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SECTION 051200
STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING
1. GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Contractor shall provide all labour, Materials, Contractor’s Equipment and Plant
to fully execute the requirements to furnish, deliver, and install the Works as
expressly described in the Drawings and Specification, or implied therefrom, and
in accordance with the Contract. It is the intent of this Specification section that
the work performed pursuant hereto be complete and acceptable in every respect
for its intended purpose. It is further required that the provisions of this
Specification section should be complementary to, and shall be correlated with,
the requirements of the Contract. Nothing in this specification section shall limit
the scope of work as required by the Contract.
B. The proposed works comprise a new Airport Terminal and associated piers for the
Abu Dhabi International Airport.
C. The Engineer's Drawings as listed in the Bills of Quantities show the layout,
principal dimensions and arrangement of the structure, the requirements of which
are amplified in the following paragraph(s).
E. Where serial size sections are specified on the drawings these are to be provided
in accordance with BS 4-1:2005 Structural Steel Sections – Specification for Hot
Rolled Sections.
1.3 REFERENCES
A. Follow the guidelines contained in the latest editions of the following codes,
specifications and standards except where more stringent requirements are shown
or specified in the Contract Documents.
B. This Specification shall be read in conjunction with all other Contract documents.
C. British Standards
Reference to a Code or Standard shall be deemed to include all other Codes and
Standards referred to in the specified Code or Standard.
D. Others
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.5 SUBMITTALS
A. General
3. Shop Drawing schedule shall allow adequate time for reviews. Submittal
shall include all related pieces in an assembled or area. The Contractor
shall allow adequate time in shop drawing preparation stage for the
dimensioning process and coordination with the Architectural Drawings
and those of other disciplines.
B. Dimensions
2. With the position of steel members thus fixed, the Contractor will still
need to deduce and compute other dimensions that are derivative from the
basic dimensions. These may include, but are not limited to, true distance
between work points, and the lengths and orientation of members. Such
derivation of dimensions is the responsibility of the Contractor.
C. Shop Drawings
3. Indicate layout and member size and weights, materials used, and beam
marks.
8. For all cable, tension or false work supported assemblies submit a full
erection procedure sufficient to achieve the required tensions and/ or
erection tolerances.
10. Submit shop drawings to Engineer for review and obtain acceptance prior
to start of fabrication. Only shop drawings marked “No Exceptions
Taken”, “Revise as Noted” or “See Comments Noted” may be used by
the Contractor in the work. Shop drawings marked “Rejected” or
“Resubmit for Review” shall be corrected and completed as required and
resubmitted to the Engineer before they are used in the work.
11. Where shop drawings are resubmitted the Contractor shall cloud and
identify all changes made due to additions, deletions, and corrections to
the shop drawing. Shop drawings resubmitted without each change being
clouded and identified will be returned for resubmission.
13. Prior to submitting erection drawings submit plans of all levels showing
dimensioned location of edge of slab, deck and openings.
15. Where items such as anchor bolts and inserts are scheduled to be set into
concrete or masonry provide setting drawings, templates, instructions and
directions for their installation. Coordinate delivery with other work to
avoid delay of job progress.
D. Mill Reports
4. In the areas noted on the drawings and confirmed by the Contractor, the
material is to be subject to the following additional tests:
a. Ultrasonic grading to BS EN 10160, S2 E2.
b. Through-thickness tensile tests to BS 10164, Level Z25.
8. Records of all site tests and inspections are to be verified by the approved
Independent Inspection Authority.
F. Bearing Assemblies
1. Submit shop drawings and technical specifications for the slide bearing
assemblies used in the project.
G. Erection Procedures
10. The review will need personnel who meet the requirements of BS EN ISO
3834-5 (IWT).
11. Formal job specific WPSs shall be available to the welder or operator
prior to commencement of works. Simple work instructions with minimal
information are not acceptable.
J. Connection Design
1. The Contractor is responsible for the design of connections when they are
not fully defined on the contract documents.
5. Contractor shall not proceed with steel erection until these requirements
are fulfilled.
6. A slip factor of 0.45 has been and shall be used in the design of friction
grip joints.
K. As built drawings
A. General
B. Inspection System
D. System Acceptance
E. Scope
1. The system shall cover all procedures as detailed in BS EN ISO 9001 and
BS EN ISO 3834-3.
F. Personnel
G. Inspection Status
H. Records
J. Period of Notice
1. Agree a period of notice with the Engineer for all tests and before
commencing any trial assembly.
K. Mock Ups
1.7 QUALIFICATIONS
A. Connection Design
B. Qualification of Welders
A. Do not handle structural steelwork until paint has thoroughly dried. Care shall be
exercised to avoid abrasions and other damage.
B. Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and identification. Support
steel members off ground and undercover to provide shade. Protect steel
members and packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration or from
damage by construction operations. Materials showing evidence of damage will
be rejected and shall be immediately removed from the site.
C. Do not store materials on the structure in a manner that might cause distortion or
damage to members or supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged
materials or structures as directed.
D. All structural bolts, nuts, washers and load indicators shall be delivered to the site,
where they will be installed, in unopened containers. Protect all structural
fasteners from weathering and corrosion prior to installation and tightening
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 STRUCTURAL STEEL
A. Structural Steel
2. In the areas shown on project drawings, the materials shall be tested for
through thickness properties to the specified quality class in accordance
with BS EN 10164.
5. Steel for fabrication is not to be more heavily pitted or rusted than Grade
C of BS EN ISO 8501-1.
6. Rectify surface defects in hot rolled sections, plates and wide flats
revealed during surface preparation which are not in accordance with the
requirements of BS EN 10163.
B. Cold Formed Sections: Steel shall conform to BS 5950-7. Quality grades as noted
on the Drawings.
E. Tension Rod Cables: All tension rod cables as noted on drawings are to be
Macalloy S520 system with Macalloy fork end connectors.
A. Fasteners
5. Washers, plain and tapered steel washers for use with ordinary bolts shall
conform to BS 4320. High strength washers for use with HSFG bolts
shall conform to BS 4395 Part 1
7. Load Indicating Devices: Where load indicating devices are required, use
‘Coronet’ load indicating washers manufactured by ‘Cooper and Turner’
conforming to BS 4395 or torshear type bolts conforming to JSS II-09 or
equivalent subject to the approval of the Engineer in friction grip joints.
B. Surface Finish
A. Welding Consumables
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Construction Document: Volume 3 of 4 (Rev 09) July 2012
Abu Dhabi Airports Company PJSC Specification, Section 051200
1. All welding consumables used for the arc welding of carbon and carbon
manganese steels are to comply with BS EN 1011-1, BS EN 1011-2,
BS EN ISO 2560, BS EN 440, BS EN 756, BS EN 758 or BS EN 1668 as
appropriate. Unless otherwise stipulated welding consumables shall
provide mechanical properties equal to the steel specification being
welded.
2.4 ACCESSORIES
A. Grout
2. A fluid Portland cement based grout comprising Portland cement and fine
natural aggregate mixed in the ratio 1:1 by volume including the use of
approved expanding additives to avoid shrinkage. Sufficient water is to
be added to provide a viscosity suitable for the voids to be filled without
bleeding or segregation of the fresh grout mix.
2.5 FABRICATION
A. General
B. Identification
C. Storage
D. Handling
1. Plan and carry out bundling, packing, handling and transport in a manner
designed to prevent damage to the steelwork and any protective coating.
E. Damaged Steelwork
F. Cutting
2. Use hand flame cutting only where it is impractical to use machine flame
cutting and is not to be used without prior approval by the Engineer.
G. Dressing
1. Dress the edges of all plate cut by flame to remove slag, scale,
irregularities and excessive hardening. The hardness value after dressing
for flame cut surfaces of all grades of steel is not to exceed 350HV when
tested to BS EN ISO 6507-1 with 10kgf.
H. Bearing
1. Joints that depend on contact bearing are to have the bearing surfaces
prepared to a common plane by milling, sawing or other suitable means.
The bearing surfaces are to be at right angles to the nominal axis of the
member or such other angle noted on the drawings. No work need be
carried out on a bearing surface which is to be grouted direct to a
foundation.
2. Cut and grind bearing stiffeners to ensure a tight bearing along edges in
contact with flanges.
I. Straightening
J. Heating
K. Accuracy of Fabrication
1. General
a. Fabricate steelwork to an accuracy that will enable erection
within the specified limits to take place without inducing
excessive stresses, deflection or distortion into the structure.
b. Fabrication tolerances on shape and dimension shall comply with
BS 5950-2 and this section of the specification as appropriate.
c. Where it is permissible to combine permitted deviations to
establish the acceptability of the position of a piece of steelwork
they shall be combined using the root sum square method.
d. The permitted deviations (∆) for various sections and components
are given in the clauses and diagrams below.
e. Unless specified otherwise permitted deviations refer to the
unstressed condition.
b. Squareness of Ends
Prepared for Bearing
d. Length
e. Curved or Cambered
Verticality of web at
supports, for components
without bearing stiffeners.
∆= D/300 or 3mm whichever is the
greater.
g. Compression Joints
Column splices and other connections that rely on contact for the
transmission of compressive stress shall be prepared such that the butting
faces comply with BS5950:Part 2 Clause 7.2.9 and:
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Construction Document: Volume 3 of 4 (Rev 09) July 2012
Abu Dhabi Airports Company PJSC Specification, Section 051200
a. Position of Fittings
c. Punched Holes
e. Flatness
f. Notches
∆ = +2mm, -0mm
g. Column base plates and cap
plates
a. Depth
b. Flange Width
Width of BW or Bn
c. Squareness of Section
d. Web Eccentricity
e. Flanges
Out of flatness
g. Web Distortion
a. Plate Widths
Width of Bf or Bw
b. Squareness
Squareness at diaphragm
positions
c. Plate Distortion
a. Web Stiffeners
b. Web Stiffeners
a. Panel length
∆= 5mm
∆= 5mm
c. Joint eccentricity
∆ = B/20 +5mm
∆=5mm
e. The length of a member shall not deviate from its specified length
by more than 3mm.
f. The angle between adjacent elements of a section shall not
deviate from the specified angle by more than 1°.
g. The deviation ∆ of a member from straightness (or its intended
shape) shall not exceed 3mm or L/500, whichever is the greater.
In the case of complex cross sections, such as markedly
asymmetric sections, the permitted deviations shall be agreed
between the designer and the manufacturer.
h. The angle of twist shall not exceed 1°/m of length. In the case of
complex cross sections the permissible angle of twist shall be
agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
i. Permissible deviations in the dimensions of compound members
made up from two or more sections and built up structural
elements, such as lattice girders, shall be agreed between the
designer and the fabricator or manufacturer.
j. The distortion of the surface of an element in a concave or
convex direction shall not exceed B/50 where B is the width of
the element.
L. Welding
1. General
a. Welding shall be a metal arc process in accordance with BS EN
1011-1 and BS EN 1011-2 as appropriate, together with clauses
contained in this section.
b. Written welding procedure specifications shall be prepared in
accordance with BS EN ISO 15609-1, and tested in accordance
with BS EN ISO 15614-1 by the Steelwork Contractor. They
shall comply with the guidance of BS EN 1011-2 Annex C
Method A to avoid hydrogen cracking, and Annex D to provide
adequate toughness in the heat affected zone.
c. The Steelwork Contractors system for the management of
welding shall meet the standard quality requirements as described
in BS EN 3834-3. (Note: As a minimum, this requires that
welding coordination is undertaken by persons with technical
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Construction Document: Volume 3 of 4 (Rev 09) July 2012
Abu Dhabi Airports Company PJSC Specification, Section 051200
2. Assembly
a. Joints shall be fitted up to the dimensional accuracy required by
the welding procedure, depending on the process used, to ensure
that the quality in BS EN ISO 5817, level C is satisfied.
b. Fabrications assembled in jigs may be completely welded in the
jig, or may be removed from the jig after tack welding.
c. Tack welds may be used provided they are laid in the area to be
welded and are thoroughly removed by grinding or gouging such
that the subsequent welding is unaffected, or they are undertaken
by an approved welder as short length normal welds at least four
times the thickness of the thicker part being joined, or 50mm
whichever is the greater. The procedure shall comply with the
approved WP, or they are undertaken by an approved welder to
an approved WP, and the tack is fully re-melted during
subsequent welding (this will need to be substantiated by a
welding procedure).
d. The sequence of welding a joint or a sequence of joints shall be
such that distortion is controlled and minimised and specified
limits not exceeded (see BS 5950-2).
e. Welding of temporary attachments required for fabrication or
erection shall be made in accordance with the requirements for a
permanent weld and inspected. When removal is necessary, they
shall be flame cut or gouged at a point not closer than 2mm from
the surface of the parent material. The residual material may be
ground flush and the affected area visually inspected. When the
base material exceeds 20mm (or carbon equivalent > than 0.43%)
it shall also be checked by magnetic particle inspection.
Attachments shall not be removed by hammering.
f. Where the profile of the weld is maintained to the free end of a
run by the use of extension pieces they shall be of material of
similar composition, but not necessarily the same grade. They
shall be arranged to provide continuity of preparation and shall be
removed after completion of the weld and the end surface ground
smooth.
g. Where production test plates are specified for test purposes they
shall be clamped in-line with the joint. The grade of material,
carbon equivalent and rolling direction shall match the parent
plate, but need not be cut from the same plate or cast. The
production test plates shall meet the requirements of BS EN ISO
15614 for tensile, impacts and hardness unless otherwise agreed
with the Engineer.
o Full penetration butt weld (FPBW), a weld that is fully fused for the full
thickness of the material
o Full strength butt weld (FSBW), a weld that is not full penetration but is designed
to develop full strength of the connection but may have an un-fused land in the
centre.
o Partial penetration butt weld (PPBW), a weld that is similar to a FSBW but is not
designed to develop the full strength of the connection and will have an un-fused
land
o Fillet weld (FW), a weld that is normally between two plates at right angles. It
can also apply to plates lapped (lap weld).
o For the purpose of inspection, the weld shall be defined as the weld and the
adjacent material.
M. Bolting
1. Holes
a. All holing shall conform to the requirements stated in BS 5950-2.
b. Drill and ream all holes unless agreed otherwise by the Engineer.
Punching should only be used on plates of small thickness.
c. Holes for ordinary bolts are to be of diameter not more than 2mm
greater than the diameter of the bolt for bolts up to 24mm
diameter, and not more than 3mm greater than the diameter of the
bolt for bolts over 24mm diameter, except in steel base plates and
where noted on the drawings.
d. HSFG Fastener Holes to comply with BS 4604.
e. Drifting to align holes is not to enlarge the holes or distort the
metal.
f. Where parts cannot be brought together by drifting without
distorting the steelwork, rectification may be made by reaming,
provided the design of the connection will allow the use of larger
diameter holes and bolts and is approved by the Engineer.
2. Holes in Hollow Sections: Seal bolt holes and vent holes in hollow
sections to prevent the ingress of moisture. If not specified on the
drawings, show the proposed method on the Shop Drawings.
6. Washers
a. Each bolt assembly is to contain at least one washer placed under
the part being rotated.
b. Place Taper Washers under bolt heads and nuts bearing on
surfaces sloping 3 or more from a plane at right angles to the
bolt axis.
7. Tighten bolt assemblies containing spring washers until the spring washer
is completely flattened.
9. The length of bolt is to be such that at least three clear threads shows
above the nut after tightening, and at least one thread plus the thread run
out is clear between the nut and the unthreaded shank of the bolt.
10. Bolt and nut assemblies shall be tightened to BS 5950: Part 2. For non
preloaded bolts, bolts may be assembled using power tools or shall be
fully tightened by hand using appropriate spanners in accordance with BS
2583.
2.6 FINISH
A. General
2. The system will be selected from those shown in the Tables below.
3. The system shall comply with local regulations and best practice guidance
on VOC emissions from the systems used.
B. Workmanship
3. Surface Preparation
a. At the time of coating the surface cleanliness shall be in
accordance with BS EN ISO 8501-1.
8. Quarantined components may only be repaired for use in the Works with
the agreement of the Engineer.
10. The Steelwork Contractor shall agree with the Engineer the position of
vent and drainage holes in hollow components as laid down in BS EN
ISO 14713, and any requirements for subsequent sealing.
E. Paint Treatment
3. Site weld areas and fasteners which are not suitably protected shall be
painted with an approved paint system to ensure similar properties,
performance and compatibility with the protective treatment system being
used on the surrounding surfaces.
G. Paint Coatings
2. The Steelwork Contractor shall wash down all steelwork with high
pressure potable water immediately prior to lifting steelwork into the
works.
Notes:
1.0 All materials shall be supplied from a single manufacturer and applied in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
2.0 The thicknesses quoted are MINIMUM DRY FILM THICKNESS (DFT).
3.0 All materials are to comply with the maximum Volatile Organic Content
(VOC) given in the current edition of the Secretary of State's Process
Guidance note
PG 6/23.
4.0 The Steelwork Contractor shall submit a written warranty from the paint
manufacturer that the primer used is compatible with an overcoated spray applied
cementitious or intumescent fire protection coating.
5.0 Intumescent Sealer is to be applied over the intumescent coat to provide the
required finish colour and seal the surface against moisture or water.
6.0 For fire ratings please refer to Architectural drawings and specifications
A. Inspection System
2. Welding
a. Keep records to demonstrate that all welds (which includes
structural welds and stud welds) have been visually inspected and
repairs completed where required.
b. Keep records to demonstrate that welds have been inspected as
required in Table L3-1A, Magnetic Particle Inspection and have
complied with the requirements of Table B, BS EN ISO 5817 and
repairs completed.
c. Keep records to demonstrate that welds have been inspected as
required in Table L3-1A, Ultrasonic Inspection and have
complied with the requirements of Table B, BS EN ISO 5817 and
repairs completed.
d. Welding records are to be verified as compliant by an
Independent Inspection Authority.
3. Fabrication Tolerances
a. Records are to be kept of all the required dimensional inspections
to demonstrate that the tolerances shown in the specification and
Table 4, BS 5950-2 have been met.
b. Any deviations from the stated requirements will need a
concession from the Engineer which will need to be held with the
records or steelwork may be rejected. All concessions should
4. Trial Assembly
a. Trial assemblies, where required, are identified on the structural
drawings. The trial assemblies shall comply with this
specification.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
B. Before erection of steelwork, verify the levels of the supporting concrete structure
and position of cast-in anchor bolts, and whether the concrete has gained adequate
strength to withstand the erection stresses.
C. Check before erection of any steelwork that work abutting the steelwork to be
erected has been correctly placed in position and level.
D. Discrepancies
2. Do not proceed with construction in the region of the discrepancy until all
such discrepancies have been resolved.
3.2 PREPARATION
3.3 ERECTION
A. Erection shall comply with this specification and the requirements given in BS
5950-2.
B. Foundation Bolts
3. Keep pockets formed around foundation bolts clean and free from all
extraneous matter.
C. Erection Stresses: Do not exceed the stress limits given in BS 5950 during
handling and erection.
D. Temporary Works
3. Any connections for temporary works are not to weaken the permanent
structure or impair serviceability.
E. Alignment: Align each part of the structure as soon as practicable after it has
been erected. Do not make permanent connections between members until
sufficient of the structure has been aligned, levelled, plumbed and temporarily
connected to ensure that members will not be displaced during the subsequent
erection or alignment of the remainder of the structure
G. Packing
1. Plumb and level columns using steel packs and wedges not larger than
necessary for the purpose and of adequate strength and stiffness.
H. Sliding Surfaces: Treat the sliding surfaces of uncoated expansion joints with
molybdenum disulphide grease before making the connection.
I. Thermal Cutting: Do not use thermal cutting equipment on site unless agreed
otherwise by the Engineer for specific applications.
J. Site Welding: Where site welding is required, provide suitable staging, platforms
and weather protection for welding operations. Site welding shall comply with all
the requirements given in Part 2 of the specification.
A. Six weeks prior to erection a grouting trial shall be carried out for baseplates in
excess of 0.25m² to ensure full grouting can be achieved. This shall be carried out
below a trial base plate which we be removed and grouting checked by the IIA.
B. Do not carry out grouting under column base plates until a sufficient portion of
the structure has been aligned, levelled, plumbed and adequately braced by other
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Construction Document: Volume 3 of 4 (Rev 09) July 2012
Abu Dhabi Airports Company PJSC Specification, Section 051200
structural components which have been levelled and are securely held by their
permanent connections.
C. Immediately before grouting, the space under column base plates is to be clean
and free of all extraneous matter.
D. Prepare, mix and place proprietary grout in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
A. Accuracy of Construction
1. Erect steelwork within the limits stated below. Make all necessary
allowances and adjustments to achieve this accuracy, taking account of
the following:
a. All measurements be taken in calm weather, and due note is to be
taken of temperature effects on the structure.
b. The deviations shown for I sections apply also to box and tubular
sections.
c. Where deviations are shown relative to nominal centerlines of the
section, the permitted deviation on cross-section and straightness
may be added.
B. Datum References
2. The Steelwork Contractor shall obtain the setting out dimensions from the
Engineer to set out the gridlines, and shall be responsible for the accuracy
of his work. Figured dimensions shown on the Drawings shall be taken
and the Steelwork Contractor shall verify all such dimensions and levels
before commencement of execution of the Works. The checking of any
setting-out or of any line or level by the Engineer or his representatives
shall not in any way relieve the Steelwork Contractor of his responsibility
for the accuracy.
1. Foundation Level
2. Vertical Wall
8. Alignment of Adjacent
Perimeter Columns
9. Beam Level
19. The thickness of bedding shall be within one-third of the nominal thickness
or 10mm, whichever is less, of the specified nominal thickness
B. Erection Tolerances
2. Any deviations from the stated requirements will need a concession from
the Engineer which will need to be held with records or steelwork may
not be accepted. All concessions should be clearly identified and
traceable.
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Abu Dhabi Airports Company PJSC Specification, Section 051200
C. Mock-ups: At least four weeks prior to fabricating AESS, the contractor shall
construct mock-ups to demonstrate aesthetic effects as well as qualities of
materials and execution. A mock-up for each of the following elements shall be
constructed:
2. Notify the Engineer one week in advance of the dates and times when
mock-ups will be available for review.
A. Deliver AESS to Project site in such quantities and at such times to ensure
continuity of installation.
B. Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and identification. Keep steel
members off ground by using pallets, platforms, or other supports. Protect steel
members and packaged materials from erosion and deterioration. Use special care
in handling to prevent twisting or warping of AESS members.
C. Erect pre-painted finish pieces using padded slings or other methods such that
they are not damaged. Provide padding as required to protect while rigging and
aligning member’s frames. Weld tabs for temporary bracing and safety cabling
only at points concealed from view in the completed structure or where approved
by the Engineer during the pre-installation meeting. Methods of removing
temporary erection devices and finishing the AESS members shall be approved by
the Engineer prior to erection.
A. Field Measurements: Where AESS is indicated to fit against walls and other
construction, verify dimensions by field measurements before fabrication and
indicate measurements on shop drawings. Coordinate fabrication schedule with
construction progress to avoid delaying the work.
4.5 COORDINATION
A. Coordinate installation of anchors for AESS members that connect to the work of
other trades. Furnish setting drawings, templates, and directions for installing
anchors, including sleeves, concrete inserts, anchor bolts, and items with integral
anchors, that are to be embedded in concrete or masonry. Deliver such items to
the project site in time for installation.
4.6 FABRICATION
A. Fabricate and assemble AESS in the shop to the greatest extent possible. Locate
field joints in AESS assemblies at concealed locations or as approved by the
Engineer. Detail AESS assemblies to minimize field handling and expedite
erection.
B. Fabricate AESS with exposed surfaces smooth, square and of surface quality
consistent with the approved mock-up. Use special care in handling and shipping
of AESS both before and after shop painting.
C. In addition to special care used to handle and fabricate AESS, employ the
following fabrication techniques.
1. Welds ground smooth: Fabricator shall grind welds of AESS smooth. For
groove welds, the weld shall be made flush to the surfaces each side and
be within +1.5mm, −0mm of plate thickness.
5. Piece Marks Hidden: Fabricate such that piece marks are fully hidden in
the final structure or made with such media to permit full removal after
erection.
6. Mill Mark Removal: Fabricator shall deliver, wherever possible steel with
no mill marks (stenciled, stamped, raised etc) in exposed locations, to be
confirmed with Engineer. In the first instance if mill marks appear in
exposed locations they should be transferred to a suitable location as
agreed with the Engineer. If a suitable location can not be agreed then
Mill marks shall be omitted, with the approval of the Engineer only, by
cutting of mill material to appropriate lengths where possible. Where not
possible, the fabricator can fill and/or grind to a surface finish consistent
with the approved mock-up.
9. Seal weld open ends of round and rectangular hollow structural section
with 10mm closure plates. Provide continuous, sealed welds at angle to
gusset-plate connections and similar locations where AESS is exposed to
weather.
4.7 ERECTION
A. The erector shall check all AESS members upon delivery for twist, kinks, gouges
or other imperfections which might result in rejection of the appearance of the
member. Coordinate remedial action with fabricator prior to erecting steel.
B. Provide connections for temporary shoring, bracing and supports only where
noted on the approved shop drawings. Temporary connections not shown shall be
made at locations not exposed to view in the final structure or as approved by the
Engineer. Handle, lift and align pieces using padded slings and/or other protection
required to maintain the appearance of the AESS through the process of erection.
5. Bolt head orientation: All bolt heads shall be oriented as indicated on the
contract documents. Where bolt-head alignment is specified, the
orientation shall be noted for each connection on the erection drawings.
Where not noted, the bolt heads in a given connection shall be oriented to
one side.
6. Removal of field connection aids: Run-out tabs, erection bolts and other
steel members added to connections to allow for alignment, fit-up, and
welding in the field shall be removed from the structure. Field groove
welds shall be selected to eliminate the need for backing bars or to permit
their removal after welding. Welds at run-out tabs shall be removed to
match adjacent surfaces and ground smooth. Holes for erection bolts shall
be plug welded and ground smooth.
7. Filling of weld access holes: Where holes must be cut in the web at the
intersection with flanges on to permit field welding of the flanges, they
shall be filled. Filling shall be executed with proper procedures to
minimize restraint and address thermal stresses.
D. Field welding: Weld profile, quality, and finish shall be consistent with mock-ups
approved prior to fabrication.
F. Obtain permission for any torch cutting or field fabrication from the Engineer.
Finish sections thermally cut during erection to a surface appearance consistent
with the mock up.
G. Do not enlarge unfair holes in members by burning or by using drift pins. Ream
holes that must be enlarged to admit bolts. Replace connection plates that are
misaligned where holes cannot be aligned with acceptable final appearance.
A. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will maintain true alignment
of axes without warp. Verify that weld sizes, fabrication sequence, and equipment
used for AESS will limit distortions to allowable tolerances.
B. AESS acceptance: The Engineer shall observe the AESS steel in place and
determine acceptability based on the mock-up.
B. Galvanized Surfaces: Clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas
and repair galvanizing to comply with this specification.
END OF SECTION