nutrients such as fatty acid which is classified for having high amounts of

triglycerides that bring advantageous effect to human health, caseins, and a lot

more. Compare to other milks, water buffalo milk also has higher vitamins and

minerals which encompass more amounts of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus,

vitamin A, and vitamin C. Because of these benefits, the idea of producing soap

primarily made out from water buffalo milk has been incorporated. This is due to

the fats and proteins it contains wherein it helps in keeping the skin more nourished

and moisturized. It also helps maintain the softness of the skin caused by glycerin.

Soaps made out of water buffalo milk can have the same nourishing effects as the

coconut and olive oil because they all have high amount of fatty acids (Scottsburg,

2015).

You may think skin care starts after you bathe, but if you choose milk soap

you can care for your skin while you bathe. There’s a long history of using milk-

based soaps for skin care. In fact, TLC Farms notes that milk products have been

used cosmetically since ancient times. Milk soaps are very kind to your skin. Just

like carabao milk soap it can truly benefit your skin’s health. It is wonderful for

people with dry or sensitive skin, or conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. It is

also perfect for healthy skin that wants to stay that way. Carabao milk contains
 15

alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid which help remove dead skin cells from

your skin’s surface. This leaves new cells on the surface of your skin that are

smoother and younger looking. The alpha-hydroxy acids are so effective because

they break down the bonds that hold the dead skin cells together. Removing dead

skin cells will help many skin conditions by removing irritation.

In addition, water-based soaps may use harsh chemical acids to accomplish

this, frequently with skin-damaging results and it also contains many vitamins, but

is particularly high in Vitamin A, which is necessary to repair damaged skin tissue,

and maintain healthy skin. There have been several medical studies showing that

creams made with Vitamin A reduce lines and wrinkles, control acne, and provide

some psoriasis relief. Water-based soaps can be artificially fortified with vitamins,

but most aren’t and also, Carabao’s milk contains important minerals for the skin

such as selenium. Selenium is believed by scientists to have an important role in

preventing skin cancer. Selenium can also help prevent damage to the skin from

excessive time in the sun. Although the water used in other soaps may contain

minerals such as calcium, sodium, or iron (commonly found in tap water), that’s

not much help when it comes to your skin. (Note: Many areas in the United States

have pastures low in selenium. At Goat Milk Stuff, our dairy goats get a selenium

booster, to ensure their mineral needs are met.

As people grow older, the skin becomes drier and less reliable. This is

due to the skin’s permeability as they age, which means that it has trouble keeping

water in and pathogens out. Cytokines (important drivers of skin inflammation)

helps to repair crack in younger skin. However, older skin is harder to fix because
 16

the body continually releases these inflammatory messengers. The moment they

start going in the blood, they travel around the body. With regards to this, scientists

have led to measure the impact of aging skin on inflammation with the use of skin

moisturizer for thirty days reduce the levels of cytokines in the blood (Newman,

2019).
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Moringa oleifera

Alternative Moisturizer

Carabao’s Milk

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram Showing the Relationship among Variables.

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Statement of the Problem

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera and

carabao’s milk as an alternative moisturizer to the skin.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Is there a significant effect of the alternative moisturizer soap made

from Moringa oleifera and Carabao’s Milk to the skin?

2. How does this soap help people with sensitive and dry skin?

Research Hypothesis

1. There is a significant effect of the alternative moisturizer soap made from

Moringa oleifera and Carabao’s Milk to the skin.

2. There is no significant effect of the alternative moisturizer soap made from

Moringa oleifera and Carabao’s Milk to the skin.

Significance of the Study

The following are the beneficiaries of the study:

Consumers. They are the main beneficiaries. The result of this study will

give them benefits that will compensate their needs in a daily basis at an affordable

price while being safe for different skin types.

Soap Manufacturers. The results of this study would provide insights as to

its effectiveness in terms of moisturizing the skin. As a result, this would indicate

its saleability in the market.

Future Researchers. The future researchers can use this study as basis

or support for their research.

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Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The focal point of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Moringa

oleifera and carabao’s milk as an alternative milk moisturizer. This study aims to

produce a safe and affordable soap. This study focused on what is in Moringa

oleifera and carabaos’ milk that can be used for all different skin types. The

researchers chose Moringa oleifera and carabao’s milk as independent variables

in correlation to the dependent variable which is its effect in moisturizing the skin.

The time frame of the study is based on the first semester of the school year 2019-

2020. This experimental study will be conducted in the Senior High School

department of Southwestern University – PHINMA.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study makes use of the experimental method. This method is a

systematic and scientific approach where researchers manipulate one or more

variables and control, measure, and change in other variables. The researchers

find this an appropriate and useful design because it is a method that will help the

researchers acquire the result of the study that they will be conducting. It is also

an appropriate method because it is a way to determine the effectiveness of the

independent variables which are Moringa oleifera and carabaos’ milk to the

dependent variable as alternative skin moisturizer.

Research Environment

The locale of this study will be in the Southwestern University - PHINMA at

Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City. It is one of the biggest universities in the region.

This school offers complete Junior and Senior High School Education and

Colleges. The Senior High level have a total population of 3,350 students in the

school year 2019-2020. The campus has one coliseum, one library and two

buildings.

Research Respondent

The main respondents of this study are the randomly selected five students

of the four sections that fall under the Cluster B of the STEM strand in

Southwestern University – PHINMA. This sums up to a total number of 20

participants.
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Research Instruments

In this study, the researchers make use of the survey questionnaire on the

effectiveness of Moringa oleifera and carabaos’ milk as an alternative moisturizing

soap.

A researcher-made questionnaire is used to measure the said

effectiveness. This 10-item four-point evaluation scale indicates the respondents’

perceived degree of effectiveness of their soap in terms of moisturizing their skin.

Respondents are asked to rate the product in terms of its effectiveness in

moisturizing the skin by checking one of the following responses:

1- Completely Disagree

2- Slightly Disagree

3- Slightly Agree

4- Completely Agree

Those students who belong to Category 1 are those who find the product

completely ineffective. Those in Category 2 are those who feel that the product is

only slightly ineffective in moisturizing their skin, while those who belong to

Category 3 find the product effective in moisturizing their skin. Lastly, students who

belong to Category 4 find the soap to be extremely effective in moisturizing their

skin.
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Research Procedure

The researchers made the moisturizing soap with the following steps:

1. Prepare the workplace.

2. Prepare the ingredients:

a. Malunggay leaves

b. carabaos’ milk

c. fragrance oil

d. soap-safe dye

e. rubbing alcohol

f. ramekin for fragrance oil

3. Prepare the materials and equipments:

a. Scale

b. Cutting board

c. Measuring spoons

d. Metal whisks

e. Large knife

f. Rubber spatula

g. Cloth and paper towel

h. Soap mold

4. cut and weigh the melt and pour soap base

5. melt the soap base on the microwave

6. add fragrance or essential oil

7. stir the melted soap

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8. pour the melted and fragrance soap into the mold

9. and mold the soap

Data Gathering Procedure

In this research, the researchers will make a formal request letter for official

permission that will allow the researchers to conduct the study that will be attached

with sample questionnaires that will be given to the Principal of the Southwestern

University- PHINMA.

Personally, the researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the

randomly selected respondents. The researchers will explain thoroughly to the

respondents the instruction for answering. The students who have questions will

also be entertained and assisted by the researchers. After the respondents have

completed the questionnaires, the researchers will immediately retrieve it. Then,

the data will be tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.

Definition of Terms

This part of the study contains the complicated words defined operationally:

Moringa oleifera- It is the independent variable in this study. It is one of the

primary ingredients in making the alternative moisturizer.

Carabao’s Milk- it is the independent variable in this study. It is one if the primary

ingredient in making the alternative moisturizer.

Alternative Moisturizer- It is the dependent variable in this study. It is the result

product of the experiment.

Skin- The skin is the basis of the experiment if the alternative moisturizer does

work.
 24

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bellatory, A. (2016). Nutrients in Raw Milk and Their Benefits for the Skin.
Retrieved on July 29, 2019 from https://bellatory.com/skin/Top-5-Skin-
Benefits-of-Raw-Milk-Beauty-Tips

Navarro A. (2018). Calyxta-Ingredients 101: Carabao’s Milk. Retrieved July 29,

2019 from
https://www.google.com/url?sa=tsource=web&rct=j&url=https://www.calyxt
a.com/articles/skin/ingredients-101-carabao’s-
milk/&ved=2ahuKEwjDn5TAKZLjAH&usg=AovVaw2NbJUDQswdAvy+Y7S
M_Sl&cshid=1561930135224

Dermstore (2016). Meet Moringa, The Wonder Ingredient You Haven’t Tried
Yet. Retrieved July 31, 2019 from
https://www.dermstore.com/blog/top-ten/moringa-skin=benefits

Haman, Z. M. (2017). Why Your Skin Needs Moisturizer and Moisturizing Soap.
Retrieved on August 09, 2019 from zakiasmorocco.com/blogs/news/why
your-skin-needs-moisturizers-and-moisturizing-soap

Irang, M. (2016). Philippine Carabao Center PCC-CBED Conducts Training on

Milk Soap Making for Dairy Farmer Entrepreneurs in Luzon. Retrieved
on July 28,2019 from http://www.pcc.gov.ph/pcc-cbed-conducts-training-
on-milk-soap-making-fordairy-farmer-entrepreneurs-in-Luzon

Micallef, Z. (2015). SAK Nepal- Water Buffalo Milk Soap. Retrieved on July 28,
2019 from http://saknepal.org/resource/nepalese-exort-potential-water-
buffalo-milk-soap/

Newman, T. (2019). Skin Moisturizer Could Reduce the Risk of Disease. Retrieved
August 09, 2019 from medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324717.php

Orosco, J. (2015). The Effectiveness of Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) as an

Antibacterial Soap. Retrieved on July 30, 2019 from
https://prezi.com/m/fuhxl34ckjt8/the-effectiveness-of-malunggay-moringa-
oleifera-as-an-antibacterial-soap/
 25

Roque S. (2018). Carabao dairying: Now a booming industry in PH landscape.

Retrieved on July 27, 2019 from http://www.pcc.gov.ph/carabao-dairying-
now-a-booming-industry-in-ph-landscape/

Saba, F. R. (2019). Amazing Benefits of Moringa Oleifera (Sahijan) for skin,

Hair and Health. Retrieved on July 30, 2019 from
https://www.google.com/ampI5/www.stylecraze.com/articles/amazing
benefits-of-moringa-plant/%3amp=1

The Beauty Junkee (2015). Kala Milk Soap Review. Retrieved on July 30, 2019
from https://thebeautyjunkee.blogspot.com/2015/06/kala-milk-soap-
review.htm(?m=1)

Whelan, C. (2018). The Benefits and Limits of Vitamin A for your Skin. Retrieved
on August 6, 2019 from https://www.healthline.com/health/vitamin-a-for
skin
 26

Name (optional): ______________________ Year & Section: ____________

Gender: _____________________________ Age: _____________________

Read carefully and put a check mark that will correspond your answer.
Kindly answer it honestly and we will promise that your answers will be kept
confidential.

Completely Slightly Slightly Completely

Disagree Disagree Agree Agree
(1) (2) (3) (4)

1. The soap moisturized my

skin
2. The soap helps me with my
skin problems.

3. I see a positive effect while

using the soap.
4. I see a negative effect while
using the soap.
5. The soap is better than my
previous moisturizer soap.
6. The soap satisfied me.
7. I feel confident with my own
skin by using the soap.
8. It has the same effect with
other moisturizer.
9. It reached my expectation.

10. I can highly recommend

this soap to my colleagues.

___________________________________

Respondent’s Signature
 27

CURRICULUM VITAE

APRIL ALVEZ
Address: 69 Cabantan St., Barrio Luz, Cebu City
Cellphone Number: +639157987611
Email Address: alvez.april25@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: April 25, 2000

Place of Birth: Cebu City
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City

Mabolo National High School

Junior High School
Juan Luna Ave. Mabolo Cebu City

Elementary: Tayud Elementary School

Tayud, Concolacion, Cebu City
 28

JEFF LORENZE G. ALZA

Address: Poblacion, Dalaguete, Cebu
Cellphone Number: +639561546621
Email Address: jeffgimenez7@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: February 14, 2001

Place of Birth: Cebu City
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City

Dalaguete National High School

Junior High School
Pobalcion, Dalaguete, Cebu

Elementary: Dalaguete Central Elementary School

Poblacion, Dalaguete, Cebu
 29

MARSHA AMORIN
Address: 3512 Sitio Gun Club Banawa Guadalupe Cebu City
Cellphone Number: +09223784975
Email Address: amorinmarsha@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: November 24, 2001

Place of Birth: Cebu City
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City

Abellana National High School

Junior High School
Osmena Blvd, Cebu City

Elementary: Guadalupe Elementary School

V.Rama Guadalupe, Cebu City
 30

MARY LIZ G. BAJAO

Address: 400 Visitacion st., Sambag 2 Cebu City
Cellphone Number: +639331590079
Email Address: marylizbajao@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: February 27, 2002

Place of Birth: Cebu City
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City

Abellana National High School

Junior High School
Osmena Blvd., Cebu city

Elementary: City Central Elementary School

P.del Rosario ext., Cebu City
 31

JAMILLAH K. BATO
Address: T. Padilla Ext. Cebu City
Cellphone Number: 09493334081
Email Address: jamillahkbato@yahoo.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: June 20, 2000

Place of Birth: Tatayawan, Lanao Del Sur
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Islam

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City
Abellana National School
Junior High School
Osmeña Blvd. Cebu City

Elementary: Tejero Elementary School

M.J. Cuenco Avenue Cebu City
 32

KEEFE BENETT C. BAYANGOS

Address: V. Rama Ave., Guadalupe, Cebu City
Cellphone Number: 09424143817
Email Address: keefe286@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: May 23, 2001

Place of Birth: Cebu City
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City

Beaconhouse St. Paul

Junior High School
Don Gervacio Quijada St., Guadalupe, Cebu City

Elementary: Beaconhouse St. Paul

Don Gervacio Quijada St., Guadalupe, Cebu City
 33

GAYLE MARGARETTE BERDON

Address: Maricaban Santa Fe Cebu
Cellphone Number: +09957147805
Email Address: gayleberdon@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: March 31, 2001

Place of Birth: Bantayan Island
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Born Again Christian

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City

Santa Fe National High School

Junior High School
Poblacion St., Santa Fe Cebu

Elementary: Maricaban Integrated School

Maricaban St., Santa Fe Cebu
 34

ANGELA BIGNO
Address: Block 9 Lot 9, Kalunasan Mountainview Village Cebu City
Cellphone Number: +639187918785
Email Address: angelabigno@yahoo.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: August 02, 2001

Place of Birth: Cebu, City
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City
Ramon Duterte Memorial National High School
Junior High School
V. Rama Avenue

Elementary: Guadalupe Elementary School

V. Rama Avenue
 35

MA. ARLIE B. BOAQUIN

Address: Ubay Bohol
Cellphone Number: +639168239038
Email Address: arlieboaquin23@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: February 23, 2002

Place of Birth: Bohol
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Secondary: Southwestern University PHINMA
Senior High School
Villa Aznar Urgello St., Cebu City
Ubay National Science High School
Junior High School
Ubay Bohol

Elementary: Lumangog Elementary School

Ubay Bohol
36
37