Wednesday, June 29, 2011

CHAPTER 19

P.P.19.1 Comparing the network with that in Fig. 19.5, we observe that

z 12 = z 21 = 3 Ω
z 22 – z 12 = 0 or z 22 = z 12 = 3 Ω
z 11 – z 12 = 4 or z 11 = 4 + 3 = 7 Ω

7 3
 z    
3 3

P.P.19.2 V1  6 I 1  j4 I 2 (1)
V2  - j4 I 1  8 I 2 (2)

But V2  0
and 2 30  V1  2 I 1 
 V1  2 30  2 I 1

Substituting these into (1) and (2),

2 30  2 I 1  6 I 1  j4 I 2
2 30  8 I 1  j4 I 2 (3)

0  -j4 I 1  8 I 2
I 1 = –j2I 2 (4)

Substituting (4) into (3),

230   j16 I 2  j4 I 2   j20 I 2
230
I2   100120˚ mA
20  90

I1   j2 I 2  20030˚ mA

P.P.19.3 Consider the circuit in Fig. (a) for y 11 and y 21 .

I1 2 6 I2

+ +
1A V1 4 V2 = 0
 V 1 = [2+(4x6/(4+6))]I 1 = 4.4 I 1
y 11 = (I 1 /V 1 ) = 1/4.4 = 0.2273 S

By current division,
-4
I2  I1  -0.4 I1
10
I
y 21  2  –0.4I 1 /(4.4I 1 ) = –0.09091 S
V1

For y 12 and y 22 , consider the circuit in Fig. (b).

I1 2 6 I2

+ +
V1 = 0 4 V2 1A
 
(b)

V 2 = [6 +(4x2/(4+2))]I 2 = 7.333I 2
I
y 22  2 = 1/7.333 = 0.13636 S
V2

By current division,
I 1 = [–4/(4+2)]I 2 = –(2/3)I 2
I
y 12  1 = –(2/3)I 2 /7.333I 2 = –0.09091 S
V2
Therefore,
 227 .3 - 90.91 
[y ]    mS
 - 90.91 136.36 
P.P.19.4 Consider the circuit in Fig (a).

1 6 2 Vo 2 I2
Io
+ +
I1 V1 3 2 Io V2 = 0
 

(a)

At node 1,
V1 V1  Vo
I1  
3 6
6 I 1  3 V1  Vo (1)

At node 2,
V1  Vo 2
 I 2  2 I o  V1
6 3

0  Vo - Vo
But I2  
2 2

V1  Vo Vo 2 -4
Hence,   V1 
 V1  V (2)
6 2 3 3 o

From (1) and (2),

-5
6 I1  -4 Vo  Vo  -5 Vo 
 I1  V
6 o

I 1 (- 5 6)Vo 5
Thus, y 11     0.625 S
V1 (- 4 3)Vo 8

I 2 (- 1 2)Vo 3
y 21     0.375 S
V1 (- 4 3)Vo 8
Consider the circuit in Fig. (b). The 3- resistor is short-circuited so that I o  0 .
Consequently, the circuit is equivalent to that shown in Fig.(c).

I1 6 Vo 2

Io
+ +
V1 = 0 3 2 Io V2 I2
 

(b)

I1 6 2

+
V2 I2


(c)

V2  8I 2 , I1  - I 2
I2 1
y 22    0.125 S
V2 8

I1 -I2
y 12    -0.125 S
V2 8 I 2

Therefore,
 0.625 - 0.125   625 - 125 
[y ]    S or   mS
 0.375 0.125   375 125 

P.P.19.5 To find h 11 and h 21 , we use the circuit in Fig. (a). Note that the 5-
resistor is short-circuited.
2 I2

+
I1 V1 2 5


(a)
 V 1 = [2x3/(2+3)]I 1 = 1.2I 1
V
h 11  1  1.2 Ω
I1

2
-I2  I  0.4 I 1 = (4/(4+6))I 1 = 0.4I 1
23 1
I
h 21  2  -0.4
I1

To get h12 and h 22 , we use the circuit in Fig. (b).

I1 = 0 3 I2

+
+
V1 2 5 V2



(b)

V 1 = [2/(2+3)]V 1 = 0.4V 1

V1
h 12   0.4
V2

V 2 = [5x5/(5+5)]I 2 = 2.5I 2

I2 1
h 22    0.4 S
V2 2.5

Therefore,
 1 .2  0 .4 
[h]   
 - 0.4 400 mS 
P.P.19.6 Our goal is to get Z in  V1 I 1 .
I1 I2

+ +
V1 V2 ZL
 

V1  h 11 I 1  h 12 V2 (1)
I 2  h 21 I 1  h 22 V2 (2)

But V2  - Z L I 2
Substituting this equation into (1) and (2),
h 21 I 1
I 2  h 21 I 1  Z L h 22 I 2 
 I 2 
1  Z L h 22

- Z L h 21 I 1
V2  - Z L I 2 
1  Z L h 22

Z L h12 h 21 I1
V1  h11 I1 
1  Z L h 22

V1 Z h h
Z in   h11  L 12 21
I1 1  Z L h 22
(50  10 3 )(10 -4 )(100)
Z in  2000   1.6667 kΩ
1  (50  10 3 )(10 -5 )

P.P.19.7 We get g 11 and g 21 using the circuit in Fig. (a).

I1 s s I2 = 0

Io +
+
V1 1 1 V2



(a)

V1  [ s  1 || (s  1) ] I 1
 V1 s  1 s 2  3s  1
s 
I1 s2 s2
I1 s2
g 11   2
V1 s  3s  1

By current division,
1 V1
Io  I1  2
s2 s  3s  1
V1
V2  I o  2
s  3s  1
V2 1
g 21   2
V1 s  3s  1

We obtain g 12 and g 22 using the circuit in Fig. (b).

I1 s s Io'

+
1 1 V2 I2


(b)

  s 
V2  [1 || (s  1 || s) ] I 2   1 || s   I
  s  1 2
s 2  2s
V2 2
s  2s s 1 s (s  2)
 1 ||   2
I2 s 1 s  2s s  3s  1
2
1
s 1
V2 s (s  2)
g 22   2
I 2 s  3s  1

By current division,
-1 '
I1  I
s 1 o
1 s 1
and Io'  I2  2 I
s  2s
2
s  3s  1 2
1
s 1
-1
I1  2 I
s  3s  1 2
 I1 -1
g12   2
I 2 s  3s  1

Therefore,
 s2 -1 
 s 2  3s  1 s  3 s  1 
2
[g]  
 1 s ( s  2) 
 s 2  3 s  1 s  3 s  1 
2

P.P.19.8 To get A and C, we use the circuit in Fig. (a).

I1 2 6 I2 = 0

+
+
V1 4 V2



(a)

A = V 1 /V 2 = (2+4)I 1 /(4I 1 ) = 1.5

C = I 1 /V 2 = I 1 /(4I 1 ) = 0.25 S

To get B and D, we use the circuit in Fig. (b).

I1 2 6 I2

+
+
V1 4 V2 = 0



(b)

-4 - I1 10
I2  I1 
 D    2.5
10 I2 4

Also, V 1 = [2+(4x6/(4+6))]I 1 = 4.4I 1

B = –V 1 /I 2 = –4.4I 1 /(–0.4I 1 ) = 11 Ω
Therefore,
 1 .5 11  
[T]  
 250 mS 2.5 

P.P.19.9 From Eq. (19.22),

V1  5 V2  10 I 2 (1)
I 1  0 . 4 V2  I 2 (2)

At the output port, V2  -10 I 2 . At the input port, V1  14  2 I 1 .

Substituting these into (1) and (2),
14  2 I 1  -50 I 2  10 I 2
14  2 I 1  60 I 2 (3)

I 1  -4 I 2  I 2
I 1  -5 I 2 (4)

Substituting (4) into (3),

14  -10 I 2  60 I 2
- 14
I2   - 0.2 A
70

I 1  (-5)(-0.2)  1 A

P.P.19.10
 6 4
[z]     z  36  16  20
 4 6

z 11  6  z 22 z 12  z 21  4

From Table 19.1,

z 22 6 - z 12 - 4
y 11    0.3 S y 12    -0.2 S
 z 20 z 20
- z 21 z 11
y 21   -0.2 S y 22   0.3 S
z z

z 11 6  z 20
A   1.5 B   5
z 21 4 z 21 4
1 1 z 22 6
C   0.25 S D   1.5
z 21 4 z 21 4
Therefore,
 0.3 - 0.2   1 .5 5
[y]   S [T]   
 - 0.2 0.3   0.25 S 1.5 