9A Biomolecules Name:

Class Period:

OBJECTIVE Key Points:

I will analyze the 1. The process of building a polymer is called Dehydration Synthesis.
building and 2. The process of breaking down a polymer is called Hydrolysis.
break down of 3. The 4 Major biomolecules/macromolecules are: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and
Macromolecules Nucleic Acids

Inorganic Vs. Organic

 Inorganic molecules _____________ contain ________________.
What is the  Organic molecules ______________ contain ___________________.
difference between
inorganic and
 Organic molecules are more complex structures containing carbon atoms arranged in
organic molecules? _________________________________________

Biochemistry
 Biochemistry is the ________________________________________
 Biochemistry is closely linked to organic chemistry.

Macromolecules
 Macromolecules (macro = large) are very large _______________________ molecules.
 Four important kinds of macromolecules: 1. ______________________ 2. _______
What is a 3. ______________________ 4. __________________________.
monomer?
Polymers
 Polymers are combinations of many smaller, similar building blocks called
___________________ (mono = single) _________________________.
 Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are all ___________________________.
What comes out of  The monomers in a polymer are usually combined by a __________________________.
the dehydration
synthesis reaction? Dehydration Synthesis
 Dehydration synthesis (de = remove; Hydro = water; Synthesis = combine) involves
combining two molecules through the ________________________________________
 This reaction occurs when two functional groups (smaller molecules) come close
enough to have an –OH removed from one and an –H removed from the other.
 Water babies!!!!
 These are combined to form a _______________________ and the remaining two
segments are combined to form a ________________________________

Hydrolysis
 The reverse of a dehydration synthesis reaction is known as ____________________
(hydro = water; lyse = to split or break).
 Hydrolysis is the process of ______________ s larger organic molecule into two or more
parts by ________________________________.
9A Biomolecules Name:
Class Period:

What is the
function of
carbohydrates?
Levels Of Chemical Organization
Atoms  molecules  _____________ (small building blocks)  _______________
(macromolecules)  ________________________________________________

Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms linked together to
form monomers called simple sugars or ________________________ (mono = single;
Saccharine = sweet, sugar).
Is Glucose a
monomer or a  contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (__________) in the ratio of ___________
polymer? (C6H12O6)

Carbohydrate Use In Living Cells

 _______________________________ source of energy.
 Provide __________ to certain cells (I.E. __________________________ in plant walls).

Simple Sugars
 Simple sugars such as glucose, galactose, and fructose provide
______________________ energy in the human body.
 The ending –____________ indicates a sugar.

Glucose
 Glucose is called ________________ in the human
bloodstream.
 It is found in the sap of plants.
 It is the most _______________ carbohydrate.
 It is a ______________________________ for other carbohydrates.

Complex Carbohydrates
 Complex carbohydrates are formed when simple
sugars are combined.
 ____________________ – two simple
sugars bonded together.
 ___________________ – three simple sugars
bonded together.
 ________________________ – more than three
simple sugars bonded together
Examples:
 ______________ (form of ___________ storage in plants)
 ______________ (form of energy storage in _____________)
 ______________ (provides ________________ for plants; not digestible by humans)
 ______________ (found in ______________ & in the ____________ of insects and
arthropods)
9A Biomolecules Name:
Class Period:

Proteins
 ___________________ monomers join to form the
______________ know as protein.
 There are about 20 different amino acids
 _______________________ combines two amino
What reaction is acids to form a ________________.
used to create a  This bonding forms a ______________________.
protein?
 Elements: contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen &
nitrogen (______________________)
 Function: promote _________________ in your body (enzymes), provide
What reaction is
___________________ (muscles, collagen, cartilage, hair, nails)
used to
breakdown a  Monomer: _______________
protein?  Common food sources: meat, legumes, nuts, vegetables (very small amount)

Denatured Proteins
 Energy in the form of heat or light can ___________________ higher levels of protein
structure by breaking hydrogen bonds within the molecule. The protein is then said to
be _________________________.
 Brown bottles and refrigeration protect some medications such as insulin from
becoming denatured.

What reaction is
used to create a
nucleic acid?

Nucleic Acids
 _______________ are complex organic _________________ that store and transfer
______________________ within the cell.
 Two types:
 Deoxyribonucleic acid (_________).
 Ribonucleic acid (_________).
What reaction is  Nucleic acids are constructed of ________________ known as ____________________
used to  Elements: contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, nitrogen & phosphorous
breakdown a (_______________________________)
nucleic acid? Three parts of a nucleotide:
1. A 5-carbon simple _____________ molecule (either deoxyribose or ribose).
2. A __________________ group.
3. A ___________________ base.
9A Biomolecules Name:
Class Period:

Lipids
 Composed of ______________ and _____________________
 Types of lipids:
Monomer of lipids:
Phospholipids (component of cell membranes)
Steroids (some hormones)

 Elements: contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (_____________________)

 Function: _________________ energy storage, makes up ________________, makes up
our hormones, _______________ and protects organs
 Monomer: a typical fat contains ______________________
 Characteristics: ____________ soluble in water, saturated fats are ____________ at
room temperature, unsaturated fats are ____________ (oils) at room temperature
 Examples: fats, oils, ___________________, steroids (ie cholesterol), _____________