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embedded with PARAFFIN. 24. Manual paraffin wax infiltration and embedding:
3. To remove formalin pigments: Picric acid minutes interval to ensure complete removal of the
4. To remove mercurial deposits: Iodine clearing agent from tissue. The specimen is then
5. Explosive when dry: Picric acid immersed in another fresh solution of melted
9. Second best choice for routine cytologic 26. Bond between Best carmine and glycogen:
microscopy bonds
10. NOT SUITABLE for kidney structures: Bouin's 27. Routine H and E: Regressive staining, it
11. Cell death due to ischemia (loss of blood involves a differentiation step
supply) is known as infarction, and is manifested by 28. Stains for the glomerular basement membrane:
clinical material. It is part of the normal skin 32. COMPONENTS OF FIBRIN GLUE: cryoprecipitate
14. Primary fungal pathogen in HIV patients: Candida 33. Donor deferral, measles (rubeola) vaccination: 2
albicans. weeks
15. Doublewalled, wrinkled cyst form: Acanthamoeba 34. Donor deferral, German measles (Rubella)
16. Intracellular form of blood and tissue 35. When stained with Sternheimer-Malbin stain,
flagellates: leishmanial form GLITTER CELLS stain LIGHT BLUE as opposed to the
17. Normal stool pH: pH 7 to 8 VIOLET COLOR usually seen with NEUTROPHILS.
18. Stool pH associated with CHO disorders: pH 5.5 35. After episodes of hemoglobinuria, yellow-brown
19. Microhematocrit: 10,000 g for 5 minutes cells and casts or free-floating in the urine
20. Standing plasma test: creamy layer sediment. To confirm that these granules are
(chylomicrons); turbid (VLDL) hemosiderin, the Prussian blue stain for iron is
21. Microanatomical fixatives should never contain used and stains the hemosiderin granules a blue
osmic acid/osmium tetroxide because it inhibits color. (RTE cells with HEMOSIDERIN).
acid due to its affinity for nuclear chromatin. 37. MECONIUM, which is usually defined as a
23. Cytoplasmic fixatives (Flemming's without HAc, newborn’s first bowel movement, is formed in the
Regaud's, Orth's, Helly's and formalin with post- intestine from fetal intestinal secretions and
swallowed amniotic fluid. It is a dark green, mucus- Decreased LH and FSH
like material. It may be present in the amniotic 61. BASAL STATE: early morning before the patient
fluid as a result of fetal distress. has eaten or become physically active. This is a
38. Blood should NEVER be drawn from a vein in an good time to draw blood specimens because the body
arm with a cannula (temporary dialysis access is at rest and food has not been ingested during the
device) or fistula (a permanent surgical fusion of a night.
vein and an artery). 62. ACID: substance than can yield a hydrogen ion or
39. Adverse reaction of Aminoglycosides: hydronium ion when dissolved in water
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity 63. BASE: substance than can yield hydroxyl ions
40. TETANY: neuromotor irritability accompanied by (OH-)
muscular twitching and eventual convulsions; 64. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES: properties of osmotic
generally due to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) pressure, freezing point, boiling point and vapor
41. Reagent for the APT test: 1% NaOH pressure
42. APT test: fetal blood, pink solution 65. t-test: compare accuracy, mean (TAM)
43. APT test: maternal blood, yellow-brown 66. f-test: compare precision, SD (SPF)
supernatant 67. Random error: 1:2SD, 1:3SD, R:4S (ODD NUMBERS)
44. Florence test: test for choline 68. Systematic error: 2:2SD, 4:1SD, 10:x (EVEN
Iodine, KI/ dark brown rhombic crystals NUMBERS)
45. Barbiero's test: test for spermine 69. ZERO-ORDER KINETICS: reaction rate is dependent
Picric acid, TCA/ yellow leafshaped crystals, on enzyme concentration only
needles 70. FIRST-ORDER KINETICS: reaction rate is directly
46. Blondheim's test: test to differentiate proportional to substrate concentration
hemoglobin from myoglobin, ammonium sulfate will 71. Arteriosclerosis: thickening or hardening of the
precipitate hemoglobin walls of arteries
47. Nanometer is also millimicron 72. Atherosclerosis: accumulation of lipid in the
48. Embedding medium for EM is Plastic veins and arteries
49. Best vital stain is neutral red 73. Azotemia: elevated urea in blood
50. Vital stain for mitochondria is Janus Green 74. Addison’s disease: deficiency of adrenocortical
51. Ferning: Early pregnancy hormones
52. Pap's consists of 3 stains: Harris hematoxylin, 75. Conn’s syndrome: aldosterone-secreting adrenal
OG 6 and EA adenoma
53. Total renal BLOOD flow is 1200 mL/min 76. Cushing’s syndrome: excessive production of
54. Total renal PLASMA flow is 600 to 700 mL/min glucocorticoids (cortisol) by adrenal cortex
55. Most potent estrogen is Estradiol 77. Phaeochromocytoma: tumors of the adrenal medulla
56. Most important androgen in terms of potency and or symphatetic ganglia that produce and release
amount secreted is testosterone (Marshall) large quantities of catecholamines
57. Conn syndrome: primary aldosteronism 78. Amenorrhea: cessation of menstruation
58. Hirsutism: male-pattern hair growth in women; 79. Cirrhosis: Greek work YELLOW; irreversible
most common cause is PCOS (polycystic ovary scarring process by which normal liver architecture
syndrome, Marshall) is transformed into abnormal nodular architecture
59. Primary male hypogonadism 80. Gilbert’s syndrome: hereditary disorder in which
Decreased testosterone there is DECREASED BILIRUBIN TRANSPORT into the
Increased LH and FSH hepatocytes.
60. Secondary male hypogonadism 81. Crigler-Najjar syndrome: hereditary DEFICIENCY
Decreased testosterone of the UDPG-TRANSFERASE ENZYME
82. Dubin-Johnson syndrome is associated with 100. ANTI-H LECTIN: ULEX EUROPAEUS
increased plasma conjugated bilirubin, inborn error 101. ANTI-M LECTIN: IBERIS AMARA
of metabolism 102. ANTI-N LECTIN: VICIA GRAMINEA
83. Rotor syndrome, possibly of viral origin, where 103. DOSAGE: phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts
there is also a block in the excretion of conjugated more strongly with a red blood cell carrying a
bilirubin but without liver pigmentation double dose (homozygous inheritance of the
84. Wilson’s disease is a defect of copper transport appropriate gene) than with a red blood cell
from the liver resulting in overload of copper in carrying a single dose (heterozygous inheritance) of
liver and brain an antigen
85. Menkes disease is an X-linked recessive disorder 104. EPITOPE: portion of the antigen molecule that
in which defective transport of copper from mucosal is directly involved in the interaction with the
cells results in copper deficiency. antibody; the ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT
86. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: chronic autoimmune 105. PRIVATE ANTIGEN: antigenic characteristic of
thyroiditis; it is the most common cause of primary the red blood cell membrane that is unique to an
hypothyroidism individual or a related family of individuals and
87. Graves’ disease: diffuse toxic goiter therefore is not commonly found on all cells
88. Kwashiorkor: acute protein calories malnutrition (usually less than 1% of the population)
89. Marasmus: caused by caloric insufficiency 106. PUBLIC ANTIGEN: antigen characteristic of the
without protein insufficiency so that the serum red blood cell membrane found commonly among
albumin level remains normal; there is considerable individuals, usually more than 98% of the population
loss of body weight 107. Apoptosis: programmed cell death
90. Leydig cells: cells of the testicles that 108. Ecchymosis: small hemorrhagic spot, LARGER THAN
produce testosterone PETECHIA, in the skin or mucous membrane, forming a
91. CD34: cell membrane marker of stem cells rounded or irregular blue or purplish patch; also
92. GRANULAR, DIRTY, BROWN CASTS representing known as bruise
hemoglobin degradation products such as 109. Koilonychia: fingernails are thin, flattened
methemoglobin: ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS and concave; associated with iron deficiency anemia
93. ADSORPTION: Providing an antibody with its 110. Leptocyte: thin, flat red cell with hemoglobin
corresponding antigen under optimal conditions so at periphery and increased central pallor;
that the antibody will attach to the antigen, hypochromic cell
thereby removing the antibody from the serum 111. Reed-Sternberg cell: presence is definitive
94. ELUTION: process whereby cells that are coated histologic diagnosis of HODGKIN’S DISEASE
with antibody are treated in such a manner as to 112. Alder-Reilly anomaly: leukocytes of the
disrupt the bonds between the antigen and antibody myelocytic series, and sometimes all leukocytes
95. ACID PHOSPHATASE (ACP) and ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE contain coarse azurophilic mucopolysccharide
(ALP): red blood cell enzyme used as an granules
identification marker in paternity testing and 113. Auer rod: needle-shaped or round inclusion in
criminal investigation (Harmening) the cytoplasm of myeloblasts and promyelocytes;
96. AMORPH: gene that does not appear to produce a composed of condensed primary granules
detectable antigen; a silent gene 114. Chediak-Higashi anomaly: congenital, autosomal
97. ANASTOMOSIS: connection between two blood recessive disorder, characterized by partial
vessels, either direct or through connecting albinism, photophobia and the presence of abnormally
channels large blue granules in leukocytes
98. ANTI-A1 LECTIN: DOLICHOS BIFLORUS 115. May-Hegglin anomaly: autosomal dominant
99. ANTI-B LECTIN: BANDEIRAEA SIMPLICIFOLIA inherited blood cell disorder characterized by
thrombocytopenia and granules containing cytoplasmic 172. TRIPLE PHOSPHATE: coffin-lid or FEATHERY
inclusions similar to Dohle bodies APPEARANCE (as they disintegrate)
116. Sezary syndrome: cutaneous T CELL LYMPHOMA 173. MAKLER COUNTING CHAMBER provides a method for
characterized by exfoliative erythroderma, counting UNDILUTED seminal fluid. Sperms are
peripheral lymphadenopathy and Sezary cells present immobilized by heating part of the specimen prior to
in the skin, lymph nodes and peripheral blood charging the chamber.
117. Gaucher’s disease: rare disorder of fat 174. COMPUTER-ASSISTED SEMEN ANALYSIS (CASA)
metabolism caused by deficiency of provides OBJECTIVE determination of both SPERM
glucocerebrosidase VELOCITY and TRAJECTORY (DIRECTION OF MOTION).
118. Bernard-Soulier syndrome: mutations to platelet 175. A maximum of 30 mL AMNIOTIC FLUID is collected
GP IB or GP IX, defect of platelet adhesion in sterile syringes. The first 2 to 3 mL collected
119. Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: mutations to can be contaminated by maternal blood, tissue fluid
platelet GP IIb or IIIa; defect of fibrinogen- and cells and are discarded.
dependent platelet aggregation 176. OSMOTIC DIARRHEA: increased RETENTION of water
120. Lactoferrin: protein produced by the neutrophis and solutes in the large intestine associated with
and stored in the secondary granules that is able MALABSORPTION AND MALDIGESTION.
bind iron 177. SECRETORY DIARRHEA: increased SECRETION of
161. DOH SECRETARY: DR. PAULYN JEAN B. ROSELL-UBIAL water and electrolytes into the large intestine
162. DRIVING FORCE of the bicarbonate buffer system caused by BACTERIAL ENTEROTOXINS.
is CARBON DIOXIDE. 178. Plasmapheresis donor, total protein at least 6
163. TURNAROUND TIME (TAT): time from ordering a g/dL.
test through analysis in the laboratory to the 179. Packed red blood cells LEAK POTASSIUM into the
charting of the report. plasma or additive solution of the blood component
164. Hazardous chemicals should be labeled with a during storage. Rapid infusion of a large volume of
description of their particular hazard, such as packed red blood cells may put patient populations
POISONOUS, CORROSIVE OR CARCINOGENIC. such as neonates and patients with cardiac, hepatic,
165. Information contained in the Material Safety or renal dysfunction at risk of developing
Data Sheets (MSDS) includes the following: physical hyperkalemia. The transient hyperkalemia related to
and chemical characteristics, fire and explosion massive transfusion appear to be related to the
potential, reactivity potential, health hazards and patient’s acid base balance, ionized calcium levels,
methods for safe handling. and rate of infusion of the packed red blood cells.
166. Urinometer is placed with a SPINNING MOTION. 180. Significant Antibody titer in HDN:
The scale reading is then taken at the BOTTOM OF THE HARMENING
URINE MENISCUS. 4th edition: significant is 32
167. Studies have shown that although everyone who 5th edition: significant is 16 to 32
eats ASPARAGUS produces a urine odor, ONLY certain 6th edition: critical titer is 16 — with Christian
genetically predisposed people can smell the odor. Cammayo and Shy Valbuena.
168. CABBAGE urine odor: METHIONINE MALABSORPTION. 181. BENCHMARKING: individual facility COMPARE ITS
169. The heme portion of MYOGLOBIN IS TOXIC TO RENAL RESULTS WITH THOSE OF ITS PEERS
TUBULES and high concentrations can cause acute 182. MEAN: average value
renal failure. 183. MODE: most frequently occurring value
170. CASTS have tendency to locate NEAR THE EDGES OF 184. MEDIAN: middle value within range
THE COVERSLIP. 185. CONSTANT systematic error - y-intercept
171. ETHYLENE GLYCOL (anti-freeze) poisoning: 186. PROPORTIONAL systematic error - SLOPE
MONOHYDRATE CAOX
187. Fungi (dermatophyte) produces macroconidia that 201. Ethanol and methanol, including Carnoy’s
are large, multicellular, and club-shaped with solution are commonly used fixatives for nucleic
smooth walls: EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM acids.
188. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 96% of tumors 202. MICROWAVE: physical agent similar in mechanism
with CA 19-9 levels >1,000 U/mL are considered to vacuum oven (heat) and agitation to increase
UNRESECTABLE (cannot be removed completely through movement of molecules and accelerate fixation. It is
surgery). also used to accelerate staining, decalcification,
189. Reporting Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction: either immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.
Stimulation Index (SI) or percent relative response * The processing time depends on the thickness and
(%RR) density of the specimen. Reagents used for microwave
190. ASCHOFF BODIES are nodules found in the hearts processing include ethanol, isopropanol and
of individuals with RHEUMATIC FEVER. proprietary mixtures of alcohol, and paraffin.
191. MERCURY: must NOT GO through drain disposal Graded concentration of solutions is not required.
192. FORMALDEHYDE WASTES: can be recycled by Clearing agents are not necessary because the
distillation or by drain disposal, can be detoxified temperature of the final paraffin step facilitates
by commercial product, or can be disposed of by evaporation of the alcohols from the tissue. Xylene
licensed waste hauler. and formalin are not used in this process, which
193. BARR (sex chromatin) BODY or DRUMSTICK: eliminates toxic fumes and carcinogens.
represent the second X chromosome in females and may * Disadvantages of the system include the fact that
be seen in 2 to 3% of neutrophils in FEMALES. The the process is labor intensive because the solutions
number of Barr bodies in a cell is one less than the are manually manipulated, temperatures must be
number of X chromosomes present in a cell. maintained between 70 and 85°C, and the size of
194. DOHLE BODIES: rough endoplasmic reticulum tissue sample is critical (2 mm). Also the cost of
containing RNA and may represent localized failure laboratory-grade microwaves may be prohibitive, and
of the cytoplasm to mature. They are found in proper use of the microwave oven requires careful
infections, poisoning, burns and following calibration and monitoring.
chemotherapy. 203. LAST ALCOHOL BATH FOR DEHYDRATION SHOULD BE
195. CHEDIAK-HIGASHI: granulocytes usually contain PURE ETHANOL. A blue discoloration of COPPER SULFATE
several very large, reddish-purple or greenish-gray crystals will indicate FULL SATURATION WITH WATER.
staining granules in the cytoplasm; in the monocytes Alcohol is then discarded and changed with fresh
and lymphocytes they stain bluish purple and may be solution.
present singly, or there may be several in one cell. 204. Skeletal muscle contains bundles of very long,
These granules represent ABNORMAL LYSOSOMES. multinucleated cells with cross-striations. Their
196. Sickling of the RBCs is maximal at 37C and contraction is quick, forceful, and usually under
decreases as the temperature lowers. voluntary control. STRIATED, VOLUNTARY
197. Platelets on top of the red cell should not be 205. Cardiac muscle also has cross-striations and is
confused with RBC inclusion body. There is generally composed of elongated, often branched cells bound to
a nonstaining halo surrounding the platelet when it one another at structures called intercalated discs
is positioned on top of the RBC. that are unique to cardiac muscle. Contraction is
198. ESR: bubbles and fibrin clots, invalid results involuntary, vigorous, and rhythmic. STRIATED,
199. HYGROMETERS: measure HUMIDITY INVOLUNTARY
200. ALCOHOL FIXATIVE CONCENTRATIONS; 70% to 100% 206. Smooth muscle consists of collections of
because less concentrated solutions will produce fusiform cells that lack striations and have slow,
lysis of cells. involuntary contractions. NONSTRIATED, INVOLUNTARY
207. CASEOUS NECROSIS: cell death produced by the 225. Ig that helps initiate the classical complement
Tubercle Bacillus. In gross state, the necrotic pathway: IgM and IgG
tissue has the appearance of soft, friable CHEESE. 226. Primary immune response: IgM
208. Three (3) major changes that are observed in 227. Highest titer in secondary response: IgG
the NUCLEUS: PYKNOSIS, KARYORRHEXIS (segmentation 228. Immunoglobulin crosslinks mast cells to release
and fragmentation) and KARYOLYSIS (dissolution of histamine: IgE
the nucleus). 229. Substance detected by RPR and VDRL test: REAGIN
209. Four (4) phases or stages of CELL DEGENERATION: 230. Test for HIV infection in infants who are born
CLOUDY SWELLING, FATTY DEGENERATION, CELL DEATH OR to HIV-positive mothers: PCR
NECROSIS and CALCIFICATION. 231. Best indicator of early acute HBV infection:
210. BM aspiration is performed by a physician and HBsAg
may be obtained by: 232. First antibody detected in serum after
* Needle biopsy: most frequently performed method infection with HBV: anti-HBc
* Surgical biopsy 233. Blood products are tested for which virus
* Percutaneous (entering through the skin) TREPINE before being transfused to newborns: CMV
(small object used to remove circular section of 234. Anti-smooth muscle (ASMA) antibodies: chronic
tissue) biopsy (core of bone with accompanying active hepatitis
marrow is obtained) 235. Nuclear matrix protein (NMP-22): urinary
bladder cancer
ISBB HEMATOLOGY
211. Antibody enhanced by ACIDIFYING THE PATIENT 236. Last stage in the erythrocytic series capable
SERUM: anti-M of mitosis: POLYCHROMATOPHILIC NORMOBLAST
212. Most common cause of transfusion reactions: 237. Last nucleated stage in the erythrocytic
CLERICAL ERRORS series: ORTHOCHROMATOPHILIC NORMOBLAST
213. Donor unit SEAL HAS BEEN BROKEN: DISCARD THE 238. Appearance of primary/nonspecific granules:
UNIT PROMYELOCYTE
214. Noticeable clots in RBC unit: DO NOT ISSUE THE 239. Appearance of secondary/specific granules:
UNIT, indication of contamination or bacterial MYELOCYTE
growth 240. Last stage in the granulocytic series capable
215. FIRST STEP in laboratory investigation of of mitosis: MYELOCYTE
transfusion reaction: CHECK FOR CLERICAL ERRORS 241. Youngest cell in the granulocytic series to
216. SAGM, ADSOL shelf life: 42 days NORMALLY appear in peripheral blood: BAND
217. REJUVENATION or red blood cells may be 242. Preferable site for BM aspiration and biopsy in
performed up to 3 days after the red cell expire adult: ILIAC CREST
218. Preparation of leukopoor RBCs: filtering, 243. Miller disc is an ocular device to facilitate
centrifugation and washing counting of: RETICULOCYTES
219. Longest expiration date: FROZEN RBCs 244. Organ that removes erythrocyte inclusions
220. Component of choice for vWD: CRYOPRECIPITATE without destroying the cell: SPLEEN
221. Transfusion of BUFFY COAT IS BEST INDICATED 245. Megaloblastic anemia: MACROCYTIC, NORMOCHROMIC
for: NEWBORNS with severe infections 246. Anemia in sickle cell disease: NORMOCYTIC,
222. Test performed on blood that will be transfused NORMOCHROMIC
to an acidotic or hypoxic infant: HEMOGLOBIN S 247. Iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia:
223. CD marker responsible for E-rosette formation MICROCYTIC, HYPOCHROMIC
between T cells and sheep RBCs: CD2 248. AUTOSPLENECTOMY occurs in SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
224. Joining (J) chain: IgM and secretory IgA 249. PCH: Anti-P, DONATH-LANDSTEINER ANTIBODY
250. Major leukocyte in aplastic anemia: LYMPHOCYTES 276. Orth’s fluid: study of early degenerative
251. BITE CELLS in G6PD deficiency process and tissue necrosis, demonstrates rickettsia
252. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: schistocytes and other bacteria
and nucleated RBCs 277. LEAD FIXATIVES: ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
253. ANTIBIOTIC implicated in aplastic anemia: 278. BOUIN’S: fixation of embryos and pituitary
CHLORAMPHENICOL biopsies
254. Type of anemia in acute leukemia: NORMOCYTIC, 279. Bouin’s is NOT SUITABLE FOR FIXING KIDNEY
NORMOCHROMIC structures, lipid and mucus
255. Hodgkin’s disease: REED-STERNBERG CELLS 280. Glacial acetic acid solidifies at 17C.
256. Myelofibrosis: TEARDROP RBCs SEVENTEEN
257. DIC is most often associated with M3: acute 281. Carnoy’s fluid: CHROMOSOMES, LYMPH GLAND AND
promyelocytic leukemia URGENT BIOPSIES
258. Peripheral smear of patient with MULTIPLE 282. Newcomer’s fluid: fixing of mucopolysaccharides
MYELOMA: ROULEAUX and nuclear proteins
259. Franklin’s disease: GAMMA HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE 283. NITRIC ACID: most common and fastest
260. TRAP: Hairy cell leukemia decalcifying agent
261. CD 10: Common ALL (CALLA) 284. PERENYI’S FLUID: decalcifies and softens
262. PT and APTT result in patient with tissues at the same time
polycythemia: BOTH PROLONGED 285. X-ray or radiological method: most ideal, most
263. PRIMARY INHIBITOR OF FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM: sensitive method for determining the extent of
ALPHA2-ANTIPLASMIN decalcification
264. Lupus anticoagulant is directed against: 286. Embedding medium for electron microscopy: EPON
PHOSPHOLIPID (PLASTIC MEDIUM)
265. ASPIRIN inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE 287. Manual H and E staining: REGRESSIVE STAINING
288. Flotation water bath: 45 to 50C, approximately
HISTOPATH 6-10C lower than the mp of wax
266. Primary importance of FROZEN SECTIONS: RAPID 289. ORCEIN: vegetable dye extracted from LICHENS
DIAGNOSIS 290. IODINE: probably the oldest of all stains
267. 3Fs: FATS/FORMALIN/FROZEN SECTIONS 291. JANUS GREEN: demonstrating MITOCHONDRIA
268. Carbohydrate fixation: ALCOHOLIC FIXATIVES 292. Stain for the basement membrane: PAS,
269. Protein fixation: NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALDEHYDE AZOCARMINE
OR FORMALDEHYDE VAPOR 293. Stain for Helicobacter pylori: TOLUIDINE BLUE,
270. Glycogen fixation: ALCOHOL-BASED such as CRESYL VIOLET ACETATE
Rossman’s fluid or cold absolute alcohol 294. Mountant refractive index should be as close as
271. MERCURIC CHLORIDE: fixative of choice for possible to that of the glass slide which is 1.518
TISSUE PHOTOGRAPHY 295. POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES: most frequently used
272. Zenker’s fluid: LIVER, SPLEEN, CONNECTIVE animal is the RABBIT followed by goat, pig, sheep,
TISSUE FIBERS and NUCLEI horse, guinea pig and others
273. Zenker’s-formol (Helly’s): PITUITARY GLAND, BM, 296. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: MICE
BLOOD-CONTAINING ORGANS SUCH AS SPLEEN AND LIVER CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
274. Heidenhain’s susa solution: TUMOR BIOPSIES 297. In renal tubular acidosis, the pH of urine is:
ESPECIALLY SKIN CONSISTENTLY ALKALINE
275. Regaud’s (Moller’s/Muller’s) fluid: CHROMATIN, 298. Daily loss of protein in urine, normally does
MITOTIC FIGURES, GOLGI BODIES, RBC and colloid- not exceed: 150 mg
containing tissues
299. Renal threshold for glucose is: 160 to 180 269. Protein fixation: NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALDEHYDE
mg/dL OR FORMALDEHYDE VAPOR
300. Hemoglobin differentiated from myoglobin: 270. Glycogen fixation: ALCOHOL-BASED such as
ammonium sulfate (BLONDHEIM’S TEST) Rossman’s fluid or cold absolute alcohol
301. Sternheimer-Malbin stain: CRYSTAL VIOLET AND 271. MERCURIC CHLORIDE: fixative of choice for
SAFRANIN TISSUE PHOTOGRAPHY
302. Pseudocasts: formed by amorphous urates 272. Zenker’s fluid: LIVER, SPLEEN, CONNECTIVE
303. Moderate hematuria and RBC casts: ACUTE TISSUE FIBERS and NUCLEI
GLOMERULOPNEPHRITIS 273. Zenker’s-formol (Helly’s): PITUITARY GLAND, BM,
304. Pyuria with bacterial and WBC casts: BLOOD-CONTAINING ORGANS SUCH AS SPLEEN AND LIVER
PYELONEPHRITIS 274. Heidenhain’s susa solution: TUMOR BIOPSIES
305. Crystals appears in urine as long, thin ESPECIALLY SKIN
hexagonal plate, and is linked to ingestion of large 275. Regaud’s (Moller’s/Muller’s) fluid: CHROMATIN,
amounts of benzoic acid: HIPPURIC ACID MITOTIC FIGURES, GOLGI BODIES, RBC and colloid-
306. Oval fat bodies: lipid-containing RTE cells containing tissues
307. GREATEST PROTEINURIA: NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (Heavy 276. Orth’s fluid: study of early degenerative
Proteinuria >4 g/day) process and tissue necrosis, demonstrates rickettsia
308. Whewellite and weddellite kidney stones: and other bacteria
CALCIUM OXALATE 277. LEAD FIXATIVES: ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
309. Struvite: TRIPLE PHOSPHATE/magnesium ammonium 278. BOUIN’S: fixation of embryos and pituitary
phosphate biopsies
310. Apatite: CALCIUM PHOSPHATE 279. Bouin’s is NOT SUITABLE FOR FIXING KIDNEY
311. Limulus lysate test: Gram negative bacterial structures, lipid and mucus
endotoxin 280. Glacial acetic acid solidifies at 17C.
312. Amoeba in CSF: characteristic pseudopod SEVENTEEN
mobility in WET PREP ON PRE-WARMED SLIDE 281. Carnoy’s fluid: CHROMOSOMES, LYMPH GLAND AND
313. GOUT: uric acid or monosodium urate URGENT BIOPSIES
314. PSEUDOGOUT: calcium pyrophosphate 282. Newcomer’s fluid: fixing of mucopolysaccharides
315. BEST TEST for determining the status of the and nuclear proteins
fetoplacental unit: SERUM FREE ESTRIOL 283. NITRIC ACID: most common and fastest
316. SPERM with SMALL OR ABSENT HEADPIECE: acrosomal decalcifying agent
deficiency 284. PERENYI’S FLUID: decalcifies and softens
317. Most common cause of male infertility: tissues at the same time
VARICOCELE 285. X-ray or radiological method: most ideal, most
318. Stain of choice for SPERM MORPHOLOGY: Pap’s sensitive method for determining the extent of
stain decalcification
319. Stain to determine SEPRM VIABILITY: EOSIN 286. Embedding medium for electron microscopy: EPON
320. Serum GASTRIN levels would be greatest in: (PLASTIC MEDIUM)
ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME 287. Manual H and E staining: REGRESSIVE STAINING
288. Flotation water bath: 45 to 50C, approximately
HISTOPATH 6-10C lower than the mp of wax
266. Primary importance of FROZEN SECTIONS: RAPID 289. ORCEIN: vegetable dye extracted from LICHENS
DIAGNOSIS 290. IODINE: probably the oldest of all stains
267. 3Fs: FATS/FORMALIN/FROZEN SECTIONS 291. JANUS GREEN: demonstrating MITOCHONDRIA
268. Carbohydrate fixation: ALCOHOLIC FIXATIVES
292. Stain for the basement membrane: PAS, 316. SPERM with SMALL OR ABSENT HEADPIECE: acrosomal
AZOCARMINE deficiency
293. Stain for Helicobacter pylori: TOLUIDINE BLUE, 317. Most common cause of male infertility:
CRESYL VIOLET ACETATE VARICOCELE
294. Mountant refractive index should be as close as 318. Stain of choice for SPERM MORPHOLOGY: Pap’s
possible to that of the glass slide which is 1.518 stain
295. POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES: most frequently used 319. Stain to determine SEPRM VIABILITY: EOSIN
animal is the RABBIT followed by goat, pig, sheep, 320. Serum GASTRIN levels would be greatest in:
horse, guinea pig and others ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME
296. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: MICE
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY CM: 4th Edition Strasinger
297. In renal tubular acidosis, the pH of urine is: CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)
CONSISTENTLY ALKALINE 386. Approximately 20 mL of CSF is produced every
298. Daily loss of protein in urine, normally does hour in the choroid plexuses and reabsorbed by the
not exceed: 150 mg arachnoid villi
299. Renal threshold for glucose is: 160 to 180 387. CSF Total volume in adult:
mg/dL 6th edition: 90 to 150 mL
300. Hemoglobin differentiated from myoglobin: 4th edition: 140 to 170 mL
ammonium sulfate (BLONDHEIM’S TEST) 388. Total volume in neonate: 10 to 60 mL
301. Sternheimer-Malbin stain: CRYSTAL VIOLET AND 389. Normal adult CSF 0 to 5 WBCs/uL
SAFRANIN 390. Neonates 0 to 30 WBCs/uL
302. Pseudocasts: formed by amorphous urates 391. Reactive lymphocytes in CSF, viral infections
303. Moderate hematuria and RBC casts: ACUTE 392. Moderately elevated WBC count (less than 50
GLOMERULOPNEPHRITIS WBCs/uL) with increased normal and reactive
304. Pyuria with bacterial and WBC casts: lymphocytes and plasma cells may be indicative of MS
PYELONEPHRITIS or other degenerating neurologic disorders
305. Crystals appears in urine as long, thin 393. Increased eosinophils in CSF: parasitic
hexagonal plate, and is linked to ingestion of large infections, fungal infections primarily COCCIDIOIDES
amounts of benzoic acid: HIPPURIC ACID IMMITIS
306. Oval fat bodies: lipid-containing RTE cells 394. CSF glucose is approximately 60 to 70 percent
307. GREATEST PROTEINURIA: NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (Heavy that of plasma glucose
Proteinuria >4 g/day) 395. Normal CSF protein: 15 to 45 mg/dL
308. Whewellite and weddellite kidney stones: 396. Normal concentration of glutamine in CSF: 8 to
CALCIUM OXALATE 18 mg/dL
309. Struvite: TRIPLE PHOSPHATE/magnesium ammonium
phosphate SEMINAL FLUID
310. Apatite: CALCIUM PHOSPHATE 397. Liquefaction within 30 to 60 minutes
311. Limulus lysate test: Gram negative bacterial 398. Volume 2 to 5 mL
endotoxin 399. pH 7.2 to 8
312. Amoeba in CSF: characteristic pseudopod 400. Sperm morphology: at least 200 sperms should be
mobility in WET PREP ON PRE-WARMED SLIDE evaluated
313. GOUT: uric acid or monosodium urate 401. Sperm viability, eosin-nigrosin stain, counting
314. PSEUDOGOUT: calcium pyrophosphate number of dead cells in 100 sperms
315. BEST TEST for determining the status of the 402. Motility is evaluate in approximately 20 high-
fetoplacental unit: SERUM FREE ESTRIOL power fields
403. Sperm concentration 20 M to 160 M per mL antibiotics in cases of pneumonia. The finding of pH
404. Sperm count ≥ 40 M per ejaculate* as low as 6 indicates esophageal rupture that is
405. Most common dilution is 1:20 prepared using a allowing the influx of gastric fluid
MECHANICAL (positive-displacement) rather than a
Thoma pipette PERITONEAL FLUID
406. Minimum motility of 50% with a rating of 2.0 422. RBC counts GREATER THAN 100,000/uL are
after 1 hour is considered normal indicative of BLUNT TRAUMA INJURIES
407. Fructose ≥ 13 umol per ejaculate 423. Normal WBC counts are less than 500 cells/uL
408. Specimens for fructose should be tested within and the count increases with bacterial peritonitis
2 hours or FROZEN to prevent fructolysis and cirrhosis
409. RAPE, presence of sperm: (1) enhancing specimen 424. CA 125 antigen, source is from OVARIES,
with XYLENE and examining under PHASE MICROSCOPY (2) FALLOPIAN TUBES or ENDOMETRIUM
ACP (3) seminal glycoprotein p30 (prostatic
specific antigen [PSA]), which is present even in FECALYSIS
the absence of sperm (4) ABO, DNA 425. Large intestine is capable of absorbing
410. Motile sperm can be detected for up to 24 hours approximately 3,000 mL of water
after intercourse, whereas nonmotile sperm can 426. Most representative, for fecal fats; 3-day
persist for 3 days. As the sperm die off, only the stool collection
heads remain and may be present for 7 days after 427. Muscle fibers: slide is examined for 5 minutes.
intercourse. Only undigested fibers are counted, and the presence
of more than 10 is reported as increased
SYNOVIAL FLUID 428. Bleeding in excess of 2.5 mL/150 gram of stool
411. Volume less than 3.5 mL is considered pathologically significant
412. Normal: clear and pale yellow 429. Normal stool pH is between 7 and 8
413. Able to form 4 to 6 cm string 430. pH below 5.5 in cases of CARBOHYDRATE DISORDERS
414. Less than 2,000 RBCs/uL
415. Less than 200 WBCs/uL BARBARA BROWN
416. Glucose less than 10 mg/dL lower than the blood COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
glucose 431. SCREENING PROCEDURE that is helpful in the
diagnosis of many diseases, it is one indicator of
SEROUS FLUID: TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES the body’s ability to fight disease, it is used to
417. Most reliable differentiation: Fluid-to-blood MONITOR the effects of drug and radiation therapy,
ratios for protein and LD and it may be employed as an INDICATOR OF PATIENT’S
418. WBC counts greater than 1,000/uL and RBC counts PROGRESS in certain diseased states such as
greater than 100,000/uL are indicative of an exudate infection or anemia.