Diseases

AND THEIR CURES

Jayanth Vallurupalli | 9th yellow | ab4178

 Amebiasis

 Amebiasis is an infection of the intestines caused by the parasite Entamoeba

histolytica.

CAUSES
 Entamoeba histolytica can live in the large intestine without causing damage
to the intestine. In some cases, it invades the colon wall, causing colitis, acute
dysentery, or long-term diarrhea. The infection can also spread through the
blood to the liver. In rare cases, it can spread to the lungs, brain, or other
organs.

SYMPTOMS

 Mild symptoms:

 Abdominal cramps

 Diarrhea: Passage of 3 to 8 semiformed stools per day, or passage of soft stools with
mucus and occasional blood

 Fatigue

 Excessive gas

 Rectal pain while having a bowel movement

 weight loss

TREATMENT
Treatment depends on how severe the infection is. Usually, antibiotics are prescribed.
If you are vomiting, you may need to receive medicines through a vein until you can take
them by mouth. Medicines to stop diarrhea are usually not prescribed, because they can
make the condition worse.

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 Anthrax
Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
Diseased animals can spread anthrax to humans, either through direct contact or
by eating raw or undercooked meat from infected animals.

SYMPTOMS
 An itchy sore develops that is similar to an insect bite. This sore may blister and form a black ulcer

 The sore is usually painless, but it is often surrounded by swelling.

 A scab often forms, and then dries and falls off within 2 weeks. Complete healing can take longer.

 Begins with fever, malaise, headache, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain
 Fever and shock may occur later

 Abdominal pain

 Bloody diarrhea

 Diarrhea

 Fever

 Mouth sores

 Nausea and vomiting

Causes
Anthrax commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats. Humans
who come into contact with infected animals can get sick with anthrax as well.

TREATMENT
Antibiotics are usually used to treat anthrax. Antibiotics that may be prescribed include
penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin.

Cutaneous (skin) anthrax is treated with antibiotics taken by mouth, usually for 7 to 10
days. Doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are most often used.

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 Cholera
Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes diarrhea. The cholera bacterium is usually
found in water or food contaminated by feces

Symptoms
 Rapid heart rate
 Loss of skin elasticity (the ability to return to original position quickly if pinched)
 Dry mucous membranes, including the inside of the mouth, throat, nose, and
eyelids
 Low blood pressure
 Thirst
 Muscle cramps

Causes
 Municipal water supplies.
 Ice made from municipal water.
 Foods and drinks sold by street vendors.
 Vegetables grown with water containing human wastes.
 Raw or undercooked fish and seafood caught in waters polluted with sewage.

Treatment
Cholera is an easily treatable disease. Up to 80% of people can be treated
successfully through prompt administration of oral rehydration salts
(WHO/UNICEF ORS standard sachet). In order to ensure timely access to
treatment, cholera treatment centres (CTCs) should be set up within the affected
communities. With proper treatment, the case fatality rate should remain below
1%.
 Myiasis
Myiasis is infection with a fly larva, usually occurring in tropical and subtropical
areas. There are several ways for flies to transmit their larvae to people. Some
flies attach their eggs to mosquitoes and wait for mosquitoes to bite people.

Symptoms
:[2]

Syndrome Symptoms

Cutaneous Painful, slow-developing ulcers or furuncle- (boil-) like sores that can
Myiasis last for a prolonged period.

Obstruction of nasal passages and severe irritation. In some cases

Nasal Myiasis
facial edema and fever can develop. Death is not uncommon.

Crawling sensations and buzzing noises. Smelly discharge is

Aural Myiasis sometimes present. If located in the middle ear, larvae may get to the
brain.

Ophthalmomyiasis Fairly common, this causes severe irritation, edema, and pain.

Treatment
In many circles the first response to cutaneous myiasis once the breathing hole
has formed, is to cover the air hole thickly with petroleum jelly. Lack of oxygen
then forces the larva to the surface, where it can more easily be dealt with.
 Trachoma
Trachoma, also called granular conjunctivitis, Egyptian ophthalmia,
and blinding trachoma, is an infectious disease caused by the
bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.

SYMPTOMS
 Eye discharge
 Swollen eyelids
 Trichiasis (turned-in eyelashes)
 Swelling of lymph nodes in front of the ears
 Sensitivity to bright lights
 Increased heart rate
 Further ear, nose and throat complications.

CAUSE
Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, serotypes (serovars) A, B, and
C. It is spread by direct contact with eye, nose, and throat secretions from
affected individuals, or contact with fomites[9] (inanimate objects that carry
infectious agents), such as towels and/or washcloths, that have had similar
contact with these secretions

Treatment
Antibiotics can prevent long-term complications if used early in the infection. In
certain cases, eyelid surgery may be needed to prevent long-term scarring, which
can lead to blindness if not corrected.
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