Report On G+6 Blding PDF

Structural design of a G+6 building @ Mekelle as senior project
Table of contents
Table of contents........................................................................................................................ i
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................... i
Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... ii
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter-I ................................................................................................................................... 2
1. Wind load analysis and design.............................................................................................. 2
1.1 Roof analysis and design ................................................................................................ 2
a) Roof1 ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.20 Wind pressure ............................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 External wind pressure............................................................................................. 4
1.2.2 Internal wind pressures ........................................................................................... 6
b) Roof – 2 ........................................................................................................................ 8
Wind pressure ................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Transfer of wind loads to purlins .................................................................................. 10
1.3.1 Load combinations................................................................................................. 10
1.4 Design of purlin ............................................................................................................ 12
1.4.1 Design actions ........................................................................................................ 12
1.4.2 Sectional properties................................................................................................ 12
A. check for deflection.................................................................................................... 12
B. check for deflection.................................................................................................... 13
C. check for shear ........................................................................................................... 13
D. check for bearing (compression perpendicular to grain) ........................................... 13
E. check for lateral deflection ......................................................................................... 14
1.5 Truss analysis and design.............................................................................................. 14
1.5.1 Loading .................................................................................................................. 14
A. Reaction forces........................................................................................................... 14
B. self weight .................................................................................................................. 14
1.5.2 Truss analysis......................................................................................................... 16
1.5.3 Analysis results ...................................................................................................... 17
1.6 Design of truss members............................................................................................... 18
A. rafter ........................................................................................................................... 18
B. horizontal chord.......................................................................................................... 18
C. Vertical members ....................................................................................................... 18
1.7 Wind load on flat slabs ................................................................................................. 19
1.7.1Flat slab for G+1 floor ............................................................................................ 19
wind pressure .................................................................................................................. 19
1.7.2 Flat slab @ +25.7 level .......................................................................................... 20
Chapter-2................................................................................................................................. 22
2.1 Slab analysis and design ................................................................................................... 22
1. Depth for deflection ........................................................................................................ 22
2. Loading ........................................................................................................................... 22
3. Analysis........................................................................................................................... 22
4. Moment Adjustments...................................................................................................... 23
4.1 support adjustment .................................................................................................... 23
4.2 span adjustment......................................................................................................... 23
Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 i
5. Load transfer to frames ................................................................................................... 23
1. Mezzanine@3.00m ......................................................................................................... 24
2.0 Mezzanine@3.60 .......................................................................................................... 28
3. First floor slab ................................................................................................................. 33
4.0 Second floor slab........................................................................................................... 42
5.0 Third, fourth, and fifth floor slabs ................................................................................ 48
6.0 6th floor level................................................................................................................ 54
7.0 slab around the lift shaft -one way slab ........................................................................ 60
9.Flat roof for the stair case cover ...................................................................................... 61
10 Reinforcement bars for the slabs.................................................................................... 62
11.0 Bar cutoff and bar splices (slabs)................................................................................ 67
12.0 Lap length ................................................................................................................... 67
2.2 Stair case analysis and design ....................................................................................... 69
A. stair 1.......................................................................................................................... 69
B. stair 2 .......................................................................................................................... 69
C. stair 3 .......................................................................................................................... 70
Chapter 3................................................................................................................................. 74
Earth quake analysis ............................................................................................................... 74
3.1 Determination of design earth quake force ................................................................... 74
3.2 Calculations center of mass and center of stiffness ...................................................... 75
3.2.1 Roof level............................................................................................................... 75
3.2.2 6th floor level.......................................................................................................... 76
3.2.3 2nd , 3rd ,4th & 5th floor levels ................................................................................ 79
3.2.4 First floor level....................................................................................................... 82
3.2.5 Mezzanine levels................................................................................................... 86
3.2.6 Ground floor level................................................................................................ 89
3.2.7 Foundation ............................................................................................................. 91
3.3 Determination of the center of mass ............................................................................ 92
3.4 Distribution of base shear over height of a building..................................................... 93
3.5 Determination of the center of stiffness........................................................................ 93
3.5.1 Determination of D-values of frames .................................................................... 93
3.6 Computation of direct shear forces, Qi ....................................................................... 119
3.7 Shear correction factors for torsion........................................................................... 123
3.8 Final total lateral forces .............................................................................................. 127
3.9 the Later loads............................................................................................................. 129
Chapter 4............................................................................................................................... 141
Beam and column analysis and design ................................................................................. 141
4.1 Beam design and analysis for flexure ......................................................................... 141
4.1.1 Design information .............................................................................................. 141
4.1.2 Depth for deflection ............................................................................................. 142
4.1.3 Checking the section for flexure using design chart ............................................ 142
4.2 Design of beams for shear and torsion........................................................................ 151
4.2.1 Shear design ......................................................................................................... 151
4.2.2 Torsion design...................................................................................................... 151
4.2.3 Combined actions................................................................................................. 152
4.3. Shear and torsion reinforcement ................................................................................ 153
4.3.1 Shear reinforcement ............................................................................................. 154
4.3.2 Torsion ................................................................................................................. 159
4.3.1 Shear reinforcement ............................................................................................. 165
Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 ii

4.4 Anchorage length and laps for beams ......................................................................... 166
4.5 Column analysis and design........................................................................................ 169
4.5.1 Design procedures................................................................................................ 169
4.5.2 Determination of the effective length .................................................................. 172
4.5.3 Check for sway mode........................................................................................... 173
4.5.4 Check slenderness ratio........................................................................................ 174
4.5.5 Check for long or short column condition and consideration of the second order
effects............................................................................................................................ 174
4.5.6 Determination of the total eccentricity. ............................................................... 175
4.5.7 Reinforcement bars determination ....................................................................... 178
4.5.8 Transverse bars for columns ................................................................................ 178
4.5.9 Lap length for columns ........................................................................................ 179
CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................................... 180
5. Foundation design............................................................................................................. 180
5.1 Loading ....................................................................................................................... 180
5.2 Proportioning of footing ............................................................................................. 180
5.3 Depth determination.................................................................................................... 181
5.3.1 Punching shear ................................................................................................... 181
5.4 Reinforcement............................................................................................................. 185
5.4.3 Development length ............................................................................................. 187
Conclusion and recommendation.......................................................................................... 188
Sap 2000 results for selected axes ........................................................................................ 189
A) for columns on the selected axis .............................................................................. 189
B) for beams on selected axis ....................................................................................... 194
Reference materials............................................................................................................... 199
Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 iii

Acknowledgement
First, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks and gratitude to our advisor
Ato Yonas Teklehaimanot (Msc.) for he gave us fundamental project work on the
structural design of a G+six building. We also want to thank him for his dedication
and time devotion on guiding us how to proceed and for his uninterrupted advice during
the progress of the project work. Our work could have been in vain in his absence.
We have also grasped a good exposure of the practical world during the course of his
advice.
We are also thankful to Mohammed Abdela and Girum Yimer for their
willingness to give us their office where we did our project.
Finally, we are indebted to the department of civil engineering on providing us the
necessary materials and computer rooms to accomplish our project in advance and
properly.
Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 i

Abstract
This project deals about the structural analysis and design of a G+6 building considering all
the external and external effects according to EBCS, 1995. It has five chapters and the
contents and the duties accomplished in each chapter is explained below.
The first chapter deals about the wind load analysis and design on roofs and flat slabs. The
external wind pressure coming from different directions were collected and transferred to
frames according to EBCS, 1995.We divided the roof of the building into two parts and each
of its truss members made of timber were designed as elopements resisting axial forces.
The second chapter focuses on the analysis and design of slabs and staircases. All the slabs
are solids and two-way slabs. The depths of all the slabs are made the same for construction
simplicity and reinforcement of each is determined using EBCS2, 1995.
The third chapter is about the calculation of lateral forces particularly earthquakes loads.
The weight of the building was computed by considering all elements from small to large.
The centre of mass and centre of stiffness were computed by assuming preliminary sections.
Finally, by accounting the tensional effects, the lateral forces were distributed to each floor
and subsequently to frame joints according to their stiffness.
The fourth chapter deals on the analysis and design of the frame of the structure. It was
analyzed using SAP2000 as space frame taking five combinations for the existing lateral and
vertical loads. Therefore, the beams and columns were designed using the loads obtained
from analysis by taking the worst effect.
Finally, the last chapter focuses on foundation design of the structure. We took the design
bearing capacity of the weathered rock from EBCS-7 recommended for different soils and
rocks. It was designed as square footing by considering two worst load combinations to
support and safely distribute all the actions coming from the super structure.
Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 ii

INTRODUCTION
Building structures are solids, which are composed of architectural and structural parts. The
structural part of the building supports the body of the building preventing it from any
collapse or failure. Therefore, structural design involves the determination of the different
sections of the skeletal part of the building to make it stable and sustainable through out its
design life.
A structural design is executed in such a way that the building will remain fit with
appropriate degrees of reliability and in an economic way. It should sustain all the actions
and influences during execution and use. Therefore, structural design focuses on structural
safety and serviceability with due durability. It must also optimize the cost expended in
building the structure and maintenance.
This structural design is executed based on the Ethiopian Building Code of Practice (EBCS)
prepared in 1995 E.C. This code follows the Limit State design approach. Limit state is a
state beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the design performance requirements. It
consists of two states namely Ultimate Limit and serviceability Limit states. Ultimate Limit
states are conditions related with collapse or states prior to structural failure. Its main concern
is the safety of structure and people. Serviceability Limit states are those associated to
conditions beyond which a structure does not accomplish specified service requirements. It is
mainly concerned about the function of construction works, comfort of people, and
appearance.
The prime objective of design is structural safety and serviceability. Incase the structure fails,
it must be in such a way it will minimize risks and casualty. It must extend the time for
evacuation of people inside a building. This requirement of structural design is accomplished
by the principle called ductility. Ductility allows yielding of steel reinforcement prior to the
collapse of the building. Yielding of steel bars warns the start of failure of a structure or its
part. Therefore, structures are designed to be under reinforced by certain percent to assure
ductility mode of failure if it happens.
This G+6 building is located in Mekelle city around Hawelti. The soil type is weathered rock
limestone. The building compartments consist of banks, restaurants, offices etc. Therefore, it
is designed according to EBCS 1 to 8, 1995 to fulfill the required functions and service of its
parts.
This structure is designed for 50 years design lifetime. Prior to designed, the structure was
analyzed as space frame using SAP2000 to collect all the actions for each structure. Finally,
the structural members such as roof, stairs, beams, columns, footings are designed using limit
state design approach stated in EBCS published in 1995.
Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 1

Chapter-I
1. Wind load analysis and design
Wind as a moving air has an effect on effect on building structures. We use the knowledge of
fluid mechanics to understand the effect of wind on building structures. Wind actions
fluctuate with time, hence its effect on different situations and structures should be carefully
analyzed.
Wind act directly on the external surfaces of enclosed structures, through porosity of the
external surface, internal surface through opening. Wind pressure act on areas of the surfaces
producing forces perpendicular to the surface of the structure or on individual cladding
components.
The effect of wind on structures is significant on light and dynamic structures. It does have
considerable effect on vertically standing walls, columns and beams etc. there fore; its effect
can be easily studied on roof structures such as truss structures and flat slabs. Therefore, our
analysis on wind load actions and its design will focus on roofs analysis and design and
calculation of wind forces on flat slabs.
Method of analysis
There are two methods for wind load analysis, namely, the quasi-static method and detailed
dynamic analysis. The former is applied to structures whose structural properties do not make
them susceptible to dynamic exaltation. The latter is applied to structures which are likely to
be susceptible to dynamic excitation.
The choice of the above two methods depends on the value of the structure of their dynamic
coefficient he dynamic coefficient depends on the type of structure, the height of the
structure and its breadth.
The quasi-static method is used for structures whose Cd value is less or equal to 1.2.
For our case the building variables are:
 Height of building =25.7m
 Width of building =13m
From figure 3.7 of EBCS-1, 1995, the value of the dynamic coefficient of this building is;
Cd=0.98.that is Cd<1.2 and height of the building is less than 200m, this implies that the
simple procedure of EBCS (quasi-static) method of analysis the appropriate method. This is
used for wind load analysis and roof design.
1.1 Roof analysis and design

The building is located in Mekelle city where there are some buildings around. Therefore
according to EBCS-1, 1995, it belongs to terrain category IV.
The variables for terrain category IV are:
 Terrain factor, KT = 0.24

 Minimum height, Zmin = 16m
 Roughness length, Zo = 1m

The area where the building is going to be placed has an altitude of 2010m, for which its air
density is, ρ =0.94 Kg/m3 (table 3.1, EBCS-1, 1995).
Out of the different types of roofs, we selected a duo pitched roof with a pitch angle 15 0.
There are two directions of winds to the roof.
 Wind perpendicular to the ridge (θ=00).
 Wind parallel to the ridge (θ=900).
a) Roof1
A. Wind perpendicular (normal) to the ridge (θ=00).
1.7
24
Wind @ θ=0
Fig-1 wind direction @ θ=00

1.20 Wind pressure

1.2.1 External wind pressure
Wind pressure is computed as:
We = qref Ce (Ze) Cpe (Ze)
Where: qref = reference mean wind velocity pressure
Ce (Ze) = exposure coefficient
Z= reference height defined in appendix A of EBCS-1, 1995
Cpe= external pressure coefficient, and

qref= V 2 ref
2
Where:
Vref is the reference wind velocity defined in section 3.7.2, ρ is the air density
The reference wind velocity is computed as
Vref = CDIR CTEMPCALTVref,o
Where:
Vref,0 is the basic volume of the wind velocity to be taken as 22m/s
VDIR is the direction factor to be taken as 1.0
CTEMP is the temporary (seasonal) factor to be taken as 1.0
CALT is the altitude factor as 1.0
Vref = 1*1*1*22=22m/s
qref = ½*0.94*222 = 227.5N/m2 =0.2275KN/m2
Pressure coefficients
A. For wind direction perpendicular to the ridge
H J I
G
F
 b=13m
 h=25.7m
 d=12.5m

Ce(Z)=Cr2(Z) Ct2(Z)[1+7kT/ (Cr(Z) Ct(Z))]

Where Cr(Z) is the roughness coefficient as defined in section 3.8.3 of EBCS-1
Ct(Z) is the topographic coefficient as defined in section 3.8.4 of EBCS-1
-for our building no escarpments or hills are located around and therefore C t(Z) =1.00
- the roughness coefficient at a height Z is defined by
Cr(Z)=KTln (Z/Z0) for Zmin ≤Z≤200m
Cr(Z)= Cr (Zmin) forZ≤Zmin
From above KT=0.24 Zo=1 Zmin=16m and Z=25.7 > Zmin
Therefore, Cr(Z)=KTln (Z/Z0) =0.78

Ce(Z)=Cr2(Z) Ct2(Z)[1+7kT/ (Cr(Z) Ct(Z))]=1.92
Dividing the roof into zones

To calculate the external and internal wind pressure coefficients, Cpe and Cpi, we divide the
roof into the following zones. The magnitude of the coefficients depends on the loaded area
of the roof. Different zones of the loaded area are subjected to different magnitude. The Cpe
values are denoted below
Cpe = Cpe, 1 A≤1m2
Cpe = Cpe, 1+ (Cpe, 10-Cpe, 1) logA 1m2<A<10m2
Cpe = Cpe, 10
A≥10m2
I. External pressure coefficient, Cpe
e = b or 2h (which ever is greater)

b = 13m & 2h = 2*25.7 = 51.4m
Therefore e = 13m
Area of each zone
F = 3.25*1.3 = 4.23m2<10 m2
G = 6.5*1.3 = 8.45m2<10 m2
J = 1.3*13 = 16.9m2>10 m2
I = 4.95*13 = 64.35m2>10 m2
H = 4.95*13 = 64.35m2>10 m2

From EBCS-1, 1995 table A4 there are two cases where the roof zones are subjected to wind
actions.
These are when zones F, G, H are subjected to pressure and suction.
Case I when Zones F, G, H subjected to suction

The Cpe, 1 and Cpe, 10 values for a roof of 150 inclinations is tabulated below
Table 1
Zone F G H I J
Cpe, Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,1 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10
1 0
Cpe -2 -0.9 -1.5 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -1.5 -1.0
Cpe -1.3 -0.85 -0.3 -0.4 -1.0
Pressure 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.4 -1.0
We = .2275*1.92*Cpe(ze) = 0.44Cpe KN/m2
1.2.2 Internal wind pressures

The pressure coefficients except the internal pressure coefficients are similar to the above
computations.
The fore Wi = 0.2275*1.92Cpi (zi).
For closed buildings with internal partitions and openings windows, the extreme values of
internal pressure coefficients are
Cpi = 0.8 for internal pressure
Cpi = -0.5 for internal suction
The net pressure for the roof is therefore is given by Wnet = We±Wi
The worst case for the roof will be when the internal wind action is pressure. That is when
Cpi = 0.8
Wnet = 0.44(Cpe-Cpi)
Table 2
Zone F G H I J
Cpe -1.3 -0.85 -0.3 -0.4 -1.0
Cpi +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8
Cpe- Cpi -2.1 -1.65 -1.1 -1.2 -1.8
2
Wnet(KN/m ) -0.924 -0.726 -0.484 -0.528 -0.792
Case II) when zones F,G,H are subjected to pressure

In this case , the worst effect will be when the internal wind action suction. That is when
Cpi=-0.5
Table 3
Zone F G H I J
Cpe 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.4 -1.0
Cpi -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5
Cpe- Cpi 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.1 -0.5
Wnet .31 0.31 0.31 0.04 -0.22
As it can be seen from table 2 and 3, the greatest wind actions are :
The largest suction = -0.924KN/m2
The largest pressure = 0.31KN/m2
B. wind parallel to the ridge (θ=900)

For wind direction parallel to the ridge, the analysis is similar to wind perpendicular to the
ridge.
As usual dividing the roof into pressure zones.
F
H I
wind((θ=900) G
H
G
I
F
1.25m 5m 6.25m
b= 12.5m
h = 25.7m
e=b= 12.5 or 2h= 2*25.7=51.4 which ever is greater
Therefore e = 12.5m
Computing the corresponding pressure for each zone as in the steps followed above.
Table 4
Zone F G H I
Area 4.06 3.9 31.25 42.20

Cpe -1.57 -1.59 -0.6 -0.5
Cpi +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8
Cpe-Cpi -2.37 -2.39 -1.4 -1.3
Wnet (KN/m2) -1.04 -1.05 -0.62 -0.57

b) Roof – 2
1.7m
Wind @ θ=00
24m
12.5m
Wind pressure
The pressure coefficients remain the same as for roof-1
Cr (z) = 0.78
Ce (z) = 1.92
A) Wind direction normal to the ridge
Using e=b=15m or e = 2h =51.4m, e = 15m (smaller of the two)
H J I
G
1.5m 4.75m 1.5m 4.75m

Table 5
zone F G H I J
Area(m2) 5.625 11.25 71.25 22.5 71.25
Cpe -1.18 +0.2 -0.8 +0.2 -0.3 +0.2 -0.4 - -1 -
Cpi +0.8 -0.5 +0.8 -0.5 +0.8 -0.5 +0.8 - +0.8 -
Cpe-Cpi -1.98 +0.7 -1.6 0.7 -1.1 0.7 -1.2 - -1.8 -
Wnet(KN/m2) -0.87 0.31 -0.7 0.31 -0.48 0.31 -0.53 - -0.72 -
The above table is calculated for the cases that F, G and H are in suction and pressure.
There are two cases to take for the internal pressure.
A) When F, G and H are subjected in suction
Taking Cpi = +0.8 (worst Case)
Wnet = We – Wi = 0.44 (Cpe-Cpi)
The maximum wind suction for the above table is -0.87KN/m2.
A) when F, G and H are subjected in pressure
Taking Cpi = -0.5(worst case)
The maximum wind pressure is 0.31KN/m2.
B. Wind direction parallel to the ridge

Roof zoning
For e=b or 2h where b=12.5m and h=25.7m

e = 12.5m
F 3.13m
Wind
H I
G
6.25m
H
G
I
F
3.13m
1.25m 5m 8.75m

The external pressure coefficients as read from EbCS-1, 1995 table A4 are tabulated below.
Table 6
Zone F G H I
Area 3.90 3.9 31.25 54.69

Cpe -1.59 -1.59 -0.6 0.5
Cpi +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8
Cpe-Cpi -2.39 -2.39 -1.4 -1.3
Wnet(KN/m2) -1.05 -1.05 -0.62 -0.57
From the above computations, the maximum suction on the roof is -1.05KN/m2.
and the maximum pressure is 0.31KN/m2.
For both roofs the design wind action is when wind direction is parallel to the ridge (@
θ=900)
And Wdsign =1.05KN/m2 uniformly distributed suction
=0.31KN/m2 uniformly distributed pressure.
1.3 Transfer of wind loads to purlins

For purlin we take a trial section of 5*7cm2
 maximum suction = 1.05KN/m2.
 Maximum pressure =0.31KN/m2.
 Weight of corrugated iron sheet (G-28) = unit weight*thickness
= 76KN/m3*0.000397m
= 0.03KN/m2.
 Self weight of purlin = unit weight * cross sectional area of purlin

=6*5*6*0.0001
=0.02KN/m
 Live load :according to ebcs3 page ---------, there are two cases of live loads
a) distributed =0.25KN/m2.
b) concentrated load = 1K
1.3.1 Load combinations

1) pressure + dead load +live load (distributed)
2) pressure + dead load +live load (concentrated)
3) suction + dead load
 comb-1
Q1=0.31KN/m2 *c/c purlin spacing+1.3(0.03*c/c purlin+0.02)
+1.6*0.25
=0.31*0.90*+1.3(0.03*0.90+0.02) +1.6*0.25
=0.74KN/m
 comb-2
Q2=0.31KN/m2 *c/c purlin spacing+1.3(0.03*c/c purlin+0.02
with point load at mid span
=0.31*0.90*+1.3(0.03*0.90+0.02)
=0.34KN/m with Qk=1KN*1.6=1.6KN

 comb-3
Q3=-1.05KN/m2 *c/c purlin spacing+1.3(0.03*c/c purlin+0.02)
=-1.05*0.90*+1.3(0.03*0.90+0.02)
=-0.88KN/m
For the two roofs
Roof -1 truss spacing =1.30m
Roof -2 truss spacing =1.50m
From the above two roofs roof -2 will be critical and it is the design roof
For a critical case the purlin is assumed to be simply supported with span length is equal to
1.50m.
For the different load combinations
1) load comb-1
0.75KN/m 0.75KN/m
1.5m 1.5m
Reaction = (0.75*1.5/2)*2=1.13KN
Bending moment=wl2/8=0.75*1.52/8=0.21KNM
2) load comb-2
1.60KN
1.60KN
0.34KN/m 0.34KN/m
Reaction = (0.34*1.5/2+1.6*/2)*2=2.11KN
Bending moment=wl2/8+pl/4=0.34*1.52/8+1.6*1.5/4=0.70KNM
3) load comb-3
0.88KN/m 0.88KN/m
Reaction = (0.88*1.5/2)*2=1.32KN
Bending moment=wl2/8=0.88*1.52/8=0.25KNM
There fore, the actions for the design of the truss, the loads transferred to truss joints are two
2.11KN/m ( down wards)
1.32KN/m ( up wards)
There fore two truss configurations

1.4 Design of purlin
We selected zigba tree for our truss. It is a conifer tree of C-30 with the following strength
characteristics.
Strength properties of Class C-30
 Bending strength, fmk = 30N/mm2
 compressive perpendicular to grain , fc,90k = 5.7N/mm2
 Shear parallel to grain , fvk = 3.0N/mm2
 Modulus of elasticity, Yeoman = 12000N/mm2
1.4.1 Design actions

From the purlin analysis above, the maximum actions are given below.
 Maximum bending moment , M = 0.7KNm
 Maximum shear ,V = 0.76KN
1.4.2 Sectional properties

We took a purlin section of 50*70 mm as a trial. Its sectional properties are:
H=70mm
B=50mm
Span length of purlin member is 1.3m
A = 50mm*70mm = 3500mm2
Moment of inertia, I = bh3/12 = 1.43*106mm4
Zy = b*h2/6 = 50*702/6 = 40.83*103mm3γ
A. check for deflection

Therefore the design stress is computed by:
σm,y,d = My/Zy = 0.7*106/40.83*103 = 17.144 N/mm2
fm,y,d = Kh*Kls*Kmod*fm,k/γm
Since h<150mm, Kh = (150/h)0.2 = (150/70)0.2 = 1.165
Since the trusses satisfy the condition of for load shearing system. Kls = 1.1
γm = 1.3 for ULS ………………class II
Assuming the average moisture of timber purlin doesn’t exceed 20% and for domestic
dwelling the critical condition , duration class = permanent . kmod = 0.6
fm,y,d = 1.165*1.1*0.6*30/1.3 = 17.74 N/mm2
Therefore :
σm,y,d/ fm,y,d = 17.144/17.74 = 0.966<1. Ok.

B. check for deflection

 Check for U2inst ( γf =1 for SLs)
 Imposed load q = 0.88KN/m
 U2inst = 5qL4/(384EI) + 12qL2/(EA)
= 5*0.88*15004/(384*12*103*1.43*106)+ 12*0.88*15002/(12*103*3500)
= 3.946mm
Permissible value of standard deflection
U2inst ≤L/300 = 1500/300 = 5mm>3.946mm OK.
 Check for U2 fin
U2 fin = U2inst (1+Kdlf)
Kdlf for permanent load and service class 2 is 0.8
U2 fin = 3.946*1.8 = 7.10mm
Permissible final deflection should be less than L/200
L/200 = 1500/200 = 7.5mm>7.1mm OK.
C. check for shear

Design shear is computed by
τ = 3Vd/(2A) = 3*1.055/(2*3500mm2) = 0.452 N/mm2
fv,d = KLs*Kmod*fv,k/ γm = 1.1*0.6*0.3/1.3 = 1.523 N/mm2>0.452 N/mm2 OK.
D. check for bearing (compression perpendicular to grain)

Taking the bearing diameter of rafter to be 100mm:
f c,90,d = Kls*Kmod*fc,90,k/ γm =1.1*0.6*5.7/1.3 = 2.894 N/mm2

Kc,90 for l1 = 1500-100 = 1400mm, a =0, l = 100mm
l1= 1400>150, a = 0<100

Kc,90 = 1
 σ,90,d =design force/bearing area, bearing area = 50mm*100mm =5000mm2
= 2.11*103/5000 = 0.422 N/mm2 <2.894 N/mm2

E. check for lateral deflection

Strength properties
fm,k = 30 N/mm2+
Eo,mean = 12*103 N/mm2√
Eo,05 = 8*103 N/mm2
G,mean = 0.75*103 N/mm2
λrel,m = √(lef *h*fm,k/(∏*b2* Eo,05*√( Eo,mean/ G,mean)
where Lef/L = 0.95
Lef = 0.95*L =0.95*1500 = 1425mm.
λrel,m = √(1425*70*30/(3.14*502*8*103*√12*103/0.75*103)
= 0.406
There fore ,Kinst = 1 for λrel,m <0.75
2
The buckling strength ,fm,d = 17.74 N/mm
σ, m,d = 3.673 N/mm2<17.74 N/mm2
1.5 Truss analysis and design

1.5.1 Loading
A. Reaction forces
There are two truss roofs in this building. But the spacing of trusses is the same for both.
From the above analysis of purlin, the reaction forces transferred to truss joints are.
 2.11 KN in pressure
 1.32 KN in suction
B. self weight
 Diameter of truss members = 10 cm

Area = 3.14/4*(0.1)2 = 0.008m2

Assuming the weight of truss members to be located at the junction of the vertical
members and the horizontal members.

Unit weight of eucalyptus member is 8.5KN/m2

Table 7
Name of Length Area (m2) Unit weight Weight (KN)
member (KN/m3)
A 0.9 0.008 8.5 0.061
B 0.9. 0.008 8.5 0.061
C 0.9 0.008 8.5 0.061
D 0.9 0.008 8.5 0.061
E 0.9 0.008 8.5 0.061
F 0.9 0.008 8.5 0.061
G 1.07 0.008 8.5 0.073
H 0.234 0.008 8.5 0.016
I 0.468 0.008 8.5 0.032
J 0.702 0.008 8.5 0.048
K 0.963 0.008 8.5 0.064
L 1.17 0.008 8.5 0.08
M 1.404 0.008 8.5 0.095
N 1.70 0.008 8.5 0.116
O 0.9 0.008 8.5 0.061
P 0.99 0.008 8.5 0.067
Q 1.12 0.008 8.5 0.076
R 1.28 0.008 8.5 0.087
S 1.46 0.008. 8.5 0.099
T 1.652 0.008 8.5 0.112
U 0.87 0.008 8.5 0.059
V 0.87 0.008 8.5 0.059
W 0.87 0.008 8.5 0.059
X 0.87 0.008 8.5 0.059
Y 0.87 0.008 8.5 0.059
Z 0.87 0.008 8.5 0.059
A 1.034 0.008 8.5 0.07
Load designation Weight (KN)

W1 0.06
W2 0.17
W3 0.22
W4 0.24
W5 0.27
W6 0.3
W7 0.32
W8 0.36

1.5.2 Truss analysis

The weight of the truss members combined with the joint loads was analyzed in two cases.
That is when wind acts upwards ( suction ) and down wards (pressure).
A. Down ward action
B. upward action

1.5.3 Analysis results

Using the two cases of loading, it was analyzed using sap2000 &the resulting axial force in
the members is indicated below.
 Positive values indicate tension
 Negative values indicate compression
Case A
Case B

1.6 Design of truss members

From the two loadings on trusses the maximum tension and compression from the axial force
diagram are selected as:
A. rafter
P = 8.79 KN (tension)
P = -14.49 KN (compression)
Trial section of rafter, diameter = 10 cm

Area = 7854 mm2
Using eucalyptus tree of class C-30
Material properties
Parallel tension, ft.o,k = 18 N/mm2
Parallel compression , fc,o,k = 23 N/mm2
Members subjected to axial compression or tension are designed using the following
expression provided that there no tendency for buckling.
σc,o,d ≤ fc,o,d or σt,o,d ≤ft,o,d
Where, σc,o,d = design compression capacity
fc,o,d = design compression force
σc,o,d = axial force /area = 14.493*103/(7854) = 1.84<<23 N/mm2 OK.
σt,o,d = axial force /area = 8.79*103/(7854 = 1.12 <<18 N/mm2 OK
B. horizontal chord
p = 13.97 KN(tension)
p = -8.48 KN(compression)
Trial section of rafter , diameter = 10 cm
Area = 7854 mm2
Using eucalyptus tree of class C-30, material properties mentioned above.
σc,o,d = 8.48*103/7854 = 1.08<<23 N/mm2 OK
σt,o,d = 13.97*103/(7854 = 1.78<<18 N/mm2 OK
C. Vertical members
P =7.18 KN(t)
P = -15.34 KN(C)
D. Diagonal members
P = 7.18 KN (t)
P = -9.54 KN (c)
For both vertical and diagonal members , Use eucalyptus tree of C-30 with diameter = 8mm.
Area = 5026.55mm2
σc,o,d = 15.3*103/5026.55 = 3.04<<23 N/mm2 OK
σt,o,d =19.38 *103/(5026.55 = 3.86<<18 N/mm2 OK

1.7 Wind load on flat slabs

The flat slabs on ground+1 floor and top of the stair case are subjected to wind pressure or
suction which ever is worse. In the same as roof s, the pressure actions are computed below .
1.7.1Flat slab for G+1 floor
wind pressure
We = qref*Ce(z)*Cpe(z)
qref = ½* ρ*Vref2 = 0.2275KN/m (calculated above for roof).
b = 12m
h = 8m
z = 6m
for terrain category properties, using Ebcs2, table________
KT =0.24
Zo = 1m
Zmin = 16m, Z <Zmin
 Cr(z) = KT*ln(Zmin/ Zo)n = 0.24*ln(16/1) = 0.665

 Ct(z) =1 (Unaffected by topography)
There fore, Ce(z) = 1.56
Dividing the roof into pressure zones
e =min(b=12,2h=12) ; e=12m
Area F=3.6m2
G=7.2m2
H=57.6m2
I=24.0m2

Since the edge of the eave is sharp cornered, r/h can be approximated to be zero.
Therefore, using EBCS-2 table A4 the external coefficients are calculated as follows.
Table 8
Zone F G H I
Cpe -1.222 -1.27 -0.4 -0.2 +0.2
Cpi +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 -0.5
Cpe-Cpi -2.02 -2.07 -1.20 -1.0 +0.7
Wnet -0.72 -0.73 -0.43 -0.35 +0.31
Case-1 when zone I is in suction take Cpi=+0.8
2
Wnet=-0.73KN/m ( suction -uniformly distributed)
Case-2 when zone I is in pressure take Cpi=-0.5
Wnet=+0.31KN/m2 ( pressure- uniformly distributed)
1.7.2 Flat slab @ +25.7 level
wind pressure
We = qref*Ce(z)*Cpe(z)
qref = ½* ρ*Vref2 = 0.2275KN/m (calculated above for roof).
b = 6m
h = 6m
z = 25.7m
from above roof analysis’s at a height of Z=25.7m
 Cr(Z)=0.78
 Ct(Z)=1.0
 Ce(Z)=1.92

Table 9
Zone F G H I
Area(m2) 0.9 1.8 14.4 18

Cpe -1.51 -1.65 -0.4 -0.2 +0.2
Cpi +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 -0.5
Cpe-Cpi -2.31 -2.45 -1.20 -1.0 +0.7
Wnet -1.02 -1.08 -0.53 -0.44 +0.31
Case-1 when zone I is in suction take Cpi=+0.8

Wnet=-1.08KN/m2 ( suction -uniformly distributed)
Case-2 when zone I is in pressure take Cpi=-0.5
Wnet=+0.31KN/m2 ( pressure- uniformly distributed)

Chapter-2
2.1 Slab analysis and design
There are two types of slabs based on the load transferring mechanisms. These are one way
and two way slabs.
One-way slabs transmit their load in one direction while two way slabs resist applied two
directions.
These types of slabs are composed of rectangular panels supported at all four edges by
walls or beams stiff enough to be treated as un yielding. In our case most of the slabs are two
way and need to be analyzed based on the principle of two way actions.
1. Depth for deflection

The minimum depth of a slab for deflection requirement is computed by:
d≥ (o.4+0.6fyk/400)Le/ßa
Where: Le is effective length of the slab
fyk is the characteristic tensile strength of reinforcement
ßa is ----------
2. Loading
Dead and live loads are calculated depending on the service of the slabs and self weight.
Partition loads are distributed over the of the slab if thy are not large enough to cause
localized effects. The design load are factored according to the following formula
Pd = 1.3Gk+1.6Qk
Where
Pd = design load
Gk = total dead load on slab
Qk = total live load on slab
3. Analysis
The analysis of slab moments of two way slabs is accomplished by the formula:
mi = α iPdLx2
where mi = the design moment per unit width at the point of reference
α i = the coefficient given in Table A-1 in EBCS2-1995.
Pd = the design load
Lx = the shorter span of the of the panel
Ly = is the longer span of the panel
In the following diagram the symbols stand for
s = support
f = span
x = direction of shorter span
y = direction of longer span
The actual loads at supports and spans are collected from EBCS-2, 1995 table A-1.

4. Moment Adjustments
4.1 support adjustment
For a continuous support there will be two supports which are different in magnitude. These
moments are usually different in magnitude and must be adjusted to make only one moments.
Therefore, the difference is distributed on either side of the support to Equalize their
moments.
There are two cases
A. If ∆M<20% of the larger moment ,the design moment is the average of the two.
B. If ∆M≥20% ,then the unbalanced moment is distributed based on the their stiffness.
Let ML be moment in the left
MR be the moment in the right
K the stiffness of the slabs
Therefore the design moment Md cab be calculated in either of the following formula
KR
Md  MR  * ∆M, taking the right
KR  KL
Or
KL
Md  ML  * ∆M, taking the left
KR  KL
I
Where K 
LX
4.2 span adjustment

If the moment in the adjusted support decreases, the span moment are increased to
compensate for the for the changes in the support moments. The design moments for the
spans are calculated M xd  M xf  C x ∆m
M yd  M yf  C y ∆m
Where ∆m = the change in moment in all supports.
Cx and Cy are coefficients for adjusting span moments in EBCS-2,Table A-
5. Load transfer to frames

Finally loads are transferred to beams as shear. The shear is calculated using the formula
(EBCS-2, 1995).
Vx = ßvx* Pd*Lx
Vy = ßvy* Pd*Ly
The load transfer coefficients are read from EBCS-2,1995 of Table A-3.
The design load on a beam determined in the above may be taken as the maximum shear in
the slab at of the support which will be distributed on 75% of the span of the beam. For the
sake of simplicity the load is uniformly distributed throughout the length of the beam by
multiplying the existing shear by 0.92.
For all slabs the Material data:

Concrete C-25
Steel S-300 Class I works considered

1. Mezzanine@3.00m
6.00m 6.00 m 6.00 m
1.50m
Slab 1
6.00m 6.
Slab 0
Slab 2 Slab 3 Slab 4

6.00m
Slab 5
1.50m
Fig-1.1 labeling
1. Depth requirement for deflection
d>(0.4+0.6*Fyk/300)*Le/ ßa
panel Le(mm) ßa d(mm)

0 750 10 85
1 1500 10 127.5
2 6000 35 97.14
3 6000 45 113.33
4 6000 40 127.5
5 1500 10 127.5
Therefore, the maximum depth is d=127.5mm

Over all depth D=d+Ø+cover for Ø=14mm
D=127.5+14+15
D=156.5mm
Use D=160mm; d=131mm
2.0 Loading
Panel 0 and 1
- Self weight=0.16*24=3.84KN/m2
- Terrazzo tile floor finish (2cm)=0.02*23=0.46KN/m2
- cement screed (3cm)=0.03*20=0.60KN/m2
- Partition wall = 0.2*3*14=8.4KN (concentrated)
Total Dead load, DD=4.9KN/m2 + 8.4KN
Live load, LL=5KN/m2
Design load Pd= 1.3DD+1.6LL
= 1.3*(4.9+8.4)+1.6*5
Pd = 14.37KN/m2+10.92KN
Panels 2,3,&4
Total dead load =4.9KN/m2 the same as above panels
Live load= 5.0KN/m2 the same as above panels
Design load, Pd =14.37KN/m2
Panel 5
The concentrated load is due to hand rails of steel which we consider it as equivalent 15cm
HCB wall of height one meter.
Thus, concentrated load is 0.15*1.00*12=1.8KN
Thus the design load is pd=14.37KN/m2+2.34KN
3.0 Analysis using the EBCS code provision
For the two slabs Mxi= αxi* Pd *Lx^2

For cantilever slabs M= Pd 1*Lx^2*0.5+ Pd *Lx
where Pd =distributed load and Pd = concentrated load
Panel Ratio
panel type Pd Lx Ly/Lx αxs αxf αys αyf Mxs Mxf Mys Myf
0 canti 14.37 0.75 - - - - - - - - 12.23
+10.92
1 cant 14.37 1.5 - - - - - - - - 32.55
+10.92
2 1 14.37 4 1.5 0.053 0.040 0.032 0.024 12.19 9.20 7.36 5.52
3 1 14.37 6 1 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 16.55 12.42 16.55 12.42
4 2 14.37 6 1 0.039 0.029 0.039 0.029 20.18 15.00 20.18 15.00
5 cant 14.37 1.5 - - - - - - - - 19.68
+2.34
Fig 2.2

4.0 Moment adjustment
 Between panel 1and 2
M1=32.55
M2=7.36 Md=max(32.55,7.36)=32.55
 Between panels 1and 3
M1=32.55
M3=16.55 Md =max(32.55,16.55)=32.55
M1=32.55
M4=20.18 Md =max(32.55,20.18)=32.55
 Between panels 0 and 2
M0=12.23
M2=7.36 Md =max(12.23,7.36)=12.23

M5=19.68
M2=7.36 Md =max(19.68,7.36)=19.68
M5=19.68
M3=16.55 Md =max(19.68,16.55)=19.68
M5=19.68
M4=20.18 Md =max(19.68,20.18)=20.18
M2=7.36
M3=16.55 ∆M=9.19
%=∆M/M3=9.19/16.55*100
=55.53%>20%
So it should be adjusted such that they take this change in moment by their stiffness.
Md =7.36+1/4/(1/4+1/6)*9.19
Md =12.87

M3=16.55
M4=20.18 ∆M=3.63
%=∆M/M4=3.63/20.18*100
=18%<20%
Md =M3+M4/2=18.37
4.2 span adjustment
 Panel 2
Since support moments increased, there is no span moment adjustment
 Panel 3
Md =14.81
Mi=16.55 ∆m=1.74; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
Mxd=12.42+0.38*1.74=13.08
Myd=12.42+0.28*1.74=12.91
 Panel 4
Md =18.37
Mi=20.18 ∆m=1.81; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
Mxd=15+0.38*1.81=15.69
Myd=15+0.28*1.81=15.51
Fig2.3

2.0 Mezzanine@3.60
1.0 Depth requirement for deflection
d>(0.4+0.6*Fyk/300)*Le/ ßa

6 6000 40 127.5
7 6000 40 127.5
8 3000 30 85
9 1500 10 127.5
10 3000 35 72.86
11 3000 36.67 69.54
12 1500 10 127.5
Fig 2.4

D=127.5+14+15
D=156.5mm
2.0 Loading
Panel 5
- Partition wall = 0.2*3*14=8.4KN (concentrated)
Total Dead load, DD=4.9KN/m2 + 8.4KN
= 1.3*(4.9+8.4)+1.6*5
Pd = 14.37KN/m2+10.92KN
Panels 6,7,8,10,&11
Total dead load =4.9KN/m2 the same as above panels
Live load= 5.0KN/m2 the same as above panels
Design load, Pd =14.37KN/m2

Panel 9&12
The concentrated load is due to hand rails of steel which we consider it as

equivalent 15cm HCB wall of height one meter.
Thus, concentrated load is 0.15*1.00*12=1.8KN
Thus the design load is pd=14.37KN/m2+2.34KN

Where Pd =distributed load and Pd = concentrated load
Panel Ratio
6 4 14.37 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 24.31 18.62 24.31 18.62
7 3 14.37 6 1 0.039 0.03 0.039 0.03 20.18 15.52 20.18 15.52
8 4 14.37 3 2 0.093 0.07 0.047 0.036 12.03 9.05 6.08 4.66
9 canti 14.37+2.34 - - - - - - - - - 19.68
10 6 14.37 3 1.5 - 0.078 0.045 0.034 - 10.09 5.82 4.40
11 4 14.37 3 1.33 0.072 0.053 0.047 0.036 9.31 6.85 6.08 4.66
12 canti 14.37+2.34 - - - - - - - - - 19.68
Fig2.5 unadjusted moments


M2 =19.68
M1 =24.31 Md=max(19.68,24.31)=24.31
M2 =19.68
M1=20.18 Md =max(19.68,20.18)=20.18
M2 =6.08
M 1 =19.68 Md =max(6.08.19.68)=19.68

M1 =24.31
M2 = 20.18 ∆M=4.13 %=∆M/M1 =4.13/24.31*100
=17%<20%
Md =(24.31+20.18)/2=22.24
M1 =20.18
M2 =12.03 ∆M=8.15 %=∆M/M1=8.15/20.18*100
=40.4>20%
So it should be adjusted such that they take this change in moment by their stiffness.
Md =12.03+1/3/(1/6+1/3)*8.15
Md =17.46

M1=6.08
M2=5.82 ∆M=0.26 %=∆M/M1
=4.28<20%
Md =M8+M10/2=5.93
M1=6.08
M2=5.82 ∆M=0.26 %=∆M/M1
=4.28<20%
Md =M8+M10/2=5.9

4.2 span adjustment

 Slab6
Md =22.24
Mi= 24.31 ∆m=2.07 ; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
Mxd=18.62+0.38*2.07=19.41
Myd=18.62+0.28*2.07=19.20
 Slab7
Md =17.46
Mi=20.18 ∆m=2.72 ; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
Mxd=15.52+0.38*2.72=16.55
Myd=15.52+0.28*2.72=16.28
 Slab8
Md =5.93
Mi=6.08 ∆m=0.15; Cx=0.305, Cy=0.094
Mxd=9.05+0.305*.15=10.10
Myd=4.66+0.094*.15=4.67
 Slab11
Md =5.93
Mi=6.08 ∆m=0.15; Cx=0.320, Cy=0.12
Mxd=6.85+0.32*.15=6.90
Myd=4.66+0.12*.15=4.68
Fig2.6 Adjusted moments

5. Load transfer ( for both slabs)

panel r pd Lx ßvxc ßvxd ßvyc ßvyd Vxc Vxd Vyc Vyd
0 - 14.37+10.92 1.5 - - - - - - - 25.29
1 - 14.37+10.92 1.5 - - - - - - - 25.29
2 1.5 14.37 4 0.45 - - - 25.87 - 18.97 -
3 1 14.37 6 0.33 - 0.33 - 28.45 - 28.45 -
4 1 14.37 6 0.36 0.24 0.33 0.24 31.04 20.69 31.04 20.69
5 - 14.37+10.92 1.5 - - 0.36 - - - - 25.29
6 1 14.37 6 0.40 0.26 - 0.26 34.49 22.42 34.49 22.42
7 1 14.37 6 0.36 0.24 0.40 - 31.04 20.69 31.04 -
8 2 14.37 3 0.60 0.40 0.36 0.26 25.87 17.24 17.24 11.21
9 - 14.37+10.92 1.5 - - 0.40 - - - - 25.29
10 1.5 14.37 3 - 0.38 - - - 16.38 17.24 -
11 1.33 14.37 3 0.51 0.335 0.40 0.26 21.99 14.44 17.24 11.21
12 - 14.37+10.92 1.5 - - 0.40 - - - - 25.29

3. First floor slab
1.0 Depth for deflection
d≥ (0.4+0.6*300)Le/ßa = 0.85Le/ ßa
Fig2.7 labeling
the effective depth required for the above slab panels is tabulated below
Slab panel Ly/Lx Lx ßa d Boundary
condition
1 1.5 4 40 85 Interior
2 1 6 45 113.33 Interior
3 1 6 40 127.5 end
4 1.5 4 40 85 Interior
5 1 6 45 113.33 Interior
6 1 6 40 127.5 End
7 1.13 4 43.7 77.8 Interior
8 1.13 4.5 41.7 91.79 Interior
9 1.13 4.5 36.7 104.22 end
10 1 4 45 75.56 end
11 1.5 4 40 85 Interior
12 1.5 4 35 97.14 end
13 1 6 40 127.5 end
14 1 6 40 127.5 end
15 2 3 30 85 Interior
16 1.33 4.5 36.7 104.22 Interior
17 1.33 4.5 41.7 91.79 end
18 1.5 3 35 72.86 end
19 1.5 4 35 97.14 Interior
20 1.5 4 40 85 End
21 1.33 3 36.7 69.48 Cantilever
22 9.14 1.5 10 127.50 Cantilever
23 21.33 .75 10 63.75 Cantilever
24 20 .75 10 63.75 Cantilever
25 26.07 .75 10 63.75 Cantilever
The governing depth is therefore is d = 127.5

Taking ø14 slab reinforcement and concrete cover depth of 15mm, the over all depth is
computed as follows:
D = d+ ø14+cover
= 127.5+14+15
= 160mm
2.0 Loading
2.10 dead loading
a. partition load
pane 3 & 14
weight = t*h*unit weight of concrete
where t = 15cm for partition HCB walls
Unit weight of HCB is 12KN/m3
W =5.1*.15*3*12
=27.54 KN
Distributing over the slab panel = 27.54/ (6*6)
0.77KN/m2
Panel 15
Weight = 5.9*0.15*3*12
=31.86KN
Distribute load = 31.86KN/ (4.5*6)
= 0.9KN/m2
Panel 23, 24, 25
Hand rail weight.
Assuming an equivalent weight of 1m height of 15cm HCB wall distributing linearly at the
end of the cantilever slab, the point load for a meter strip cantilever is given below:
Point load = 1*0.15*12=1.8KN/m
b. finishing
The finishing materials for the slab are:
 3 cm cement screed with unit weight = 20KN/m3
 2 cm marble finish for restaurant with unit weight = 27KN /m3
 2 cm terrazzo tile finish for offices and shops with unit weight = 22KN/m3
Distributed load per unit area for cement screed = 0.03*20=.6KN/m2
marble = 0.02*27= 0.54KN/m2
terrazzo tile =0.02*22= 0.44KN/m2

Panel 5, 6, 8, 9
Finishing load = 0.6+.54= 1.14KN/m2
other panels = .6+.44 = 1.04 KN/m2
c. Self weight
weight per m2 of slab = thickness * unit weight of concrete
= .16*24= 3.84 KN/m2
2.20 Live load
From EBCS-1 the different live loads of rooms is given below
Room class live load
Cafes and restaurants C1 3 KN/m2
Terraces C5 5 KN/m2
Shops C5 5 KN/m2
Office stores C5 5 KN/m2
Toilet C1 2 KN/m 2
The different loadings on the slabs can be tabulated below
Panel Partition Finishing Self weight Wind load Live load
load load
1 1.04 3.84 0.31 5
2 1.04 3.84 0.31 5
3 1.04 3.84 0.31 5
4 1.04 3.84 5
5 1.14 3.84 3
6 1.14 3.84 3
7 1.04 3.84 5
8 1.14 3.84 3
9 1.14 3.84 3
10 1.14 3.84 5
11 1.04 3.84 5
12 1.04 3.84 5
13 .77 1.04 3.84 5
14 .77 1.04 3.84 5
15 1.77 1.04 3.84 2
16 .9 1.04 3.84 5
17 1.04 3.84 5
18 1.04 3.84 5
19 1.04 3.84 3
20 1.04 3.84 3
21 1.04 3.84 5
22 1.04 3.84 .31 5
23 *1.8 1.04 3.84 5
24 *1.8 1.04 3.84 5
25 *1.8 1.04 3.84 5
* is for point loads from partition on cantilever slabs

3.0 Analysis
Design Load
The design loads of slabs is given by Pd = 1.3Gk+1.6Qk ( EBCS-1)
This formula is used for each panels.
Panel 1, 2, 3
Pd = 1.3 DL+1.6LL+wind load
= 1.3(1.04+3.84)+1.6*5+.31
=14.65KN/m2
Panels 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 21
Pd = 1.3(1.04+3.84)+1.6*5
= 14.34KN/m2
Panels 5, 6, 8, 9
Pd = 1.3(1.14+3.84)+1.6*3
= 11.27KN/m2
Panel 13,14
Pd = 1.3(0.77+1.04+3.84+1.6*5
= 15.35KN/m2
panel5
Pd =1.3(1.77+1.04+3.84)+1.6*5
=11.85KN/m2
Panel 16
Pd=1.3(0.9+1.04+3.84)+1.6*5
=15.51KN/m2
panels 19&20
pd=1.3(1.04+3.84)+1.6*5
=11.14KN/m2
Panel22
Pd=1.3(1.04+3.84)+0.31+1.6*5
=14.65KN/m2
panel 23,24 &25

pd(uniform)=1.3(1.04+3.84)1.6*5
=14.34KN/m2
Pd(point load)=1.3*1.8=2.34KN/m
3 Analysis
Mi= αxi *pd*Lx2( for two way slabs )
Mi = w*L2/2+p*L ( cantilever)
panel Panel Pd Lx ratio αxs αxf αys αyf Mxs Mxf Mys Myf
type
1 1 14.65 4 1.5 0.053 0.040 0.032 0.024 12.42 9.38 5.63 5.63
2 1 14.65 6 1 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 16.66 12.66 16.66 12.66
3 3 14.65 6 1 0.039 0.030 0.039 0.030 20.57 15.82 20.57 15.82
4 1 14.34 4 1.5 0.053 0.040 0.032 0.024 12.16 9.18 20.57 5.51
5 1 11.27 6 1 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 12.98 9.74 7.34 9.74
6 3 11.27 6 1 0.039 0.030 0.039 0.023 15.82 12.17 12.98 12.72
7 1 14.34 4 1.13 0.039 0.029 0.032 0.024 8.95 6.65 15.82 5.51
8 1 11.27 4.5 1.33 0.047 0.036 0.032 0.024 10.73 8.50 7.34 5.48
9 2 11.27 4.5 1.33 0.053 0.040 0.039 0.029 12.10 9.13 7.3 6.62

10 1 14.34 4 1 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 7.34 5.51 8.9 5.51
11 1 14.34 4 1.5 0.053 0.040 0.032 0.024 12.60 9.18 7.34 5.51
12 2 14.34 4 1.5 0.058 0.043 0.039 0.029 13.31 9.87 7.34 6.65
13 4 15.35 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 25.97 19.89 8.95 19.89
14 2 15.35 6 1 0.039 0.029 0.039 0.029 21.55 16.03 25.97 16.03
15 4 11.85 3 2 0.093 0.070 0.047 0.036 9.92 7.47 21.55 3.84
16 2 15.51 4.5 1.33 0.053 0.040 0.039 0.029 16.65 12.56 5.01 9.11
17 1 14.34 4.5 1.33 0.047 0.036 0.039 0.024 13.65 10.45 12.25 6.97
18 3 14.34 3 1.5 0.073 0.055 0.039 0.030 9.42 7.10 9.29 5.35
19 2 11.14 4 1.5 0.058 0.043 0.039 0.029 10.34 7.66 5.03 5.17
20 1 11.14 4 1.5 0.053 0.040 0.032 0.024 9.45 7.13 5.7 4.28
21 3 14.34 3 1.33 0.063 0.049 0.039 0.030 8.13 6.32 5.03 3.83
22 canti 14.65 1.5 - - - - - - - - 16.48
23 canti 14.34 0.75 - - - - - - - - 5.79
+2.34
24 canti 14.34 0.75 - - - - - - - - 5.79
+2.34
25 canti 14.34 0.75 - - - - - - - - 5.79
+2.34
Fig-2.8

4. moment adjustment
 Between panels 1&2
M1=16.66
M2=12.42 ΔM = 4.24 %= 4.42/16.66*100
=25.45>20%
K1 = 6/(6+4)=6/10 K2 = 4/(4+6)= 4/10
Md = 12.42+6/10*4.24 = 14.96KNm
M1=7.34
M2=5.63 ΔM = 1.71 %= 23.3%>20%
Md = 5.63+0.5*1.71= 6.49KNm
Between panels 2&3
M1=20.57
M2=16.66 ΔM = 3.91 %= 19.03<20%
Md = 0.5(20.57+16.66)= 18.62KNm
Between panels 2&5
M1=12.98
M2=16.66 ΔM = 3.68 %= 22.09>20%
Md = 12.9+0.5*3.68=14.82KNm
Between panels 4&5
M1=12.98
M2=12.16 ΔM = .82 %= 6.32%<20%
Md = .5(12.98+12.16)=12.57KNm
Between panels4 &7
M1=7.34
M2=7.34 ΔM = 0 %= 0<20%
Md = 7.34KNm
Between panels 5&6
M1=15.82
M2=12.98 ΔM = 2.84 %= 17.95%<20%
Md = 0.5(15.82+12.98)=14.40KNm
Between panels 5&8
M1=12.98
M2=10.73 ΔM = 2.25 %= 17.33%<20%
Md = 0.5(12.98+10.73)= 11.86KNm
Between panels 6&9
M1=15.82
M2=12.10 ΔM = 3.72 %= 23.51>20%
Md = 15.82-.43*3.72=14.22KNm
Between panels 7&8
M1=8.95
M2=7.3 ΔM = 31.65 %= 18.44%<20%
Md = 0.5(28.95+7.3)= 8.13KNm
Between panels 8&9

M1= 8.9
M2=7.3 ΔM = 1.6 %= 18%<20%
Md = 0.5(8.9+7.3)= 8.1KNm
Between panels 8&11
M1=12.16
M2=10.73 ΔM = 1.43 %= 11.76%<20%
Md = 0.5(12.16+10.73)= 11.45KNm
Between panels 9&12
M1=13.31
M2=12.10 ΔM = 1.21 %= 9.09%<20%
Md = 0.5(13.31+12.10)= 12.71KNm
Between panels 13&16
M1=25.97
M2=16.65 ΔM = 9.32 %= 35.89%>20%
Md = 21.96KNm
M1=25.97
M2=21.55 ΔM = 4.42KN %= 17.02<20%
Md =23.76KNm
M1=21.55
M2=13.65 ΔM = 7.9 %= 36.665>20%
Md = 18.15KNm
M1=21.55
M2=9.92 ΔM = 11.65 %= >20%
Md = 17.71
M1=16.65
M2=10.34 ΔM = 6.31 %= 38%>20%
Md = 13.68KNm
M1=12.25
M2=9.29 ΔM = 2.96 %= 24.16%<20%
Md = 10.77
M1=13.65
M2=9.45 ΔM = 4.2 %= 30.77%>20%
Md = 11.68KNm
M1=9.42
M2=9.29 ΔM = .13 %= <20%
Md = 9.36KNm
Between panels 3&6
M1=20.57
M2=15.82 ΔM = 4.75 %= 23.09<20%
Md = 18.20KNm


M1=8.13
M2=5.7 ΔM = 2.43 %= 30%>20%
Md = 6.74KNm
M1=8.95
M2=7.34 ΔM = 1.61 %= 18%<20%
Md =8.15KNm
b. span adjustment
panel 12
Δm1=14.96-16.66=1.70
Δm2=16.66-14.82=1.84 Ly/Lx=1 Cx1=0.38 Cy1=0.28 Cx2=0.28
Cy2=0.38
Mdxf=Mdx+Cx1* Δm1+ Cx2* Δm2
Mdyf=Mdy+ Cy1* Δm1+ Cy2* Δm2
Therefore using the above formula
Mdxf=12.66+0.38*1.7+0.28*1.84=13.82KNm
Mdyf=12.66+0.28*1.70.+0.38*1.84=13.82KNm
panel 3
Δm1=20.57-18.82=1.75
Δm2=20.57-18.82=1.75 Ly/Lx=1 Cx1=0.38 Cy1=0.28 Cx2=0.28
Cy2=0.38
Mdxf= Mdyf =15.82+0.38*1.75+0.28*1.75=16.88KNm
panel 4
Δm1=20.57-18.82=1.75
Δm2=20.57-18.82=1.75 Ly/Lx=1 Cx1=0.38 Cy1=0.28 Cx2=0.28
Cy2=0.38
Mdxf= Mdyf =15.82+0.38
Fig 2.9

5.0 load transfer to frames

The shear force transferred to frames is tabulated in the following table .
Panel Panel r pd Lx ßvxc ßvxd ßvyc ßvyd Vxc Vxd Vyc Vyd
name type =Ly/Lx
1 1 1.5 14.65 4 0.45 - 0.33 - 26.7 - 19.34 -
2 1 1 14.65 6 0.33 - 0.33 - 29.01 - 29.01 -
3 3 1 14.65 6 0.36 0.24 0.36 - 31.64 21.10 31.64 -
4 1 1.5 14.34 4 0.45 - 0.33 - 25.81 - 18.93 -
5 1 1 11.27 6 0.33 = 0.33 - 22.31 - 22.31 -
6 3 1 11.276 6 0.36 0.24 0.36 - 24.34 16.23 24.34 -
7 1 1.13 14.34 4 0.36 - 0.33 - 20.65 - 18.93 -
8 1 1.33 11.27 4.5 0.42 - 0.33 - 21.30 16.74 -
9 2 1.33 11.27 4.5 0.44 - 0.36 0.24 22.31 - 18.26 12.17
10 1 1 14.34 4 0.33 - 0.33 - 18.93 - 18.93 -
11 1 1.5 14.34 4 0.45 - 0.33 - 25.81 - 18.93 -
12 2 1.5 14.34 4 0.47 - 0.36 0.24 26.96 - 20.65 13.77
13 4 1 15.35 6 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 36.84 23.95 36.84 23.95
14 2 1 15.35 6 0.36 - 0.36 0.24 33.16 - 33.16 22.10
15 4 2 11.85 3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.26 21.33 14.22 14.22 9.24
16 2 1.33 15.51 4.5 0.44 - 0.36 0.24 30.71 - 25.13 16.75
17 1 1.33 14.34 4.5 0.41 - 0.33 - 26.46 - 21.29 -
18 3 1.5 14.34 3 0.51 0.34 0.36 - 21.94 14.63 15.49 -
19 2 1.5 11.14 4 0.47 - 0.36 0.24 20.94 - 16.04 10.69
20 1 1.5 11.14 4 0.45 - 0.33 - 20.05 - 14.7 -
21 3 1.3 14.34 3 0.47 0.31 0.36 - 20.22 13.34 15.49 -
22 canti - 14.65 1.5 - - - - 21.98 - - -
23 canti - 14.34+2.34 0.75 - - - - 13. - - -
24 canti - 14.34+2.34 0.75 - - - - 13 - - -
25 canti - 14.34+2.34 0.75 - - - - 13 - - -

4.0 Second floor slab
Fig 2.10 labeling

d>(0.4+0.6*Fyk/300)*Le/ ßa
Panel Le(mm) ßa d(mm)

1,2,4,5 6000 40 127.5
6 3000 30 85
7,8,10,11 4500 36.7 104.22
12 3000 35 72.86
b,c,d,f,g,h 1000 10 85
a,e 1000 10 85

D=127.5+14+15
D=156.5mm
2.0 Loading
Panel 1 and 2
- Partition wall = 5*.15*3*12/36 =0.75KN/m2
Total Dead load, DD=3.84+0.75+0.46+0.6 = 5.63KN/m2
= 1.3*(5.63)+1.6*4
Pd = 13.75KN/m2

Panel 4 and 5
= 1.3*(5.63)+1.6*5
Pd = 15.34KN/m2
Panel 6
- Partition wall = 5.45*.15*3*12/36 =1.635KN/m2
= 1.3*(6.535)+1.6*2
Pd = 11.69KN/m2
Panel 7,8,10, and 11
- Partition wall = 0KN/m2
Total Dead load, DD=3.84+0.46+0.6 = 4.9 KN/m2
= 1.3*4.9+1.6*5
Pd = 14.37 KN/m2
Panel 12
= 1.3*4.9+1.6*5
Pd = 14.37 KN/m2

Panel b, c, f , g, h
-partition load concentrated = 1.3*3*.2*14 = 10.92KN/m
- Partition wall = 0.2*2*3*14/3 = 5.6KN/m2
Total Dead load, DD=3.84+0.46+0.6+5.6 = 10.5 KN/m2
= 1.3*10.5+1.6*5
Pd = 21.65 KN/m2
Panel a ,e
= 1.3*7.7+1.6*5
Pd = 18.01 KN/m2

Panel Ratio
1 13.75 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 23.27 17.82 23.27 17.82
2 13.75 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 23.27 17.82 23.27 17.82
4 15.34 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 25.96 19.89 25.96 8.44
5 15.34 6 1 0.039 0.029 0.039 0.039 21.54 16.02 21.54 16.02
6 11.69 3 2 0.093 0.07 0.047 0.036 9.79 7.37 4.95 3.79
7 12.77 4.5 1.33 0.069 0.051 0.047 0.036 17.84 13.19 12.15 9.31
8 12.77 4.5 1.33 0.069 0.051 0.047 0.036 17.84 13.19 12.15 9.31
10 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.069 0.051 0.047 0.036 20.08 14.84 13.68 10.48
11 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.052 0.039 0.039 0.029 15.13 11.35 11.35 8.44
12 14.37 3 1.5 0.078 0.059 0.047 0.036 10.09 7.63 6.08 4.66

Fig 2.11 unadjusted moments

 Between panel 1and 7 & between 2 and 8
M1 = 23.27
M2 =17.84 ∆M=5.43
%=∆M/M1 = 23%>20% , So it should be adjusted such that they take
this change in moment by their stiffness.
Md =17.84+1/4.5/(1/6+1/4.5)*5.43
Md =20.94

M1 = 25.96
M2 =20.08 ∆M=5.88
%=∆M/M1= 23%>20% , So it should be adjusted such that they take
Md =25.96-1/6/(1/6+1/4.5)*5.88
Md =23.44
M1 = 21.54
M2 =15.13 ∆M=6.41
%=∆M/M1 = 29.7%>20% , So it should be adjusted such that they
take this change in moment by their stiffness.
Md =21.54-1/6/(1/6+1/4.5)*6.41
Md =18.79
M1 = 21.54
M2 =9.79 ∆M=11.75
Md =21.54-1/6/(1/6+1/3)*11.75
Md =17.62


M1= 25.96
M2 =21.54 ∆M=4.42
%=∆M/M1 = 17.02% <20% , so the average value should be taken
Md =(25.96+21.54)/2
Md =23.75
 Between panel 6 and 12
M1= 4.95
M2=6.08 ∆M=1.13
Md =(4.95+6.08)/2
Md =5.52
M1= 13.68
M2=11.35 ∆M=2.33
%=∆M/M1 = 17% <20% , so the average value should be taken
Md =(13.68+11.35)/2
Md =12.52
M1= 11.35
M2=10.09 ∆M=1.26
Md =(11.35+10.09)/2
Md =10.72
 4.2 span adjustment
 Slab 2
Md =25.96
Mi= 23.75 ∆m=2.21 ; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
M2 = 23.44 ∆m=2.52
Mxd=18.62+0.38*2.07=19.41
Myd=18.62+0.28*2.07=19.20
 Slab4
Md =23.27
Mi= 20.94 ∆m1=2.33 ; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
Mxd=17.82+0.38*2.33 =18.71
Myd=17.82+.28*2.33 = 18.47
 Slab5
Md =21.54
Mi=17.62 ∆m1=3.92 ; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28\
M2=18.79 ∆m2=2.75
Mxd=16.02+.38*3.92+.28*2.75=18.28
Myd=16.02+.38*3.92+.28*2.75 =18.28
 Slab12
Md =6.08
Mi=5.52 ∆m=0.56; Cx=0.305, Cy=0.094
Mxd=7.63+0.305*0.56=7.8
Myd=4.66+0.094*.56=4.71
Fig 2.12 adjusted moments
panel Pd Lx ßvxc ßvxd ßvyc ßvyd Vxc Vxd Vyc Vyd

1 13.75 6 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 33 21.45 33 21.45
2 13.75 6 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 33 21.45 33 21.45
4 15.34 6 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 36.9 23.99 36.9 23.99
5 15.34 6 0.36 - 0.36 0.24 33.15 - 33.15 22.1
6 11.69 3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.26 21.05 14.04 14.04 9.12
7 12.77 4.5 0.5 0.33 0.4 0.26 28.73 18.96 22.99 14.94
8 12.77 4.5 0.5 0.33 0.4 0.26 28.73 18.96 22.99 14.94
10 14.37 4.5 0.5 0.33 0.4 0.26 32.33 21.34 25.87 16.81
11 14.37 4.5 0.47 0.31 0.36 - 30.39 20.05 23.28 -
12 14.37 3 0.54 0.35 0.4 0.26 23.28 15.09 17.24 11.21

5.0 Third, fourth, and fifth floor slabs
Fig 2.13 labeling

d> (0.4+0.6*Fyk/300)*Le/ ßa

1,2,4,5 6000 40 127.5
6 3000 30 85
7,8,10,11 4500 36.7 104.22
12 3000 35 72.86
b,c,d,f,g,h 1000 10 85
a,e 1000 10 85

D=127.5+14+15
D=156.5mm

2.0 Loading
Panel 1, 2, 4 and 5
= 1.3*(5.63) +1.6*5 Pd = 15.345KN/m2
Panel 7, 8, 10 and 11
Total Dead load, DD=3.84+0.46+0.6 = 4.90KN/m2
= 1.3*(4.90) +1.6*5 Pd = 14.37KN/m2
Panel 6
- Partition wall = 5.45*.15*3*12/18 =1.635KN/m2
= 1.3*(6.535) +1.6*2 Pd = 11.69KN/m2
Pd = 14.37 KN/m2
Panel 12
= 1.3*4.9+1.6*5
Pd = 14.37 KN/m2
Panel b, c, f, g, h (cantilever slabs)
Design load Pd= 1.3DD+1.6LL = 1.3*10.5+1.6*5 Pd = 21.65 KN/m2

Panel a, e (cantilever slabs)

= 1.3*7.7+1.6*5
Pd = 18.01 KN/m2

Panel Ratio
1 15.345 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 25.96 19.89 25.96 19.89
2 15.345 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 25.96 19.89 25.96 19.89
4 15.345 6 1 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 25.96 19.89 25.96 19.89
5 15.345 6 1 0.039 0.029 0.039 0.029 21.54 16.02 21.54 16.02
6 11.69 3 2 0.093 0.07 0.047 0.036 10.01 7.53 5.06 3.88
7 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.069 0.051 0.047 0.036 20.08 14.84 13.68 10.48
8 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.069 0.051 0.047 0.036 20.08 14.84 13.68 10.48
10 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.069 0.051 0.047 0.036 20.08 14.84 13.68 10.48
11 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.052 0.039 0.039 0.029 15.13 11.35 11.35 8.44
12 14.37 3 1.5 0.078 0.059 0.047 0.036 10.69 7.63 6.08 4.66


 Between panel 1and 7 & between 2 and 8 & 4 and 10
M1 = 25.96
M2 =20.08 ∆M=5.88
%=∆M/M1 = 22.6%>20%, so it should be adjusted such that they take
Md =20.08+1/4.5/(1/6+1/4.5)*5.88
Md =23.44
M1 = 21.54
M2 =15.13 ∆M=6.41
%=∆M/M1 = 29.7%>20%, so it should be adjusted such that they take
Md =21.54-1/6/ (1/6+1/4.5)*6.41
Md =18.79
M1 = 21.54
M2 =10.01 ∆M=11.53
Md =21.54 -1/6/(1/6+1/3)*11.53
Md =17.70

M1= 25.96
M2 =21.54 ∆M=4.42
Md =(25.96+21.54)/2
Md =23.75
M1= 6.08
M2=5.06 ∆M=1.02
Md =(5.06+6.08)/2
Md =5.57
M1= 13.68
M2=11.35 ∆M=2.33
Md =(13.68+11.35)/2
Md =12.52
M11= 11.35
M12=10.09 ∆M=1.26
Md =(11.35+10.09)/2 Md =10.72
4.2 span adjustment

 Slab 1, 2
Md =25.96
Mi= 23.44 ∆m=2.52 ; Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
M2 = 23.44 ∆m=2.52
Mxd=19.89+0.38*2.52=20.85
Myd=18.62+0.28*2.52=20.60
 Slab4
Md =25.96
Mi= 20.94 ∆m1=2.21 Cx=0.38, Cy=0.28
M2 = 23.44 ∆m2=2.52
Mxd=19.89+0.38*2.21+0.28*2.52 =21.44
Myd=19.89+.38*2.21+0.28*2.52 = 21.44
 Slab5
Md =21.54
Mi=17.7 ∆m1=3.84; Cx=0.38, CY=0.28
M2=18.79 ∆m2=2.75
Mxd=16.02+.38*3.84+.28*2.75=18.25
Myd=16.02+.38*3.84+.28*2.75 =18.25
 Slab 10
Md =13.86
Mi=12.52 ∆m=1.34; Cx=0.325, Cy=0.135
Mxd=14.84+0.325*1.34=15.28
Myd=10.48+0.135*1.34=10.66
 Slab 11
Md =11.35
Mi=10.72 ∆m=0.63; Cx=0.325, Cy=0.135
Mxd=11.35+0.325*0.63=11.55
Myd=8.44+0.135*0.63=8.53
 Slab 12
Md =6.08
Mi=5.57 ∆m=0.51; Cx=0.305, Cy=0.094
Mxd=4.66+0.305*0.51=4.82
Myd=7.63+0.094*0.51=7.68

Fig 2.15 adjusted moments

panel Pd Lx ßvxc ßvxd ßvyc ßvyd Vxc Vxd Vyc Vyd

1 15.345 6 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 36.83 23.94 36.83 23.94
2 15.345 6 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 36.83 23.94 36.83 23.94
4 15.345 6 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 36.83 23.94 36.83 23.94
5 15.345 6 0.36 - 0.36 0.24 33.15 - 33.15 22.10
6 11.69 3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.26 21.05 14.04 14.04 9.12
7 14.37 4.5 0.5 0.33 0.4 0.26 32.33 21.34 25.87 16.81
8 14.37 4.5 0.5 0.33 0.4 0.26 32.33 21.34 25.87 16.81
10 14.37 4.5 0.5 0.33 0.4 0.26 32.33 21.34 25.87 16.81
11 14.37 4.5 0.31 0.36 0.36 - 30.39 20.046 23.28 -
12 14.37 3 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.26 23.28 15.09 17.24 11.21

6.0 6th floor level
Fig 2.16 labeling
1. Depth determination
d>(0.4+0.6*Fyk/400)*Le/ßa
panel Le(mm) ßa d(mm) d=max(di)=114mm

1 1 10 85 and D=d+cover+ø using ø=14
2 1 10 85 D=114+15+14=143mm
3 1 10 85 but uniformity in construction from other slabs use the
4 6 45 114 same thickness as others
5 4.5 41.7 92 that is D=160mm and d=131mm
6 1 10 85
7 1 10 85
8 6 45 114
9 4.5 36.70 104
10 3 30 85
11 3 35 73
2.Loading
2.1 Dead loads(DD)
For all slabs
 Self weight 0f the slab=0.16*24=3.84KN/m2
 2cmTerrazzo tile Floor finish =23*0.02=0.46KN/m2
 3cm thickness Cement screed =0.03*20=0.60KN/m2
 Partition load

On slabs 1,2,3,6 on slab7

=1.03KN/m2 (distributed load) =1.03KN/m2 (distributed load)
=6.3KN (concentrated load) =6.3KN (concentrated load)
On slabs 4&8 On slabs 4&8
=0.765KN/m2 (distributed load) =0.765KN/m2 (distributed load)
On slabs 5,9 &11 On slabs 10
= no load =0.99KN/m 2 (distributed load)
2.2 Live load(LL)

For all slabs other than slab 11=5KN/m2
For slab 11=3.5KN/M2
There fore the design load is
Pd=1.3*DD+1.6*LL
3. Analysis
Mi=αi*Pd*Lx^2
panel Panel Pd Lx ratio αxs αxf αys αyf Mxs Mxf Mys Myf
type
1 Cant 15.71+8.19 1 - - - - - 16.01 - - -
2 Cant 15.71+8.19 1 - - - - - 16.01 - - -
3 Cant 15.71+8.19 - - - - - 16.01 - - -
4 1 15.37 6 1 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 17.71 13.28 17.71 13.28
5 1 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.048 0.033 0.032 0.024 13.97 9.60 9.31 6.98
6 Cant 15.71+8.19 1 - - - - - 16.01 - - -
7 Cant 16.37+8.19 1 - - - - - 16.38 - - -
8 2 15.37 6 1 0.039 0.029 0.039 0.029 21.58 16.05 21.58 16.05
9 2 14.37 4.5 1.33 0.071 0.053 0.039 0.029 20.60 15.42 13.68 10.48
10 4 13.26 3 2 0.093 0.070 0.047 0.036 11.10 8.35 5.61 4.30
11 4 14.37 3 1.5 0.073 0.059 0.047 0.036 10.09 7.63 6.08 4.60


4.1support adjustment
M1=17.71
M2=16.01 Md=max(M1,M2)
Md=17.71 KNm
%= 4.42/16.66*100 =25.45>20%
K1 = 6/(6+4)=6/10 K2 = 4/(4+6)= 4/10
Md = 12.42+6/10*4.24 = 14.96KNm
M1=21.58
M2=16.01 Md=max(M1,M2)
Md=21.58KNm
M1=17.71
M2=16.01 Md=max(M1,M2)
Md=17.71KNm
M1=16.01
M2=9.31 Md=max(M1,M2)
Md=16.01KNm
M1=16.01
M2=13.97 Md=max(M1,M2)
Md=16.01KNm
M1=20.66
M2=16.01 Md=max(M1,M2)
Md=20.66KNm
M1=21.58
M2=17.71 ΔM = 3.87
%= 3.87/21.58*100
=18%<20%
Md = 0.5(21.58+17.71)= 19.65KNm
M1=17.71
M2=13.97 ΔM = 3.74
%= 3.74/17.71*100
=21.10%>20%
K1 = 4.5/(4.5+6)=0.429 K2 = 6/(4.5+6)= 0.571
Md = 13.97+0.429*3.74= 16.11KNm
M1=21.58
M2=20.66 ΔM = 0.92 %= 0.29/21.58*100
=4.3%<20%
Md = 0.5(21.58+20.66)= 21.12KNm


M1=13.68
M2=9.31 ΔM = 4.37 %= 4.37/13.68*100
=31.90%>20%
K1 = 4.5/(4.5+6)=0.429 K2 = 6/(4.5+6)= 0.571
Md = 9.31+0.571*4.37= 11.80KNm

M1=17.71
M2=11.10 ΔM = 6.1 %= 6.16/17.71*100
=37.32%>20%
K1 = 3 /(3+6)=0.333 K2 = 6/(3+6)= 0.667
Md = 11.10+0.333*6.16= 12.20KNm
M1=10.09
M2=9.31 ΔM = 0.78 %= 0.78/10.09*100
=7.73%<20%
Md = 0.5(10.09+9.31)= 9.70KNm
4.2 Span adjustment
Panel 4a
b/n 4&8
Md=19.65
Mi=21.50
Since moment increased no span moment adjustment is required.
b/n 4&2
Since moment increased no span moment adjustment is required
b/n 4&5
Md=16.11
Mi=17.71 Δm=17.71-16.11=1.6
Cx=0.380; Cy=0.280
Mxd=13.28+0.38*1.6=13.89 KNm
Mxd=13.28+0.28*1.6=13.72 KNm
Panel 5a
In all directions the support moments increased so that no span moment adjustment
is required.
Panel 8a
b/n 1&8
b/n 8&9
Md=19.65
Mi=21.58 Δm1=1.93
Cx=0.380; Cy=0.280
b/n 8&9
Md=21.12
Mi=21.58 Δm2=0.46
Cx=0.380; Cy=0.280
Mxd=13.28+0.38*(1.93+.46)=16.96 KNm
Mxd=13.28+0.28*(1.93+.46)=16.72 KNm

Panel 9a
b/n 5&9
Md=11.8
Mi=13.68 Δm=1.88
Cx=0.327; Cy=0.137
Mxd=15.42+0.327*1.88=16.03 KNm
Mxd= 10.48+.137*1.88=10.74 KNm
In the other supports the moment increased that no span moment adjustment is
important.
Panel 4b
b/n 4&8
b/n 4&6
b/n 4&10
Md=12.20
Mi=17.71 Δm1=5.51 Cx=0.380; Cy=0.280
b/n 4&5
Md=16.11
Mi=17.71 Δm=1.60 Cx=0.380; Cy=0.280
Mxd=13.28+0.38*(5.51+1.6)=15.98 KNm
Mxd= 13.28+0.28(5.51+1.6)=15.27KNm
Panel 5b
In all directions the support moments increased so that no span moment adjustment
is required.
Panel 10
In all directions the support moments increased so that no span moment adjustment is
required.
Panel 11
b/n 5&11
Md=9.70
Mi=10.09 Δm1=0.39 Cx=0.484; Cy=0.248
b/n 11&10
Md=5.85
Mi=6.08 Δm2=0.23 Cx=0.238; Cy=0.0.055
Mxd=4.66+.484*0.39+0.238*0.23=4.90 KNm
Mxd= 7.63+0.248*0.39+0.055*0.23=7.71KNm

Fig 2.18 Adjusted moments

5. Load transfer to beams
panel r Pd Lx ßvxc ßvxd ßvyc ßvyd Vxc Vxd Vyc Vyd
1 - 15.71+8.19 1 - - - - - - - 23.90
2 - 15.71+8.19 1 - - - - - - - 23.90
3 - 15.71+8.19 1 - - - - - - - 23.90
4 1 15.37 6 0.33 - 0.33 - 30.43 - 30.43 -
5 1.33 14.37 4.5 0.415 - 0.33 - 26.84 - 21.34 -
6 - 15.71+8.19 1 - - - - - - - 23.90
7 - 16.37+8.19 1 - - - - - - - 24.56
8 1 15.37 6 0.36 - 0.36 0.24 33.20 - 33.20 22.13
9 1.33 14.37 4.5 0.36 0.24 0.36 - 23.28 15.52 - 23.28
10 2.0 13.26 3 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.26 23.87 15.91 15.91 10.34
11 1.5 14.37 3 0.54 0.35 0.40 0.26 23.28 15.10 17.24 11.21

7.0 slab around the lift shaft -one way slab
Fig 2.19
This slab is simply supported and belongs to all floor with the same configuration.
Ly/Lx >2.0, therefore it is one way slab with simply supported support conditions.
0.6 f yk Le
d  ( 0 .4  ) , le =2500mm & β = 25
400  a
d ≥ 85mm (<131mm) ok.
2. Loading
i. Dead load
a. self weight= t*γc = 0.16*24=3.84KN/m2
b. finishing
 3 cm cement screed,
=0.03*20=0.6KN/m2
 2 cm terrazzo tile,
=0.02*22=0.4KN/m2
ii. live load, access for office = 5KN/m2
Design load = 1.3*DL+1.6*LL
= 1.3*(3.84+0.6+0.44) +1.6*5
Pd= 14.344KN/m2
Shear and moments
The slab is treated as a one way solid slab. Taking a meter strip and modeling it as a simply
supported beam:
14.344
2.5m
V=14.34*2.5/2=17.93KN/m
Md= wl2/8=14.344*2.52/8=11.21KN-m

9.Flat roof for the stair case cover
6.0m
6.0m
L 6000
d  0.85 e  d  0.85 *  145.71
a 35
Using Ф14
D=d+ cover +0.5* (0.5Ф+1.5 Ф)
145.71+15+14=174.71
D=180mm, d=151mm
2. Loading
-Wind load =0.31KN/m2 (pressure)
- Self weight = 0.18*24=4.32 KN/m2 (DL)
- Floor finish
- cement screed= 0.03*20=0.6 KN/m2 (DL)
- 10,000lt water tanker =9.81/ (6*6) =2.73 KN/m2 (LL)
- Live load =1 KN/m2 (LL)
Design load Pd=0.31+1.3*(4.32+0.6) +1.6*(1+2.73)
= 12.67 KN/m2
3. Analysis
M i   i pd L2x
Using appendix A of EBCS-2, 95
The slab is categorized under panel type 9, and hence
αxf=αyf=0.056
Therefore Mxf=25.54=Myf
4. Load transfer
Vx=Vy=ßvxPdLx, ßvx=0.33
= 0.33*12.67*6=25.09

10 Reinforcement bars for the slabs
The reinforcements are provided for the design moments using design charts from
EBCS_2;part II ,19995 table 1a
Md
b
Km = where Md = design moment
d
b = width of slab taken as 1.00m
d = effective depth of slab.
Using Km and C-25 ,S-300 Ks is read from the chart and
As= Ks *Md /d
This is compared with the minimum reinforcement for temperature and shrinkage given as
As,min =ρmin *b*d where ρmin= 0.5/fyk
The spacing of the calculated bars is determined as
S= 10000*as/As
or
2D which ever is minimum
design of slabs
As As spacing
slab level Md Km Ks cal As.min provide Ø s provided
mezanine@3m
support
sup b/n 0&2 12.6 27 4 385 218 385 10 204 Ø10 c/c200
1&2,3,4 32.55 44 4.26 1058 218 1058 14 145 Ø14 c/c140
2&3 14.81 29 4.04 457 218 457 10 172 Ø 10c/c170
3&4 18.37 33 4.08 572 218 572 12 198 Ø12 c/c190
5&2,3 19.68 34 4.09 614 218 614 12 184 Ø 12c/c180
span
panel 2 9.2 23 3.97 279 218 279 8 180 Ø8 c/c180
5.52 18 3.95 166 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
3 13.08 28 4.01 400 218 400 10 196 Ø10 c/c190
12.91 27 4 394 218 394 10 199 Ø10 c/c190
4 15.69 30 4.05 485 218 485 10 162 Ø10 c/c160
15.51 30 4.05 480 218 480 10 164 Ø10 c/c160
mezanine@3.6m
support
9&6,7 19.68 34 4.09 614 218 614 12 184 Ø12 c/c180
6&7 22.4 36 4.1 701 218 701 12 161 Ø12 c/c160
7&8 17.46 32 4.06 541 218 541 12 209 Ø12 c/c200
8&10 5.93 19 3.95 179 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
10&11 5.93 19 3.95 179 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
12&11 32.55 44 4.26 1058 218 1058 14 145 Ø14 c/c140
span
6 19.41 34 4.09 606 218 606 12 187 Ø12 c/c180
19.2 33 4.08 598 218 598 12 189 Ø12 c/c180
7 16.55 31 4.07 514 218 514 12 220 Ø12 c/c220
16.28 31 4.07 506 218 506 12 224 Ø12 c/c220

8 4.45 16 3.95 134 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
10.1 24 3.98 307 218 307 8 164 Ø8 c/c160
10 4.4 16 3.95 133 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
10.09 24 3.98 307 218 307 8 164 Ø8 c/c160
11 4.71 17 3.95 142 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
6.87 20 3.96 208 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
1st floor
support
22&1,2,3 20.57 35 4.11 645 218 645 12 175 Ø12 c/c170
25&1,4,7,10 12.42 27 4 379 218 379 10 207 Ø10 c/c200
1&2 14.96 30 4.05 463 218 463 10 170 Ø10 c/c170
2&3 18.82 33 4.08 586 218 586 12 193 Ø12 c/c190
1&4 6.49 19 3.95 196 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
2&5 14.82 29 4.04 457 218 457 10 172 Ø10 c/c170
3&6 18.2 33 4.08 567 218 567 12 200 Ø12 c/c200
4&5 12.57 27 4 384 218 384 10 205 Ø10 c/c200
5&6 14.4 29 4.04 444 218 444 10 177 Ø10 c/c170
4&7 7.34 21 3.97 222 218 222 8 226 Ø8 c/c220
5&8 11.86 26 4 362 218 362 10 217 Ø10 c/c210
6&9 14.22 29 4.04 439 218 439 10 179 Ø10 c/c170
7&8 8.13 22 3.98 247 218 247 8 204 Ø8 c/c200
8&9 8.1 22 3.98 246 218 246 8 204 Ø8 c/c200
7&10 7.34 21 3.97 222 218 222 8 226 Ø8 c/c220
8&11 11.45 26 4 350 218 350 10 225 Ø10 c/c220
9&12 12.71 27 4 388 218 388 10 202 Ø10 c/c200
10&11 7.34 21 3.97 222 218 222 8 226 Ø8 c/c220
11&12 8.15 22 3.98 248 218 248 8 203 Ø8 c/c200
13&14 23.76 37 4.12 747 218 747 12 151 Ø12 c/c150
14&15 17.71 32 4.07 550 218 550 12 206 Ø12 c/c200
13&16 21.96 36 4.11 689 218 689 12 164 Ø12 c/c160
14&17 18.15 33 4.08 565 218 565 12 200 Ø12 c/c200
15&18 5.02 17 3.95 151 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
16&17 10.77 25 3.99 328 218 328 8 153 Ø8 c/c150
17&18 9.36 23 3.97 284 218 284 8 177 Ø8 c/c170
16&19 13.68 28 4.03 421 218 421 10 187 Ø10 c/c180
17&20 11.68 26 4 357 218 357 10 220 Ø10 c/c220
18&21 5.03 17 3.95 152 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
19&20 6.3 19 3.95 190 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
20&21 6.74 20 3.96 204 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
24&19,20,21 10.34 25 3.99 315 218 315 8 160 Ø8 c/c160
span
1 9.38 23 3.98 285 218 285 8 176 Ø8 c/c170
5.63 18 3.95 170 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
2 13.84 28 4.04 427 218 427 10 184 Ø10 c/c180
13.84 28 4.04 427 218 427 10 184 Ø10 c/c180
3 16.88 31 4.05 522 218 522 10 150 Ø10 c/c150
16.88 31 4.05 522 218 522 10 150 Ø10 c/c150
4 9.44 23 3.97 286 218 286 8 176 Ø8 c/c170
5.59 18 3.95 169 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230

5 10.28 24 3.99 313 218 313 8 161 Ø8 c/c160
10.21 24 3.99 311 218 311 8 162 Ø8 c/c160
6 13.18 28 4.04 406 218 406 10 193 Ø10 c/c190
13.18 28 4.04 406 218 406 10 193 Ø10 c/c190
7 6.91 20 3.96 209 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
5.82 18 3.95 175 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
8 5.48 18 3.95 165 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
8.22 22 3.98 250 218 250 8 201 Ø8 c/c200
9 6.94 20 3.96 210 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
9.61 24 3.99 293 218 293 8 172 Ø8 c/c170
10 5.51 18 3.95 166 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
5.51 18 3.95 166 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
11 5.73 18 3.95 173 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
9.48 24 3.99 289 218 289 8 174 Ø8 c/c170
12 6.89 20 3.96 208 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
10.37 25 3.99 316 218 316 8 159 Ø8 c/c150
13 21.85 36 4.11 686 218 686 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
22.03 36 4.11 691 218 691 12 164 Ø12 c/c160
14 16.98 31 4.05 525 218 525 10 150 Ø10 c/c150
17.32 32 4.06 537 218 537 12 211 Ø12 c/c210
15 7.47 21 3.97 226 218 226 8 222 Ø8 c/c220
7.47 21 3.97 226 218 226 8 222 Ø8 c/c220
16 10.35 25 3.99 315 218 315 10 249 Ø10 c/c240
14.15 29 4.04 436 218 436 10 180 Ø10 c/c180
17 7.66 21 3.97 232 218 232 8 217 Ø8 c/c210
11.18 26 4 341 218 341 10 230 Ø10 c/c230
18 7.1 20 3.96 215 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
5.35 18 3.95 161 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
19 5.23 17 3.95 158 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
7.85 21 3.97 238 218 238 8 211 Ø8 c/c210
20 4.28 16 3.95 129 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
7.13 20 3.96 216 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
21 6.84 20 3.96 207 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
4.36 16 3.95 131 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
2nd floor
support
1&2 23.27 37 4.12 732 218 732 12 155 Ø12 c/c150
4&5 23.75 37 4.12 747 218 747 12 151 Ø12 c/c150
5&6 17.62 32 4.06 546 218 546 12 207 Ø12 c/c200
1&7 20.94 35 4.11 657 218 657 12 172 Ø12 c/c170
2&8 20.94 35 4.11 657 218 657 12 172 Ø12 c/c170
4&10 23.44 37 4.12 737 218 737 12 153 Ø12 c/c150
5&11 18.79 33 4.08 585 218 585 12 193 Ø12 c/c190
6&12 5.52 18 3.95 166 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
7&8 12.15 27 4 371 218 371 10 212 Ø10 c/c210
10&11 12.52 27 4 382 218 382 10 205 Ø10 c/c200
11&12 10.72 25 3.99 327 218 327 8 154 Ø8 c/c150
13&1 19.97 34 4.09 623 218 623 12 181 Ø12 c/c180
14&2 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
15&4 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
16&5 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
17&11 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
18&10 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
19&8 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
20&7 19.97 34 4.09 623 218 623 12 181 Ø12 c/c180
span 0 0 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
1 17.82 32 4.06 552 218 552 12 205 Ø12 c/c200
17.82 32 4.06 552 218 552 12 205 Ø12 c/c200
2 18.71 33 4.08 583 218 583 12 194 Ø12 c/c190
18.47 33 4.08 575 218 575 12 197 Ø12 c/c190
4 21.21 35 4.11 665 218 665 12 170 Ø12 c/c170
21.69 36 4.12 682 218 682 12 166 Ø12 c/c160
5 19.24 33 4.08 599 218 599 12 189 Ø12 c/c180
18.39 33 4.08 573 218 573 12 197 Ø12 c/c190
6 7.53 21 3.96 228 218 228 8 221 Ø8 c/c220
3.88 15 3.95 117 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
7 12.15 27 4 371 218 371 10 212 Ø10 c/c210
13.19 28 4.02 405 218 405 10 194 Ø10 c/c190
8 10.48 25 3.99 319 218 319 10 246 Ø10 c/c240
14.84 29 4.04 458 218 458 10 172 Ø10 c/c170
10 10.66 25 3.99 325 218 325 10 242 Ø10 c/c240
15.28 30 4.05 472 218 472 10 166 Ø10 c/c160
11 8.53 22 3.98 259 218 259 8 194 Ø8 c/c190
11.53 26 4 352 218 352 10 223 Ø10 c/c220
12 7.68 21 3.96 232 218 232 8 217 Ø8 c/c210
4.82 17 3.95 145 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
3rd,4th&5th floor
support
1&2 25.96 39 4.16 824 218 824 14 187 Ø c/c180
4&5 23.75 37 4.12 747 218 747 12 151 Ø12 c/c150
5&6 17.7 32 4.06 549 218 549 12 206 Ø12 c/c200
1&7 23.44 37 4.12 737 218 737 12 153 Ø12 c/c150
2&8 23.44 37 4.12 737 218 737 12 153 Ø12 c/c150
4&10 23.44 37 4.12 737 218 737 12 153 Ø12 c/c150
5&11 18.79 33 4.08 585 218 585 12 193 Ø12 c/c190
6&12 5.57 18 3.95 168 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
7&8 13.68 28 4.04 422 218 422 10 186 Ø10 c/c180
10&11 12.52 27 4 382 218 382 10 205 Ø10 c/c200
11&12 10.72 25 3.99 327 218 327 8 154 Ø8 c/c150
13&1 19.97 34 4.09 623 218 623 12 181 Ø12 c/c180
14&2 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
15&4 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
16&5 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
17&11 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
18&10 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
19&8 21.75 36 4.12 684 218 684 12 165 Ø12 c/c160
20&7 19.97 34 4.09 623 218 623 12 181 Ø12 c/c180
span
1 20.85 35 4.11 654 218 654 12 173 Ø12 c/c170
20.6 35 4.11 646 218 646 12 175 Ø12 c/c170
2 20.85 35 4.11 654 218 654 12 173 Ø12 c/c170
20.6 35 4.11 646 218 646 12 175 Ø12 c/c170
4 21.21 35 4.11 665 218 665 12 170 Ø12 c/c170
21.69 36 4.12 682 218 682 12 166 Ø12 c/c160
5 19.4 34 4.09 606 218 606 12 187 Ø12 c/c180
18.39 33 4.08 573 218 573 12 197 Ø12 c/c190
6 7.53 21 3.96 228 218 228 8 221 Ø8 c/c220
3.88 15 3.95 117 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
7 10.48 25 3.99 319 218 319 8 157 Ø8 c/c150
14.84 29 4.04 458 218 458 10 172 Ø10 c/c170
8 10.48 25 3.99 319 218 319 8 157 Ø8 c/c150
14.84 29 4.04 458 218 458 10 172 Ø c/c170
10 10.66 25 3.99 325 218 325 8 155 Ø8 c/c150
15.28 30 4.05 472 218 472 10 166 Ø10 c/c160
11 8.53 22 3.98 259 218 259 8 194 Ø8 c/c190
11.55 26 4 353 218 353 10 223 Ø10 c/c220
12 7.68 21 3.96 232 218 232 8 217 Ø8 c/c210
4.82 17 3.95 145 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
6th floor
support
1&4a 17.71 32 4.07 550 218 550 12 206 Ø12 c/c200
1&8a 21.58 35 4.11 677 218 677 12 167 Ø12 c/c160
2&4a 17.71 32 4.07 550 218 550 12 206 Ø c/c200
2&5a 16.01 31 4.06 496 218 496 10 158 Ø10 c/c150
3&5a 16.01 31 4.06 496 218 496 10 158 Ø10 c/c150
3&9a 20.66 35 4.11 648 218 648 12 174 Ø12 c/c170
6&8b 21.58 35 4.11 677 218 677 12 167 Ø12 c/c160
6&4b 17.71 32 4.07 550 218 550 12 206 Ø12 c/c200
7&9b 20.66 35 4.11 648 218 648 12 174 Ø12 c/c170
7&5b 16.01 31 4.06 496 218 496 12 228 Ø12 c/c220
4a&8a 19.65 34 4.09 614 218 614 12 184 Ø12 c/c180
8b&4b 19.61 34 4.09 612 218 612 12 185 Ø12 c/c180
4b&10 12.2 27 4 373 218 373 10 211 Ø10 c/c210
4a&5a 16.11 31 4.06 499 218 499 10 157 Ø10 c/c150
8a&9a 21.12 35 4.11 663 218 663 12 171 Ø12 c/c170
8b&9b 21.12 35 4.11 663 218 663 12 171 Ø12 c/c170
4b&5b 16.1 31 4.06 499 218 499 10 157 Ø10 c/c150
10&11 5.85 18 3.95 176 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
5a&9a 11.8 26 4 360 218 360 10 218 Ø c/c210
9b&5b 11.8 26 4 360 218 360 10 218 Ø10 c/c210
5b&11 9.7 24 3.99 295 218 295 8 170 Ø8 c/c170
span
4a 13.89 28 4.04 428 218 428 10 183 Ø10 c/c180
13.72 28 4.04 423 218 423 10 186 Ø10 c/c180
5a 6.98 20 3.96 211 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
9.6 24 3.99 292 218 292 8 172 Ø8 c/c170
8a&8b 16.96 31 4.06 526 218 526 12 215 Ø12 c/c210
16.72 31 4.06 518 218 518 10 152 Ø c/c150
9a&9b 10.74 25 3.99 327 218 327 8 154 Ø8 c/c150
16.03 31 4.06 497 218 497 10 158 Ø10 c/c150
4b 15.98 31 4.06 495 218 495 10 159 Ø10 c/c150
15.27 30 4.05 472 218 472 10 166 Ø10 c/c160
5b 6.98 20 3.96 211 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
9.6 24 3.99 292 218 292 8 172 Ø8 c/c170
10 4.3 16 3.95 130 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
8.35 22 3.98 254 218 254 8 198 Ø8 c/c190
11 4.9 17 3.95 148 218 218 8 230 Ø8 c/c230
7.71 21 3.96 233 218 233 8 216 Ø8 c/c210
stair cover slab 25.54 39 4.17 813 218 813 14 189 Ø14 c/c180
one way slab 11.21 26 4 342 218 342 10 229 Ø10 c/c220
11.0 Bar cutoff and bar splices (slabs)

Bars are cut off where they are not supposed to resist moments. For slabs support moments
are cutoff some distance away from support.
For simplicity support bars are cut in the following relative distances relative to their span.
Fig 2.20
12.0 Lap length

The basic anchorage length which develops the full design strength of a straight reinforcing
bar is given by
Lb =  * fyd /(8fctd) for deformed bars.
fctd = 0.21(20)2/3/1.5, for C-25 concrete
1.032Mp
Fyd = 260.87 Mp for S-300 steel
 Lb=  *260.87/(8*1.032) = 31.6 
For deformed bars the required anchorage length
The required development length Lb,net is calculated as

Lb,net = 1*31.6*  * As,cal/As,eff
= 31.6  *As,cal/As,eff and 0 7 *31.6  *As,cal/As,eff for hooked tension bars
Lb,min is the minimum anchorage length ]

 For bars in tension, Lb,min = 0.3Lb≥10 
≥200mm
 For bars in compression, Lb,min = 0.0.6Lb≥10 
≥200mm
 The anchorage length of bars that are bent up as shear reinforcement shall be at least
equal to 1.3*Lb,net in tensions and 0.7* Lb,net in zones subjected to compression
The lap length Lo shall be at least equal to
Lo≥a1* Lb,net ≥ Looming
Where looming = 0.3aa1Lb ≥200mm
a1 is a function of the percentage of the reinforcement lapped at any one section
as given in EBCS-2 Table 7.3
Therefore , for hundred percent 100% of lapping at a section, a1 =1.4
Looming = 1.4*0.3*a* Lb
= 0.42 a Lb
Generally the lap length Lo shall at least be equal to the basic anchorage length Lb.
For  24
looming = 0.42*1*31.6*24≥15*24
= 320≥360mm
= 360mm
For  20
lo,min = 0.42*1*31.6*20≥15*20
= 270≥300mm
300mm
But
Lo≥a1* Lb,net ≥ Lo,min
≥1.4*31.6*  ≥ 0.42*31.6 
≥45  ≥13.3 
Lo ≥45 
For  24
Lo ≥45*24 = 1080mm
For  20
Lo ≥45*20 = 900mm
For  16
Lo ≥45*16 = 720mm

2.2 Stair case analysis and design

Stair case analysis and design is similar to slabs. It involves the steps followed by slabs. The
inclined configuration is analyzed by projecting the loads on a horizontal plane.
The stair has three flights. Each have their own dimension and support condition.
A. stair 1
 The stair from ground level to 1.05m height can be modeled as follows.
Above the ground the stair starts from slab rather than from ground. Therefore, it is modeled
as follows.
B. stair 2
This stair runs from the first landing to the second landing. It is totally supported
by the lower and upper stairs on their respective landings.

C. stair 3
This stair runs from the second landing to the end of the next floor. It is modeled as.

The minimum depth of slab for deflection requirement is
0.6 f yk Le
d  ( 0 .4  )*
400 a
For concrete C-25 and steel of S-300
Le
d  0.85
a
 For stair 1,Le =3350mm and  a = 20 ( simply supported )
3550
d  (0.85 * =150.88mm
20
 For stair 2, Le =3750mm and  a = 20 ( simply supported )
3750
d  (0.85 * =159.34mm
20
 For stair 3, Le = 3500mm and  a =24( end stair)
3550
d  (0.85 * =125.73mm
24
Therefore, the governing depth is 159.34mm
Taking 14 and concrete cover of 15mm, the over all depth is computed by.
D = 159.34+15+14 = 198.34mm
Take D = 200mm, where d =170mm.
2. Loading
Soffit
i. dead load
o self weight
 weight of the triangular section

volume = 0.5*0.18*0.3 = 0.05m3

weight = 0.05*24 = 1.2KN/m
 weight of the inclined soffit = 0.2*24 = 4.8KN/m
total weight = 6KN/m
o floor finish
 2 cm terrazzo ff
Volume = 0.02*0.18*1.75+0.02*0.3*1.75 = 0.02m 3
weight = 0.02*23 *5*23 = 2.3KN
total area = 1.5*1.75 = 2.625
2 .3
weight per unit length =  0.88 KN / m
2.625
 3 cm cement screed
2 .5
Weight per unit meter =  0.95 KN / m
2.625
DL = 6+0.88+0.95 = 7.83KN/m
ii. Live load for staircase is 3KN/m2
design load , Pd = 1.3*7.83+1.6*3 = 13.42KN/m
Landing
i. dead load
The weight similarly calculated as above.
o Self weight = 4.8KN/m
o Floor finish = 1.06KN/m
ii. live load = 3KN/m2
Design load, Pd = 1.3*4.8+1.6*3 = 12.4 KN/m
3. Analysis
Stair 2
Taking summation of moments at one end, q is solved.

12.42 * 2.25 13.42 *1.5
q 2  2 =16.89KN/m
2.25 2.25
The maximum span moment = 15.08 KNm

Stair1
A. starting from ground level
Loading
Shear force diagram
Bending moment diagram
B. for floors above the ground
Loading
Shear force diagram

3. stair 3
Loading
Shear force diagram
4. Reinforcement
Using the sap2000 analysis results, reinforcement for each moments are calculated using
EBCS-2 part-2 design chart.
Effective depth of the stairs is 170mm.
Main reinforcement bars
Spacing
Md calculated
ks * Md 1000a s Spacing
Km  b AS= =
Name moment Ks d AS Provided
d
support 31.34 32.9 4.08 752 12 C/C150
Stair 1
span 33.63 34.1 4.1 822 12 C/C 130
support - - - - - -
Stair 2 span 15.08 22.8 3.97 352 10 C/C 220
Stair 3 support 31.34 32.9 4.08 752 12 C/C 150
Span 21.88 27.5 4.02 517 10 C/C 150

Chapter 3
Earth quake analysis
3.1 Determination of design earth quake force
The seismic base shear force, Fb, for each main direction is determined from:
I. determination of base shear
Fb = Sd(T1)W
Sd(T1) = α ß γ
The parameter α is the ratio of the design bed rock acceleration to acceleration of gravity,
g and is given by:
α = α0I
αo =the bed rock acceleration ratio for the site and depends on the seismic zone as
given in table 1.1 of EBCS-8, 95 (page 10).
Zone 4 3 2 1
αo 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.03
In our case the building is in Mekelle which is located in zone 4; this implies αo = 0.1
I = the importance factor of the building (table 2.4, EBCS-8, 95, page 29)
The structure is under category II of EBCS-8 ; there fore I = 1.2
The parameter ß is the design response factor for the site and is given by:
1 .2 S
  2/3
 2 .5
T1
S = site coefficient for soil characteristics. Table 1.2 (page 11)
Sub soil A B C
class
S 1.0 1.2 1.5
The soil is sub soil class A (class A includes rock, stiff deposits of sand, gravel or over
consolidated clay). There fore S = 1.0.
T1 = the fundamental period of vibration of the structure (in sec) for translational motion in
the direction of motion. For buildings with heights up to 80m, the value of T 1 may be
approximated using:
T1= C1H3/4
Where H = height of the building above the base in meters
= 25.7m
C1 = 0.075 for RC moment resisting frames and eccentrically braced
steel frames.
Hence T1= 0.075*(25.7)3/4 = 0.86
1 .2 * 1 .0
  2.5   1.33  2.5 OK
0.86 2 / 3
The parameter γ is the behavior factor to account for energy dissipation capacity, shall be
derived for each design direction as follows.
γ = γo KD KR KW ≤ 0.70
Where γo = basic type of the behavior factor, dependent on the structural type (table 3.2
Page 37)

KD= factor reflecting the ductility class (page 35 and 38)

KR= factor reflecting the structural regularity in elevation (page 38)
KW= factor reflecting the prevailing failure mode in structural systems with
walls (page 38)
γ = 0.2*2*1.2 = 0.5 ≤ 0.7 OK
Sd(T1) = α ß γ = 0.12*1.33*0.5 = 0.08
W= seismic dead load, obtained as the total permanent load plus 20% of the floor live
load.
3.2 Calculations center of mass and center of stiffness

The horizontal forces at each floor level, Fi, determined in the above manner are distributed
to lateral load resistive structural elements in proportion to their rigidities assuming rigid
floor diaphragms.
 Center of mass (Xm, Ym): it is a point on a floor level where the whole floor mass
and its inertial effects can be replaced using a lumped equivalent mass.
Xm 
Wi X i ; Ym 
WiYi
Wi Wi
Where Xm, Ym= the coordinate of the point of application of Fi when the seismic action is
parallel to the Y-direction and X-direction respectively.
3.2.1 Roof level

unit
designation area height vol weight weight x y wixi wiyi
roofing
roof-1
truss 0.00785 569.25 4.4686 8.5 37.983 5.75 5.25 218.4 199.412
purline 0.0035 200 0.7 6 4.2 5.75 5.25 24.15 22.05
G-28 CIS 158.397 0.0004 0.0624 76 4.743 5.75 5.25 27.272 24.901
ceiling 153 0.008 1.224 8 9.792 5.75 5.25 56.304 51.408
parapet 10.2 1.7 17.34 14 242.76 5.5 5.5 1335.2 1335.18
roof-2 0 0
truss 0.00785 569.25 4.4686 8.5 37.983 25.5 5.25 968.57 199.412
purline 0.0035 240 0.84 6 5.04 25.5 5.25 128.52 26.46
G-28 CIS 194.114 0.0004 0.0765 76 5.8125 25.5 5.25 148.22 30.5159
ceiling 187.5 0.008 1.5 8 12 25.5 5.25 306 63
parapet 11.2 1.7 19.04 14 266.56 24.85 5.5 6624 1466.08
tie beam 0 0
x2 0.075 10.5 0.7875 24 18.9 0 5.25 0 99.225
3 0.075 10.5 0.7875 24 18.9 6 5.25 113.4 99.225
4 0.075 10.5 0.7875 24 18.9 12 5.25 226.8 99.225
5 0.075 10.5 0.7875 24 18.9 18 5.25 340.2 99.225
6 0.075 10.5 0.7875 24 18.9 24 5.25 453.6 99.225
7 0.075 10.5 0.7875 24 18.9 30 5.25 567 99.225
8 0.075 10.5 0.7875 24 18.9 33 5.25 623.7 99.225
y2 0.075 33 2.475 24 59.4 16.5 0 980.1 0
3 0.075 33 2.475 24 59.4 16.5 4.5 980.1 267.3
4 0.075 33 2.475 24 59.4 16.5 10.5 980.1 623.7
937.37 15102 5003.99

stair
flat slab
36 0.12 4.32 24 103.68 15 7.5 1555.2 777.6
wall 4.8 1.7 8.16 24 195.84 15 7.5 2937.6 1468.8
beam 0.075 24 1.8 24 43.2 15 7.5 648 324
column 0.09 6.8 0.612 25 15.3 15 7.5 229.5 114.75
3.2.2 6th floor level
6th floor level

unit
Slab area height vol weight weight x y wixi wiyi
1 33 0.16 5.28 24 126.72 2.5 1.75 316.8 221.76
2 42 0.16 6.72 24 161.28 2.5 8 403.2 1290.24
3 33 0.16 5.28 24 126.72 9 1.75 1140.48 221.76
4 42 0.16 6.72 24 161.28 9 8 1451.52 1290.24
5 33 0.16 5.28 24 126.72 21 1.75 2661.12 221.76
6 42 0.16 6.72 24 161.28 21 8 3386.88 1290.24
7 33 0.16 5.28 24 126.72 27 1.75 3421.44 221.76
8 42 0.16 6.72 24 161.28 27 8 4354.56 1290.24
9 13.5 0.16 2.16 24 51.84 31.5 2.25 1632.96 116.64
10 18 0.16 2.88 24 69.12 31.5 7.5 2177.28 518.4
wall 1272.96 20946.24 6683.04
1 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 6 1.75 277.2 80.85
2 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 12 1.75 554.4 80.85
3 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 18 1.75 831.6 80.85
4 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 24 1.75 1108.8 80.85
5 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 30 1.75 1386 80.85
6 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 33 2.25 1247.4 85.05
7 1.2 3 3.6 14 50.4 33 7.5 1663.2 378
8 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 30 8.75 1386 404.25
9 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 24 8.75 1108.8 404.25
10 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 18 8.75 831.6 404.25
11 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 12 8.75 554.4 404.25
12 1.1 3 3.3 14 46.2 6 8.75 277.2 404.25
13 2.5 3 7.5 14 105 -1 5.25 -105 551.25
14 2.6 3 7.8 14 109.2 5.5 -1 600.6 -109.2
15 2.4 3 7.2 14 100.8 24 -1 2419.2 -100.8
16 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 27.6 4.5 1112.832 181.44
17 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 20.4 4.5 822.528 181.44
18 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 9.6 4.5 387.072 181.44
19 1.16 3 3.48 14 48.72 2.4 4.5 116.928 219.24
20 1.16 3 3.48 14 48.72 2.4 6 116.928 292.32
21 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 9.6 6 387.072 241.92
22 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 20.4 6 822.528 241.92
23 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 27.6 6 1112.832 241.92
24 2.8 3 8.4 14 117.6 24 11.375 2822.4 1337.7
25 1.2 3 3.6 14 50.4 15 10.5 756 529.2
26 2.6 3 7.8 14 109.2 5.5 11.375 600.6 1242.15
27 0.6 3 1.8 14 25.2 31.5 10.5 793.8 264.6
28 0.6 3 1.8 14 25.2 31.5 0 793.8 0
beam 1532.16 24786.72 8385.09
x2 0.09 10.5 0.945 24 22.68 0 5.25 0 119.07
3 0.09 10.5 0.945 24 22.68 6 5.25 136.08 119.07
4 0.09 10.5 0.945 24 22.68 12 5.25 272.16 119.07
5 0.09 10.5 0.945 24 22.68 18 5.25 408.24 119.07
6 0.09 10.5 0.945 24 22.68 24 5.25 544.32 119.07
7 0.09 10.5 0.945 24 22.68 30 5.25 680.4 119.07
8 0.09 10.5 0.945 24 22.68 33 5.25 748.44 119.07
y2 0.09 33 2.97 24 71.28 16.5 0 1176.12 0
3 0.09 33 2.97 24 71.28 16.5 4.5 1176.12 320.76
4 0.09 33 2.97 24 71.28 16.5 10.5 1176.12 748.44
372.6 6318 1902.69
column
1 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 0 10.5 0 68.04
2 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 6 10.5 38.88 68.04
3 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 12 10.5 77.76 68.04
4 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 18 10.5 116.64 68.04
5 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 24 10.5 155.52 68.04
6 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 30 10.5 194.4 68.04
7 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 33 10.5 213.84 68.04
8 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 0 4.5 0 29.16
9 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 6 4.5 38.88 29.16
10 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 12 4.5 77.76 29.16
11 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 18 4.5 116.64 29.16
12 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 24 4.5 155.52 29.16
13 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 30 4.5 194.4 29.16
14 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 33 4.5 213.84 29.16
15 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 0 0 0 0
16 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 6 0 38.88 0
17 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 12 0 77.76 0
18 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 18 0 116.64 0
19 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 24 0 155.52 0
20 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 30 0 194.4 0
21 0.09 3 0.27 24 6.48 33 0 213.84 0
terrazzo
ff 136.08 2391.12 680.4
slab
1 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 2.5 1.75 37.95 26.565
2 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 2.5 8 48.3 154.56
3 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 9 1.75 136.62 26.565
4 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 9 8 173.88 154.56
5 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 21 1.75 318.78 26.565
6 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 21 8 405.72 154.56
7 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 27 1.75 409.86 26.565
8 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 27 8 521.64 154.56
9 13.5 0.02 0.27 23 6.21 31.5 2.25 195.615 13.9725
10 18 0.02 0.36 23 8.28 31.5 7.5 260.82 62.1
cement screed
1 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 2.5 1.75 49.5 34.65
2 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 2.5 8 63 201.6
3 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 9 1.75 178.2 34.65
4 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 9 8 226.8 201.6
5 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 21 1.75 415.8 34.65
6 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 21 8 529.2 201.6
7 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 27 1.75 534.6 34.65
8 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 27 8 680.4 201.6
9 13.5 0.03 0.405 20 8.1 31.5 2.25 255.15 18.225
10 18 0.03 0.54 20 10.8 31.5 7.5 340.2 81
351.39 5782.035 1844.798

3.2.3 2nd , 3rd ,4th & 5th floor levels
2nd, 3rd ,4th & 5th floors levels

unit
slab area height vol weight weight x y wixi wiyi
1 27 0.16 4.32 24 103.68 3 2.25 311.04 233.28
2 36 0.16 5.76 24 138.24 3 7.5 414.72 1036.8
3 27 0.16 4.32 24 103.68 9 2.25 933.12 233.28
4 36 0.16 5.76 24 138.24 9 7.5 1244.16 1036.8
5 27 0.16 4.32 24 103.68 21 2.25 2177.28 233.28
6 36 0.16 5.76 24 138.24 21 7.5 2903.04 1036.8
7 27 0.16 4.32 24 103.68 24 2.25 2488.32 233.28
8 36 0.16 5.76 24 138.24 24 7.5 3317.76 1036.8
9 13.5 0.16 2.16 24 51.84 25.5 2.25 1321.92 116.64
10 18 0.16 2.88 24 69.12 25.5 7.5 1762.56 518.4
wall 1088.64 16873.92 5715.36
1 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 6 2.25 226.8 85.05
2 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 12 2.25 453.6 85.05
3 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 18 2.25 680.4 85.05
4 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 24 2.25 907.2 85.05
5 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 30 2.25 1134 85.05
6 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 33 2.25 1247.4 85.05
7 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 33 7.5 1247.4 283.5
8 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 30 8.25 1134 311.85
9 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 24 8.25 907.2 311.85
10 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 18 8.25 680.4 311.85
11 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 12 8.25 453.6 311.85
12 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 6 8.25 226.8 311.85
13 0.8 3 2.4 14 33.6 1 -1 33.6 -33.6
14 1.6 3 4.8 14 67.2 6 -0.125 403.2 -8.4
15 0.8 3 2.4 14 33.6 10.5 -1 352.8 -33.6
16 0.8 3 2.4 14 33.6 19.5 -1 655.2 -33.6
17 1.6 3 4.8 14 67.2 24 -0.125 1612.8 -8.4
18 0.8 3 2.4 14 33.6 28.5 -1 957.6 -33.6
19 0.6 3 1.8 14 25.2 31.5 0 793.8 0
20 0.6 3 1.8 14 25.2 31.5 4.5 793.8 113.4
21 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 27.6 4.5 1112.832 181.44
22 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 20.4 4.5 822.528 181.44
23 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 9.6 4.5 387.072 181.44
24 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 2.4 4.5 96.768 181.44
25 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 2.4 6 96.768 241.92
26 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 9.6 6 387.072 241.92
27 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 20.4 6 822.528 241.92
28 0.96 3 2.88 14 40.32 27.6 6 1112.832 241.92
29 0.6 3 1.8 14 25.2 31.5 6 793.8 151.2
30 0.6 3 1.8 14 25.2 31.5 10.5 793.8 264.6
31 3.2 3 9.6 14 134.4 24 10.625 3225.6 1428
32 1.2 3 3.6 14 50.4 15 10.5 756 529.2
33 0.6 3 1.8 14 25.2 10.5 11.5 264.6 289.8
34 1.6 3 4.8 14 67.2 6 10.625 403.2 714
35 0.8 3 2.4 14 33.6 1 11.5 33.6 386.4
36 0.8 3 2.4 14 33.6 -1 9.5 -33.6 319.2
37 1 3 3 14 42-0.125 -5.5 -5.25 -231
38 0.8 3 2.4 14 33.6 -1 1 -33.6 33.6
beam 1565.76 25938.15 7893.69
x2 0.105 10.5 1.1025 24 26.46 0 5.25 0 138.915
3 0.105 10.5 1.1025 24 26.46 6 5.25 158.76 138.915
4 0.105 10.5 1.1025 24 26.46 12 5.25 317.52 138.915
5 0.105 10.5 1.1025 24 26.46 18 5.25 476.28 138.915
6 0.105 10.5 1.1025 24 26.46 24 5.25 635.04 138.915
7 0.105 10.5 1.1025 24 26.46 30 5.25 793.8 138.915
8 0.105 10.5 1.1025 24 26.46 33 5.25 873.18 138.915
y2 0.105 33 3.465 24 83.16 16.5 0 1372.14 0
3 0.105 33 3.465 24 83.16 16.5 4.5 1372.14 374.22
4 0.105 33 3.465 24 83.16 16.5 10.5 1372.14 873.18
column 434.7 7371 2219.805
1 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 0 10.5 0 79.38
2 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 6 10.5 45.36 79.38
3 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 12 10.5 90.72 79.38
4 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 18 10.5 136.08 79.38
5 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 24 10.5 181.44 79.38
6 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 30 10.5 226.8 79.38
7 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 33 10.5 249.48 79.38
8 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 0 4.5 0 34.02
9 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 6 4.5 45.36 34.02
10 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 12 4.5 90.72 34.02
11 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 18 4.5 136.08 34.02
12 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 24 4.5 181.44 34.02
13 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 30 4.5 226.8 34.02
14 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 33 4.5 249.48 34.02
15 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 0 0 0 0
16 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 6 0 45.36 0
17 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 12 0 90.72 0
18 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 18 0 136.08 0
19 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 24 0 181.44 0
20 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 30 0 226.8 0
21 0.105 3 0.315 24 7.56 33 0 249.48 0
terrazzo ff 158.76 2789.64 793.8
1 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 2.5 1.75 37.95 26.565
2 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 2.5 8 48.3 154.56
3 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 9 1.75 136.62 26.565
4 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 9 8 173.88 154.56
5 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 21 1.75 318.78 26.565
6 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 21 8 405.72 154.56
7 33 0.02 0.66 23 15.18 27 1.75 409.86 26.565
8 42 0.02 0.84 23 19.32 27 8 521.64 154.56
9 13.5 0.02 0.27 23 6.21 31.5 2.25 195.615 13.9725
10 18 0.02 0.36 23 8.28 31.5 7.5 260.82 62.1
cement screed
1 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 2.5 1.75 49.5 34.65
2 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 2.5 8 63 201.6
3 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 9 1.75 178.2 34.65
4 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 9 8 226.8 201.6
5 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 21 1.75 415.8 34.65
6 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 21 8 529.2 201.6
7 33 0.03 0.99 20 19.8 27 1.75 534.6 34.65
8 42 0.03 1.26 20 25.2 27 8 680.4 201.6
9 13.5 0.03 0.405 20 8.1 31.5 2.25 255.15 18.225
10 18 0.03 0.54 20 10.8 31.5 7.5 340.2 81
staircase 0 0
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.16 0.0048 24 0.1152 13 9.75 1.4976 1.1232
2 0.03 0.16 0.0048 24 0.1152 17 9.75 1.9584 1.1232
3 14.4 0.16 2.304 24 55.296 15 5.7 829.44 315.1872
stairs 0 0
1 0.3585 1.5 0.53775 24 12.906 12.75 8.1 164.5515 104.5386
2 0.3585 1.5 0.53775 24 12.906 17.25 8.1 222.6285 104.5386
3 0.299 1.5 0.4485 24 10.764 14.75 9.75 158.769 104.949
floor finishes(2cm thick terrazzo tile
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.02 0.0006 23 0.0138 13 9.75 0.1794 0.13455
2 0.03 0.02 0.0006 23 0.0138 17 9.75 0.2346 0.13455
3 14.4 0.02 0.288 23 6.624 15 5.7 99.36 37.7568
stairs 0 0
1 2.7 0.02 0.054 23 1.242 12.75 8.1 15.8355 10.0602
2 2.7 0.02 0.054 23 1.242 17.25 8.1 21.4245 10.0602
3 2.25 0.02 0.045 23 1.035 14.75 9.75 15.26625 10.09125
floor finishes(3cm cement screed)
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.03 0.0009 20 0.018 13 9.75 0.234 0.1755
2 0.03 0.03 0.0009 20 0.018 17 9.75 0.306 0.1755
3 14.4 0.03 0.432 20 8.64 15 5.7 129.6 49.248
stairs 0 0
1 2.7 0.03 0.081 20 1.62 12.75 8.1 20.655 13.122
2 2.7 0.03 0.081 20 1.62 17.25 8.1 27.945 13.122
3 2.25 0.03 0.0675 20 1.35 14.75 9.75 19.9125 13.1625
466.929 7511.833 2633.5
3.2.4 First floor level

1st floor 0 0
slab 0 0
1 27 0.18 4.86 24 116.64 3 2.25 349.92 262.44
2 36 0.18 6.48 24 155.52 3 7.5 466.56 1166.4
3 45 0.18 8.1 24 194.4 3 14.25 583.2 2770.2
4 45 0.18 8.1 24 194.4 9 14.25 1749.6 2770.2
5 36 0.18 6.48 24 155.52 9 7.5 1399.68 1166.4
6 27 0.18 4.86 24 116.64 9 2.25 1049.76 262.44
7 27 0.18 4.86 24 116.64 21 2.25 2449.44 262.44
8 36 0.18 6.48 24 155.52 21 7.5 3265.92 1166.4
9 36 0.18 6.48 24 155.52 27 7.5 4199.04 1166.4
10 27 0.18 4.86 24 116.64 27 2.25 3149.28 262.44
11 13.5 0.18 2.43 24 58.32 31.5 2.25 1837.08 131.22
12 18 0.18 3.24 24 77.76 31.5 7.5 2449.44 583.2
13 74.25 0.18 13.365 24 320.76 3.75 -2.25 1202.85 -721.71
14 81 0.18 14.58 24 349.92 -2.25 9 -787.32 3149.28
15 67.5 0.18 12.15 24 291.6 28.5 2.25 8310.6 656.1
wall 2575.8 31675.05 15053.85
1 1.98 3 5.94 14 83.16 6 10.5 498.96 873.18
2 4.2 3 12.6 14 176.4 22.5 10.5 3969 1852.2
3 1.04 3 3.12 14 43.68 20.62 5.5 900.6816 240.24
4 1.04 3 3.12 14 43.68 25.59 5.5 1117.771 240.24
5 0.46 3 1.38 14 19.32 30.82 5.5 595.4424 106.26
6 1.62 3 4.86 14 68.04 28.95 4.5 1969.758 306.18
7 0.78 3 2.34 14 32.76 22.09 4.5 723.6684 147.42
8 2.4 3 7.2 14 100.8 6 18 604.8 1814.4
9 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 12 2.25 453.6 85.05
10 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 12 8.25 453.6 311.85
11 2.1 3 6.3 14 88.2 18 5.25 1587.6 463.05
12 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 20.1 2.25 759.78 85.05
13 0.9 3 2.7 14 37.8 33 2.25 1247.4 85.05
14 1.2 3 3.6 14 50.4 33 7.5 1663.2 378
15 1 3 3 14 42 30 8 1260 336
16 3.6 3 10.8 25 270 0 9 0 2430
17 2.4 3 7.2 25 180 6 0 1080 0
18 3 3 9 25 225 25.5 0 5737.5 0
beam 1574.64 24622.76 9754.17
x1 0.12 22.75 2.73 24 65.52 -4 6.625 -262.08 434.07
2 0.12 22.75 2.73 24 65.52 0 6.625 0 434.07
3 0.12 22.75 2.73 24 65.52 6 6.625 393.12 434.07
4 0.12 22.75 2.73 24 65.52 12 6.625 786.24 434.07
5 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 18 2.875 790.56 126.27
6 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 24 2.875 1054.08 126.27
7 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 30 2.875 1317.6 126.27
8 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 33 2.875 1449.36 126.27
y1 0.12 37.75 4.53 24 108.72 14.125 -4 1535.67 -434.88

2 0.12 37.75 4.53 24 108.72 14.125 0 1535.67 0
3 0.12 37.75 4.53 24 108.72 14.125 4.5 1535.67 489.24
4 0.12 37.75 4.53 24 108.72 14.125 10.5 1535.67 1141.56
5 0.12 16.75 2.01 24 48.24 3.625 16.5 174.87 795.96
column 920.88 11846.43 4233.24
1 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 0 10.5 0 120.96
2 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 6 10.5 69.12 120.96
3 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 10.5 138.24 120.96
4 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 18 10.5 207.36 120.96
5 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 24 10.5 276.48 120.96
6 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 30 10.5 345.6 120.96
7 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 33 10.5 380.16 120.96
8 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 0 4.5 0 51.84
9 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 6 4.5 69.12 51.84
10 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 4.5 138.24 51.84
11 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 18 4.5 207.36 51.84
12 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 24 4.5 276.48 51.84
13 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 30 4.5 345.6 51.84
14 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 33 4.5 380.16 51.84
15 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 0 0 0 0
16 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 6 0 69.12 0
17 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 0 138.24 0
18 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 18 0 207.36 0
19 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 24 0 276.48 0
20 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 30 0 345.6 0
21 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 33 0 380.16 0
terrazo ff 241.92 4250.88 1209.6
1 27 0.02 0.54 23 12.42 3 2.25 37.26 27.945
2 36 0.02 0.72 23 16.56 3 7.5 49.68 124.2
3 45 0.02 0.9 23 20.7 3 14.25 62.1 294.975
4 45 0.02 0.9 23 20.7 9 14.25 186.3 294.975
5 36 0.02 0.72 23 16.56 9 7.5 149.04 124.2
6 27 0.02 0.54 23 12.42 9 2.25 111.78 27.945
7 27 0.02 0.54 23 12.42 21 2.25 260.82 27.945
8 36 0.02 0.72 23 16.56 21 7.5 347.76 124.2
9 36 0.02 0.72 23 16.56 27 7.5 447.12 124.2
10 27 0.02 0.54 23 12.42 27 2.25 335.34 27.945
11 13.5 0.02 0.27 23 6.21 31.5 2.25 195.615 13.9725
12 18 0.02 0.36 23 8.28 31.5 7.5 260.82 62.1
13 74.25 0.02 1.485 23 34.155 3.75 -2.25 128.0813 -76.8488
14 81 0.02 1.62 23 37.26 -2.25 9 -83.835 335.34
15 67.5 0.02 1.35 23 31.05 28.5 2.25 884.925 69.8625
cement screed
1 27 0.03 0.81 20 16.2 3 2.25 48.6 36.45

2 36 0.03 1.08 20 21.6 3 7.5 64.8 162
3 45 0.03 1.35 20 27 3 14.25 81 384.75
4 45 0.03 1.35 20 27 9 14.25 243 384.75
5 36 0.03 1.08 20 21.6 9 7.5 194.4 162
6 27 0.03 0.81 20 16.2 9 2.25 145.8 36.45
7 27 0.03 0.81 20 16.2 21 2.25 340.2 36.45
8 36 0.03 1.08 20 21.6 21 7.5 453.6 162
9 36 0.03 1.08 20 21.6 27 7.5 583.2 162
10 27 0.03 0.81 20 16.2 27 2.25 437.4 36.45
11 13.5 0.03 0.405 20 8.1 31.5 2.25 255.15 18.225
12 18 0.03 0.54 20 10.8 31.5 7.5 340.2 81
13 74.25 0.03 2.2275 20 44.55 3.75 -2.25 167.0625 -100.238
14 81 0.03 2.43 20 48.6 -2.25 9 -109.35 437.4
15 67.5 0.03 2.025 20 40.5 28.5 2.25 1154.25 91.125
staircase 0 0
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.16 0.0048 24 0.1152 13 9.75 1.4976 1.1232
2 0.03 0.16 0.0048 24 0.1152 17 9.75 1.9584 1.1232
3 14.4 0.16 2.304 24 55.296 15 5.7 829.44 315.1872
stairs 0 0
1 0.3585 1.5 0.53775 24 12.906 12.75 8.1 164.5515 104.5386
2 0.3585 1.5 0.53775 24 12.906 17.25 8.1 222.6285 104.5386
3 0.299 1.5 0.4485 24 10.764 14.75 9.75 158.769 104.949
floor finishes(2cm thick terrazo tile) 182.1024 0 0
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.02 0.0006 23 0.0138 13 9.75 0.1794 0.13455
2 0.03 0.02 0.0006 23 0.0138 17 9.75 0.2346 0.13455
3 14.4 0.02 0.288 23 6.624 15 5.7 99.36 37.7568
stairs 0 0
1 2.7 0.02 0.054 23 1.242 12.75 8.1 15.8355 10.0602
2 2.7 0.02 0.054 23 1.242 17.25 8.1 21.4245 10.0602
3 2.25 0.02 0.045 23 1.035 14.75 9.75 15.26625 10.09125
floor finishes(3cm cement screed
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.03 0.0009 20 0.018 13 9.75 0.234 0.1755
2 0.03 0.03 0.0009 20 0.018 17 9.75 0.306 0.1755
3 14.4 0.03 0.432 20 8.64 15 5.7 129.6 49.248
stairs 0 0
1 2.7 0.03 0.081 20 1.62 12.75 8.1 20.655 13.122
2 2.7 0.03 0.081 20 1.62 17.25 8.1 27.945 13.122
3 2.25 0.03 0.0675 20 1.35 14.75 9.75 19.9125 13.1625
929.6664 9501.917 4482.472

3.2.5 Mezzanine levels
mezanine@3 0 0
slab 0 0
1 83.89 0.18 15.1002 24 362.4048 0.6 14.38 217.44 5211.38
2 46.56 0.18 8.3808 24 201.1392 9 14.38 1810.25 2892.38
wall 563.544 2027.70 8103.76
1 4.59 3 13.77 14 192.78 -4.14 6.79 -798.11 1308.98
2 1.16 3 3.48 14 48.72 6 14.38 292.32 700.59
3 1.55 3 4.65 14 65.1 12.08 14.38 786.41 936.14
4 1.2 0.6 0.72 14 10.08 12.08 7.5 121.77 75.60
11 2 0.6 1.2 14 16.8 0.6 10.58 10.08 177.74
12 1.04 3 3.12 14 43.68 9.4 10.58 410.59 462.13
15 1.84 3 5.52 14 77.28 12.08 -0.1 933.54 -7.73
16 1.2 3 3.6 14 50.4 15 2.25 756.00 113.40
17 1.2 3 3.6 14 50.4 15 0 756.00 0.00
18 1.2 0.6 0.72 14 10.08 15 10.58 151.20 106.65
19 3.36 3 10.08 14 141.12 3.6 18.11 508.03 2555.68
20 3.36 3 10.08 14 141.12 3.6 -4.62 508.03 -651.97
22 0.23 3 0.69 14 9.66 11.25 15 108.68 144.90
23 0.45 3 1.35 14 18.9 10.5 16.5 198.45 311.85
24 2.36 3 7.08 14 99.12 1.1 4 109.03 396.48
33 0.07 2.4 0.168 24 4.032 18 -4 72.58 -16.13
beam 979.272 4924.60 6614.32
x1 0.12 22.75 2.73 24 65.52 -4 6.625 -262.08 434.07
2 0.12 7.5 0.9 24 21.6 0 14.25 0.00 307.80
3 0.12 7.5 0.9 24 21.6 6 14.25 129.60 307.80
4 0.12 22.75 2.73 24 65.52 12 6.625 786.24 434.07
5 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 18 2.875 790.56 126.27

y1 0.12 22.5 2.7 24 64.8 10.25 -4 -41.00 -259.20
2 0.12 6 0.72 24 17.28 19 0 0.00 0.00
3 0.12 6 0.72 24 17.28 19 4.5 85.50 77.76
4 0.12 22.5 2.7 24 64.8 10.25 10.5 107.63 680.40
5 0.12 16.75 2.01 24 48.24 3.625 16.5 59.81 795.96
column 430.56 1656.26 2904.93
1 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 0 10.5 0.00 120.96
2 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 6 10.5 69.12 120.96
3 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 10.5 138.24 120.96
4 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 18 10.5 165.89 96.77
8 0 0 4.5 0.00 0.00
9 0 6 4.5 0.00 0.00
10 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 4.5 138.24 51.84
11 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 18 4.5 165.89 41.47
15 0 0 0 0.00 0.00
16 0 6 0 0.00 0.00
17 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 0 138.24 0.00
18 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 18 0 165.89 0.00
22 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 12 16.5 60.48 83.16
23 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 6 16.5 30.24 83.16
24 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 0 16.5 0.00 83.16
25 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 16.5 -20.16 83.16
26 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 10.5 -20.16 52.92
27 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 4.5 -20.16 22.68
28 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 0 -20.16 0.00
29 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 -4 -20.16 -20.16
30 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 0 -4 0.00 -20.16
31 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 6 -4 30.24 -20.16
32 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 12 -4 60.48 -20.16
33 0.07 2.4 0.168 24 4.032 18 -4 72.58 -16.13
terrazo ff 144.72 1134.72 864.43
1 83.89 0.02 1.6778 23 38.5894 0.6 14.38 23.15 554.92
2 46.56 0.02 0.9312 23 21.4176 9 14.38 192.76 307.99
cementscreed 0.00 0.00
1 83.89 0.03 2.5167 20 50.334 0.6 14.38 30.20 723.80
2 46.56 0.03 1.3968 20 27.936 9 14.38 251.42 401.72
mezanine@3.6 138.277 497.54 1988.42
slab
3 90 0.18 16.2 24 388.8 25.5 7.5 9914.40 2916.00
4 25.32 0.18 4.5576 24 109.3824 31.5 0.28 3445.55 30.63
5 18 0.18 3.24 24 77.76 24 3.75 1866.24 291.60
wall 575.9424 15226.19 3238.23
5 1.2 2.4 2.88 14 40.32 33.08 7.5 1333.79 302.40
6 1.2 2.4 2.88 14 40.32 5.92 7.5 238.69 302.40
7 0.91 2.4 2.184 14 30.576 29.92 2.25 914.83 68.80
8 0.91 2.4 2.184 14 30.576 33 2.25 1009.01 68.80
9 0.79 2.4 1.896 14 26.544 29.92 1.97 794.20 52.29
10 0.79 2.4 1.896 14 26.544 33 1.97 875.95 52.29
14 1.84 2.4 4.416 14 61.824 33.08 7.5 2045.14 463.68
21 3 2.4 7.2 14 100.8 17.92 -4.62 1806.34 -465.70
13 3 2.4 7.2 14 100.8 22.5 10.58 2268.00 1066.46
beam 458.304 11285.94 1911.42
X5 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 18 2.875 790.56 126.27
6 0.12 7.5 0.9 24 21.6 24 14.25 518.40 307.80
7 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 30 2.875 1317.60 126.27
8 0.12 15.25 1.83 24 43.92 33 2.875 1449.36 126.27
y1 0.12 15 4.53 24 108.72 29.5 -4 1535.67 -434.88
2 0.12 3 0.36 24 8.64 31.5 0 272.16 0.00
3 0.12 15 2.52 24 60.48 29.5 4.5 1360.80 272.16
4 0.12 15 4.53 24 108.72 29.5 10.5 1535.67 1141.56
column 439.92 8780.22 1665.45
4 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 18 10.5 165.89 96.77
5 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 24 10.5 221.18 96.77
6 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 30 10.5 276.48 96.77
7 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 33 10.5 304.13 96.77
11 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 18 4.5 165.89 41.47
12 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 24 4.5 221.18 41.47
13 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 30 4.5 276.48 41.47
14 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 33 4.5 304.13 41.47
18 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 18 0 165.89 0.00
20 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 30 0 276.48 0.00
21 0.16 2.4 0.384 24 9.216 33 0 304.13 0.00
33 0.07 2.4 0.168 24 4.032 18 -4 72.58 -16.13
34 0.07 2.4 0.168 24 4.032 24 -4 96.77 -16.13
35 0.07 2.4 0.168 24 4.032 30 -4 120.96 -16.13
36 0.07 2.4 0.168 24 4.032 33 -4 133.06 -16.13
terraz ff 117.504 3105.22 488.45
3 90 0.02 1.8 23 41.4 25.5 7.5 1055.70 310.50
4 25.32 0.02 0.5064 23 11.6472 31.5 0.28 366.89 3.26
5 18 0.02 0.36 23 8.28 24 3.75 198.72 31.05
cement screed
3 90 0.03 2.7 20 54 25.5 7.5 1377.00 405.00
4 25.32 0.03 0.7596 20 15.192 31.5 0.28 478.55 4.25
5 18 0.03 0.54 20 10.8 24 3.75 259.20 40.50
141.3192 3736.05 794.56

3.2.6 Ground floor level
ground floor level

Grade 0 0
beam
x1 0.2 22.75 4.55 24 109.2 -4 6.625 -436.8 723.45
2 0.2 22.75 4.55 24 109.2 0 6.625 0 723.45
3 0.2 22.75 4.55 24 109.2 6 6.625 655.2 723.45
4 0.2 22.75 4.55 24 109.2 12 6.625 1310.4 723.45
5 0.2 15.25 3.05 24 73.2 18 2.875 1317.6 210.45
6 0.2 15.25 3.05 24 73.2 24 2.875 1756.8 210.45
7 0.2 15.25 3.05 24 73.2 30 2.875 2196 210.45
8 0.2 15.25 3.05 24 73.2 33 2.875 2415.6 210.45
y1 0.2 37.75 7.55 24 181.2 14.125 -4 2559.45 -724.8
2 0.2 37.75 7.55 24 181.2 14.125 0 2559.45 0
3 0.2 37.75 7.55 24 181.2 14.125 4.5 2559.45 815.4
4 0.2 37.75 7.55 24 181.2 14.125 10.5 2559.45 1902.6
5 0.2 16.75 3.35 24 80.4 3.625 16.5 291.45 1326.6
Column 1534.8 19744.05 7055.4
1 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 0 10.5 0 120.96
2 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 6 10.5 69.12 120.96
3 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 10.5 138.24 120.96
4 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 18 10.5 248.832 145.152
5 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 24 10.5 331.776 145.152
6 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 30 10.5 414.72 145.152
7 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 33 10.5 456.192 145.152
8 0.13 6 0.78 24 18.72 0 4.5 0 84.24
9 0.13 6 0.78 24 18.72 6 4.5 112.32 84.24
10 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 4.5 138.24 51.84
11 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 18 4.5 248.832 62.208
12 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 24 4.5 331.776 62.208
13 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 30 4.5 414.72 62.208
14 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 33 4.5 456.192 62.208
15 0.13 6 0.78 24 18.72 0 0 0 0
16 0.13 6 0.78 24 18.72 6 0 112.32 0
17 0.16 3 0.48 24 11.52 12 0 138.24 0
18 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 18 0 248.832 0
19 0.13 3.6 0.468 24 11.232 24 0 269.568 0
20 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 30 0 414.72 0
21 0.16 3.6 0.576 24 13.824 33 0 456.192 0
22 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 12 16.5 60.48 83.16
23 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 6 16.5 30.24 83.16
24 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 0 16.5 0 83.16
25 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 16.5 -20.16 83.16
26 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 10.5 -20.16 52.92
27 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 4.5 -20.16 22.68
28 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 0 -20.16 0
29 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 -4 -4 -20.16 -20.16
30 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 0 -4 0 -20.16
31 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 6 -4 30.24 -20.16
32 0.07 3 0.21 24 5.04 12 -4 60.48 -20.16
33 0.07 3.6 0.252 24 6.048 18 -4 108.864 -24.192
34 0.07 3.6 0.252 24 6.048 24 -4 145.152 -24.192
35 0.07 3.6 0.252 24 6.048 30 -4 181.44 -24.192
36 0.07 3.6 0.252 24 6.048 33 -4 199.584 -24.192
wall 375.408 5716.512 1643.472
1 2.4 3 7.2 14 100.8 4 10.5 403.2 1058.4
2 2.18 3 6.54 14 91.56 12 3.25 1098.72 297.57
3 1.2 3 3.6 14 50.4 15 10.5 756 529.2
4 2.18 3 6.54 14 91.56 18 3.25 1648.08 297.57
334.32 3906 2182.74
staircase 0 0
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.16 0.0048 24 0.1152 13 9.75 1.4976 1.1232
2 0.03 0.16 0.0048 24 0.1152 17 9.75 1.9584 1.1232
3 14.4 0.16 2.304 24 55.296 15 5.7 829.44 315.1872
stairs 0 0
1 0.3585 1.5 0.53775 24 12.906 12.75 8.1 164.5515 104.5386
2 0.3585 1.5 0.53775 24 12.906 17.25 8.1 222.6285 104.5386
3 0.299 1.5 0.4485 24 10.764 14.75 9.75 158.769 104.949
floor finishes(2cm thick terrazzo tile) 182.1024 0 0

landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.02 0.0006 23 0.0138 13 9.75 0.1794 0.13455
2 0.03 0.02 0.0006 23 0.0138 17 9.75 0.2346 0.13455
3 14.4 0.02 0.288 23 6.624 15 5.7 99.36 37.7568
stairs 0 0
1 2.7 0.02 0.054 23 1.242 12.75 8.1 15.8355 10.0602
2 2.7 0.02 0.054 23 1.242 17.25 8.1 21.4245 10.0602
3 2.25 0.02 0.045 23 1.035 14.75 9.75 15.26625 10.09125
floor finishes(3cm cement screed) 100.1706 0 0
landing 0 0
1 0.03 0.03 0.0009 20 0.018 13 9.75 0.234 0.1755
2 0.03 0.03 0.0009 20 0.018 17 9.75 0.306 0.1755
3 14.4 0.03 0.432 20 8.64 15 5.7 129.6 49.248
stairs 0 0
1 2.7 0.03 0.081 20 1.62 12.75 8.1 20.655 13.122
2 2.7 0.03 0.081 20 1.62 17.25 8.1 27.945 13.122
3 2.25 0.03 0.0675 20 1.35 14.75 9.75 19.9125 13.1625
397.812 1729.798 788.7029
3.2.7 Foundation
foundation
column 0 0
1 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 0 10.5 0 100.8
2 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 6 10.5 57.6 100.8
3 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 12 10.5 115.2 100.8
4 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 18 10.5 172.8 100.8
5 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 24 10.5 230.4 100.8
6 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 30 10.5 288 100.8
7 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 33 10.5 316.8 100.8
8 0.13 2.5 0.325 24 7.8 0 4.5 0 35.1
9 0.13 2.5 0.325 24 7.8 6 4.5 46.8 35.1
10 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 12 4.5 115.2 43.2
11 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 18 4.5 172.8 43.2
12 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 24 4.5 230.4 43.2
13 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 30 4.5 288 43.2
14 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 33 4.5 316.8 43.2
15 0.13 2.5 0.325 24 7.8 0 0 0 0
16 0.13 2.5 0.325 24 7.8 6 0 46.8 0
17 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 12 0 115.2 0
18 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 18 0 172.8 0
19 0.13 2.5 0.325 24 7.8 24 0 187.2 0
20 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 30 0 288 0
21 0.16 2.5 0.4 24 9.6 33 0 316.8 0
22 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 12 16.5 50.4 69.3
23 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 6 16.5 25.2 69.3
24 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 0 16.5 0 69.3
25 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 -4 16.5 -16.8 69.3
26 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 -4 10.5 -16.8 44.1
27 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 -4 4.5 -16.8 18.9
28 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 -4 0 -16.8 0
29 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 -4 -4 -16.8 -16.8

30 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 0 -4 0 -16.8
31 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 6 -4 25.2 -16.8
32 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 12 -4 50.4 -16.8
33 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 18 -4 75.6 -16.8
34 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 24 -4 100.8 -16.8
35 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 30 -4 126 -16.8
36 0.07 2.5 0.175 24 4.2 33 -4 138.6 -16.8
255.6 3985.8 1197.6
3.3 Determination of the center of mass
Xm 
W X i i
; Ym 
W Y
i i
W i W i
Where Xm, Ym= the coordinate of the point of application of Fi when the seismic action is
parallel to the Y-direction and X-direction respectively.
Slabs, beams and floor finishes column and wall weights

live Center of mass
Floor wi wixi wiyi wi wixi wiyi weight load
Foundation 0 0 0 255.6 3985.8 1197.6 0 Xm Ym Wi
gf 1534.8 19744.1 7055.4 709.7 9622.5 3826.2 2017.5 272.75 13.2 4.7 2290.2
m1 1132.4 4181.5 12994.1 1124 6059.3 7478.7 1907.3 76 5.3 9.4 1983.31
m2 1157.1 27742.5 5698.3 575.8 14391.1 2399.9 1669.8 69 21.6 5.2 1738.8
1st floor 4426.4 53023.4 23769.6 1815.8 28873.6 10963.8 6184.2 272.75 12.6 5.5 6456.93
2nd floor 1990.2 31756.7 10568.7 1724.6 28727.8 8687.5 3760.4 141.75 16.1 5.4 3902.15
3rd floor 1990.2 31756.7 10568.7 1724.6 28727.8 8687.5 3714.8 141.75 16.3 5.2 3856.55
4th floor 1990.2 31756.7 10568.7 1724.6 28727.8 8687.5 3714.8 141.75 16.3 5.2 3856.55
5th floor 1928.1 30703.7 10251.6 1701.9 28329.3 8574.1 3641.4 141.75 16.3 5.2 3783.1
6th floor 1997 33046.2 10430.5 1668.3 27177.8 9065.5 3682.1 141.75 16.5 5.2 3823.85
roof 937.4 15102 5004 0 0 0 1877.1 0 16.1 5.5 1877.1
stair 146.88 2203 1100.6 211.1 3167.5 1583.8 252.43 0 15.0 7.5 252.43
33820.97
There for the base shear is
Fb = Sd(T1)W and Sd(T1)=0.08 and W=33820.97
Fb =2705.678

storey fb ft fb-ft wi hi wihi Fi(KN)
gf 2706 162.8818 2542.8 2290.2 2.5 5725.5 30.67
m1 2706 162.8818 2542.8 1983.31 5.5 10908.2 58.433
m2 2706 162.8818 2542.8 1738.8 6.1 10606.7 56.818
1st floor 2706 162.8818 2542.8 6456.93 8.5 54883.9 294
2nd floor 2706 162.8818 2542.8 3902.15 11.5 44874.7 240.39
3rd floor 2706 162.8818 2542.8 3856.55 14.5 55920 299.55
4th floor 2706 162.8818 2542.8 3856.55 17.5 67489.6 361.53
5th floor 2706 162.8818 2542.8 3783.1 20.5 77553.6 415.44
6th floor 2706 162.8818 2542.8 3823.85 23.5 89860.5 481.37
roof 2706 162.8818 2542.8 1877.1 26.5 49743.2 266.47
stair 2706 162.8818 2542.8 252.43 28.2 7118.53 38.133
474684
3.4 Distribution of base shear over height of a building

The base shear force shall be distributed over the height of the structure
concentrated at each floor level as;
( F  F )W h
Fi  b n i i i
W j h j
j 1
0 For T  0.7 sec

Ft  
0.07T1Fb  0.25Fb For T  0.7 sec
Where n = number of stories
Fi= the concentrated lateral force acting at floor I
Ft= a concentrated extra force (in addition to Fn) at the top of the building
accounting whiplash effect for slender building. This is given by
Wi, Wj= that portion of the total weight, W, located at or assigned to level I or j, respectively
and hi, hj= height above the base to level I or j, respectively
Ft = 162.
3.5 Determination of the center of stiffness

3.5.1 Determination of D-values of frames
Center of stiffness (Xs, Ys): a point where the stiffness or strength of the floor is
concentrated.
Xs 
 Diy xi ; Y   Dix yi Where Dix= aKixc and Diy= aKiyc
 Diy  Dix
s
hb 3
Iy I x bh 3
Kx   ; Ky  
L 12 L L 12 L

Shear center (Xi, Yi): a point where the center of stiffness (shear center) of the ith shear wall
or column is located.
a
k
for general case ; Where k
k beam
for general case
2k 2k c
a
0 .5  k
for fixed column base k
k beam
for fixed column base
2k kc
0 .5 k
a for pin sup ported columns
1  2k
Dix =D-value in the X-directionDiy = D-value in the Y-direction
Fig 3 beam column designation
Note: this representation is consistent for all beams and columns in any frame.

3.5.1.1 D-value in the y-direction
axis-x1
gr. floor
column b h l kxc kyc k a Dy Xi ∑DyiXi
a 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.98 0.50 527.96
b 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.85 0.61 649.00
c 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.52 0.57 610.62
d 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.31 0.55 580.82
e 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.65 0.43 462.08
g.beam ki 2830.50 -4 -11322
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 450 925.93
3 40 50 600 694.44
4 40 50 600 694.44
mezanine
column
a 30 300 132.5 132.47 5.44 0.73 96.87
b 30 300 132.5 132.47 10.28 0.84 110.89
c 30 300 132.5 132.47 8.46 0.81 107.15
d 30 300 132.5 132.47 7.26 0.78 103.84
e 30 300 132.5 132.47 3.63 0.64 85.39
-
504.14 -4 2016.57
beam ki
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67 22900.7
first floor
column
a 30 300 132.5 132.47 3.02 0.60 79.69
b 30 300 132.5 132.47 5.70 0.74 98.08
c 30 300 132.5 132.47 4.70 0.70 92.91
d 30 300 132.5 132.47 4.03 0.67 88.50
e 30 300 132.5 132.47 2.01 0.50 66.45
beam 425.63 -4 -1702.5
beam ki
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
axis-x2
groun floor
column b h l kxc kyc
a 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.98 0.50 527.96
b 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.85 0.61 649.00
c 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.52 0.57 610.62
d 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.31 0.55 580.82
e 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.65 0.43 462.08
g.beam ki 2830.50 0 0
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 450 925.93
3 40 50 600 694.44
4 40 50 600 694.44
mezanine(+3)
coumn
a 30 300 132.5 132.47 3.93 0.66 87.80
b 40 300 418.7 418.67 2.35 0.54 226.17
c 40 300 418.7 418.67 1.94 0.49 205.88
d 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.93 0.32 282.10
e 30 300 132.5 132.47 3.63 0.64 85.39
beam ki 887.35 0 0
5 30 40 600 266.67
other 0.00
first floor
level
a 30 300 132.5 132.47 1.51 0.43 56.98
b 40 300 418.7 418.67 0.90 0.31 130.16

c 40 300 418.7 418.67 0.74 0.27 113.42
d 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.45 0.18 163.17
e 30 300 132.5 132.47 2.01 0.50 66.45
beam 530.18 0 0
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
second floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.93 0.32 169.49
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.59 0.23 200.87
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.67 0.25 133.46
beam ki 503.81 0 0
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
3rd
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 0 0
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
4th
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 0 0
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
5th floor
coumn
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.75 0.27 51.18
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.46 0.42 79.08
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.71 0.26 49.01
beam ki 179.28 0 0
1 25 30 450 43.40
2 25 30 600 86.81
6th floor
coumn
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.23 0.10 19.45
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.69 0.26 48.32
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.46 0.19 35.24
beam ki 103.02 0 0
1 25 30 450 43.40
2 25 30 600 86.81
roof
coumn
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.23 0.10 19.45
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.69 0.26 48.32
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.46 0.19 35.24
beam ki 103.02 0 0
1 25 30 450 43.40
2 25 30 600 86.81


Axis x6
ground floor
a 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.98 0.50 527.96
b 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.85 0.61 649.00
c 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 2.52 0.67 710.28
d 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.65 0.43 462.08
g.beam ki 2349.33 24 56383.9
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 450 925.93
3 40 50 600 694.44
mezanine
column
a 30 360 110.4 110.39 4.72 0.70 77.53
b 40 360 348.9 348.89 1.33 0.40 139.15
c 40 360 348.9 348.89 2.70 0.57 200.56
d 35 45 360 446.6 738.28 0.65 0.25 181.28
beam ki 598.52 24 14364.6
3 30 40 600 266.67
other 0.00
first floor
column
a 30 240 165.6 165.59 1.21 0.38 62.35
b 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.34 0.15 161.37
c 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.40 0.17 185.08
d 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.24 0.11 119.01
beam ki 527.80 24 12667.2
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
2nd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.93 0.32 169.49
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.44 0.18 158.54
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.42 0.17 92.10
beam ki 420.13 24 10083.2
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
3rd floor
Column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 24 8222.22
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
4th floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 24 8222.22
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
5th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 24 5568.93
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
6th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 24 5568.93
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
roof level
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 24 5568.93
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
Axis x7
ground floor
a 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.98 0.50 527.96
b 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.85 0.61 649.00
c 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.52 0.57 610.62
d 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.65 0.43 462.08
g.beam ki 2249.67 30 67490.2
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 450 925.93
3 40 50 600 694.44
mezanine
column
a 30 360 110.4 110.39 6.53 0.77 84.51
b 35 45 360 446.6 738.28 1.84 0.48 354.18
c 40 0 360 348.9 348.89 3.21 0.62 215.06
d 35 45 360 446.6 738.28 0.65 0.25 181.28
beam ki 835.03 30 25050.9
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
first floor
column
a 30 240 165.6 165.59 0.36 0.15 25.33
b 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.68 0.25 281.69
c 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.56 0.22 242.88
d 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.24 0.11 119.01
beam ki 668.90 30 20067
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
2nd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.93 0.32 169.49
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.59 0.23 200.87
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.42 0.17 92.10
beam ki 462.46 30 13873.8
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
3rd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 30 10277.8
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
4th floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 30 10277.8
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
5th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 30 6961.16
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
6th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 30 6961.16
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
roof level
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 30 6961.16
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
Axis x8
ground floor
a 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.98 0.50 527.96
b 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.85 0.61 649.00
c 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 1.52 0.57 610.62
d 35 45 250 643.1 1063.13 0.65 0.43 462.08
g.beam ki 2249.67 33 74239.2
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 450 925.93
3 40 50 600 694.44
mezani
ne
column
a 35 45 360 446.6 738.28 0.98 0.33 242.19
b 35 45 360 446.6 738.28 1.84 0.48 354.18
c 40 0 360 348.9 348.89 3.21 0.62 215.06

d 35 45 360 446.6 738.28 0.65 0.25 181.28
beam ki 992.71 33 32759.4
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
first floor
column
a 30 40 240 375 666.67 0.36 0.15 101.98
b 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.68 0.25 281.69
c 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.56 0.22 242.88
d 35 45 240 669.9 1107.42 0.24 0.11 119.01
beam ki 745.55 33 24603.2
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 450 355.56
3 30 40 600 266.67
2nd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.93 0.32 169.49
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.59 0.23 200.87
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.42 0.17 92.10
beam ki 462.46 33 15261.1
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
3rd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 33 11305.6
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
4th floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.45 0.18 97.36
b 35 45 300 535.9 885.94 0.47 0.19 168.73
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.33 0.14 76.51
beam ki 342.59 33 11305.6
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
5th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 33 7657.28
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
6th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 33 7657.28
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
roof level
column
a 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 1.27 0.39 72.83
b 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 2.22 0.53 98.70
c 25 30 300 130.2 187.50 0.95 0.32 60.50
beam ki 232.04 33 7657.3
1 30 35 450 238.19
2 30 35 600 178.65
3.5.1.2 D-value in the Y-direction
axis y1
g.floor
column b h l kx ky k a D Yi yi*Di
a 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 1.62 0.59 376.61
b 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.70 0.68 437.85
c 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
d 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
e 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
f 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
g 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 3.24 0.71 459.00
h 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
3329.50 -400 -1331800
g.beam
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 600 694.44
3 40 50 600 694.44
4 40 50 600 694.44
5 40 50 600 694.44
6 40 50 600 694.44
7 40 50 300 1388.89
mezanine@3
column
a 30 300 132.47 6.44 0.76 101.08
b 30 300 132.47 10.73 0.84 111.66
c 30 300 132.47 8.59 0.81 107.44
d 30 300 132.47 8.59 0.81 107.44
e 30 300 132.47 6.91 0.78 102.75
f 30 300 132.47 5.24 0.72 95.89
g 30 300 132.47 7.86 0.80 105.61
h 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.30 0.39 210.30
beam 942.17 -376868.5
1 35 45 400 664.45 0.00
2 35 45 600 442.97 0.00
3 35 45 600 442.97 0.00
4 35 45 600 442.97 0.00
5 0 0 0.00 0.00
6 0 0 0.00 0.00
7 0 0 0.00 0.00
0.00
mezanine@3.6 0.00
column 0.00
a 30 60 662.34 0.50 0.20 132.81
b 30 60 662.34 0.84 0.29 195.24
c 30 60 662.34 0.67 0.25 165.98
d 30 60 662.34 0.67 0.25 165.98
e 30 60 662.34 0.54 0.21 139.93
f 30 60 662.34 0.40 0.17 110.99
g 30 60 662.34 0.60 0.23 153.61
h 30 60 662.34 0.40 0.17 110.99
beam 1175.54 -400 -470214.9
1 0 0.00 0.00
2 0 0.00 0.00
3 0 0.00 0.00
4 0 0.00 0.00
5 30 40 600 266.67 0.00
6 30 40 600 266.67 0.00
7 30 40 300 533.33 0.00
first floor 0.00
column 0.00
a 30 240 165.59 1.21 0.38 62.35
b 30 240 165.59 2.01 0.50 83.06
c 30 240 165.59 1.61 0.45 73.86
d 30 240 165.59 1.61 0.45 73.86
e 30 240 165.59 2.42 0.55 90.59
f 30 240 165.59 3.22 0.62 102.15
g 30 240 165.59 4.83 0.71 117.11
h 30 240 165.59 3.22 0.62 102.15
beam 705.13 -400 -282052.4
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 600 266.67
7 30 40 300 533.33
axisy2
g.floor
column b h l kx ky
a 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 1.6197 0.5856 376.61
b 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 2.6995 0.6808 437.85
c 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 2.1596 0.6394 411.21
d 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 2.1596 0.6394 411.21
e 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 2.1596 0.6394 411.21
f 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 2.1596 0.6394 411.21
g 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 3.2394 0.7137 459
h 35 45 250 643.13 1063.1 2.1596 0.6394 411.21
3329.5 0 0
g.beam
1 40 50 400 1041.7
2 40 50 600 694.44
3 40 50 600 694.44
4 40 50 600 694.44
5 40 50 600 694.44
6 40 50 600 694.44
7 40 50 300 1388.9
mezanine@3
column
a 30 300 132.47 3.9317 0.6628 87.804
b 40 300 418.67 2.0734 0.509 213.1
c 40 300 418.67 1.6587 0.4534 189.81
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.5445 0.4358 233.54
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.5445 0.4358 233.54

f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.2958 0.3932 210.71
g 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.9436 0.4929 264.14
h 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.2958 0.3932 210.71
beam 1643.3 0 0
4 30 40 600 266.67
mezanine@3.6
column
a 30 60 3532.5 0 0 0
b 40 60 11164 0 0 0
c 40 60 11164 0 0 0
d 35 45 60 2679.7 4429.7 0.0498 0.0243 65.048
e 35 45 60 2679.7 4429.7 0.0498 0.0243 65.048
f 35 45 60 2679.7 4429.7 0 0 0
g 35 45 60 2679.7 4429.7 0 0 0
h 35 45 60 2679.7 4429.7 0.0995 0.0474 127.01
beam 257.11 0 0
1-Jan 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 30 40 300 533.33
first floor
column
a 30 240 165.59 1.2078 0.3765 62.347
b 40 240 523.33 0.6369 0.2415 126.41
c 40 240 523.33 0.5096 0.203 106.26
d 35 45 240 669.92 1107.4 0.3981 0.166 111.2
e 35 45 240 669.92 1107.4 0.3981 0.166 111.2
f 35 45 240 669.92 1107.4 0.3981 0.166 111.2
g 35 45 240 669.92 1107.4 0.9951 0.3323 222.58
h 35 45 240 669.92 1107.4 0.7961 0.2847 190.74
beam 1041.9 0 0
1 30 40 400 400
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 600 266.67
7 30 40 300 533.33
2nd floor
column
a 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.7464 0.2718 145.65

b 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.9951 0.3323 178.07
c 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.9951 0.3323 178.07
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.9951 0.3323 178.07
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.4927 0.4274 229.05
f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.9951 0.3323 178.07
beam 1087 0 0
1 30 40 600 266.67
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 30 40 300 533.33
3rd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.7422 0.2707 81.197
b 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.4844 0.426 127.8
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.4844 0.426 127.8
d 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.4844 0.426 127.8
e 30 40 300 300 533.33 2.2266 0.5268 158.04
f 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.4844 0.426 127.8
beam 750.45 0 0
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 300 357.29
4th floor
column
column
a 30 40 300 300 533.33 0.5955 0.2294 68.829
b 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.191 0.3732 111.97
c 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.191 0.3732 111.97
d 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.191 0.3732 111.97
e 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.7865 0.4718 141.54
f 30 40 300 300 533.33 1.191 0.3732 111.97
beam 658.25 0 0
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 300 357.29
5th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 0.5955 0.2294 29.874
b 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598

c 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598
d 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598
e 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.7865 0.4718 61.433
f 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598
beam 285.7 0 0
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 300 357.29
6th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 0.5955 0.2294 29.874
b 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598
c 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598
d 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598
e 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.7865 0.4718 61.433
f 25 30 300 130.21 187.5 1.191 0.3732 48.598
beam 285.7 0 0
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 300 357.29
axisy3
g.floor
column b h l kx ky
a 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 1.62 0.59 376.61
b 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.70 0.68 437.85
c 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
d 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
e 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
f 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
g 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 3.24 0.71 459.00
h 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
3329.50 450 1498274.59
g.beam
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 600 694.44
3 40 50 600 694.44
4 40 50 600 694.44
5 40 50 600 694.44
6 40 50 600 694.44
7 40 50 300 1388.89
mezanin@3
column
a 30 300 132.47 3.93 0.66 87.80
b 40 300 418.67 2.07 0.51 213.10
c 40 300 418.67 1.66 0.45 189.81
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.54 0.44 233.54
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.54 0.44 233.54
f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.30 0.39 210.71
g 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.94 0.49 264.14
h 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.30 0.39 210.71
beam 1643.34 450 739504.27
1 0.00
2 0.00
3 0.00
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 0.00
6 0.00
7 0.00
mezanin@3.6
column
a 30 60 662.34 0.00 0.00 0.00
b 40 60 2093.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
c 40 60 2093.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
d 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.05 0.02 65.05
e 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
f 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
g 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.15 0.07 186.11
h 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
beam 632.20 450 284489.33
1 0.00
2 0.00
3 0.00
4 0.00
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 600 266.67
7 30 40 300 533.33
1st floor
column
a 30 240 165.59 1.21 0.38 62.35
b 40 240 523.33 0.64 0.24 126.41
c 40 240 523.33 0.51 0.20 106.26
d 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.40 0.17 111.20
e 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.60 0.23 154.02
f 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.80 0.28 190.74
g 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 1.19 0.37 250.46
h 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.80 0.28 190.74
beam 1192.18 450 536478.93
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 600 266.67
7 30 40 300 533.33
2nd floor
column
a 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.87 0.30 162.56
b 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
c 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.49 0.43 229.05
g 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
beam 1281.94 450 576872.37
1 30 40 600 266.67
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 300 533.33
3rd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 0.74 0.27 81.20
b 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.83 0.29 157.30
c 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.83 0.29 157.30
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.83 0.29 157.30
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.83 0.29 157.30
f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.25 0.38 205.76
g 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.19 0.37 111.71
beam 1027.89 450 462548.52
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 600 178.65
6 30 35 300 357.29
4th floor
column
a 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 0.60 0.23 68.83
b 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.67 0.25 133.98
c 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.67 0.25 133.98
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.67 0.25 133.98
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.67 0.25 133.98
f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.65
g 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.19 0.37 111.97
beam 895.38 450 402922.03
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 600 178.65
6 30 35 300 357.29
5th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.45 0.19 24.09
b 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
c 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
d 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
e 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
f 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 1.36 0.41 52.75
g 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
beam 280.12 450 126053.21
1 25 30 600 93.75
2 25 30 600 93.75
3 25 30 600 93.75
4 25 30 600 93.75
5 25 30 600 93.75
6 25 30 300 187.50
6thfloor
column
a 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.31 0.14 17.60
b 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
c 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
d 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
e 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
f 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.94 0.32 41.56
g 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
beam 214.16 450 96372.67
1 25 30 600 93.75
2 25 30 600 93.75
3 25 30 600 93.75
4 25 30 600 93.75
5 25 30 600 93.75
6 25 30 300 187.50
stair
column
a 25 30 170 229.78 330.88 0.80 0.28 65.46
b 25 30 170 229.78 330.88 0.80 0.28 65.46
beam 130.92 450 58913.60
1 30 35 600 178.65
axisy4
g.floor
column b h l kx ky
a 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 1.62 0.59 376.61
b 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.70 0.68 437.85
c 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
d 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
e 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
f 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
g 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 3.24 0.71 459.00
h 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
3329.50 1050 3495974.04
g.beam
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 600 694.44
3 40 50 600 694.44
4 40 50 600 694.44
5 40 50 600 694.44
6 40 50 600 694.44
7 40 50 300 1388.89
mezanin@3
column
a 30 300 132.47 5.44 0.73 96.87
b 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 2.24 0.53 283.24
c 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.79 0.47 253.37
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.79 0.47 253.37
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.54 0.44 233.54
f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.30 0.39 210.71
g 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.94 0.49 264.14
h 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.30 0.39 210.71
beam 1805.93 1050 1896228.27
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 0.00
6 0.00
7 0.00
mezanin@3.6
column
a 30 60 662.34 0.30 0.13 86.88
b 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.12 0.06 156.91
c 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
d 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
e 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
f 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
g 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.15 0.07 186.11
h 35 45 60 2679.69 4429.69 0.10 0.05 127.01
beam 1064.97 1050 1118215.70
1 0.00
2 0.00
3 0.00
4 0.00
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 600 266.67
7 30 40 300 533.33
1st floor
column
a 30 240 165.59 1.21 0.38 62.35
b 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.50 0.20 133.46
c 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.40 0.17 111.20
d 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.40 0.17 111.20
e 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.60 0.23 154.02
f 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.80 0.28 190.74
g 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 1.19 0.37 250.46
h 35 45 240 669.92 1107.42 0.80 0.28 190.74
beam 1204.17 1050 1264378.50
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 600 266.67
7 30 40 300 533.33
2nd floor
column
a 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 0.87 0.30 162.56
b 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
c 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
d 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
e 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
f 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.49 0.43 229.05
g 35 45 300 535.94 885.94 1.00 0.33 178.07
beam 1281.94 1050 1346035.54
1 30 40 600 266.67
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
4 30 40 600 266.67
5 30 40 600 266.67
6 30 40 300 533.33
3rd floor
column
a 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 0.74 0.27 81.20
b 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.48 0.43 127.80
c 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.48 0.43 127.80
d 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.48 0.43 127.80
e 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.48 0.43 127.80
f 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 2.23 0.53 158.04
g 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.48 0.43 127.80
beam 878.25 1050 922163.23
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 600 178.65
6 30 35 300 357.29
4th floor
column
a 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 0.60 0.23 68.83
b 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.19 0.37 111.97
c 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.19 0.37 111.97
d 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.19 0.37 111.97
e 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.19 0.37 111.97
f 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.79 0.47 141.54
g 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.19 0.37 111.97
beam 770.22 1050 808728.55
1 30 35 600 178.65
2 30 35 600 178.65
3 30 35 600 178.65
4 30 35 600 178.65
5 30 35 600 178.65
6 30 35 300 357.29
5th floor
column
a 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.45 0.19 24.09
b 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
c 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
d 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
e 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
f 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 1.36 0.41 52.75
g 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.91 0.31 40.66
beam 280.12 1050 294124.16
1 25 30 600 93.75
2 25 30 600 93.75
3 25 30 600 93.75
4 25 30 600 93.75
5 25 30 600 93.75
6 25 30 300 187.50
6thfloor
column
a 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.31 0.14 17.60
b 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
c 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
d 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
e 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
f 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.94 0.32 41.56
g 25 30 300 130.21 187.50 0.63 0.24 31.00
beam 214.16 1050 224869.57
1 25 30 600 93.75
2 25 30 600 93.75
3 25 30 600 93.75
4 25 30 600 93.75
5 25 30 600 93.75
6 25 30 300 187.50
stair
column
a 25 30 170 229.78 330.88 0.80 0.28 65.46
b 25 30 170 229.78 330.88 0.80 0.28 65.46
beam 130.92 1050 137465.06
1 30 35 600 178.65

axis y5
g.floor
column b h l kx ky
a 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 1.62 0.59 376.61
b 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.70 0.68 437.85
c 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 2.16 0.64 411.21
d 35 45 250 643.13 1063.13 1.08 0.51 329.89
g.beam 1555.56 1650 2566682.18
1 40 50 400 1041.67
2 40 50 600 694.44
3 40 50 600 694.44
mezanine@31st
column
a 30 300 132.47 5.44 0.73 96.87
b 30 300 132.47 9.07 0.82 108.53
c 30 300 132.47 7.26 0.78 103.84
d 30 40 300 300.00 533.33 1.60 0.44 133.42
beam 442.66 1650 730393.77
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
1st floor2nd
column
a 30 300 132.47 3.02 0.60 79.69
b 30 300 132.47 5.03 0.72 94.80
c 30 300 132.47 4.03 0.67 88.50
d 30 30 300 225.00 225.00 1.19 0.37 83.72
beam 346.71 1650 572069.57
1 30 40 400 400.00
2 30 40 600 266.67
3 30 40 600 266.67
Xs 
D xiy i
; Ys 
D y
ix i
…………..Varginon’s theorem
D iy D ix
Determination of center of stiffness using moment

principle(verginon's theorem)
∑Dyi ∑DyiXi ∑Dxi ∑Dxiyi Xs ys
gf 20420 278234 6229131 14874 13.63 4.19
mezanine@3 4515 36229 2989258 6477 8.02 4.61
mezanine@3.6 3348 88768 932490.1 3130 26.51 2.98
first 5008 82185 2090875 4490 16.41 4.66
second 3319 56611 1922908 3651 17.06 5.27
third 2398 42139 1384712 2657 17.57 5.21
fourth 2398 42139 1211651 2324 17.57 5.21
fifth 1287 28224 420177.4 845.9 21.93 4.97
sixth 1134 27767 321242.2 714 24.48 4.50
roof 1134 27767 321242.2 714 24.48 4.50
stair 346 5190.3 346.021 5190 15.00 7.50
3.6 Computation of direct shear forces, Qi

Dix , frame
Qi  V
D ix , frame
3.6.1 D-values in the X-direction
Axis x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 ∑Dyi
gf 2830 2830.5 2830.5 2831 2249.67 2349.33 2249.47 2249.67 20420
mezanine@3 504.1 887.35 887.35 1222 1014.27 0 0 0.00 4515.3
mezanine@3.6 0 0 0 0 921.84 598.52 835.03 992.71 3348.1
first 425.6 530.18 530.18 846.2 734.16 527.8 668.46 745.55 5008.2
second 0 503.81 503.81 503.8 462.46 420.13 462.46 462.46 3318.9
third 0 342.59 342.59 342.6 342.59 342.59 342.593 342.59 2398.1
fourth 0 342.59 342.59 342.6 342.59 342.59 342.593 342.59 2398.1
fifth 0 179.28 179.28 232.4 232.04 232.04 232.04 232.04 1286.7
sixth 0 103.02 103.02 232.5 232.04 232.04 232.04 232.04 1134.2
roof 0 103.02 103.02 232.6 232.04 232.04 232.04 232.04 1134.2
stair 0 0 0 173 173.01 0 0 0.00 346.02
3.6.2 D-values in the Y-direction

axis y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 ∑Dxi
gf 3329.5 3329.5 3329.5 3329.5 1555.6 14873.6
mezanin@3 942.2 1643.3 1643.3 1085.9 442.7 5757.5
mezanine@3.6 1175.5 257.1 632.2 1065.0 0.0 3129.8
1st floor 705.1 1041.9 1192.2 1024.2 346.7 4310.1
2nd floor 1087.0 1281.9 1281.9 0.0 3650.8

3rd floor 750.4 1027.9 878.3 0.0 2656.6
4th floor 658.2 895.4 770.2 0.0 2323.8
5th floor 285.7 280.1 280.1 0.0 845.9
6th floor 285.7 214.2 214.2 0.0 714.0
roof 285.7 214.2 214.2 0.0 714.0
stair 130.9 130.9
The direct shear forces are

Dix , frame
Qi  V
 Dix, frame
x- direction
ground floor mezanine1
Axis Dyi VI Qi Axis Dyi VI Qi
1 2830.50 30.67 4.25 1.00 504.14 58.43 6.52
2 2830.50 30.67 4.25 2.00 887.35 58.43 11.48
3 2830.50 30.67 4.25 3.00 887.35 58.43 11.48
4 2830.50 30.67 4.25 4.00 1222.14 58.43 15.82
5 2249.67 30.67 3.38 5.00 1014.27 58.43 13.13
6 2349.33 30.67 3.53 6.00 0.00 58.43 0.00
7 2249.47 30.67 3.38 7.00 0.00 58.43 0.00
8 2249.67 30.67 3.38 8.00 0.00 58.43 0.00
20420.13 4515.25
mezanine2 first floor

1 0.00 56.82 0.00 1.00 425.63 294.00 24.99
2 0.00 56.82 0.00 2.00 530.18 294.00 31.12
3 0.00 56.82 0.00 3.00 530.18 294.00 31.12
4 0.00 56.82 0.00 4.00 846.21 294.00 49.68
5 921.84 56.82 15.64 5.00 734.16 294.00 43.10
6 598.92 56.82 10.16 6.00 527.80 294.00 30.98
7 835.03 56.82 14.17 7.00 668.46 294.00 39.24
8 992.71 56.82 16.84 8.00 745.55 294.00 43.77
3348.50 5008.16
second third floor

floor
1 0.00 240.39 0.00 1.00 0.00 299.55 0.00
2 503.81 240.39 36.49 2.00 342.59 299.55 32.79
3 503.81 240.39 36.49 3.00 342.59 299.55 32.79
4 503.81 240.39 36.49 4.00 342.59 299.55 32.79
5 462.46 240.39 33.50 5.00 342.59 299.55 32.79
6 420.13 240.39 30.43 6.00 342.59 299.55 32.79
7 462.46 240.39 33.50 7.00 342.59 299.55 32.79
8 462.46 158.23 33.50 8.00 342.59 299.55 32.79
3318.94 2398.13
fourth floor fifth floor
1 0.00 361.53 0.00 1.00 0.00 415.44 0.00
2 342.59 361.53 51.65 2.00 179.28 415.44 42.81
3 342.59 361.53 51.65 3.00 179.28 415.44 42.81
4 342.59 361.53 51.65 4.00 232.04 415.44 55.41
5 342.59 361.53 51.65 5.00 232.04 415.44 55.41
6 342.59 361.53 51.65 6.00 232.04 415.44 55.41
7 342.59 361.53 51.65 7.00 342.59 415.44 81.80
8 342.59 361.53 51.65 8.00 342.59 415.44 81.80
2398.13 1739.86
sixth floor roof

1 0.00 481.37 0.00 1.00 0.00 266.47 0.00
2 103.02 481.37 36.30 2.00 103.02 266.47 20.09
3 103.02 481.37 36.30 3.00 103.02 266.47 20.09
4 232.04 481.37 81.76 4.00 232.04 266.47 45.26
5 232.04 481.37 81.76 5.00 232.04 266.47 45.26
6 232.04 481.37 81.76 6.00 232.04 266.47 45.26
7 232.04 481.37 81.76 7.00 232.04 266.47 45.26
8 232.04 481.37 81.76 8.00 232.04 266.47 45.26
1366.24 1366.24
stair
Axis Dyi VI Qi
1 0.00 201.01 0.00
2 0.00 201.01 0.00
3 173.01 201.01 100.51
4 173.01 201.01 100.51
5 0.00 201.01 0.00
6 0.00 201.01 0.00
7 0.00 201.01 0.00
8 0.00 201.01 0.00
346.02

Y-direction
Diy , frame
Qi  V
 Diy , frame
ground floor mezanin3.6
Axis Dxi VI Qi Axis Dxi VI Qi
1 3329.499 30.67 6.865588 1 1175.5 56.818 21.34046
2 3329.499 30.67 6.865588 2 257.11 56.818 4.667527
3 3329.499 30.67 6.865588 3 632.2 56.818 11.47681
4 3329.499 30.67 6.865588 4 1065 56.818 19.3332
5 1555.565 30.67 3.20765 3129.8
14873.56
mezanin@3 1st floor

1 942.1712 58.433 9.562197 1 705.13 294 48.09799
2 1643.343 58.433 16.67846 2 1041.9 294 71.07248
3 1643.343 58.433 16.67846 3 1192.2 294 81.31994
4 1085.932 58.433 11.02124 4 1024.2 294 69.86009
5 442.6629 58.433 4.492633 5 346.71 294 23.6495
5757.452 4310.1
2nd floor 3rd floor

1 0 240.39 0 1 0 299.55 0
2 1086.961 240.39 71.5711 2 750.45 299.55 84.61867
3 1281.939 240.39 84.40945 3 1027.9 299.55 115.9019
4 1281.939 240.39 84.40945 4 878.25 299.55 99.02939
3650.839 2656.6
4th floor 5th floor

1 0 361.53 0 1 0 415.44 0
2 658.2481 361.53 102.4062 2 285.7 415.44 140.3068
3 895.3827 361.53 139.2981 3 280.12 415.44 137.5666
4 770.2177 361.53 119.8257 4 280.12 415.44 137.5666
2323.849 845.93
6th floor roof
1 0 481.37 0 1 0 266.47 0
2 285.698 481.37 192.6084 2 285.7 266.47 106.6214
3 214.1615 481.37 144.3808 3 214.16 266.47 79.92428
4 214.1615 481.37 144.3808 4 214.16 266.47 79.92428
714.021 714.02
stair d-value
Axis Dxi VI Qi

1 0 201.011 0
2 285.698 201.011 100.5055
3 285.698 201.011 100.5055
4 0 201.011 0
571.396
3.7 Shear correction factors for torsion

Eccentricities (ex, ey): the difference between the center of mass and center of stiffness of the
floor.
ex = Xs-Xm
ey = Ys-Ym
‫٭‬Accidental eccentricity, eli=+ 0.05Li where Li is the length of the frame.
The design eccentricity or etot = e + eli
Accidental eccentricity
along X-axis =1.85
along y-axis=1.03
Determination of eccentricity
level Xs Ys Xm Ym ex ey ed,x1 ed,x2 ed,y1 ed,y2
gf 13.63 4.19 13.2 4.7 0.47 -0.55 2.32 -1.38 0.47 -1.58
m1 8.024 4.61 5.3 9.4 2.73 -4.76 4.58 0.88 -3.74 -5.79
m2 26.51 2.98 21.6 5.2 4.86 -2.23 6.71 3.01 -1.20 -3.25
1st 16.41 4.66 12.6 5.5 3.85 -0.87 5.70 2.00 0.15 -1.90
2nd 17.06 5.27 16.1 5.4 0.95 -0.16 2.80 -0.90 0.87 -1.18
3rd 17.57 5.21 16.3 5.2 1.29 0.03 3.14 -0.56 1.05 -1.00
4th 17.57 5.21 16.3 5.2 1.29 0.03 3.14 -0.56 1.06 -0.99
5th 18.58 4.97 16.3 5.2 2.32 -0.22 4.17 0.47 0.81 -1.24
6th 20.32 4.50 16.5 5.2 3.81 -0.73 5.66 1.96 0.30 -1.75
roof 20.32 4.50 16.1 5.5 4.20 -1.00 6.05 2.35 0.02 -2.03
stair 15 7.50 15.0 7.5 0.00 0.00 1.85 -1.85 1.03 -1.02
( Dix )e y ,tot
 ix  1  * yi note: since ex,tot can be ex1 or ex2 and ey,tot can be ey1or ey2 due to
Jr
( Diy )e x ,tot
 iy  1  * xi accidental eccentricity, α y= αy1or αy2 and αx= αx1 or αx2.
Jr
Where Jr=Jx+Jy
J x   ( Dix y i )   ( Dix y i2 )  ( Dix ) y s2
2
J y   ( Diy x i )   ( Diy xi2 )  ( Diy ) x s2 And

2
x i  x s  xi , y i  y s  yi
All the computations are done using table below.

ground floor
Axis Dyi X DiyX^2 Dxi Y DixY^2 αix1 αix2 αiy1 αiy2 αiy
x1 2830 17.63 879766.3 1.04 1.00 1.04
2 2830 13.63 525841 1.03 1.00 1.03
3 2830 7.63 164782.8 1.02 1.00 1.02
4 2830 1.63 7520.347 1.00 1.00 1.00
5 2250 -4.37 42961.72 0.99 1.00 1.00
6 2349 -10.37 252639.7 0.98 1.00 1.00
7 2249 -16.37 602806 0.97 1.00 1.00
8 2250 -19.37 844069.2 0.96 1.00 1.00
y1 3320387 3329 8.19 223220.75 1.00 0.99 1.00
2 3329 4.19 58397.23 1.00 0.99 1.00
3 3329 -0.31 324.11 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 3329 -6.31 132651.72 1.00 1.01 1.01
5 1556 -12.3 235800.86 1.00 1.01 1.01
mezanine@3 650394.65
Axis Dyi X DiyX^2 Dxi Y DixY^2
x1 504.1 4.02 8147.104 1.03 1.01 1.03
2 887.4 8.02 57074.71 1.09 1.03 1.09
3 887.4 2.02 3620.743 1.02 1.01 1.02
4 1222 -3.98 19359.19 0.94 0.98 0.98
5 1014 -9.98 101021.7 0.87 0.96 0.96
6 0 -15.98 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 0 -21.98 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
8 0 -24.98 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
y1 189223.4 942 8.62 69926.27 0.93 0.89 0.93
2 1643 4.62 35000.29 0.94 0.90 0.94
3 1643 0.12 21.73 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 1806 -5.89 62545.25 1.09 1.14 1.14
5 443 -11.8 62527.58 1.04 1.07 1.07
mezanine@3.6 230021.12
x1 0 30.51 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 0 26.51 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
3 0 20.51 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 0 14.51 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
5 921.8 8.51 66759.74 1.15 1.01 1.15
6 598.9 2.51 3773.256 1.03 1.00 1.03
7 835 -3.49 10170.75 0.95 1.00 1.00
8 992.7 -6.49 41813.04 0.88 0.99 0.99
y1 122516.8 1176 6.98 57256.22 0.98 0.91 0.98
2 257 2.98 2281.71 1.00 0.99 1.00
3 632 -1.52 1462.55 1.00 1.01 1.01
4 1065 -7.52 60240.33 1.02 1.09 1.09
5 0 -13.5 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
first floor 121240.81
x1 425.6 20.4 177129.3 1.05 1.01 1.05
2 530.2 16.4 142597.2 1.05 1.01 1.05
3 530.2 10.4 57344.27 1.03 1.01 1.03
4 846.2 4.4 16382.55 1.02 1.01 1.02
5 734.2 -1.6 1879.45 0.99 1.00 1.00

6 527.8 -7.6 30485.73 0.98 0.99 0.99
7 668.5 -13.6 123638.4 0.95 0.99 0.99
8 745.6 -16.6 205443.8 0.93 0.98 0.98
y1 754900.7 705 8.66 52845.10 0.00 0.99 0.99
2 1042 4.66 22597.32 0.00 0.99 0.99
3 1192 0.16 29.39 0.00 1.00 1.00
4 1024 -5.84 34965.83 0.00 1.01 1.01
5 347 -11.8 48628.21 0.00 1.01 1.01
second floor 159065.85 1.00
x1 0 21.057 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 503.8 17.057 146579.1 1.07 1.01 1.07
3 503.8 11.057 61594.42 1.05 1.01 1.05
4 503.8 5.057 12884.06 1.02 1.00 1.02
5 462.5 -0.943 411.2421 1.00 1.00 1.00
6 420.1 -7.6 24266.71 0.97 1.00 1.00
7 462.5 -13.6 85536.6 0.95 0.99 0.99
8 462.5 -16.6 127435.5 0.94 0.99 0.99
y1 458707.6 0 9.27 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 1087 5.27 30153.70 1.02 0.99 1.02
3 1282 0.77 754.15 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 1282 -5.23 35104.99 0.98 1.01 1.01
5 0 -11.2 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
third floor 66012.84
x1 0 21.571 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 342.6 17.571 105771.3 1.08 1.02 1.08
3 342.6 11.571 45868.7 1.05 1.01 1.05
4 342.6 5.571 10632.64 1.03 1.01 1.03
5 342.6 -0.429 63.05061 1.00 1.00 1.00
6 342.6 -6.429 14159.94 0.97 0.99 0.99
7 342.6 -12.43 52923.32 0.94 0.99 0.99
8 342.6 -15.43 81554.93 0.93 0.98 0.98
y1 310973.8 0 9.27 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 750 5.27 20818.39 1.02 0.99 1.02
3 1028 0.77 604.69 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 878 -5.23 24050.27 0.98 1.01 1.01
5 0 -11.2 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
4th floor 45473.36
x1 0 21.571 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 342.6 17.571 105771.3 1.83 1.19 1.83
3 342.6 11.571 45868.7 1.55 1.13 1.55
4 342.6 5.571 10632.64 1.26 1.06 1.26
5 342.6 -0.429 63.05061 0.98 1.00 1.00
6 342.6 -6.429 14159.94 0.70 0.93 0.93
7 342.6 -12.43 52923.32 0.41 0.86 0.86
8 342.6 -15.43 81554.93 0.27 0.83 0.83
y1 310973.8 0 9.27 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 658 5.27 18260.65 1.14 0.94 1.14
3 895 0.77 526.74 1.03 0.99 1.03
4 770 -5.23 21091.86 0.83 1.07 1.07
5 0 -11.2 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
5th floor 39879.26
x1 0 22.584 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 179.3 18.584 61917.05 1.06 1.06 1.06
3 179.3 12.584 28390.25 1.04 1.04 1.04
4 232 6.584 10058.71 1.03 1.03 1.03
5 232 0.584 79.13863 1.00 1.00 1.00
6 232 -5.416 6806.442 0.98 0.98 0.98
7 342.6 -11.41 44648.06 0.93 0.93 0.93
8 342.6 -14.4 71197.42 0.91 0.91 0.91
y1 223097.1 0 8.97 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 286 4.97 7048.48 1.00 0.99 1.00
3 280 0.47 61.09 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 280 -5.53 8575.56 1.00 1.01 1.01
5 0 -11.5 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
6th floor 15685.13
x1 0 24.323 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 103 20.323 42549.77 1.08 1.03 1.08
3 103 14.323 21134.38 1.05 1.02 1.05
4 232 8.323 16073.95 1.07 1.03 1.07
5 232 2.323 1252.164 1.02 1.01 1.02
6 232 -3.677 3137.257 0.97 0.99 0.99
7 232 -9.677 21729.23 0.92 0.97 0.97
8 232 -12.68 37290.3 0.89 0.96 0.96
y1 143167 0 8.97 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 286 4.97 7048.48 1.00 0.98 1.00
3 214 0.47 46.71 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 214 -5.53 6556.36 1.00 1.01 1.01
5 0 -11.5 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
roof level 13651.55
x1 0 24.323 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 103 20.323 42549.77 1.08 1.03 1.08
3 103 14.323 21134.38 1.06 1.02 1.06
4 232 8.323 16073.95 1.08 1.03 1.08
5 232 2.323 1252.164 1.02 1.01 1.02
6 232 -3.677 3137.257 0.97 0.99 0.99
7 232 -9.677 21729.23 0.91 0.97 0.97
8 232 -12.68 37290.3 0.88 0.95 0.95
y1 143167 0 8.97 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 286 4.97 7048.48 1.00 0.98 1.00
3 214 0.47 46.71 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 214 -5.53 6556.36 1.00 1.02 1.02
5 0 -11.5 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
stair level 13651.55
x1 0 19 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 0 15 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
3 173 9 14013.81 1.17 0.83 1.17
4 173 3 1557.09 1.06 0.94 1.06
5 0 -3 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
6 0 -9 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 0 -15 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
8 0 -18 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
y1 15570.9 0 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 0 4.97 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
3 0 0.47 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
4 131 -3.00 1178.27 0.98 1.02 1.02
5 0 -11.5 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1178.27
3.8 Final total lateral forces

Then the total horizontal force at a particular frame will be
Fix=αixFix where αix = max (αx1, αx2)
Fiy=αiyFiy αiy= max (αy1, αy2)
ground floor mezanine@3
Axis Qi αix αiy Fi Axis Qi αix αiy Fi
x1 4.25 1.04 4.43 x1 6.52 1.026 6.69
2 4.251 1.03 4.39 2 11.48 1.090 12.52
3 4.251 1.02 4.33 3 11.48 1.023 11.74
4 4.251 1.00 4.27 4 15.82 0.981 15.52
5 3.379 1.00 3.38 5 13.13 0.961 12.61
6 3.529 1.00 3.54 6 0.00 1.000 0.00
7 3.379 1.00 3.39 7 0.00 1.000 0.00
8 3.379 1.00 3.39 8 0.00 1.000 0.00
y1 6.87 1.00 6.88 y1 9.56 0.93 8.93
2 6.87 1.00 6.87 2 16.68 0.94 15.64
3 6.87 1.00 6.87 3 16.68 1.00 16.65
4 6.87 1.01 6.93 4 11.02 1.14 12.54
5 3.21 1.01 3.24 5 4.49 1.07 4.80
mezanine@.6 ist floor
x1 0 1.00 0.00 x1 24.99 1.048 26.19
2 0 1.00 0.00 2 31.12 1.048 32.63
3 0 1.00 0.00 3 31.12 1.031 32.08
4 0 1.00 0.00 4 49.68 1.021 50.71
5 15.64 1.15 17.91 5 43.10 0.998 43.02
6 10.16 1.03 10.45 6 30.98 0.994 30.80
7 14.17 1.00 14.11 7 39.24 0.986 38.70
8 16.84 0.99 16.69 8 43.77 0.981 42.94
y1 21.34 0.98 20.86 y1 48.10 0.99 47.45
2 4.668 1.00 4.66 2 71.07 0.99 70.31
3 11.48 1.01 11.60 3 81.32 1.00 81.29
4 19.33 1.09 21.07 4 69.86 1.01 70.78
5 1.00 0.00 5 23.65 1.01 23.86
2nd floor 3rd floor
x1 0 1.00 0.00 x1 0.00 1.000 0.00
2 36.49 1.07 39.07 2 32.79 1.081 35.46
3 36.49 1.05 38.16 3 32.79 1.054 34.55

4 36.49 1.02 37.26 4 32.79 1.026 33.64
5 33.5 1.00 33.48 5 32.79 1.000 32.78
6 30.43 1.00 30.32 6 32.79 0.993 32.56
7 33.5 0.99 33.25 7 32.79 0.987 32.35
8 33.5 0.99 33.20 8 32.79 0.983 32.25
y1 0 1.00 0.00 y1 0.00 1.00 0.00
2 71.57 1.02 72.75 2 84.62 1.02 85.98
3 84.41 1.00 84.65 3 115.90 1.00 116.27
4 84.41 1.01 85.00 4 99.03 1.01 99.80
5 1.00 0.00 5 1.00 0.00
4th floor 5th floor
x1 0 1.00 0.00 x1 0.00 1.000 0.00
2 51.65 1.83 94.55 2 42.81 1.059 45.33
3 51.65 1.55 79.90 3 42.81 1.040 44.52
4 51.65 1.26 65.25 4 55.41 1.027 56.90
5 51.65 1.00 51.40 5 55.41 1.002 55.54
6 51.65 0.93 48.01 6 55.41 0.978 54.17
7 51.65 0.86 44.61 7 81.80 0.931 76.14
8 51.65 0.83 42.91 8 81.80 0.913 74.65
y1 0 1.00 0.00 y1 0.00 1.00 0.00
2 102.4 1.14 117.07 2 140.31 1.00 140.86
3 139.3 1.03 143.25 3 137.57 1.00 137.62
4 119.8 1.07 128.13 4 137.57 1.01 138.81
5 1.00 0.00 5 1.00 0.00
6th floor roof level
x1 0 1.00 0.00 x1 0.00 1.000 0.00
2 36.3 1.08 39.08 2 20.09 1.082 21.75
3 36.3 1.05 38.26 3 20.09 1.058 21.26
4 81.76 1.07 87.53 4 45.26 1.076 48.69
5 81.76 1.02 83.37 5 45.26 1.021 46.22
6 81.76 0.99 80.85 6 45.26 0.987 44.66
7 81.76 0.97 79.37 7 45.26 0.965 43.68
8 81.76 0.96 78.63 8 45.26 0.954 43.19
y1 0 1.00 0.00 y1 0.00 1.00 0.00
2 192.6 1.00 192.97 2 106.62 1.00 106.59
3 144.4 1.00 144.40 3 79.92 1.00 79.92
4 144.4 1.01 146.40 4 79.92 1.02 81.18
5 1.00 0.00 5 1.00 0.00
stair level
Axis Qi αix αiy Fi
x1 0 1.00 0.00
2 0 1.00 0.00
3 100.5 1.17 117.72
4 100.5 1.06 106.25
5 0 1.00 0.00
6 0 1.00 0.00
7 0 1.00 0.00
8 0 1.00 0.00
y1 0 1.00 0.00
2 100.5 1.00 100.51
3 100.5 1.00 100.51
4 0 1.02 0.00
5 1.00 0.00
3.9 the Later loads

Axis –y1
Axis-y2

Axis-y3

Axis-y4

Axis –y5
In the Y-direction
Axis-x1

Axis-x2

Axis-x3

Axis-x4

Axis-x5

Axis-x6

Axis-x7

Axis-x8

Chapter 4
Beam and column analysis and design
4.1 Beam design and analysis for flexure
Beams are flexural members which are used to transfer the loads from slab to columns.
Basically beams should be designed for flexure (moment). Further more it is essential to
check and design the beam sections for torsion and shear. Our code recommends that beams
are not designed for axial forces.
In our case a particular beam axis is selected for design. The following out put data is
taken from3-D analysis of the frame using SAP2000.
Frame element forces
Frame loc V T M
552 0 -47.3 16.6 -54.8
M - - 117.3
4 -55.0 - -145.7
561 0 170 1.2 -256.8
M - 92.3
6 175.1 -264
570 0 -183.6 0 -278.6
M - 98.9
6 181.1 -276.3
579 0 58.8 1.8 -171.7
M - 136.8
6 56.4 -163.5
588 0 182.4 14.51 -280
M - 94.1
6 180.3 -268.7
597 0 179.3 15.9 -276.9
M - 96.4
6 174.6 -264.5
606 0 211.1 19.4 -265.9
M - 224.8
3 207.3 -273.6
4.1.1 Design information

 Material data
Concrete C-25
Steel S-300
Class I works
Preliminary section 300mm*450mm

4.1.2 Depth for deflection

0.6 f yk Le
d   0 .4   ; taking the larger span from the continuous beam;
400 a
Le= 6000mm and
ßa= 28(interior span)
fyk= 300Mpa
Substituting the above values;
d   0 .4  
0.6 * 300 6000
= 182.14. Using Ø20steel bars;
400 28
Overall depth D= d+cover+1.5Ø= 182.14+25+1.5*20=237.14<450mm Ok and the
effective depth d=450-1.5*20-25=395mm.
4.1.3 Checking the section for flexure using design chart

1. Beam 552
ML MR MR = -145.7 MS= 117.3 ML=-54
MS
Using table 1a of EBCS-2, part 2, 1995:
I. for MR= -145.7 (moment at the support)
M 145.7
Km  = = 55.79 < Km* so, the section is
b d 0.3 0.395
singly reinforced.
For Km =55.79 a corresponding value of Ks=4.62 is read from table 1a.
There fore area of reinforcing steel, As can be calculated from the formula
K *M 4.62 * 145.7
As  s = =1721.18mm2
d 0.395
II. For ML=-54.8 (moment at the support)
M 54.8
Km  = = 34.22 < Km*=57.83 so, the section is singly
b d 0.3 0.395
reinforced.
There fore area of reinforcing steel, As can be calculated from the formula
K *M 4.09 * 54.8
As  s = =567.42mm2
d 0.395

III. For MS=117.3(moment at the span)

In this case the section should be checked whether it is a rectangular or a T section.
be
160
290
300
 L 4000
 bw  e  300   1100
For T section be   5 5
actual width (c / c  5000mm
There fore be=1100mm.
Using general design chart No1 of EBCS-2, part 2, 1995
D=395mm
M u ,s 117.3 * 10 6
 us    0.06 ; for this value a corresponding Kx
f cd be d 2 11.33 * 1100 * 396 2
x
value is read from the general chart. i.e. K x   0.13 , this implies X=0.13*395=51.35.
d
0.8X=0.8*51.35=41.08 which is less than hf (the height of the flange) =160mm. the
section is a rectangular section having width be=1100mm.
M 117.3
Km  = = 26.14 < Km*=57.83 so, the section is
b d 1.1 0.395
singly reinforced (no compression reinforcement is required).
Therefore, area of reinforcing steel, As can be calculated from the formula
K *M 4.00 * 117.3
As  s = =1187.85mm2
d 0.395
2. Beam 561
ML MR MR= -256.8 MS= 92.3 ML=-264.0
MS
I. for MR= -256.8 (moment at the support)
M 256.8
Km  = = 74.07 > Km*=57.83
b d 0.3 0.395
so, the section is doubly reinforced.

Km 74.07 d 45
*
  1.28 for 2   0.11 using table 1a
Km 57.83 d 395
K S M 1.015 * 4.48 * 256.8
ρ=1.015 AS1   =2956.3mm2
d 0.395
K '  ' M 1.6 * 1.01 * 256.8
ρ’=1.01 AS 2  S  =1050.6mm2
d 0.395
Ks=4.48
K’s=1.6
II. For ML=-264 (moment at the support)
M 264
Km  = = 75.1> Km*=57.83 so, the section is doubly
b d 0.3 0.395
reinforced.
Km 75.1 d2 45
*
  1 .3 for   0.11 using table 1a
Km 57.83 d 395
K S M 1.01 * 4.465 * 264
ρ=1.01 AS1   =3014mm2
d 0.395
K '  ' M 1.7 * 1.01 * 264
ρ’=1.01 AS 2  S  =1148mm2
d 0.395
Ks=4.465
K’s=1.7

be
300
 L 3000
 bw  e  300   900
D=395mm
M u ,s 92.3 * 10 6
f cd be d 2 11.33 * 900 * 395 2
x
d
0.8X=0.8*47.4=37.92which is less than hf (the height of the flange) =160mm.
the section is a rectangular section having width b e=900mm.

M 92.3
Km  = = 25.64< Km*=57.83 so, the section is
b d 0.9 0.395
K *M 4.08 * 92.3
As  s = =954mm2
d 0.395
3. Beam 570
ML MR MR= -276.3 MS= 98.9 ML= -278.6
MS
I. for ML= -276.3 (moment at the support)
M 278.6
Km  = = 77.15 > Km*=57.83 so, the section
b d 0.3 0.395
is doubly reinforced.
Km 77.15 d 45
*
  1.33 for 2   0.11 using table 1a
Km 57.83 d 395
K M 1.01 * 4.45 * 278.6
ρ=1.01 AS1  S  =3170mm2
d 0.395
K '  ' M 1.8 * 1.01 * 278.6
ρ’=1.01 AS 2  S  =1282mm2
d 0.395
Ks=4.45
K’s=1.8
II. For MR=-276.3 (moment at the support)
The reinforcements are the same as the support reinforcement above. i.e
AS1= 3170mm2
AS2 =1282mm2
be
300
 L 6000
 bw  e  300   1500
Using general design chart No1 of EBCS-2, part 2, 1995 d=395mm
M u ,s 98.9 * 10 6
f cd be d 2 11.33 * 1500 * 395 2
x
d
0.8X=0.8*39.5=31.6 which is less than hf (the height of the flange) =160mm. the section
is a rectangular section having width be=1500mm.
M 98.9
b d 1.5 0.395
K *M 3.98 * 98.9
As  s = =996.51mm2
d 0.395
4. Beam 579
ML MR MR= -163.5 MS= 136.8 ML=-171.7
MS
M 171.7
b d 0.3 0.395
Km 60.6 d 45
*
  1 .2 for 2   0.11 using table 1a
Km 57.83 d 395
K S M 1.015 * 4.54 * 171.7
ρ=1.015 AS1   =2003 mm2
d 0.395
K '  ' M 1.2 * 1.01 * 171.7
ρ’=1.01 AS 2  S  =526.84 mm2
d 0.395
Ks=4.54
K’s=1.2
AS1= 3170mm2
AS2 =1282mm2
be
160
290
300

 L 6000
 bw  e  300   1500
D=395mm
M u ,s 136.8 * 10 6
f cd be d 2 11.33 * 1500 * 395 2
x
value is read from the general chart. i.e. K x   0.11 , this implies X=0.11*395=43.45
d
M 136.8
b d 1.5 0.395
Therefore area of reinforcing steel, As can be calculated from the formula
K *M 3.99 * 136.8
As  s = =1382 mm2
d 0.395
5. Beam 588
ML MR MR= -268.7 MS= 94.1 ML=-280
MS
I. for ML= -280 (moment at the support)
M 280
Km  = = 77.34 > Km*=57.83 so, the section is
b d 0.3 0.395
doubly reinforced.
Km 77.34 d 45
*
  1.34 for 2   0.11 using table 1a
Km 57.83 d 395
K S M 1.01 * 4.45 * 280
ρ=1.01 AS1   =3186 mm2
d 0.395
K '  ' M 1.8 * 1.01 * 280
ρ’=1.01 AS 2  S  =1289 mm2
d 0.395
Ks=4.45
K’s=1.8
AS1= 3186mm2
AS2 =1289mm2
be
300
 L 6000
 bw  e  300   1500
D=395mm
M u ,s 94.1 * 10 6
f cd be d 2 11.33 * 1500 * 395 2
x
d
M 94.1
b d 1.5 0.395
Therefore area of reinforcing steel, As can be calculated from the formula
K *M 3.96 * 94.1
As  s = =943 mm2
d 0.395
6. Beam 597
ML MR MR= -264.5 MS= 96.4 ML=-276.9
MS
M 276.9
b d 0.3 0.395

Km 76.9 d2 45
*
  1.33 for   0.11 using table 1a
Km 57.83 d 395
K S M 1.02 * 4.45 * 276.9
ρ=1.02 AS1   =3182mm2
d 0.395
K ' S  ' M 1.8 * 1.06 * 276.9
ρ’=1.06 AS 2   =1337.5 mm2
d 0.395
Ks=4.45
K’s=1.8
II. for MR=-264.5 (moment at the support)
AS1= 3182mm2
AS2 =1337.5mm2
III. for MS=96.4(moment at the span)
be
300
 L 6000
 bw  e  300   1500
D=395mm
M u ,s 96.4 * 10 6
f cd be d 2 11.33 * 1500 * 395 2
x
d
M 96.4
b d 1.5 0.395
K *M 3.97 * 96.4
As  s = =969 mm2
d 0.395

7. Beam 606
ML MR MR= -265.9 MS= 224.8 ML=-273.6
MS

M 273.6
b d 0.3 0.395
Km 76.45 d 45
*
  1.32 for 2   0.11 using table 1a
Km 57.83 d 395
K S M 1.015 * 4.45 * 273.6
ρ=1.015 AS1   =3128.6mm2
d 0.395
K ' S  ' M 1.8 * 1.045 * 273.8
ρ’=1.045 AS 2   =1302.9 mm2
d 0.395
Ks=4.45
K’s=1.8
II. for MR=-265.9 (moment at the support)
AS1= 3128.6mm2
AS2 =1302.9mm2
III. for MS=224.8(moment at the span)
be
300
 L 3000
 bw  e  300   900
D=395mm
M u ,s 224.8 * 10 6
f cd be d 2 11.33 * 900 * 395 2
x
d

M 224.8
b d 0.9 0.395
K *M 4.17 * 224.8
As  s = =2373 mm2
d 0.395
4.2 Design of beams for shear and torsion

4.2.1 Shear design
I. nominal reinforcement
The shear force VC carried by the concrete in members with out significant axial forces
shall be taken as
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd
Where K1= (1+50ρ) < 2.0
K2= 1.6-d > 1.0 (d in meters). For members where more than 50%of
the bottom reinforcement is curtailed, K2 = 1.
A 0 .4
 s  min 
bw d f yk
As is the area of tensile reinforcement

II. Limiting value of ultimate shear force
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd , fcd < 20Mpa
The maximum spacing Smax between stirrups, in the longitudinal direction should be
Smax = 0.5d < 300mm if Vsd < 2 VRD
3
Smax = 0.3d < 200mm if Vsd > 2 VRD
3
If Vd is > VRD; the section must be changed
III. If the existing shear is such that VC< Vd < VRD
A * f vd A *
Vs  Vd  Vc  vd  v Shear reinforcement need be provided.
s bw
The shear between the critical section which is at a distance d from the face of the support,
and the point beyond which maximum spacing is used is reinforced by the difference of shear
capacity of concrete. The region beyond this is reinforced with maximum spacing.
4.2.2 Torsion design

Torsion results from the monolithic character of construction; and any assembly in the
loading of the floor slab produces torsion to the supporting beams.
Torsion shear stresses create diagonal tension resulting in diagonal crack. Thus, we need to
provide both closed stirrups and longitudinal steel to avoid brittle fracture.

I. torsional resistance of concrete

Torsional effect may be disregarded whenever the design torque TSD is less than TC
given by (EBCS-2, 1995)
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef however, minimum reinforcement may be provided in such away
that ρmin= 0.4 , and the spacing of stirrups shall not exceed Uef
fyk 8
More ever, at least one longitudinal bar shall be placed at each corner of the closed stirrup
with spacing not exceeding 350mm.
II. Limiting value of ultimate shear

In order to prevent diagonal compression failure in the concrete the torsional resistance, TRD,
of a section shall not be less than the applied torque TSd.
Where TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef > Tsd.
4.2.3 Combined actions

a) Torsion and bending or torsion and axial forces
 Simple super position by separately determining area of reinforcements may be
applied.
b) Torsion and shear
 limiting values for torsion and shear are
TRd, com = βtTRd and VRd,com = βvVRd in which
1
t 
2
 VSD 
 V RD 
1  
 TSD 
 TRD 
1
V 
2
 TSD 
 TRD 
1  
 VSD 
 V RD 
Further the torsional and shear resistance of the concrete shall be
TC, com = βtcTC and VC,com = βvcVC in which
1
 tc 
2
 VSD 
 VC 
1  
 TSD 
 TC 

1
 VC 
2
 TSD 
 TC 
1  
 VSD 
 VC 
For our case the selected continuous beam in a particular axis has design shear and torsion
values as shown in the above table.
4.3. Shear and torsion reinforcement

1. Frame 552
Design actions
Aef = (D-2d’)*(b-2d’)…….area of equivalent hollow section.
Aef = (450-2*35)(300-2*35)= 87.4*103
hef = def/5, def is the diameter of a largest circle that can be inscribed in the hollow
section.
hef = def/5 < A/U; A=450*300 = 13.5*104mm2 A/U= 900mm
U= 2*300+2*450= 1500mm
= (300-2*65) =230 < 900mm
fctd = 0.21*fck2/3 = 0.21*202/3 =1.031
γc 1.5
Vsd = 55KN
Tsd = 16.6KN-M
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*300*395 = 335.65
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef = 0.8*11.33*87.4*103*46=36.44
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef = 1.2*1.031*87.4*103*46 = 4.98
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd = 0.25*1.031*1.75*1.205*300*395=64.41KN
Length of the beam, L=4m
VRD=335.65>55; no diagonal compression.
Reduction factors for section capacity of concrete when shear and torsion come at a time
are:
a) Torsion
1
t   0.98
2
 55 
1   335.65 
 36.4 
 16.6 
b) Shear
1
V   0.34
2
 16.6 

1  36 . 4 
 55 
 335.65 

Reduction factor for shear resistance of concrete

a) Torsion
1
 tc   0.97
2
 55 

1  64 . 41 
 16.6 
 4.96 
b) Shear
1
 VC   0.25
2
 16.6 
1   4.96 

 55
 64.1 
Corrected values
TRd, com = βtTRd = 0.98*36.4= 35.67
VRd,com = βvVRd = 0.34*335.65=114.12
TC, com = βtcTC = 0.97*4.96=4.81
VC,com = βvcVC = 0.25*64.41=16.1
4.3.1 Shear reinforcement
Taking the right portion of the diagram for design:

VSD= 1.775*55/2.15 = 44.9
The distance X, where nominal reinforcement is needed
X=16.1*2.15/55= 0.6m
 ASV f yk 56.52 * 300

   140mm
S max   0.4bw 0.4 * 300
d  395

Use 6 c/c 140mm.

From X=0.6 to X=1.76m
(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 157 * 260.87
S   130mm Use 6c/c 130mm.
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(55  16.1) * 10 3

b) Torsion
 Longitudinal reinforcements
Uef = (D+d-4d)*2= (450+300-4*35)*2= 1360mm
T  TC (16.6  4.81) * 10 6 * 1360
Asl  sd * U ef  3
 350mm 2
2 Aeff f yd 2(87.4 * 10 * 260.87
 Transverse bars(use 8)
U ef 1360
   170mm
 8 8
S 3
 2 Aeff f yd Astr  2 * 87.4 * 10 * 260.87 * 50.24  190mm
 Tsd  TC (16.6  4.81) * 10 6
Use 8 c/c 170mm
2. Frame 588
Design actions
Aef = (450-2*35)(300-2*35)= 87.4*103
section.
U= 2*300+2*450= 1500mm
= (300-2*65) =230 < 900mm
fctd = 0.21*fck2/3 = 0.21*202/3 =1.031
γc 1.5
Vsd = 179.3KN
Tsd = 14.51KN-M
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*300*395 = 335.65
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef = 0.8*11.33*87.4*103*46=36.44
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef = 1.2*1.031*87.4*103*46 = 4.98
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd = 0.25*1.031*1.1*1.205*300*395=40.5KN
VRD=335.65>179.3; no diagonal compression.
are:
a) Torsion
1
t   0.98
2
 179.3 
1   335.65 

 36.4
 14.51 
b) Shear
1
V   0.76
2
 14.51 
1   36.4 

 179.3
 335.65 

a) Torsion
1
 tc   0.55
2
 179.3 
1   36.4 

 14.51
 4.96 
b) Shear
1
 VC   0.83
2
 14.51 

1  4 . 96 
 40.5 
 179.3 
Corrected values
TRd, com = βtTRd = 0.98*36.4= 35.67
VRd,com = βvVRd = 0.76*335.65=255
TC, com = βtcTC = 0.55*4.96=2.73
VC,com = βvcVC = 0.83*40.5=33.6
a) Shear reinforcement

VSD= 2.605*179.3/3 = 155.7
X=33.6*3/179.3= 0.56m, since this distance is small let us use the average
value of VC and VSD,L
Vav=0.5* (VC + VSD,L)=0.5(155.7+33.6)=94.7KN
X1 is the distance from X=0 to 94.7KN force.
X1 = (94.7*3)/179.3=1.6m
 From X=0 to X=1.6m, use ø8
(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 100.5 * 260.87
S   150mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(94.7  33.6) * 10 3
Use 8c/c 150mm.

 From X=1.6 to X=3.0m, use ø10

(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 157 * 260.87
S   110mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(155.7  33.6) * 10 3
Use ø10 c/c 110mm
b) Torsion
Uef = (D+d-4d)*2= (450+300-4*35)*2= 1360mm
T  TC (14.51  2.73) * 10 6 * 1360
 190mm 2
2 Aeff f yd 2(87.4 * 10 * 260.87)
U ef 1360
   170mm
 8 8
S  3
 2 Aeff f yd Astr  2 * 87.4 *10 * 260.87 * 50.24  190mm
 Tsd  TC (16.6  4.81) *10 6
Use 8 c/c 170mm
3. Frame 597
Design actions
Aef = (450-2*35)(300-2*35)= 87.4*103
section.
U= 2*300+2*450= 1500mm
= (300-2*65) =230 < 900mm
fctd = 0.21*fck2/3 = 0.21*202/3 =1.031
γc 1.5
Vsd = 179.3KN
Tsd = 15.9KN-M
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*300*395 = 335.65
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef = 0.8*11.33*87.4*103*46=36.44
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef = 1.2*1.031*87.4*103*46 = 4.98
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd = 0.25*1.031*2*1.205*300*395=40.5KN
are:
a) Torsion
1
t   0.974
2
 179.3 
1   335.65 

 36.4
 15.9 

b) Shear
1
V   0.77
2
 15.9 
1   36.4 

 179.3
 335.65 
a) Torsion
1
 tc   0.795
2
 179.3 

1  73 . 61 
 15.9 
 4.98 
b) Shear
1
 VC   0.37
2
 15.9 
1   4.98 

 179.3
 73.61 
Corrected values
TRd, com = βtTRd = 0.974*36.4= 35.49
VRd,com = βvVRd = 0.77*335.65=258.45
TC, com = βtcTC = 0.795*4.96=3.96
VC,com = βvcVC = 0.37*73.61=27.24

VSD= 2.605*174.6/3 = 155.69
value of VC and VSD,
Vav=0.5* (VC + VSD,L)=0.5(155.7+27.24)=91.47KN
X1 = (91.47*3)/179.3=1.53m

(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 2 * 78.54 * 260.87
S   223mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(91.47  27.24) * 10 3
Use 10c/c 220mm.
 From X=1.53 to X=2.605m, use ø10

(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 2 * 78.54 * 260.87
S   90
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(179.3  27.24) * 10 3
Use ø10 c/c 90mm
4.3.2 Torsion
Uef = (D+d-4d)*2= (450+300-4*35)*2= 1360mm
Tsd  TC (15.9  3.96) * 10 6 * 1360
Asl  * U ef  3
 460mm 2
2 Aeff f yd 2(87.4 * 10 * 260.87)
U ef 1360
   170mm
 8 8
S 3
 2 Aeff f yd Astr  2 * 87.4 * 10 * 260.87 * 28.26  190mm
 Tsd  TC (15.9  3.96) * 10 6
Use 6 c/c 190mm.
4. Frame 606
Design actions
Aef = (450-2*35)(300-2*35)= 87.4*103
section.
U= 2*300+2*450= 1500mm
= (300-2*65) =230 < 900mm
fctd = 0.21*fck2/3 = 0.21*202/3 =1.031
γc 1.5
Vsd = 211.1KN
Tsd = 19.4KN-M
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*300*395 = 335.65
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef = 0.8*11.33*87.4*103*46=36.44
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef = 1.2*1.031*87.4*103*46 = 4.98
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd = 0.25*1.205*1.95*1.205*300*395=71.77KN

are:
a) Torsion
1
t   0.95
2
 211.1 

1  335 . 65 
 36.4 
 19.4 
b) Shear
1
V   0.76
2
 19.4 
1  36 . 4 
 211.1 
 335.65 
a) Torsion
1
 tc   0 .8
2
 211.1 
1   71.77 

 19.4
 4.98 
b) Shear
1
 VC   0 .6
2
 19.4 

1  4 . 98 
 211.1 
 71.77 
Corrected values
TRd, com = βtTRd = 0.95*36.44= 34.62
VRd,com = βvVRd = 0.76*335.65=255
TC, com = βtcTC = 0.8*4.98=4.00
VC,com = βvcVC = 0.6*71.77=43.10


VSD= 2.605*211.1/3 = 183.6
Vav=0.5* (VC + VSD, L) =0.5(211.1+43.1)=126.55KN
X1 = (126.55*3)/211.1=1.8m
(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 100.5 * 260.87
S   110mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(126.5  43.1) * 10 3
Use 8c/c 110mm.
 From X=1.8 to X=2.605m, use ø10
(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 2 * 78.54 * 260.87
S   171mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(126.5  43.1) * 10 3
Use ø10 c/c 170mm
b) Torsion
Uef = (D+d-4d)*2= (450+300-4*35)*2= 1360mm
T  TC (19.4  4.00) * 10 6 * 1360
 460mm 2
2 Aeff f yd 2(87.4 * 10 * 260.87)
U ef 1360
   170mm
 8 8
S 3
 2 Aeff f yd Astr  2 * 87.4 * 10 * 260.87 * 50.24  230mm
 Tsd  TC (19.4  4.81) * 10 6
Use 8 c/c 170mm.
5. Frame 561
Design actions
Aef = (450-2*35)(300-2*35)= 87.4*103
section.
U= 2*300+2*450= 1500mm
= (300-2*65) =230 < 900mm
fctd = 0.21*fck2/3 = 0.21*202/3 =1.031
γc 1.5
Vsd = 175.1KN
Tsd = 1.2KN-M
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*300*395 = 335.65
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef = 0.8*11.33*87.4*103*46=36.44
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef = 1.2*1.031*87.4*103*46 = 4.98
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd = 0.25*1.031*2*1.205*300*395=73.61KN
No Reduction factors for section capacity of concrete and shear resistance of concrete, as
the design torsion is small.

VSD= 2.605*175.1/3 = 152.42
X=73.61*3/175.1= 1.28m,
 From X=0 to X=1.28m, provide minimum reinforcement use ø8
Asv f yk 100.5 * 300
S max    251.25
0.4bw 0.4 * 300
Provide ø8 c/c 250mm
 From X=1.28 to X=2.605m, use ø10

(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 2 * 78.54 * 260.87
S   181.98mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(152.423  73.61) * 10 3
Use ø10 c/c 180mm
6. Frame 570
Design actions
Aef = (450-2*35)(300-2*35)= 87.4*103
section.
U= 2*300+2*450= 1500mm
= (300-2*65) =230 < 900mm
fctd = 0.21*fck2/3 = 0.21*202/3 =1.031
γc 1.5
Vsd = 211.1KN
Tsd = 19.4KN-M
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*300*395 = 335.65
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef = 0.8*11.33*87.4*103*46=36.44
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef = 1.2*1.031*87.4*103*46 = 4.98
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd = 0.25*1.205*1.95*1.205*300*395=71.77KN

are:
a) Torsion
1
t   0.95
2
 211.1 
1   335.65 

 36.4
 19.4 
b) Shear
1
V   0.76
2
 19 . 4 
1   36.4 

 211.1
 335 . 65 
a) Torsion
1
 tc   0 .8
2
 211.1 
1   71.77 

 19.4
 4.98 
b) Shear
1
 VC   0 .6
2
 19.4 
1   4.98 

 211.1
 71.77 
Corrected values
TRd, com = βtTRd = 0.95*36.44= 34.62
VRd,com = βvVRd = 0.76*335.65=255
TC, com = βtcTC = 0.8*4.98=4.00
VC,com = βvcVC = 0.6*71.77=43.10


VSD= 2.605*211.1/3 = 183.6
Vav=0.5* (VC + VSD, L) =0.5(211.1+43.1)=126.55KN
X1 = (126.55*3)/211.1=1.8m
(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 100.5 * 260.87
S   110mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(126.5  43.1) * 10 3
Use 8c/c 110mm.
 From X=1.8 to X=2.605m, use ø10
(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 2 * 78.54 * 260.87
S   171mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(126.5  43.1) * 10 3
Use ø10 c/c 170mm
b) Torsion
Uef = (D+d-4d)*2= (450+300-4*35)*2= 1360mm
T  TC (19.4  4.00) * 10 6 * 1360
 460mm 2
2 Aeff f yd 2(87.4 * 10 * 260.87)
U ef 1360
   170mm
 8 8
S 3
 2 Aeff f yd Astr  2 * 87.4 * 10 * 260.87 * 50.24  230mm
 Tsd  TC (19.4  4.81) * 10 6
Use 8 c/c 170mm.
7. Frame 579
Design actions
Aef = (450-2*35)(300-2*35)= 87.4*103
section.
U= 2*300+2*450= 1500mm
= (300-2*65) =230 < 900mm
fctd = 0.21*fck2/3 = 0.21*202/3 =1.031
γc 1.5
Vsd = 55KN
Tsd = 16.6KN-M
VRD = 0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*300*395 = 335.65
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef = 0.8*11.33*87.4*103*46=36.44
TC = 1.2fctdAefhef = 1.2*1.031*87.4*103*46 = 4.98
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd = 0.25*1.031*1.75*1.205*300*395=64.41KN
VRD=335.65>55; no diagonal compression.
are:
a) Torsion
1
t   0.98
2
 55 
1   335.65 
 36.4 
 16.6 
b) Shear
1
V   0.34
2
 16 . 6 
1   36.4 

 55
 335.65 
a) Torsion
1
 tc   0.97
2
 55 

1  64 . 41 
 16.6 
 4.96 
b) Shear
1
 VC   0.25
2
 16.6 
1   4.96 

 55
 64.1 
Corrected values
TRd, com = βtTRd = 0.98*36.4= 35.67
VRd,com = βvVRd = 0.34*335.65=114.12
TC, com = βtcTC = 0.97*4.96=4.81
VC,com = βvcVC = 0.25*64.41=16.1
4.3.1 Shear reinforcement

VSD= 1.775*55/2.15 = 44.9
X=16.1*2.15/55= 0.6m
 ASV f yk 56.52 * 300

   140mm
S max   0.4bw 0.4 * 300
d  395

Use 6 c/c 140mm.

From X=0.6 to X=1.76m
(d  d 'C ) ASV f yd (395  45) * 157 * 260.87
S   130mm
(VSD  Vc ,com ) * 10 3
(55  16.1) * 10 3
Use 6c/c 130mm.
b) Torsion
Uef = (D+d-4d)*2= (450+300-4*35)*2= 1360mm
T  TC (16.6  4.81) * 10 6 * 1360
 350mm 2
2 Aeff f yd 2(87.4 * 10 * 260.87
U ef 1360
   170mm
 8 8
S 3
 2 Aeff f yd Astr  2 * 87.4 * 10 * 260.87 * 50.24  190mm
 Tsd  TC (16.6  4.81) * 10 6
Use 8 c/c 170mm.
4.4 Anchorage length and laps for beams

The design bond fbd depends on the type of reinforcement the concrete strength and the
position of the bars during concreting. For good bondage bond condition
fbd = fctd , for plain bars
fbd = 2fctd , for ribbed bars .
All reinforcements shall be properly anchoraged at each end with due consideration for the
effect of arch action and shear cracks. Therefore tension or compression bars need to be
developed to the appropriate embedment length .Hooks also helps to anchor bars in tension.
The basic anchorage length which develops the full design strength of a straight reinforcing
bar is govern by
 * f yd
Lb  For deformed bars
8 f ctd
0.21(20) 2 / 3
f ctd  For C-25 concrete
1 .5
=1.032Mp
Fyd = 260.87 Mp for S-300 steel
 Lb=  *260.87/(8*1.032) = 31.6 

For deformed bars the required anchorage length

The required development length Lb,net is calculated as
1 * 31.6 *  * As ,cal
Lb ,net 
As ,ef
As ,cal 0.7 * 31.6 * As ,cal
= 31.6 * and for hooked tension bars
As ,eff As ,eff
Lb,min is the minimum anchorage length

 For bars in tension, Lb,min = 0.3Lb≥10 
≥200mm
 For bars in compression, Lb,min = 0.0.6Lb≥10 
≥200mm
For the beams designed above the anchorage lengths for tension and compression bars is
tabulated as
 The anchorage length of bars that are bent up as shear reinforcement shall be at least
equal to 1.3*Lb,net in tensions and 0.7* Lb,net in zones subjected to compression.
Beam Reinforcement As,cal(mm2) As,eff(mm2) Ф (mm2) Lb,net=31.6  *As,cal/As,eff(mm)
tension 1721.18 1808 24 720
compression 341 628 20 345
552
tension 2956.3 3164 24 710
561 compression 1050.6 1256 20 530

tension 3170 3164 24 760
compression 1282 1570 20 520
570
tension 2003 2260 24 675
579 compression 395 628 20 400

tension 3170 3164 24 760
compression 1282 1570 20 520
588
tension 3182 3164 24 760
597 compression 1337.5 1570 20 540

tension 3128.6 3164 24 750
compression 1303 1570 20 630
606

Therefore, for the sake simplicity we can take the maximum values of anchorage values.
 The anchorage length for tension bars should be at least 760mm.
 The anchorage length for compression bars is at least 630mm.
 For the beams at ends bars are bent up or down , the anchorage length is 1.3*750mm
= 975mm and 0.7*630mm = for hooked bars
The lap length Lo shall be at least equal to
Where lo,min = 0.3aa1Lb ≥200mm
a1 is a function of the percentage of the reinforcement lapped at any one section
as given in EBCS-2 Table 7.3
Therefore, for hundred percent 100% of lapping at a section, a1 =1.4
Lo,min = 1.4*0.3*a* Lb
= 0.42 a Lb
Generally the lap length Lo shall at least be equal to the basic anchorage length Lb.
For  24
lo,min = 0.42*1*31.6*24≥15*24
= 320≥360mm
= 360mm
For  20
lo,min = 0.42*1*31.6*20≥15*20
= 270≥300mm
300m
But Lo≥a 1* Lb,net ≥ Lo,min
≥1.4*31.6*  ≥ 0.42*31.6 
≥45  ≥13.3  Lo ≥45 
For  24
Lo ≥45*24 = 1080mm
For  20
Lo ≥45*20 = 900mm
For  16
Lo ≥45*16 = 720mm

4.5 Column analysis and design

Columns are compression members which are used to transfer the load to the sub
structure.
4.5.1 Design procedures

Generally allowance shall be made for the uncertainties associated with the prediction of
second order effects. For isolated elements the equivalent geometric imperfections may be
introduced by increasing the eccentricity of the longitudinal force by an additional
eccentricity ea, acting in the most unfavorable direction:
L
ea  e  20mm
300
Where Le denotes the effective length of the isolated element
A frame may be classified as non-sway for a given load case if the critical load ratio Nsd/Ncr
for that load case satisfies the criterion:
Nsd/Ncr < 0.1
Where: Nsd is the design value of the total vertical load
Ncr is its critical value for failure in a sway mode
Note: this representation is consistent for all frame elements.

column
design
Frame109
frame h(cm) b(cm) L(cm) Ix Kx Iy Ky
beam
1 30 50 600 112500 187.5 312500 520.8333
2 30 50 450 112500 250 312500 694.4444
3 30 50 600 112500 187.5 312500 520.8333
4 30 50 600 112500 187.5 312500 520.8333
column
A 50 45 200 468750 2343.8 379687.5 1898.438
B 55 600 449180 748.63 449180.3 748.6338
frame110
beam
1 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
2 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
3 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
4 40 30 450 160000 355.56 90000 200
5 30 50 600 112500 187.5 312500 520.8333
6 30 50 450 112500 250 312500 694.4444
7 30 50 600 112500 187.5 312500 520.8333
8 30 50 600 112500 187.5 312500 520.8333
column
A 55 600 449180 748.63 449180.3 748.6338
B 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
C 50 45 200 468750 2343.8 379687.5 1898.438
Frame-112
beam
1 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
2 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
3 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
4 40 30 450 160000 355.56 90000 200
5 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
6 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
7 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
8 40 30 450 160000 355.56 90000 200
column
A 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
B 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
C 55 300 449180 1497.3 449180.3 748.6338
Frame-113
beam
1 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
2 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
3 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
4 35 30 450 107188 238.19 78750 175
5 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
6 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
7 40 30 600 160000 266.67 90000 150
8 40 30 450 160000 355.56 90000 200
column
A 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
B 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
C 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
Frame-114
beam
1 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
2 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
3 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
4 35 30 450 107188 238.19 78750 175
5 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
6 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
7 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
8 35 30 450 107188 238.19 78750 175
column
A 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
B 30 25 300 56250 187.5 39062.5 130.2083
C 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
Frame-115
beam
1 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
2 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
3 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
4 30 25 450 56250 125 39062.5 86.80556
5 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
6 35 30 450 107188 238.19 78750 175
7 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
8 35 30 600 107188 178.65 78750 131.25
column
A 30 25 300 56250 187.5 39062.5 130.2083
B 30 25 300 56250 187.5 39062.5 130.2083
C 50 45 300 468750 1562.5 379687.5 1265.625
Frame-116
beam
1 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
2 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
3 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
4 30 25 450 56250 125 39062.5 86.80556
5 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
6 30 25 450 56250 125 39062.5 86.80556
7 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
8 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
column
A 30 25 300 39760.8 132.54 39062.5 130.2083
B 30 25 300 56250 187.5 39062.5 130.2083
C 30 25 300 56250 187.5 39062.5 130.2083

Frame-117
1.0 Lex
beam
1 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
2 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
3 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
4 30 25 450 56250 125 39062.5 86.80556
5 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
6 30 25 450 56250 125 39062.5 86.80556
7 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
8 30 25 600 56250 93.75 39062.5 65.10417
column
A 30 25 300 56250 187.5 39062.5 130.2083
C 30 25 300 56250 187.5 39062.5 130.2083
4.5.2 Determination of the effective length

The effective buckling length Le of a column in a given plane may be obtained from the
following:
o Non-sway mode
Le  m  0.4
  0 .7
L  m  0 .8
o Sway mode
Le 7.5  4( 1   2 )  1.6 1 2
  1.15
L 7 .5   1   2
Le
Or conservatively  1  0.8 m  1.15
L
K  Kc
1  1
K 11  K 12
K  Kc
2  2
K 21  K 22
 2
m  1
2
Our assumption is that the columns are sway mode and this will be proved in the next pages.
The calculations are tabulated below.

frame K1 K2 K7 K8 KA KB KC α1 α2 αm L Lex
109 187.5 250.0 0.0 0.0 1898.4 748.6 0.0 6.1 1.0 3.5 2000 3909.06
110 266.7 266.7 187.5 187.5 748.6 1265.6 1898.4 3.8 7.1 5.4 6000 13857.58
112 266.7 266.7 266.7 355.6 1265.6 1265.6 748.6 4.7 3.2 4.0 3000 6143.28
113 178.6 178.6 266.7 355.6 1265.6 1265.6 1265.6 7.1 4.1 5.6 3000 7010.67
114 178.6 178.6 178.6 238.2 1265.6 130.2 1265.6 3.9 6.1 5.0 3000 6702.61
115 93.8 93.8 178.6 178.6 130.2 130.2 1265.6 1.4 3.9 2.6 3000 5297.56
116 93.8 93.8 93.8 93.8 130.2 130.2 130.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 3000 4358.90
117 93.8 93.8 93.8 93.8 130.2 0.0 130.2 0.7 1.4 1.0 3000 4062.02
2.0 Lye
frame K1 K2 K7 K8 KA KB KC α1 α2 αm L Lye
109 187.5 250.0 0.0 0.0 2343.8 748.6 0.0 7.1 1.0 4.0 2000 4112.091
110 266.7 266.7 187.5 187.5 748.6 1562.5 2343.8 4.3 8.2 6.3 6000 14735.95
112 266.7 266.7 266.7 355.6 1562.5 1562.5 1497.3 5.9 4.9 5.4 3000 6913.515
113 178.6 178.6 266.7 355.6 1562.5 1562.5 1562.5 8.7 5.0 6.9 3000 7652.923
114 178.6 178.6 178.6 238.2 1562.5 187.5 1562.5 4.9 7.5 6.2 3000 7322.664
115 93.8 93.8 178.6 178.6 187.5 187.5 1562.5 2.0 4.9 3.4 3000 5816.584
116 93.8 93.8 93.8 93.8 132.5 187.5 187.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 3000 4614.042
117 93.8 93.8 93.8 93.8 132.5 0.0 187.5 0.7 1.7 1.2 3000 4205.874
4.5.3 Check for sway mode

A frame said to be in sway mode if N Nsd/ Ncr > 0.1 otherwise non-sway
Results are tabulated below
no
frame h(mm) b(mm) IC*10^6 bars dia.bar Is Eie Ncr*10^6 Nsd*10^6 ratio condition
non-
109 550 550 7626 12 28 6E+08 1.1E+14 4E+07 65.274 4.6866 0.07 sway
110 550 4492 12 28 6E+08 1.1E+14 2E+07 5.0829 3.6283 0.71 sway
112 500 450 4688 10 28 3E+08 6.2E+13 2E+07 12.886 3.1405 0.24 sway
113 500 450 4688 10 24 2E+08 4.6E+13 2E+07 7.7243 3.3636 0.44 sway
114 450 400 3038 8 24 1E+08 2.9E+13 2E+07 5.3339 2.5282 0.47 sway
115 450 400 3038 8 24 1E+08 2.9E+13 2E+07 8.4537 1.6846 0.2 sway
116 300 250 562.5 6 20 3E+07 5.9E+12 3E+06 2.7352 0.832 0.3 sway
non-
117 300 250 562.5 6 20 3E+07 5.9E+12 3E+06 3.2918 0.0925 0.03 sway
revise columns 109 &117
frame
109 Lye= 1835 >0.7*2000=1400
frame
117 Ley= 3746 >0.7*3000=2100

4.5.4 Check slenderness ratio
For isolated columns, the slenderness ratio is defined by:
L
 e Where Le is the effective buckling length
i
i is the minimum radius of gyration of the concrete section.
Limits of slenderness
 The slenderness ratio of concrete columns shall not exceed 140
 Second order effects in compressive members need not be taken in to account in the
following cases:
o For sway frames, the greater of one of the following equations
  25
15

d
o For non-sway frames
M
  50  25 1
M2
Where M1 and M2 are the first-order (calculated) moments at the ends, M2 being always
positive and greater in magnitude than M1,and M1being positive if member is bent in single
curvature and negative if bent in double curvature.
N sd
d 
f cd Ac
slenderness ratio
assumed as isolated columns
frame Iy Le A i λ condition
109 4E+05 183.5 3025 11.2 16.4 non-slender
110 4E+05 1474 2376 13.75 107 non-slender
112 4E+05 691.4 2250 12.99 53.2 non-slender
113 4E+05 765.3 2250 12.99 58.9 non-slender
114 4E+05 732.3 1800 14.52 50.4 non-slender
115 39063 581.7 1800 4.658 125 non-slender
116 39063 461.4 750 7.217 63.9 non-slender
117 39063 374.6 750 7.217 51.9 non-slender
4.5.5 Check for long or short column condition and consideration of the
second order effects.
frame 2nd order
frame Ac(mm2) Nsd(N) v λ λ<25 λcomputed type effect
sway frames
110 2E+05 4E+06 1.348 12.92 25 107.170527 Long considered
116 75000 8E+05 0.979 15.16 25 80.8708697 Long considered
2nd order

non sway frames M1 M2 50- 25(M1/M2) λ effect
Not
109 3E+05 -18.8 115.9 54.06 14.1 considered
117 1E+05 -26.3 46.5 64.14 65.7 considered
4.5.6 Determination of the total eccentricity.

The total eccentricity to be used for the design columns of constant cross-section at the
critical section is given by:
etot = ee+ea+e2
Where ea is equivalent constant first-order eccentricity of the design axial load
ee =eo …for first order eccentricity eo equal at both ends of a column.
ee= 0.6eo2+0.4eo2
ee = 0.4eo2 ….for first order moments varying linearly along the length the equivalent
eccentricity is the higher value.
Where eo1 and eo2 are the first order eccentricities at the ends, eo2 being positive and
greater in magnitude.
ea is the additional eccentricity
e2 is the second- order eccentricity, for non sway frames e2 is given by
K L2
e2  1 e Where: Le is the effective buckling length of the column
10r
K1=λ/20-0.75 for 15 < λ < 35
K1=1.0 for λ > 35
1/r is the curvature at the critical section
In the amplified sway moments method, the sway moments found by a first order analysis
shall be increased by multiplying them by the moment magnification factor:
1
s 
N
1  sd
N cr
Where Nsd is the design value of the total vertical load
Ncr is its critical value for failure in a sway mode
The amplified sway moments method shall not be used when the critical load ratio N sd/Ncr is
more than 0.25.

Results are tabulated below.
a) determination of the imperfection eccentricity ,ea
adjusted
frame Le ea(mm) ea(mm)
109 1835 6.115 20
110 14736 49.12 49.12
112 6914 23.045 23.05
113 7653 25.51 25.51
114 7323 24.409 24.41
115 5817 19.389 20
116 4614 15.38 20
117 3746 12.487 20
b) second order eccentricity e2
frame Ncr*10^6 Nsd*10^6 Nsd/Ncr σs σs(adjusted)
109 65.27 4.69 0.09 1.00 1.00
110 5.08 3.63 0.65 2.85 1.33
112 12.89 3.14 0.27 1.37 1.33
113 7.72 3.36 0.35 1.53 1.33
114 5.33 2.53 0.28 1.40 1.33
115 8.45 1.68 0.28 1.40 1.33
116 2.74 0.83 0.14 1.17 1.17
117 3.29 0.09 0.01 1.01 1.01
c-1) case -1 for comb-1 corrected moments for 2nd order

frame M1x M2x M1y M2y σs M1x M2x M1y M2y Nsd eo1y eo2y eo1x eo2x
109 0.7 3.6 2.3 8.1 1.0 0.7 3.6 2.3 8.1 4.7 0.1 0.8 0.5 1.7
110 7.8 9.4 2.3 16.9 1.3 10.4 12.5 3.1 22.5 3.6 2.9 3.5 0.8 6.2
112 1.8 3.6 34.8 44.7 1.3 2.4 4.8 46.4 59.6 3.1 0.8 1.5 14.8 19.0
113 2.8 3.7 60.3 61.1 1.3 3.7 4.9 80.4 81.4 3.4 1.1 1.4 23.9 24.2
114 1.5 2.2 69.5 139.9 1.3 2.0 2.9 92.6 186.5 2.5 0.8 1.2 36.6 73.8
115 0.9 1.1 38.7 48.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 51.6 65.1 1.7 0.7 0.9 30.6 38.6
116 3.2 4.2 60.3 60.5 1.2 3.7 4.9 70.4 70.7 0.8 4.5 5.9 84.6 84.9
117 1.1 3.1 12.7 32.2 1.0 1.1 3.1 12.9 32.6 0.1 11.6 34.0 139.1 352.8
c-2) case -2 worst case
frame M1x M2x M1y M2y σs M1x M2x M1y M2y Nsd eo1y eo2y eo1x eo2x
109 26.8 156.7 0.0 6.2 1.0 26.8 156.7 0.0 6.2 3.5 7.6 44.5 0.0 1.7
110 6.0 7.6 179.3 244.4 1.3 8.0 10.1 239.0 325.8 3.4 2.3 2.9 69.5 94.8
112 22.7 30.5 223.7 227.9 1.3 30.3 40.7 298.2 303.8 3.1 9.8 13.1 96.3 98.1
113 41.3 42.6 231.6 266.7 1.3 55.0 56.8 308.7 355.5 2.5 21.8 22.6 122.6 141.1
114 48.9 57.2 221.3 255.3 1.3 65.2 76.2 295.0 340.3 1.9 34.4 40.3 155.8 179.7
115 26.8 34.5 135.5 140.7 1.3 35.7 46.0 180.6 187.6 1.3 28.3 36.4 143.0 148.5
116 55.0 69.5 116.6 126.5 1.2 64.2 81.2 136.2 147.7 0.6 103.2 130.4 218.8 237.4
117 8.5 23.4 54.8 56.8 1.0 8.6 23.7 55.5 57.6 0.1 120.0 330.3 773.5 801.7
c) determination of 1st order eccentricity e0

c-1) case -1 for comb-1

0.6*eo2y- 0.6*eo2y-
frame eo1y eo2y eo1x eo2x 0.4*eoy1 0.4*eo2y eoy 0.4*eoy1 0.4*eo2y eox
109 0.15 0.77 0.00 1.73 0.40 0.31 0.40 1.04 0.69 1.04
110 2.87 3.45 69.55 6.21 0.93 1.38 1.38 -24.09 2.48 2.48
112 0.58 1.16 96.29 14.39 0.46 0.46 0.46 -29.88 5.76 5.76
113 1.11 1.45 122.57 24.21 0.42 0.58 0.58 -34.50 9.69 9.69
114 0.79 1.16 155.80 73.76 0.38 0.46 0.46 -18.06 29.51 29.51
115 0.71 0.87 142.99 38.61 0.24 0.35 0.35 -34.03 15.45 15.45
116 4.49 5.90 218.84 84.93 1.74 2.36 2.36 -36.58 33.97 33.97
117 11.61 33.96 773.51 352.79 15.73 13.59 15.73 -97.73 141.12 141.12
0.6*eo2y- 0.6*eo2y-
frame eo1y eo2y eo1x eo2x 0.4*eoy1 0.4*eo2y eoy 0.4*eoy1 0.4*eo2y eox
109 7.63 44.54 5.34 1.75 23.68 17.82 23.68 -1.09 0.70 0.70
110 2.33 2.93 69.55 94.80 0.83 1.17 1.17 29.06 37.92 37.92
112 9.77 13.13 96.29 98.10 3.97 5.25 5.25 20.34 39.24 39.24
113 21.83 22.56 122.57 141.13 4.80 9.03 9.03 35.65 56.45 56.45
114 34.43 40.27 155.80 179.74 10.39 16.11 16.11 45.52 71.89 71.89
115 28.28 36.41 142.99 148.47 10.53 14.56 14.56 31.89 59.39 59.39
116 103.23 130.44 218.84 237.42 36.97 52.18 52.18 54.92 94.97 94.97
117 119.98 330.29 773.51 801.74 150.18 132.12 150.18 171.64 320.69 320.69
Total eccentricity
total eccentricity editor and moments
c-1) case -1 for comb-1
Nsd*10^ ed,tot ed,tot
frame eoy eox 6 ea x y Mdx Mdy
109 0.40 1.04 4.69 20.00 21.04 20.40 95.61 98.59
110 1.38 2.48 3.63 49.12 51.60 50.50 183.23 187.23
112 0.46 5.76 3.14 23.05 28.80 23.51 73.83 90.45
113 0.58 9.69 3.36 25.51 35.20 26.09 87.75 118.38
114 0.46 29.51 2.53 24.41 53.91 24.87 62.88 136.31
115 0.35 15.45 1.68 20.00 35.45 20.35 34.28 59.71
116 2.36 33.97 0.83 20.00 53.97 22.36 18.60 44.90
117 15.73 141.12 0.09 20.00 161.12 35.73 3.31 14.90
ed,tot ed,tot
frame eoy eox Nsd ea x y Mdx Mdy
109 23.68 17.63 3.52 20.00 37.63 43.68 153.65 132.38
110 1.17 37.92 3.44 49.12 87.04 50.29 172.83 299.11
112 5.25 39.24 3.10 23.05 62.29 28.30 87.63 192.88
113 9.03 56.45 2.52 25.51 81.96 34.54 86.99 206.46
114 16.11 71.89 1.89 24.41 96.30 40.52 76.71 182.34
115 14.56 59.39 1.26 20.00 79.39 34.56 43.66 100.29
116 52.18 94.97 0.62 20.00 114.97 72.18 44.92 71.54
150.1
117 8 320.69 0.07 20.00 340.69 170.18 12.22 24.46

4.5.7 Reinforcement bars determination
Reinforcements provided according to EBCS-2, 1995 using interaction charts as
follows.
case-1
frame Ac(mm2) h(mm) N Mh Mb    w remark
109 302500 550.00 4686.60 95.61 97.67 1.4 0.05 0.05 0.63 bi cha.no 18
112 225000 500.00 3140.50 73.83 90.45 1.2 0.06 0.07 0.47 bi cha.no 18
113 225000 500.00 3363.60 87.75 118.38 1.3 0.07 0.09 0.53 bi cha.no 18
114 180000 450.00 2528.20 62.88 136.55 1.2 0.07 0.15 0.71 bi cha.no 18
115 120000 400.00 1684.60 34.28 59.71 1.2 0.06 0.11 0.57 bi cha.no 18
116 105000 350.00 832.00 18.60 44.90 0.7 0.04 0.11 0.16 bi cha.no 18
117 75000 300.00 92.50 3.31 16.28 0.1 0.01 0.06 0.15 bi cha.no 17
case-2
frame Ac(mm2) h(mm) N Mh Mb    w remark
109 302500 550.00 3517.85 153.65 132.38 1.0 0.08 0.07 0.32 bi cha.no 18
112 225000 500.00 3096.70 87.63 192.88 1.2 0.07 0.15 0.825 bi cha.no 18
113 225000 500.00 2519.00 86.99 206.46 1.0 0.07 0.16 0.7 bi cha.no 18
114 180000 450.00 1893.40 76.71 182.34 0.9 0.08 0.20 0.76 bi cha.no 18
bi
115 120000 400.00 1263.20 43.66 100.29 0.9 0.08 0.18 0.74 cha.no17&18
116 105000 350.00 622.30 44.92 71.54 0.5 0.11 0.17 0.43 bi cha.no17
117 75000 300.00 71.80 12.22 24.46 0.1 0.05 0.10 0.24 bi cha.no17
for circles
frame Ac(mm2) h(mm) N Mh Mb Mad   w
casi-1
110 237583 550.00 3628.30 183.23 190.51 264.3 1.3 0.18 0.93 bi cha.no 18
casi-2
110 237583 550.00 3436.50 172.83 299.11 345.5 1.3 0.24 1.17 bi cha.no 18
final reinforcements
As No
frame Ac(mm2) w As, calc Amin Asmax provided  bars provided
109 302500 0.63 8277 2420 24200 8277 24 18.30 19
110 237583 1.17 12073 1901 19007 12073 24 26.69 12
112 225000 0.83 8062 1800 18000 8062 24 17.82 14
113 225000 0.70 6840 1800 18000 6840 24 15.12 12
114 180000 0.76 5941 1440 14400 5941 24 13.13 10
115 120000 0.74 3857 960 9600 3857 24 8.53 9
116 105000 0.43 1961 840 8400 1961 20 6.24 7
117 75000 0.24 782 600 6000 782 16 3.89 4
4.5.8 Transverse bars for columns

The purpose of transverse bars is to keep the longitudinal bars in position and prevent them
from buckling outwards.
The minimum diameter of ties or spirals is 6mm or the longitudinal bars divided by four,
which ever is greater.
The spacing of the bars is given by
C/c spacing ≤ 12 longitudinal bars
b= least dimension of the colum
300mm
Based on the above requirement and dimension of the transverse bars, the
required spacing is tabulated below.
Column Minimum Spacing Spacing Stirrup

frame min b spacing calculated provided diameter
109 24 550 300 288 280mm 6
112 24 400 300 288 280 6
113 20 400 300 240 240 6
114 20 300 300 240 240 6
115 20 300 300 240 240 6
116 16 250 300 192 190 6
117 16 250 300 192 190 6
For the column frame110, provide spirals with 100mm pitch.
4.5.9 Lap length for columns

According to EBCS-2,1995, the basic anchorage length Lb for any bar diameter of deformed
bar is given by:
Lb =  * fyd /(8fctd)
For C-25 and s-300
Lb = 260.87*  /(8*1.032)
= 31.6 
The required anchorage length Lb,net is calculated as
Lb,net = a*Lb* As,cal/As.eff ≥ Lb,min, where a = 1(deformed bars) & 0.7 for hooked bars in
tension.
Lb,min = 10  , for bars in tension
= 18.96  ≤31.6  , for compression bars(calculated for beams above)
For bars with 100% lapping at a given section where a1 = 1.4( , EBCS-2 Table 7.3), the
required lap length is computed by :
Lo≥1.4*31.6 
The results for the above expression is tabulated below.
Column Lb,net = 31.6  *As,cal/As,eff
frame As,cal(mm2) Serf(mm2)  (mm) (mm) Lo(mm2)
110 7883 8143 24 735 1030
109 8842 9048 24 940 1316
112 6840 7238 24 720 1008
113 5570 5655 20 625 875
114 551 5655 20 620 868
115 2971 3142 20 600 840
116 1961 2011 16 490 686
117 619 804 16 390 546

CHAPTER 5
5. Foundation design
5.1 Loading
This is obtained from sap 2000 analysis result.
Two combinations are considered.
o Comb-1
Fx = 2.14KN M x= 2.29KNm
F y = 5.18KN M y= 3.60KNm
P = 4686.6KN
o Comb-2
Fx = 91.75KN M x= 3.00KNm
Fy = 3.20KN My = 156.70KNm
P= 3517.85KN
 Material data
Concrete C-25
Steel s-300
 Soil data
The soil where the structure is to be constructed is of weathered rock type and
from EBCS-7, 1995 the design bearing resistance is given as 1400KPa.
σs =1400KPa
Taking a factor of safety 1.5,
σal = 933.33KPa
5.2 Proportioning of footing

A) Design for comb-1
1) proportioning of the plan area
B’
b b is the dimension of the
L’ footing pad
B’ is the footing column width
L’ is the footing column height

σs =P(1+ 6ea/a+6eb/b)/(a*b)
Where ea= My/P and eb=Mx/P
in our case B’=L’=550mm and we used a/b=1.50 usually used ratio.
ea= My/P =3.60/4686.6=0.0008
eb=Mx/P =2.29/4686.6=0.0005
Using these data:
933.33=4686.6(1+ 6*0.0008/b+6*0.0005/b)/b2
Using trial and error procedure
b =2.244m
Use b=2.3m
We check these values for maximum and minimum stresses.
σmax = 4686.6(1+ 6*0.0008/2.3+6*0.0005/2.3)/2.32
= 887.276< 933.33 ok!
min = 4686.6(1- 6*0.0008/(1.5*1.6)-6*0.0005/1.6)/(2.32)
=882.7 >0 ok!
B) Design for comb-4
σs =P(1+ 6ea/a+6eb/b)/(a*b)
Where ea= My/P and eb=Mx/P
in our case B’=L’=550mm and we used a/b=1.50 usually used ratio.
ea= My/P =156.7/3517.85=0.045m
eb=Mx/P =3.20/3517.85=0.001m
Using these data:
933.33=3517.85(1+ 6*0.045/b+6*0.001/b)/b2
Using trial and error procedure
b =2.067m
However this is less than the above computed values for comb-1. So the governing condition
for proportioning is comb-1 loading.
So we use b=2.30m
5.3 Depth determination

5.3.1 Punching shear
The punching shear is obtained at a distance d from the face of the columns.
For comb-1
d + 0.55
0.55m punching zone

d + 0.55 d/2
0.55m b =2.3m

d/2
b =2.30m
P=4686.50KN
882.7
887.27
 Acting punching shear

Pp=P-(0.55+d) 2 * σaverag
Where σaverage = (882.7+887.27)/2 = 885.135
 Sheared area
Ap= (0.55+d)*4*d
 Acting stress
Up= Pp/Up
 Punching resistance
Ucp=0.5fctd *(1+50ρ)
Where fctd=√0.21*Fck^2/3 /γc =0.21*(20)^(2/3)/1.5
=1.03*103 Kpa
But Up<Ucp
Pp=4686.6-(0.55+d)2 *885.135 < 567.34 Kpa
(0.55+d)*4*d
Solving for d by trial and error procedure d>0.84
Then D=d+cover
=0.84+.05
=0.90m
Use D=0.90m and d=0.85m
For comb-4
d + 0.55

0.55m punching zone

d + 0.55 d/2
0.55m b =2.3m
d/2
b =2.30m
P=3517.85KN
713.43
930.27
 Acting punching shear

Pp=P-(0.55+d) 2 * σaverag
Where σaverage = (713.43+930.9)/2 = 822.17
 Sheared area
Ap= (0.55+d)*4*d
 Acting stress
Up= Pp/Up
 Punching resistance
Ucp=0.5fctd *(1+50ρ)
Where fctd=√0.21*Fck^2/3 /γc =0.21*(20)^(2/3)/1.5
ρ= ρmin=0.002
fctd =1.03*103
But Up<Ucp
Ucp=0.5fctd *(1+50ρ) =567.34KPa
Pp=3517.85-(0.55+d) 2 * σaverag <567.34 Kpa

(0.55+d)*4*d
Solving for d by trial and error procedure d>0.74
And D=0.67+.05 = 0.79m <0.90m
Therefore, use D=0.90m and d=0.85m
5.3.2. Wide beam shear for depth (diagonal shear)
The wide beam shear is calculated at a distance of d from the face of the footing
column.
For comb-1 2

0.55m wide bean shear zone.
0.55m b =2.30m
d
1 1
b =2.30m
2
P=4686.6KN
882.7
887.27
 Section 1-1
 Acting punching shear stress
Vp =2.3*(2.3/2-0.55/2-.85) * σ’
Where σ’= (2.3-2.3*.5-0.55*.5-0.85)/2.3*(887.27-882.7)+882.7
=882.75
Vp=50.76KPa
 Resistance
Ucw=0.3fctd *(1+50ρ) where the parameters are as
defined above
=386.10Kpa
Hence Vp < Ucp ok! The section is enough.
 Section 2-2
The section is not within the area.
For comb-4 2
0.55m wide beam shear zone.
0.55

1 b =2.30m
d1
b =2.30m
2
3517.85KN
σ’
σ’
713.43
930.9
 Section 1-1
 Acting punching shear stress

Vp =2.30(2.3/2-0.55/2-.85) * σ’
Where σ’= (2.3-2.3*.5-0.55*.5-0.85)/2.3*(930.9-713.43)+713.43
=718.86KN
And Vp=41.33KPa
 Resistance
Ucw=0.3fctd *(1+50ρ) where the parameters are as
defined above
=386.10Kpa
Hence Vp < Ucp ok!
The section is enough.
 Section 2-2
The section is out of the zone.
5.4 Reinforcement
The design moments are obtained at the face of the columns.

Critical section for moment calculation
887. 27 for comb-1

882.7
2.83
1.74
Critical section for moment
calculation
for comb-4
713.43 930.9
134.74
82.73
Design moments
For comb-1
M=2.83 * 0.875*0.875/2+1.74*0.875*0.5*2/3+882.7*0.875*0.875 /2
=339.5KNm
For comb-4
M=134.74 * 0.875*0.875/2+82.73*0.875*0.5*2/3+713.43*0.875*0.875 /2
=338.77KNm
So, the design moment is Md = 339.5KNm
Reinforcing bar determination, using steel 20
Km=√(Md/b) and As= Ks *Msd and b=1.00m ( per meter width)

d d
Where Ks is read from EBCS-2 part-II, 1995 table-1a
Km=√ (339.5/1.00) /0.85

=21.7 for which Ks=4.00
and As= Ks *Msd =4.00*339.5/.85
d

As =1598mm2 = 6 steel bars
a b 314 * 1000
Spacing, s = s* S =196.5mm
As 1598
   20mm
S so use 20 C/C 190mm
 2 * d  850 * 2  1700mm
Reinforcement provisions
o For As<As,min ;As=As,min distribute the bars uniformly.
o For As>As,min; compute PB;
2
PB  Apply this percentage of steel in zone B
a 1
b
PA=1-PB percentage of steel in zone A
a
Since a = b; PA=PB;, there is no zoning of reinforcements.
Provide uniform reinforcemet in both directions.
5.4.3 Development Z olength

neA ZoneB ZoneA b
f yd 20 * 260.87
Ld    1019mm
Kf ctd 4 (*a1.-28
b )/ 2
b (a - b )/ 2
Ld,av=875-50=825mm, Ld,req>Ld,av hence bend the bars at the corner.

Conclusion and recommendation

Sap 2000 results for selected axes

A) for columns on the selected axis
LOAD COMBINATION MULTIPLIERS
COMBO
COMBO TYPE CASE FACTOR LOAD TYPE TITLE
COMB1 ADD VERTICAL 1 STATIC(DEAD) COMB1
COMB1 ADD HPX 0 STATIC(QUAKE) COMB1
COMB1 ADD HPY 0 STATIC(QUAKE) COMB1
COMB2 ADD VERTICAL 0.75 STATIC(DEAD) COMB2
COMB4 ADD HPX -1 STATIC(QUAKE) COMB4
COMB5 ADD HPY -1 STATIC(QUAKE) COMB5
FRAME ELEMENT FORCES

FRAME LOAD LOC P V2 V3 T M2 M3
-
109 COMB1 0 4686.61 -2.140495 5.175736 2.16E-02 2.286316 -3.60057
-
109 COMB1 1 4681.31 -2.140495 5.175736 2.16E-02 -2.88942 -1.46008
-
109 COMB1 2 4676.01 -2.140495 5.175736 2.16E-02 -8.06516 0.680415
-
109 COMB2 0 3512.07 88.54024 4.490137 1.083142 3.032294 151.276
-
109 COMB2 1 3508.09 88.54024 4.490137 1.083142 -1.45784 62.7358
-
109 COMB2 2 3504.12 88.54024 4.490137 1.083142 -5.94798 -25.8044
-
109 COMB3 0 3333.76 -1.692964 67.33003 1.237754 115.8598 -2.97424
-
109 COMB3 1 3329.78 -1.692964 67.33003 1.237754 48.52974 -1.28128
109 COMB3 2 -3325.8 -1.692964 67.33003 1.237754 -18.8003 0.411684

-
109 COMB4 0 3517.85 -91.75098 3.273467 -1.05078 0.39718 -156.677
-
109 COMB4 1 3513.88 -91.75098 3.273467 -1.05078 -2.87629 -64.9259
109 COMB4 2 -3509.9 -91.75098 3.273467 -1.05078 -6.14975 26.82507

-
109 COMB5 0 3696.16 -1.517778 -59.5664 -1.20539 -112.43 -2.42662
109 COMB5 1 -3692.19 -1.517778 -59.5664 -1.20539 -52.8639 -0.90884
109 COMB5 2 -3688.21 -1.517778 -59.5664 -1.20539 6.702551 0.608938
110 COMB1 0 -4628.29 -2.874182 3.201618 0.218044 2.330593 -9.40649
110 COMB1 3 -4614.41 -2.874182 3.201618 0.218044 -7.27426 -0.78394
110 COMB1 6 -4600.53 -2.874182 3.201618 0.218044 -16.8791 7.838605
110 COMB2 0 -3476.17 54.69037 3.33663 -0.59156 5.2313 195.5844
110 COMB2 3 -3465.76 54.69037 3.33663 -0.59156 -4.77859 31.51334
110 COMB2 6 -3455.35 54.69037 3.33663 -0.59156 -14.7885 -132.558
110 COMB3 0 -3305.93 -2.252531 70.62159 0.375985 244.3846 -7.55948
110 COMB3 3 -3295.52 -2.252531 70.62159 0.375985 32.51983 -0.80189
110 COMB3 6 -3285.11 -2.252531 70.62159 0.375985 -179.345 5.955707
110 COMB4 0 -3466.26 -59.00164 1.465797 0.918629 -1.73541 -209.694
110 COMB4 3 -3455.85 -59.00164 1.465797 0.918629 -6.1328 -32.6893
110 COMB4 6 -3445.44 -59.00164 1.465797 0.918629 -10.5302 144.3157
110 COMB5 0 -3636.5 -2.058743 -65.8192 -4.89E-02 -240.889 -6.55026
110 COMB5 3 -3626.09 -2.058743 -65.8192 -4.89E-02 -43.4312 -0.37403
110 COMB5 6 -3615.68 -2.058743 -65.8192 -4.89E-02 154.0263 5.8022
112 COMB1 0 -4140.48 -1.798662 26.51266 -6.48E-02 34.79985 -3.62835
112 COMB1 1.5 -4135.53 -1.798662 26.51266 -6.48E-02 -4.96913 -0.93035
112 COMB1 3 -4130.59 -1.798662 26.51266 -6.48E-02 -44.7381 1.767639
112 COMB2 0 -3114.02 96.14928 22.0355 -0.44282 29.47306 144.8696
112 COMB2 1.5 -3110.31 96.14928 22.0355 -0.44282 -3.58019 0.645635

112 COMB2 3 -3106.6 96.14928 22.0355 -0.44282 -36.6335 -143.578
112 COMB3 0 -2970.59 -2.158519 150.5536 1.594374 223.7237 -4.00741
112 COMB3 1.5 -2966.88 -2.158519 150.5536 1.594374 -2.10673 -0.76963
112 COMB3 3 -2963.17 -2.158519 150.5536 1.594374 -227.937 2.468149
112 COMB4 0 -3096.7 -98.84728 17.73349 0.345558 22.72672 -150.312
112 COMB4 1.5 -3092.99 -98.84728 17.73349 0.345558 -3.87351 -2.04117
112 COMB4 3 -3089.28 -98.84728 17.73349 0.345558 -30.4737 146.2298
112 COMB5 0 -3240.13 -0.5394731 -110.785 -1.69164 -171.524 -1.43511
112 COMB5 1.5 -3236.42 -0.5394731 -110.785 -1.69164 -5.34697 -0.6259
112 COMB5 3 -3232.71 -0.5394731 -110.785 -1.69164 160.83 0.183309
113 COMB1 0 -3363.57 -2.137234 40.49068 9.10E-03 60.34201 -2.75925
113 COMB1 1.5 -3358.63 -2.137234 40.49068 9.10E-03 -0.39401 0.446606
113 COMB1 3 -3353.68 -2.137234 40.49068 9.10E-03 -61.13 3.652457
113 COMB2 0 -2526.33 93.60765 32.7714 -0.74641 49.25657 153.8601
113 COMB2 1.5 -2522.62 93.60765 32.7714 -0.74641 9.95E-02 13.4486
113 COMB2 3 -2518.91 93.60765 32.7714 -0.74641 -49.0577 -126.963
113 COMB3 0 -2429.18 -1.939427 166.1104 1.692223 266.7087 -2.5573
113 COMB3 1.5 -2425.47 -1.939427 166.1104 1.692223 17.54308 0.351841
113 COMB3 3 -2421.75 -1.939427 166.1104 1.692223 -231.623 3.260981
113 COMB4 0 -2519.03 -96.81351 27.96461 0.760054 41.25645 -157.999
113 COMB4 1.5 -2515.32 -96.81351 27.96461 0.760054 -0.69048 -12.7787
113 COMB4 3 -2511.61 -96.81351 27.96461 0.760054 -42.6374 132.4416
113 COMB5 0 -2616.18 -1.266425 -105.374 -1.67858 -176.196 -1.58157
113 COMB5 1.5 -2612.47 -1.266425 -105.374 -1.67858 -18.1341 0.318068
113 COMB5 3 -2608.76 -1.266425 -105.374 -1.67858 139.9275 2.217705
114 COMB1 0 -2528.15 -0.9201338 50.15692 -9.66E-03 69.49894 -1.51283
114 COMB1 1.5 -2523.2 -0.9201338 50.15692 -9.66E-03 -5.73644 -0.13263
114 COMB1 3 -2518.25 -0.9201338 50.15692 -9.66E-03 -80.9718 1.247571
114 COMB2 0 -1898.87 79.60029 39.85416 -1.03697 55.33154 111.5015

114 COMB2 1.5 -1895.16 79.60029 39.85416 -1.03697 -4.44971 -7.89896
114 COMB2 3 -1891.45 79.60029 39.85416 -1.03697 -64.231 -127.299
114 COMB3 0 -1837.43 -0.8763787 158.8766 2.117972 221.3313 -1.39758
114 COMB3 1.5 -1833.72 -0.8763787 158.8766 2.117972 -16.9836 -8.30E-02
114 COMB3 3 -1830.01 -0.8763787 158.8766 2.117972 -255.299 1.231553
114 COMB4 0 -1893.35 -80.98049 35.38122 1.022483 48.91687 -113.771
114 COMB4 1.5 -1889.64 -80.98049 35.38122 1.022483 -4.15495 7.700017
114 COMB4 3 -1885.93 -80.98049 35.38122 1.022483 -57.2268 129.1708
114 COMB5 0 -1954.79 -0.503822 -83.6412 -2.13246 -117.083 -0.87166
114 COMB5 1.5 -1951.08 -0.503822 -83.6412 -2.13246 8.378952 -0.11593
114 COMB5 3 -1947.36 -0.503822 -83.6412 -2.13246 133.8408 0.639804
115 COMB1 0 -1684.55 -0.6564836 29.15783 3.34E-02 38.69833 -1.12123
115 COMB1 1.5 -1681.9 -0.6564836 29.15783 3.34E-02 -5.03842 -0.1365
115 COMB1 3 -1679.25 -0.6564836 29.15783 3.34E-02 -48.7752 0.848222
115 COMB2 0 -1263.61 58.43499 23.30515 -0.80643 31.23643 90.89462
115 COMB2 1.5 -1261.62 58.43499 23.30515 -0.80643 -3.7213 3.242129
115 COMB2 3 -1259.63 58.43499 23.30515 -0.80643 -38.679 -84.4104
115 COMB3 0 -1233.41 -0.6978456 92.06669 1.790697 135.5141 -1.18083
115 COMB3 1.5 -1231.42 -0.6978456 92.06669 1.790697 -2.58589 -0.13406
115 COMB3 3 -1229.43 -0.6978456 92.06669 1.790697 -140.686 0.912711
115 COMB4 0 -1263.22 -59.41971 20.4316 0.85646 26.81106 -92.5765
115 COMB4 1.5 -1261.23 -59.41971 20.4316 0.85646 -3.83633 -3.44688
115 COMB4 3 -1259.24 -59.41971 20.4316 0.85646 -34.4837 85.68269
115 COMB5 0 -1293.42 -0.2868798 -48.3299 -1.74067 -77.4666 -0.50102
115 COMB5 1.5 -1291.43 -0.2868798 -48.3299 -1.74067 -4.97174 -7.07E-02
115 COMB5 3 -1289.44 -0.2868798 -48.3299 -1.74067 67.52316 0.359623
116 COMB1 0 -831.98 2.45706 40.27287 -4.50E-02 60.50126 3.20651
116 COMB1 1.5 -829.329 2.45706 40.27287 -4.50E-02 9.20E-02 -0.47908
116 COMB1 3 -826.679 2.45706 40.27287 -4.50E-02 -60.3173 -4.16467

116 COMB2 0 -622.302 41.48339 31.31137 -0.63758 46.93663 54.99307
116 COMB2 1.5 -620.314 41.48339 31.31137 -0.63758 -3.04E-02 -7.23202
116 COMB2 3 -618.326 41.48339 31.31137 -0.63758 -46.9975 -69.4571
116 COMB3 0 -610.779 1.717378 81.00648 2.070065 116.5516 2.24741
116 COMB3 1.5 -608.791 1.717378 81.00648 2.070065 -4.9581 -0.32866
116 COMB3 3 -606.803 1.717378 81.00648 2.070065 -126.468 -2.90473
116 COMB4 0 -625.668 -37.7978 29.09792 0.570097 43.81525 -50.1833
116 COMB4 1.5 -623.68 -37.7978 29.09792 0.570097 0.168373 6.513404
116 COMB4 3 -621.692 -37.7978 29.09792 0.570097 -43.4785 63.21011
116 COMB5 0 -637.191 1.968211 -20.5972 -2.13755 -25.7997 2.562355
116 COMB5 1.5 -635.203 1.968211 -20.5972 -2.13755 5.096039 -0.38996
116 COMB5 3 -633.215 1.968211 -20.5972 -2.13755 35.99182 -3.34228
117 COMB1 0 -92.4498 -1.373157 14.95719 -0.10888 32.19745 -1.0619
117 COMB1 1.5 -89.7991 -1.373157 14.95719 -0.10888 9.761655 0.997833
117 COMB1 3 -87.1485 -1.373157 14.95719 -0.10888 -12.6741 3.057568
117 COMB2 0 -66.8151 22.20233 11.81783 0.285902 24.9017 24.70395
117 COMB2 1.5 -64.8271 22.20233 11.81783 0.285902 7.174947 -8.59955
117 COMB2 3 -62.8391 22.20233 11.81783 0.285902 -10.5518 -41.9031
117 COMB3 0 -66.3854 -1.094417 37.18757 1.706004 56.78522 -0.83499
117 COMB3 1.5 -64.3974 -1.094417 37.18757 1.706004 1.00387 0.806635
117 COMB3 3 -62.4094 -1.094417 37.18757 1.706004 -54.7775 2.44826
117 COMB4 0 -71.8596 -24.26207 10.61796 -0.44922 23.39447 -26.2968
117 COMB4 1.5 -69.8716 -24.26207 10.61796 -0.44922 7.467535 10.0963
117 COMB4 3 -67.8836 -24.26207 10.61796 -0.44922 -8.4594 46.4894
117 COMB5 0 -72.2893 -0.9653181 -14.7518 -1.86933 -8.48905 -0.75786
117 COMB5 1.5 -70.3013 -0.9653181 -14.7518 -1.86933 13.63861 0.690115
117 COMB5 3 -68.3133 -0.9653181 -14.7518 -1.86933 35.76627 2.138092

B) for beams on selected axis
LOAD COMBINATION MULTIPLIERS

COMBO
COMBO TYPE CASE FACTOR LOAD TYPE TITLE
COMB1 ADD VERTICAL 1 STATIC(DEAD) COMB1
COMB4 ADD HPX -1 STATIC(QUAKE) COMB4
COMB5 ADD HPY -1 STATIC(QUAKE) COMB5
FRAME ELEMENT FORCES

FRAME LOAD LOC P V2 V3 T M2 M3
552 COMB1 0 0.15 -0.50 6.43 1.85 12.83 1.72
552 COMB1 1 0.15 2.33 6.43 1.85 6.40 0.80
552 COMB1 2 0.15 5.16 6.43 1.85 -0.03 -2.94
552 COMB1 3 0.15 7.99 6.43 1.85 -6.47 -9.52
552 COMB1 4 0.15 10.81 6.43 1.85 -12.90 -18.92
552 COMB2 0 -33.16 46.52 15.84 0.86 33.59 57.34
552 COMB2 1 -33.16 48.64 15.84 0.86 17.75 9.76
552 COMB2 2 -33.16 50.76 15.84 0.86 1.91 -39.95
552 COMB2 3 -33.16 52.88 15.84 0.86 -13.93 -91.77
552 COMB2 4 -33.16 55.00 15.84 0.86 -29.77 -145.71

552 COMB3 0 -2.77 -3.38 -20.71 -13.79 -41.02 -3.30
552 COMB3 1 -2.77 -1.26 -20.71 -13.79 -20.30 -0.98
552 COMB3 2 -2.77 0.87 -20.71 -13.79 0.41 -0.79
552 COMB3 3 -2.77 2.99 -20.71 -13.79 21.12 -2.71
552 COMB3 4 -2.77 5.11 -20.71 -13.79 41.83 -6.76
552 COMB4 0 33.38 -47.27 -6.19 1.91 -14.34 -54.76
552 COMB4 1 33.38 -45.15 -6.19 1.91 -8.15 -8.56
552 COMB4 2 33.38 -43.03 -6.19 1.91 -1.96 35.53
552 COMB4 3 33.38 -40.91 -6.19 1.91 4.23 77.50
552 COMB4 4 33.38 -38.78 -6.19 1.91 10.42 117.34
552 COMB5 0 2.99 2.63 30.36 16.57 60.26 5.87
552 COMB5 1 2.99 4.75 30.36 16.57 29.90 2.18
552 COMB5 2 2.99 6.87 30.36 16.57 -0.46 -3.63
552 COMB5 3 2.99 8.99 30.36 16.57 -30.82 -11.56
552 COMB5 4 2.99 11.11 30.36 16.57 -61.18 -21.62
561 COMB1 0 36.28 -169.86 0.76 0.12 1.68 -160.42
561 COMB1 1.5 36.28 -84.24 0.76 0.12 0.53 30.16
561 COMB1 3 36.28 1.37 0.76 0.12 -0.61 92.32
561 COMB1 4.5 36.28 86.99 0.76 0.12 -1.75 26.05
561 COMB1 6 36.28 172.60 0.76 0.12 -2.90 -168.65
561 COMB2 0 -7.69 -81.75 5.13 0.31 14.74 16.12
561 COMB2 1.5 -7.69 -17.53 5.13 0.31 7.04 90.58
561 COMB2 3 -7.69 46.68 5.13 0.31 -0.66 68.72
561 COMB2 4.5 -7.69 110.89 5.13 0.31 -8.36 -49.46
561 COMB2 6 -7.69 175.10 5.13 0.31 -16.06 -263.95
561 COMB3 0 23.35 -128.06 -1.38 -1.00 -2.02 -122.04
561 COMB3 1.5 23.35 -63.84 -1.38 -1.00 0.04 21.88
561 COMB3 3 23.35 0.37 -1.38 -1.00 2.10 69.49
561 COMB3 4.5 23.35 64.58 -1.38 -1.00 4.17 20.78
561 COMB3 6 23.35 128.79 -1.38 -1.00 6.23 -124.25
561 COMB4 0 62.12 -173.05 -3.99 -0.12 -12.22 -256.75
561 COMB4 1.5 62.12 -108.83 -3.99 -0.12 -6.24 -45.34
561 COMB4 3 62.12 -44.62 -3.99 -0.12 -0.26 69.75
561 COMB4 4.5 62.12 19.59 -3.99 -0.12 5.72 88.53
561 COMB4 6 62.12 83.80 -3.99 -0.12 11.71 10.98
561 COMB5 0 31.08 -126.73 2.52 1.18 4.54 -118.58
561 COMB5 1.5 31.08 -62.52 2.52 1.18 0.76 23.36
561 COMB5 3 31.08 1.69 2.52 1.18 -3.02 68.99
561 COMB5 4.5 31.08 65.90 2.52 1.18 -6.80 18.29
561 COMB5 6 31.08 130.11 2.52 1.18 -10.58 -128.72
570 COMB1 0 36.42 -178.89 -0.39 0.01 -1.43 -177.27
570 COMB1 1.5 36.42 -90.28 -0.39 0.01 -0.85 24.60
570 COMB1 3 36.42 -1.66 -0.39 0.01 -0.26 93.56
570 COMB1 4.5 36.42 86.96 -0.39 0.01 0.32 29.59
570 COMB1 6 36.42 175.57 -0.39 0.01 0.91 -167.31
570 COMB2 0 -41.83 -84.76 4.41 0.10 13.28 12.73
570 COMB2 1.5 -41.83 -18.30 4.41 0.10 6.65 90.02
570 COMB2 3 -41.83 48.17 4.41 0.10 0.03 67.61
570 COMB2 4.5 -41.83 114.63 4.41 0.10 -6.59 -54.48
570 COMB2 6 -41.83 181.09 4.41 0.10 -13.21 -276.27
570 COMB3 0 28.86 -134.99 4.82 0.27 14.06 -135.39
570 COMB3 1.5 28.86 -68.53 4.82 0.27 6.83 17.25
570 COMB3 3 28.86 -2.07 4.82 0.27 -0.39 70.21
570 COMB3 4.5 28.86 64.39 4.82 0.27 -7.62 23.46
570 COMB3 6 28.86 130.85 4.82 0.27 -14.85 -122.97
570 COMB4 0 96.45 -183.58 -5.00 -0.09 -15.42 -278.64
570 COMB4 1.5 96.45 -117.12 -5.00 -0.09 -7.93 -53.11
570 COMB4 3 96.45 -50.66 -5.00 -0.09 -0.43 72.72
570 COMB4 4.5 96.45 15.80 -5.00 -0.09 7.07 98.86
570 COMB4 6 96.45 82.27 -5.00 -0.09 14.57 25.31
570 COMB5 0 25.77 -133.35 -5.40 -0.26 -16.21 -130.52
570 COMB5 1.5 25.77 -66.88 -5.40 -0.26 -8.11 19.65
570 COMB5 3 25.77 -0.42 -5.40 -0.26 0.00 70.13
570 COMB5 4.5 25.77 66.04 -5.40 -0.26 8.11 20.91
570 COMB5 6 25.77 132.50 -5.40 -0.26 16.21 -127.99
579 COMB1 0 27.11 -10.08 -0.83 -0.19 -1.95 -23.25
579 COMB1 1.5 27.11 -5.84 -0.83 -0.19 -0.72 -11.31
579 COMB1 3 27.11 -1.60 -0.83 -0.19 0.52 -5.73
579 COMB1 4.5 27.11 2.64 -0.83 -0.19 1.76 -6.51
579 COMB1 6 27.11 6.88 -0.83 -0.19 3.00 -13.66
579 COMB2 0 -49.61 43.70 4.46 0.13 13.55 136.84
579 COMB2 1.5 -49.61 46.88 4.46 0.13 6.86 68.91
579 COMB2 3 -49.61 50.06 4.46 0.13 0.16 -3.79
579 COMB2 4.5 -49.61 53.24 4.46 0.13 -6.53 -81.26
579 COMB2 6 -49.61 56.42 4.46 0.13 -13.23 -163.50
579 COMB3 0 28.35 -8.60 -4.26 -2.08 -12.12 -20.61
579 COMB3 1.5 28.35 -5.42 -4.26 -2.08 -5.73 -10.10
579 COMB3 3 28.35 -2.24 -4.26 -2.08 0.65 -4.36
579 COMB3 4.5 28.35 0.94 -4.26 -2.08 7.04 -3.39
579 COMB3 6 28.35 4.12 -4.26 -2.08 13.43 -7.19
579 COMB4 0 90.28 -58.82 -5.70 -0.41 -16.48 -171.72
579 COMB4 1.5 90.28 -55.64 -5.70 -0.41 -7.93 -85.88
579 COMB4 3 90.28 -52.46 -5.70 -0.41 0.62 -4.81
579 COMB4 4.5 90.28 -49.28 -5.70 -0.41 9.17 71.49
579 COMB4 6 90.28 -46.09 -5.70 -0.41 17.72 143.01
579 COMB5 0 12.32 -6.52 3.02 1.80 9.19 -14.26
579 COMB5 1.5 12.32 -3.34 3.02 1.80 4.66 -6.87
579 COMB5 3 12.32 -0.16 3.02 1.80 0.13 -4.24
579 COMB5 4.5 12.32 3.02 3.02 1.80 -4.40 -6.38
579 COMB5 6 12.32 6.20 3.02 1.80 -8.93 -13.29
588 COMB1 0 32.44 -178.65 0.17 0.56 0.62 -176.26
588 COMB1 1.5 32.44 -90.03 0.17 0.56 0.36 25.25
588 COMB1 3 32.44 -1.42 0.17 0.56 0.10 93.84
588 COMB1 4.5 32.44 87.20 0.17 0.56 -0.16 29.50
588 COMB1 6 32.44 175.82 0.17 0.56 -0.43 -167.76
588 COMB2 0 -44.44 -85.55 4.91 0.42 14.32 15.62
588 COMB2 1.5 -44.44 -19.08 4.91 0.42 6.95 94.09
588 COMB2 3 -44.44 47.38 4.91 0.42 -0.42 72.87
588 COMB2 4.5 -44.44 113.84 4.91 0.42 -7.79 -48.05
588 COMB2 6 -44.44 180.30 4.91 0.42 -15.15 -268.65
588 COMB3 0 30.54 -134.73 -0.57 1.47 -0.35 -134.44
588 COMB3 1.5 30.54 -68.27 -0.57 1.47 0.51 17.81
588 COMB3 3 30.54 -1.81 -0.57 1.47 1.36 70.37
588 COMB3 4.5 30.54 64.66 -0.57 1.47 2.22 23.23
588 COMB3 6 30.54 131.12 -0.57 1.47 3.07 -123.60
588 COMB4 0 93.11 -182.43 -4.65 0.43 -13.39 -280.01
588 COMB4 1.5 93.11 -115.97 -4.65 0.43 -6.41 -56.22
588 COMB4 3 93.11 -49.50 -4.65 0.43 0.56 67.89
588 COMB4 4.5 93.11 16.96 -4.65 0.43 7.54 92.29
588 COMB4 6 93.11 83.42 -4.65 0.43 14.51 17.01
588 COMB5 0 18.12 -133.24 0.83 -0.62 1.28 -129.95
588 COMB5 1.5 18.12 -66.78 0.83 -0.62 0.03 20.06
588 COMB5 3 18.12 -0.32 0.83 -0.62 -1.22 70.38
588 COMB5 4.5 18.12 66.14 0.83 -0.62 -2.47 21.01
588 COMB5 6 18.12 132.61 0.83 -0.62 -3.71 -128.05
597 COMB1 0 30.27 -174.31 -0.36 -0.77 -1.22 -176.09
597 COMB1 1.5 30.27 -88.70 -0.36 -0.77 -0.68 21.17
597 COMB1 3 30.27 -3.08 -0.36 -0.77 -0.13 90.00
597 COMB1 4.5 30.27 82.54 -0.36 -0.77 0.42 30.41
597 COMB1 6 30.27 168.15 -0.36 -0.77 0.96 -157.61
597 COMB2 0 -81.18 -82.22 4.94 -0.64 15.17 12.71
597 COMB2 1.5 -81.18 -18.00 4.94 -0.64 7.76 87.87
597 COMB2 3 -81.18 46.21 4.94 -0.64 0.35 66.72
597 COMB2 4.5 -81.18 110.42 4.94 -0.64 -7.05 -50.75
597 COMB2 6 -81.18 174.63 4.94 -0.64 -14.46 -264.54
597 COMB3 0 28.26 -131.35 4.62 -0.36 13.82 -133.87
597 COMB3 1.5 28.26 -67.13 4.62 -0.36 6.88 14.99
597 COMB3 3 28.26 -2.92 4.62 -0.36 -0.05 67.53
597 COMB3 4.5 28.26 61.29 4.62 -0.36 -6.99 23.75
597 COMB3 6 28.26 125.50 4.62 -0.36 -13.92 -116.34
597 COMB4 0 126.59 -179.25 -5.48 -0.51 -17.00 -276.85
597 COMB4 1.5 126.59 -115.04 -5.48 -0.51 -8.77 -56.12
597 COMB4 3 126.59 -50.83 -5.48 -0.51 -0.55 68.28
597 COMB4 4.5 126.59 13.38 -5.48 -0.51 7.68 96.36
597 COMB4 6 126.59 77.59 -5.48 -0.51 15.91 28.13
597 COMB5 0 17.15 -130.12 -5.17 -0.79 -15.65 -130.26
597 COMB5 1.5 17.15 -65.91 -5.17 -0.79 -7.90 16.76
597 COMB5 3 17.15 -1.70 -5.17 -0.79 -0.14 67.47
597 COMB5 4.5 17.15 62.51 -5.17 -0.79 7.61 21.86
597 COMB5 6 17.15 126.73 -5.17 -0.79 15.37 -120.07
606 COMB1 0 15.63 -65.91 -0.83 -0.25 -1.16 -40.12
606 COMB1 0.75 15.63 -34.22 -0.83 -0.25 -0.54 -2.57
606 COMB1 1.5 15.63 -2.53 -0.83 -0.25 0.08 11.21
606 COMB1 2.25 15.63 29.15 -0.83 -0.25 0.70 1.23
606 COMB1 3 15.63 60.84 -0.83 -0.25 1.32 -32.51
606 COMB2 0 -38.94 112.25 12.36 0.41 17.69 205.72
606 COMB2 0.75 -38.94 136.01 12.36 0.41 8.42 112.62
606 COMB2 1.5 -38.94 159.78 12.36 0.41 -0.85 1.70
606 COMB2 2.25 -38.94 183.54 12.36 0.41 -10.13 -127.04
606 COMB2 3 -38.94 207.30 12.36 0.41 -19.40 -273.61
606 COMB3 0 15.05 -51.99 0.80 0.14 0.34 -33.85
606 COMB3 0.75 15.05 -28.23 0.80 0.14 -0.25 -3.76
606 COMB3 1.5 15.05 -4.46 0.80 0.14 -0.85 8.49
606 COMB3 2.25 15.05 19.30 0.80 0.14 -1.44 2.93
606 COMB3 3 15.05 43.06 0.80 0.14 -2.04 -20.45
606 COMB4 0 62.38 -211.10 -13.60 -0.79 -19.43 -265.89
606 COMB4 0.75 62.38 -187.34 -13.60 -0.79 -9.23 -116.47
606 COMB4 1.5 62.38 -163.58 -13.60 -0.79 0.97 15.12
606 COMB4 2.25 62.38 -139.81 -13.60 -0.79 11.18 128.89
606 COMB4 3 62.38 -116.05 -13.60 -0.79 21.38 224.84
606 COMB5 0 8.39 -46.87 -2.04 -0.52 -2.09 -26.33
606 COMB5 0.75 8.39 -23.10 -2.04 -0.52 -0.56 -0.09
606 COMB5 1.5 8.39 0.66 -2.04 -0.52 0.97 8.33
606 COMB5 2.25 8.39 24.43 -2.04 -0.52 2.49 -1.08
606 COMB5 3 8.39 48.19 -2.04 -0.52 4.02 -28.32

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Structural design of a G+6 building @ Mekelle as senior project

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 ii

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 iii

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 i

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 ii

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 1

1.1 Roof analysis and design

 Terrain factor, KT = 0.24

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 2

Fig-1 wind direction @ θ=00

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 3

1.20 Wind pressure

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 4

Ce(Z)=Cr2(Z) Ct2(Z)[1+7kT/ (Cr(Z) Ct(Z))]

Therefore, Cr(Z)=KTln (Z/Z0) =0.78

Dividing the roof into zones

e = b or 2h (which ever is greater)

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 5

Case I when Zones F, G, H subjected to suction

We = .2275*1.92*Cpe(ze) = 0.44Cpe KN/m2

1.2.2 Internal wind pressures

Case II) when zones F,G,H are subjected to pressure

B. wind parallel to the ridge (θ=900)

Area 4.06 3.9 31.25 42.20

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 7

Dividing the roof into zones

1.5m 4.75m 1.5m 4.75m

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 8

B. Wind direction parallel to the ridge

For e=b or 2h where b=12.5m and h=25.7m

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 9

Area 3.90 3.9 31.25 54.69

1.3 Transfer of wind loads to purlins

 Self weight of purlin = unit weight * cross sectional area of purlin

1.3.1 Load combinations

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 10

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 11

1.4.1 Design actions

1.4.2 Sectional properties

Zy = b*h2/6 = 50*702/6 = 40.83*103mm3γ

A. check for deflection

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 12

B. check for deflection

C. check for shear

D. check for bearing (compression perpendicular to grain)

f c,90,d = Kls*Kmod*fc,90,k/ γm =1.1*0.6*5.7/1.3 = 2.894 N/mm2

l1= 1400>150, a = 0<100

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 13

E. check for lateral deflection

1.5 Truss analysis and design

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 14

Load designation Weight (KN)

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 15

1.5.2 Truss analysis

A. Down ward action

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 16

1.5.3 Analysis results

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 17

1.6 Design of truss members

Trial section of rafter, diameter = 10 cm

σt,o,d =19.38 *103/(5026.55 = 3.86<<18 N/mm2 OK

Mekelle university department of civil engineering May 18,2006 18

We = .22751.92Cpe(ze) = 0.44Cpe KN/m2

Zy = bh2/6 = 50702/6 = 40.83*103mm3γ

f c,90,d = KlsKmodfc,90,k/ γm =1.10.65.7/1.3 = 2.894 N/mm2

 Cr(z) = KTln(Zmin/ Zo)n = 0.24ln(16/1) = 0.665