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After completing compulsory education, students have a number of choices. There are
many different kinds of institutions for study from 15 to 18, including standard high schools
offering general education, as well as agricultural, industrial, and commercial high schools.
It is also possible to study for a high school diploma at night school or via correspondence
while working. There are five-year kōtō senmon gakkō (colleges of technology) too, which
combine general education with specialist technical training. In Japan, 98.1% of junior high
school graduates continue their education in one of the above ways.
New kinds of schools have emerged recently, such as combined junior high and high
schools, which attract students with their six-year programs and thorough preparation for
university entrance examinations. Another trend, which may be a sign of changing times
and more parents being posted overseas, is the increasing number of schools catering to
children who have completed part of their education abroad. Examples include
International Christian University High School, where 70% of the student body are
returnees.
At the higher education level, there are universities with four-year programs, two-year
colleges, and senmon gakkō (vocational colleges) with programs lasting two or more years.
After graduating from university, it is also possible to spend another two years in specialist
studies for a master’s degree or three or more years for a doctorate.
For high school graduates who have particular careers in mind, senmon gakkō are a popular
choice. Different institutions offer a wide range of subjects including nursing, cookery,
agriculture, civil engineering and construction, anime, linguistics, design, video games, film
and theater, and sports. Some have even built up an international reputation, such as Mode
Gakuen, which specializes in fashion; HAL, which specializes in anime and games; and
Kuwasawa Design School.
It is not uncommon for people to attend senmon gakkō to earn specialist qualifications
while also studying at university or working. In some cases, companies may pay the tuition
fees to boost their employees’ technical knowledge.
ESCUELAS SECUNDARIAS Y EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Recientemente han surgido nuevos tipos de escuelas, como las escuelas secundarias y
secundarias combinadas, que atraen a los estudiantes con sus programas de seis años y una
preparación completa para los exámenes de ingreso a la universidad. Otra tendencia, que
puede ser un signo de un cambio en los tiempos y de que se publiquen más padres en el
extranjero, es el número creciente de escuelas que atienden a niños que han completado
parte de su educación en el extranjero. Los ejemplos incluyen International Christian
University High School, donde el 70% del cuerpo estudiantil son retornados.
Para los graduados de secundaria que tienen carreras particulares en mente, senmon gakkō
es una opción popular. Las diferentes instituciones ofrecen una amplia gama de temas que
incluyen enfermería, cocina, agricultura, ingeniería civil y construcción, anime, lingüística,
diseño, videojuegos, cine y teatro, y deportes. Algunos incluso han adquirido una
reputación internacional, como Mode Gakuen, que se especializa en moda; HAL, que se
especializa en anime y juegos; y la Escuela de Diseño Kuwasawa.
No es raro que las personas asistan a senmon gakkō para obtener calificaciones de
especialistas mientras estudian en la universidad o trabajan. En algunos casos, las empresas
pueden pagar las tasas de matrícula para aumentar el conocimiento técnico de sus
empleados.