1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Technological dependence is clearly seen when we look around and realize

that we are surrounded by technological advances ranging from mobile phones,
computers, iPod, and television; that have become part of our common lives causing
us in certain dependence. Technological development has grown at considerable
speed and the consequences on society, countries and individuals are enormous.
Technological development has a unique course we cannot alter, nor stop; it defines
our lives. It can be seen that the technologies have a great potential to enhance and
change the education system, which can break the prevailing cultural patterns so
that technology does not bring so many prejudices and steers away from becoming
dependent.

“When schools in different parts of the state, country or world connect,

students can “meet” their counterparts through video conferencing without leaving
the classroom.” - William McCoy.

According to him, there is no abuse of technology rather this is the current key
of teaching so children and youth should be therefore more exposed to the media.
As a source of information the Internet provides immediate access to almost all
knowledge collected by mankind in the history of civilization. In times where
knowledge is power, access to the Internet puts a person in complete advantage
over those who do not. With the internet a person can read the latest news on
different topics, obtain information on employment opportunities, find out the latest
fashion trends, and learn from the written responses of millions of people in
specialized forums and blogs. The downside is that many people infringe copyright
because they are tempted by so much information and end up copying and pasting
text and then present them as their own. This promotes laziness and dishonesty.

Everything is terribly fast and in a twinkling of an eye everything changes. So

life is bearable and become as easy as it is. The modern world takes us to some
activities which we may neither like nor dislike. Technology doesn't limit its use to
higher class people because even the least of the community tries to find a way just
to connect with the world and can probably know the details of some things
happening around the world. With the presence of internet, citizens take it as an
 2

advantage in finding government information even communicating with elected

leaders and even participating in some campaign activities (Van Fossen, 2006)
through this, we may be able to access what we need to know from the latest
governance.

Adults were not the ones who finds technology very entertaining, in so much
that kids love it far better with the online application the internet could offer.
Sometimes they choose to stay late outside and play in play stations until they feel
tired, they doesn't even care if they're hungry. All they wanted is to reach the level
they need to compete with other players. Problem arises when the pupils get so
attach with the online games. Studies have shown that an increase in virtual
interaction decreases the amount of face-to-face interaction between people and this
in turn may lead to social isolation and depression.

Technology is getting improved by past decades. It has become a part and

parcel in everyday life. Without it, people would have a lot of trouble to keep pace
with the whole world. At the same time, today’s new generations incredibly
dependent on it. They do not want to use their brain as there are lots of search
engines they can easily access and can find out what they want. Technology creates
problems about pollution and global warming and at the same time people are using
technology to reduce these problems.

Overdependence on technology is harmful for humans’ existence because it

creates addiction that makes people inactive, decrease job opportunities and causes
physical or mental disorders that is a great threat for mans’ life.

Technology is a phenomenon that surrounds us all with artifacts and technical

devices on a daily basis, is an element that is maintained for the length of time and
we remain equally or more wrapped up in a technological world that teaches us a
new way of learning, and adaptation. Technological dependence is part of our lives
because nowadays no one is free of this phenomenon on the global level. An
example of this are the universities which indirectly involve students in this system,
the same applies to jobs or simply with the Chat, which is limiting personal relations,
replacing them with virtual communication.
 3

All this becomes dependence when individuals cannot perform their daily
activities without the use of some device, or better said function in society without
occupying any technological tool. Historically, technology has been used to meet
basic needs such as food, clothing, and housing. But also for other negative
purposes such as, create weapons to persuade and dominate people.

Technological activity affects the social and economic progress, but also
produced the deterioration of our environment. Technologies can be used to protect
the environment and prevent the growing needs cause depletion or degradation of
material and energy resources of our planet. Avoiding these negative aspects is the
task not only of governments, but of all the people living on the planet. Although
technology has a number of disadvantages, I think the advantages of these are more
favourable to mankind. In fact, one could say that without sustainable development
of the technology, the humans would not be more than an ordinary living being on
this planet. The inventions of man are indicators of the cognitive evolution of the
same, and in their eagerness to learn, can overcome evolutionary barriers such as
adaptability to certain climates, and defence against diseases. Unfortunately, it is
man who decides how to use it. Certain types of men see technology as weapons for
war, others as tools that help us improve the quality of life of the species.

That is why our interest in this particular field of the human-technology

interaction was stimulated when observing the reactions of a group of senior high
school students to their initial introduction to technology. As we can see computers is
the greatest invention, which we applied in ways in fields such as mechanical,
electronics, robotics, etc. From morning to night we all nowadays somehow depend
on the technology.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be of great benefit to the Senior High School
Students of Northern Mindanao. They will be more aware of technological
dependence, also, to know the effects of their learning performance if they rely or too
much depend on it.
 4

CONCEPTUAL AND THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

“Technology brought the easiest way to do such things and even updating us
with the things going on around the world. People get to know each other over the
internet. With the arrival of the information age, information technology becomes
more widespread and integrated into more aspects of our life”, Liu Jie (2008).

This reveals that, we have been concerned with the habitual use of a variety
of new technologies developed and somehow becoming dependent of it.

And this study conceptualizes the effects and awareness of the Senior High
school students to technological dependence towards their learning performance.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Figure 1:

Dependent variables Independent variables

Learning Performance of  Entertainment

Senior High School Students  Health
in Northern Mindanao  Educational
Colleges Inc.
 5

Figure 1 shows hypothesized relation between variables on the dependency on

technological devices to the performance of the Senior High school students.

Independent variables are the technological devices (computer, laptop, cell phones,
net book, and tablet, etc). These technological devices are the response variable
which is observed and measured to determine the performance of the students,
which is dependent variable.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to know the effects of dependency in computers in the learning
performance of the Senior High School Students in Northern Mindanao Colleges Inc.
Specifically; it attempts to answer the following questions:

1. What are the socio-demographic profile of the Senior High School students in
Northern Mindanao Colleges Inc. in terms of:

1.1. Age

1.2. Grade level and Strand

1.3. Sex

1.4. General Average

2. What is the level of technological dependency in terms of:

2.1. Entertainment

2.2. Health

2.3 Educational Learning

3. Is there a significant relationship between relying or depending on computers

to the learning performance of the Senior High School Students?
 6

STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

H1 There is no significant relationship between being dependent on technology

and the learning performances of the Senior High School Students of
Northern Mindanao Colleges Inc.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study focuses only to 280 Senior High School Students of Northern
Mindanao Colleges Inc. who are using computers/laptop and has mobile phones are
the subject of the investigation. Each student will be given same set of questionnaire.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Listed below are terms taken from this thesis, which the researchers believe,
have to be defined. This is necessary to enable the future readers of this thesis to
easily understand the contents of this research.

Addiction - compulsive physiological need for and use of a habit-forming substance.

Dependency - refers to something that is dependent on something else.

Computer - refers to a device that helps student to do their school works and as
for entertainment.

Internet - an electronic communications network that connects computer networks

and organizational computer facilities around the world.

Laptop/Net book/Palmtop - refers to portable computer devices that helps student

do their school work and as for entertainment anywhere and anytime they want.
 7

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

The researchers used the following related literature to support the claims of
the study and for the readers to understand the goal of this research paper.

There is a comprehensive amount of studies on the theme of technology

dependence. These studies focus on the effect on both social and educational
aspects of use of technology in school and at home. To our knowledge, there are no
empirical studies interpreting the causal relationship of technology in education on
academic performance of Senior High school Students in Northern Mindanao
Colleges Inc. Bulman and Fairlie (2016) address existing literature on technology
and education in the paper Technology and Education: Computers, Software, and
the Internet. In summary, investments in technology have educational impact, and
most often limited educational gains. These days, children from Pre-K to college
have access to smart phones, tablets, and other media.

Technology has become so entwined with Senior High school students’ often
frantic lives that most survey of new student technology use, say they’d be more
frazzled without it. If a student needs more information than the teacher can provide,
it only takes a few clicks of the mouse to find the answer and share it with the class.
This advancement allows students to dig deeper into a subject while the information
is still fresh. This new access to information doesn’t just impact students. We can
now connect to resources from places and build interactive learning modules that
engage students and excite their imaginations.

These resources allow them to gain better understanding of any subject –

often at no cost. Teachers can also get support from other educators from around
the globe. A click lets us exchange lesson plans, ideas, and even classroom help
virtually, without leaving the building. This access to information has opened up a
new world that lets us provide our students with world-class learning experiences
even in underfunded districts.

While the rise of new technology has made teaching and learning more
exciting and interactive, there are some challenges as well. Students are now more
 8

dependent on technology to complete basic tasks. The overuse of text-speak and

‘emojis’ in daily conversation also makes it harder for students to write clearly.
Student device usage can be a huge distraction in the classroom as well.

According to a report by Common Sense Media, half of all teens confess to an

addiction to technology. This professed addiction concerns many experts and
parents who feel that their students may, in fact, be setting themselves up for a life
where they are incapable of thinking for themselves. Smaller, faster devices make it
easier for some students to cheat as well. With more students and high-speed data
plans, students can ask a question and receive an answer before the teacher even
notices. But these challenges can provide teachable moments too. Teachers can
use these issues to build lessons that delve into the topics of self-regulation,
honesty, addiction, and what it means to be a connected community. We can use the
problem to create the solution and empower our students along the way. It’s
undoubtedly true that our modern students are more dependent on technology than
we would like. But that doesn’t mean there is no hope for future generations. Kids
are smart. They are capable of recognizing the dangers of excessive tech use and
can learn to limit themselves without losing the many benefits that modern
technology provides.

The effects of this social technological dependence, however, are much more
numerous and diverse than the causes, and most are negative. People are
becoming involved in much less personal communication as well. Today’s students
are developing unhealthy addictions to this technology, which may prove problematic
for the future, and the fact that they experience “withdrawal symptoms” seems
especially troubling. Now that this problematic effect is identified, more should be
done to combat this “technological addiction”.

Too much dependent on technology has contributed to increased laziness

among the teenagers. Many of them cannot perform assignment or carryout
research without using Google to find information.

Therefore, many teenagers do not have time to read and explore books into
details because they believe that, with the Internet, everything is possible. The
increased technology has solved communication problems, but it has affected
personal interaction. This is because many teenagers rely on the internet and social
networking sites to communicate with their friends, but they cannot express
themselves in front of others.
 9

It has also led to dangerous likelihood of cyber bullying and other associated
consequences. Parents and teachers should work together in order to help youths to
cope up in the technology age. They should restrict teenagers from spending too
much time on social networking sites and other technology devices. They can also
educate them on the impact associated with too much dependent on technology.
Motivate teenagers to improve their writing kills and learning skills. Also there should
be limitations imposed on schools and coaching classes about teaching with latest
technology and using different type of gadgets. People have become increasingly
reliant on technology and spend more time on phones than ever before. The
advances in technology have become so vast that it is changing before our eyes.
While some uses of technology are beneficial, they may also be distracting.

Technology has and will continue to influence people’s daily behaviour. It has
advanced society by contributing to stable living conditions and networking, but has
also crippled those who are dependent on it. Today’s students have grown up with
the use of technology readily available to them.

Since the 1990s the use of technology has become a necessity few could live
without. With the advent of home computers and the Internet, students have had
more access to information than ever before. Some researchers believe that readily
accessed information from the Internet has diminished the use of books, high-level
critical thinking, and learner ability to discern valid information. Other critics have
written and spoken extensively of their beliefs that schools should not use
technology. These critics offer a variety of reasons ranging from how the use of
technology can create social isolation, to technology preventing students from
learning critical basic skills.

In other words, current students are not developing higher order thinking
skills. They lack the cognitive skills of investigation, research, and comprehension of
text. Students copy and paste information and do not verify validity through any other
media outlet. The subsequent question is the accuracy of websites and blogs. With
so few safeguards or policing of web information, how can students ascertain the
correctness of information obtained there? If education is the great equalizer and
technology is the future instrument of education, are we certain that all students have
equal access? While technology is increasingly available, some schools enjoy more
opportunities than others.
 10

In larger, more affluent school districts, the use of laptops is becoming

common place. When students are using technology as a tool or a support for
communicating with others, they are in an active role rather than the passive role of
recipient of information transmitted by a teacher, textbook, or broadcast.

The student is actively making choices about how to generate, obtain,

manipulate, or display information. Technology use allows many more students to be
actively thinking about information, making choices, and executing skills than is
typical in teacher-led lessons.

Moreover, when technology is used as a tool to support students in

performing authentic tasks, the students are in the position of defining their goals,
making design decisions, and evaluating their progress. There are clearly both pros
and cons of adolescent technology use. The fact is, it is important for adolescents to
learn and understand technology. It's become a part of daily life for all people to use
a computer or a cell phone. It is necessary in most situations, especially for when
they are older and have jobs.

However, technology use must not be excessive. Extreme technological use

in adolescents can cause all sorts of problems; socially and physically. It is important
for adolescents to understand that yes, technology is an amazing thing; but at the
same time, it should not be used all of the time. They should not be over dependent
on it. Adolescents need to learn that sometimes, technology is not the right answer
for every situation.
 11

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a description of the research design selection and

description of respondents, research instruments, data collection procedure and
statistical treatments used.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, data will collect by using a survey method. One set of
questionnaire which will be answered by the following choices such as always,
sometimes or never will be used. This is a non-experimental study that has
demographic variable that is gender.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The members will be conducted in Northern Mindanao Colleges Incorporated.

It is located at Atega Street, Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

The respondents include students from Grade 11 to Grade 12 Senior High

School. The investigation will be separated into two groups which are the lower
secondary and upper secondary. The lower secondary category consists of Grade 11 students
while the upper secondary category comprises Grade 12 students both male and
female.
 12

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

The researches will be using survey questionnaire consists of 15 questions

that evaluate the respondents on their level of learning performance by being
dependent on technological devices. Each item is scored using a three -point
likert scale, a graded response can be selected (1 = “n ever” to 3 =
“always”). It covers the degree on how the technological devices affect the
learning performances of the Senior High School students. Before the
researchers give the questionnaires, researchers must discuss first what
to do to the respondents in order for them to understand.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

In order to conduct this study, the questionnaires were distributed personally to the
respondents. A consent form will be announced before conducting the survey and also
the nature of the study will be explained to the respondents. The questionnaires will
be collected there and then. After collecting the completed questionnaires, the
students’ perceptions will be analyzed in this study.

REQUEST FOR APPROVAL TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

Since this survey is conducted in Northern Mindanao Colleges Incorporated. So we

have to obtain permission from the principal of the school and the
teachers of the said respondents.
 13

DISTRIBUTION OF QUESTIONNAIRES

The actual survey will be conducted during the respondents’ last subject in
their morning classes. A maximum of 10 minutes is given to the respondents to
answer the given survey questionnaires in order not to disturb their classes.

CONSOLIDATION OF DATA

After collecting the survey questionnaires, the data was analyzed and calculated.
The data collected were analyzed and calculated using the statistical methods. The level of
learning performances by being dependent on technological devices among students
was analyzed using percentage.