Acceptance and Equality of LGBT Community among Senior High School

Students in Liberation Institute

Yna Ezabellee Bolinkit

Paul Ralph Lorejo
Jessica Maribeles

Submitted to: Mrs. Daisy Duree Lynn Dalagon

Practical Research 1

February 06, 2019

Chapter 1:
I. INTRODUCTIION

According to Being LGBT in Asia; The Philippines Country Report (2013) indicated that
73% of the Filipino respondents said that homosexuality/LGBT should be accepted by
the society. There are Filipinos who accepted LGBT as part of the community but there
are still Filipinos who don’t..People who are identified as “lesbian” or “gay” are attracted
with the same gender. In addition, people who are identified as “bisexual” are attracted
with the same or different genders.”Trans”, on the other hand, is the people who identify
themselves different from the actual gender they were born with.

People who are included in the LGBT Community has been facing different tough
situations wherein they were discriminated or criticized for who they are, how they look
like and etc., this could affect their emotional aspect where they experience anxiety,
depression or even suicidal thoughts.

They’ve been discriminated not just how they look or act but about what gender they
prefer to choose. They are afraid to make friends in school because they think
everybody don’t like the idea of being friends with them because they don’t have the
right to, they were bullied at school and instead of building confidence they build hatred
for themselves for not being good enough .These discrimination can affect their life until
the end.

But as human, they need to be respected, they need to experience equality, they need
to be loved and live the way they wanted to be because after all they are still a human.
In this study we aim to distinguish the views and opinions about the LGBT in Liberation
Institute, their views and opinions matter the most since the student s is one of the key
to our successful study. It will answer all the specific problems in our study, what is their
attitude towards them, what can they help concerning the school, and are they willing to
support these people.
 II. Significance of the Study

The significance of the study will benefit the following:

Students in Liberation Institute can benefit in this study for they will understand and
respect LGBT students as well as they can be fond with these people.

Community having LGBT people can benefit in this study for they will know what these
people can do to contribute something good for the community. These are many LGBT
people who are a good contributor not just in a community but also in our country.

Lastly, the LGBT itself can benefit in this study for they will be able to get the most
important thing they want to feel and earn, being accepted and respected by the people
who surrounds them.
III. Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is to look forward to the positive and possible effects of the
conducted study. Moreover, to establish ways to an impending discrimination towards
LGBT, being able to distinguish and come up with the response of the students towards
the equality of LGBT within Liberation Institute. Hence, we would like to prove that
LGBT is worth to be friends with, they shouldn’t be suffering from discrimination and
judgment. We would like the students to realize and accept LGBT as a human being.

It also aims to lessen the discrimination in all individuals who are part in LGBT, as what
we observe in Liberation Institute there are some LGBT who are afraid to socialize with
others because of bullying.

This study helps to catch the attention of the other students so that they will change
their different perspectives towards LGBT. Also, we want students to know how these
situations can affect them, to know what they feel during they have been discriminated,
it can lead them to depression or suicide.
IV. Scope and Delimitation

The study targeted the senior high school students in Liberation Institute as the
respondents by conducting a survey, to know their views and opinion about our chosen
topic.

Our samples are only selected because there are only few LGBT among senior
highschool students in Liberation Institute.
Chapter 2:

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes the literature review of the related topic. This chapter also
supports the background of the related topic.

 Not only in the Philippines, but it is universal in the LGBT community that each
individual encounters or has encountered some sort of identity crisis which may
not be as grave as the other before they come to terms with themselves and the
people around them. It was reported by the Inquirer net (2013) that the survey
was conducted by the Pew Research Center, which results make the Philippines
rank 10.
(famimgroup2, 2015)

 Ruth Neustifter, in her reference to lesbian couples as an impetus for

identification of cultural competencies in LGBT end of life care, reasons that
further research is needed simply because the population exist Nuestifter (2008).
All members of LGBT older adult population is worthy of adequate services and
support. The LGBT older adult population is a diverse one. Kimmel, Rose and
David (2006) suggest multiple reasons for further research; to increase
intergenerational contact and knowledge, reduce impact of ageism and provide
positive role models for transitioning into middle and old age in the LGBT
community. As stated in the introduction, the current American LGBT population
over 65 years of age is estimated at 1.4 to 3.8 million with the potential for the
population rising as high as 7.2 million by 2030 (Grant, et al., 2009).

 Social science research with gay populations is difficult Heckathom (2004),

secondary to fear of discrimination, social stigma, and heterosexism among gay
individuals.

 Many lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender older adults have spent the
majority of their lives masking their sexual orientation and gender identity, with
their life stories largely silenced. Unlike some minority groups, most lesbian, gay,
bisexual, and transgender older adults are not readily identifiable and they must
constantly manage the disclosure of their sexual orientation or gender identify
fearing discrimination and victimization (Hudson, 2011).

 Research data has begun to specify some of the negative experiences identified
by older LGBT adults. The Aging and Health Report study (2011) found 82% of
their LGBT older adult participants were victimized at least once due to their
perceived sexual orientation or gender identity; 64% were victimized three or
more times. Participants encountered discrimination in employment and housing
 and once in ten surveyed reported being denied healthcare or provided with
inferior care due to their perceived sexual orientation or gender identity
(Fredickson-Goldsen et al., 2011).

 Though T is included in the LGBT umbrella, transgender people still experience

stigma (Singh et al., 2011).

 Black LGBT individuals are more likely to experience violence than LGBT
individuals of other ethnoracial backgrounds or heterosexuals of any ethnoracial
background. While the literature has thoroughly described the challenges faced
by the Black LGBT individuals, their resilience capacity is given much less
attention. An examination of the strengths and resilience outcomes of this
population is warranted given their ability to successfully adapt and thrive in the
face of racism, sexism, transphobia, and homophobia, as well as racialized
sexual orientation and gender identity healthy disparities. This paper examines
resilience and LGBT social sciences literatures, focusing on factors that may
lead to resilience in Black LGBT individuals, and offers recommendations for
research and clinical practice.

 Lourdes D Follins et al., (2014). This article reviews the research literature on
gay fathers, and include brief historical perspective and statistical data. The
major portion of the article compares studies of gay fathers with other groups
such as lesbian mothers and nongay fathers. Because the literature is sparse,
and the research has severe limitations such as small sample size, few definite
statements about these men can be made with certainty. Even so, tentative
generalizations are proposed.

 LGBT has become a widely accepted designation for minority based on sexual
and gender orientation. All members of these subgroups are subject to similar
prejudices rooted in beliefs and traditions about sexuality and gender. LGBT
people, as members of a social minority group, are suffering from various form of
socioeconomic and cultural injustice. The lacks of social recognition has an effect
on the capacity of LGBT people to fully access and enjoy their rights as a
citizens. They are more likely to experience intolerance, discrimination,
harassment, and the threat of the violence due to their sexual orientation, than
those that identify themselves as heterosexual. Highlighting some major
problems faced by LGBT people across the world is the theme of the article.
(Chatterjee Subhrajit)

 This research paper analysis the homosexual marriages in the Indian context as
an invisible conflict which is successfully kept under cover. It also attempts to
describe and explain various aspects of homosexuality including the evolution,
the reasons, the societal attitude and reactions towards such relations. The
author also draws insight from the countries where homosexual marriages are
legalized and highlights their outcome out of legalizing homosexual relations. At
 the end talking fair and strong arguments both in favors and in against the author
concludes about the possibility of legalizing homosexual marriages in India
based on empirical and theoretical facts and evidences.

 Reliable figures on the number of LGBT people in the United Kingdom are not
currently available, as the most recent census did not include questions on
sexual orientation or gender identity. Currently, the U.K government estimates
that 5 to 7 percent of population is lesbian, gay, or bisexual, a figure supported
by the LGB rights organization Stonewall (2010). The trans activism organization
GIRES estimates that around 1 percent of the U.K population experiences some
degree of gender variance, further noting that “most gender dysphoric adults
report experiencing gender variance from a very early age” (GIRES, 2011)

 The health and well-being of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)
population is now considered a health priority, not only by interest groups but
also by federal health care agencies. The Institute of Medicine’s (2011)
consensus report highlighted the lack of science based knowledge on the health
of LGBT individuals owing to the lack of research in LGBT health. Healthy people
2020 (2011) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS,
2011) further underscored the existence for LGBT individuals.
(Fidelindo A. Lim et al., 2011)

 The 5-year impact score, from 2005 to 2009, of the top 10 nursing journals found
only eight articles focusing on LGBT issues, for a rate of 0.16% of all articles
published. Seven of the top 10 journals published no articles that focused on
LGBT issues in that 5-year period Eliason et al., (2010). This lack of scholarly
discourse on LGBT issues in the nursing literature is representative of the lack of
inclusion of such topics in nursing curricula. Although research on LGBT health
has significantly increased , few studies were performed by nursing scholars
Randall and Eliason (2012) and most were performed by nurse researchers
outside of the United States (Eliason et al., 2010)

 Stress in female-identified transgender youth: a review of the literature on effects

and interventions

 Female-identified transgender youth (FIT youth) have a male birth sex but
identify as female, placing them outside of socially acceptable standards and
increasing the challenges of adolescence. They face numerous potential sources
of stress and have a higher likelihood of experiencing negative mental health
outcomes due to lack of support, lack of perceived safety, and limited access to
resources and like peers. Fortunately, there are protective factors and
intervention strategies that help buffer against negative mental health outcomes.
Intervention is encouraged to build on these factors and is likely to be most
effective when applied at the individual, family and school levels.
(Stephanie Ignatavicius, 2013).
.
 This qualitative study is devoted to understanding the meaning of gay identity
development as it is experienced in a majority heterosexist culture. Using a
phenomenological approach, five interviews were conducted with gay men who
discussed embracing key experiences that defer from the majority and the way
these experiences facilitated movement towards self-acceptance and adaptation.
Emergent theme are identified and the phenomenon of gay identity development
is described through the voices of these men. Implications of future research are
explored.
(Parrish L. Paul & Gina Frieden, 2008)

 Gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender (GLBT) employees constitute one of the

largest, but least studies minority groups in the workforce. Given the scarcity of
an up to date systematic literature review on sexual orientation discrimination in
the workplace since Croteau (1996) and Ward (2003), this study aims to fill this
gap through systematic literature review based on rigorous criteria. By
examining 52 selected papers, the study specifically attempts to systematize the
existing literature, explore key emerging themes and recent developments,
identify research gaps, and suggest potential areas about members of
historically marginalized social groups. While Sue's (2010a, 2010b)
microaggressions theory formed it's foundation in studies based on racial
microaggressions, the following reviews summarizes microaggression literature
to date, as it pertains to the LGBTQ people. Searching PsycINFO and other
databases between 2010 and 2015, we found 35 peer-reviewed papers or
dissertations that concentrate on the negative impact microaggressions have on
LGBTQ people. A comprehensive overview of the experiences of individual
LGBTQ subgroups (e.g., lesbian, women, gay men, bisexual people,
transgender people, and gender queer people) is included, as well as
microaggressions based on intersectional identities (e.g., experiences of LGBTQ
people of color). The significance of this review is that it is the only known article
to comprehensively analyze the literature on LGBTQ people and
microaggressions, examining the strengths and weaknesses of past literature
while encouraging future areas of theory, research, and practice.
(Emir Ozeren, 2014)

 Research indicates LGBT youth are a vulnerable population-- a status that can
be attributed to a hostile social climate at school. Intervention strategies, such as
educational policies, programs and supportive environment, improve the social
climate for LGBT students for secondary schools and universities. Yet, no
studies have compiled and synthesized existing research to show the exclusively
positive effect safe school interventions and supportive environments have on
LGBT youth. This article presents a summary of the various intervention
strategies, examines the strengths and limitations of the existing body of
knowledge, and makes recommendations for future research.
(Whitney Black, Alicia Fedew & Kirsten Gonzalez, 2012).
 This meta-synthesis of empirical and no empirical literature analyzed 24 journal
articles and book chapters that addressed the intersection of disability,
[homo]sexuality, and gender/identity expression in P-12 schools, colleges and
universities, supported living programs, and other educational and social
contexts in Australia, Belgium, Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, the United
Kingdom and the United States. The articles and chapters emphasized the
diversity of LGBT youth with disabilities-- culturally, linguistically, sexually, and in
terms of abilities, disabilities, and related service needs--while nothing that all (or
certainly most) LGBT youth with disabilities possess multiple stigmatized identity
as sexual/gender minorities and young people with disabilities.
(Thomas Scott Duke, 2011).

 There has been substantial research on attitudes towards Lesbian Gay Bisexual
Transgender (LGBT) students on campuses of higher education. The campus
climate and general feelings about LGBT students have begun to be documented
with more regularity. Sexual minority students face specific challenges of identity
development that the researcher believes impacts their educational experiences
and possibilities of academic success. While much of the research thus far has
focused on attitudes and experiences of heterosexual individuals toward sexual
minority college students, very little focuses on LGBT students’ personal and
academic experiences in higher education (Engstrom & Sedlacek, 1997; Herek,
1984; Kurdek, 1988; Clift, 1988; Brown et al., 2004).

 Issues of discrimination against homosexuals were brought forward in society

over one hundred years go by Magnus Hirschfeld (Fone, 2000).

 Contemporary Gay rights advocates continue to try to gain equality for LGBT
individuals in the United States in all social and political arenas as well as for
LGBT students at all levels of education. While it appears that there have been
improvements in some arenas for LGBT individuals, research shows that there
continue to be new legal and social issues concerning Gay rights in the United
States (Cuomo, 2007).

 Along with the fight to create equal legal and institutional opportunities for sexual
minority individuals, Gay rights advocates still endeavor to fight homophobia and
violence in everyday society including in schools. Gay students are still the
subject of violent verbal and physical attacks (Smith, 1998).

 Violence against LGBT individuals due to their sexual identity continues to be

pervasive in the United States (Swigonski et al., 2001).

 Many LGBT individuals’ psychological health suffers due to the significant

amount of stress they feel because of heterosexist/-homophobic attitudes and
environmental climates. Living with great stress often causes LGBT individuals to
experience “greater vulnerability to depressive distress and anxiety” (Mays &
Cochran, 2001)
 Many LGBT individuals find themselves surrounded by and exposed to
homophobic/-heterosexist remarks and/or derogatory statements and actions
throughout the course of their education. Sadly, many of these remarks and
discriminatory acts are ignored by educational administrators and educators.
Without direct counter to these oppressive acts and damaging remarks, LGBT
individuals find themselves isolated and feeling at risk with no safe space or
support system to turn to should they become the target of anti-Gay activity
(Morrison & L’ Heureux, 2001).

 Many institutions of higher education not only ignore sexual minorities, they also
do not provide the safe environment that young LGBT individuals are searching
for and sadly many institutions perpetuate the oppression and
disenfranchisement of sexual minority populations. Sexual minority students are
still found to “suffer the consequences of intolerance” (Sanlo, 2004,).

 There is a clear relationship between students’ ability to feel connected to their

educational experience and their ability to succeed academically (Tinto, 1975,
1982, 1988).

 The literature also suggested that there is a connection between students’

relationships with their teachers and their academic success (Cornelius-White,
2007; McCombs, 2004).

 LGBT has become a widely accepted designation for minority based on sexual
and gender orientation. All members of these subgroups are subject to similar
prejudices rooted in beliefs and traditions about sexuality and gender. LGBT
people, as members of a social minority group, are suffering from various form of
socioeconomic and cultural injustice. The lacks of social recognition has an effect
on the capacity of LGBT people to fully access and enjoy their rights as a
citizens. They are more likely to experience intolerance, discrimination,
harassment, and the threat of the violence due to their sexual orientation, than
those that identify themselves as heterosexual. Highlighting some major
problems faced by LGBT people across the world is the theme of the article.
Chatterjee Subhrajit

 This research paper analysis the homosexual marriages in the Indian context as
an invisible conflict which is successfully kept under cover. It also attempts to
describe and explain various aspects of homosexuality including the evolution,
the reasons, the societal attitude and reactions towards such relations. The
author also draws insight from the countries where homosexual marriages are
legalized and highlights their outcome out of legalizing homosexual relations. At
the end talking fair and strong arguments both in favors and in against the author
concludes about the possibility of legalizing homosexual marriages in India
based on empirical and theoretical facts and evidences.
 This study focused specifically on the impact of religious commitment, previous
training, and race in regards to homophobic and transphobic attitudes. Of those
variables, religious commitment and race were found to be significantly
correlated to these attitudes. It has also become clear that the effects of the
training must be more closely scrutinized in terms of how it impacts social worker
attitudes and perceptions. This information, in conjunction with the best practices
and guidelines set forth by the NASW and the CWLA, will give agencies and
individual practitioners the tools needed to truly advocate for LGBT youth who
find themselves in their care.
(Louisiana, 2012)

 The paper is an attempt towards queering Indian sociology by incorporating the

perspective of the hitherto ignored "publics"- the sexual minorities whose lives
are waiting to be recognized as a "sub-field" in South Asian Sociology. It also
dispels the myth that alternative sexual orientation is a purely western idea and
issues of "erotic justice" are alien to Indian and South Asian cultures. Further,
queering here is not equated with only protest through queer art, avant-grade
experimentation and life-style identity politics but includes a "critical sexuality
perspective" which foreground experience of subaltern sexual subjects like
"working class lesbians", hijaras and kothis to map the agenda of sexual
transformation and erotic justice. In this sense, the LGBT movement has to be
critiqued for not engaging with the issue of caste and class. The paper seeks to
broader the concept of "erotic justice" by delineating and emphasizing its
connections with class, caste and global politics of sexual liberation

 Anchorage LGBT discrimination survey: Final report by Melissa S. Green

The Anchorage LGBT Discrimination Survey came about as a result of a
perceived need for quantifiable data on the incidence of discrimination against
lesbians, gay, bisexual, and transgender, (LGBT) individuals in the Municipality
of Anchorage. It represents the first effort since the late 1980s to compile
rigorous data about the incidence of sexual orientation bias and discrimination in
Anchorage and the first effort ever to document Anchorage or Alaska-specific
data about discrimination and bias on the basis of gender identity and
expression. The Anchorage LGBT Discrimination Survey was conducted in
January through March (2011) its key findings on the violence, intimidation, and
discrimination experienced in the Municipality of Anchorage by its 268 lesbian,
gay, bisexual, and transgender respondents were previously reported in the
preliminary report (Green, 2011).
References

Famimpopgroup2 (2015) Filipino Culture and Sexual Identities

Grant, et al., (2009) Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender

(LGBT)

Lourdes D. Follins et al., (2014) The Gay Fathers

Researcher, Among Thousands of LBGTQ Teens, A survey finds a anxiety and

fears about safety. Department of Sociology ( The University of Burdwan) and
Teacher, Usatpur S. High School, East Medinipur, W.B., India.

The homosexuality in India- The Invicible Conflict, Anuradha Parasar,

Department of Policy Science, National Law University N-H.-65, Nagour Road
Manodre, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Lousiana Social Workers: A Study on Attitude toward LGBT youth. Rachel O’Pry,
B.A., Louisana State University , 2010, May 2012