Lesson Exemplar: Mathematics 9

STANDARDS
Content Standard The learners demonstrate understanding of key concepts of quadratic equations,
inequalities, functions and rational algebraic expressions.
Performance Standard The learner shall be able to investigate thoroughly mathematical relationship in various
situations, formulate real-life problems involving quadratic equations, inequalities and
functions and rational algebraic equations and solve them using a variety of strategies.

OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson the learner shall be able to:
 identify quadratic equations that can be easily solved using extracting the square roots;
 transform and write quadratic equations into the form 𝑥 2 = 𝑘 where 𝑘 is a perfect
square; and
 appreciate the use of quadratic equations in real-life situations.
LC Code: M9AL-Ia-1

SUBJECT MATTER
Topic Solving the Roots of quadratic Equations by Extracting the Square Roots
Instructional Materials Lesson Exemplar
HELM Remedial Module
References Mathematics 9 Teacher’s Guide (pp. 19 - 23)
Project EASE Module (Mathematics II, Module 1, Quadratic Equations, Lesson 4, pp. 16 –
21

LESSON PROPER
I. Activity
Find the value of the following square roots.

1. √16 6. −√289
2. −√25 7. √0.16
3. √49 8. ±√36
16
4. −√64 9. √
25

169
5. √121 10. ±√
256
Based on your answers in the activity above, answer the following questions:
1. How did you find each square root?
2. How many square roots does a number have? Explain your answer.
3. Does a negative number have a square root? Why?

Recall:
The square root of a number is a number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number. For
instance, the square root of 𝟒 is 𝟐 since 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟒. Also remember that a number always has to roots, the
principal root or the positive square root and the negative root. Hence 𝟒 has two square roots +𝟐 (principal
root) and −2 (negative root). The square root of 𝟒 or √𝟒 can also be written as ±𝟐 (read as positive or
negative 𝟐 or plus or minus 2).

Marvin Y. Arce | San Julian – Sta. Maria High School

 Lesson Exemplar: Mathematics 9

II. Analysis and Abstraction

Quadratic equations that can be written in the form 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌 can be solved by applying the following properties:

1. If 𝒌 > 𝟎, then 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌 has two real roots or 𝒙 = ±√𝒌.

2. If 𝒌 = 𝟎, then 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌 has one real root or 𝒙 = 𝟎.
3. If 𝒌 < 𝟎, then 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌 has no real roots.

The process of solving quadratic equations in the form 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌 is called extracting the square roots.

Illustrative Example 1:
Find the roots of 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎.

To solve the quadratic equation using extracting the square root method it must first be written in the form 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌.
In this case, the variable 𝒙𝟐 must be isolated in the right side of the equation. To do this so, the additive inverse of
−𝟏𝟔, which is +𝟏𝟔, must be added on both sides of the equation.

The resulting equation is now in the form 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌. Note that 𝑘 > 0 which means that the roots of 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 are
two real numbers. To determine this, extract the square root of both sides of the equation.

To check, substitute the values of the roots in 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎.

When 𝒙 = 𝟒 When 𝒙 = −𝟒

Both values of 𝑥 satisfy the given equation. So, 𝑥 2 − 16 = 0 is true when 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑥 = −4. Thus, the roots of the
equation are 4 and −4.

Illustrative Example 2:
Find the root/s of 𝟒𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎.

The equation is already in the form 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌 so the square roots of both sides can be directly extracted.

Marvin Y. Arce | San Julian – Sta. Maria High School

 Lesson Exemplar: Mathematics 9

Divide both sides of the resulting equation by 2 to determine the value 𝑥.

To check, substitute the values of the roots to the original equation.

When 𝒙 = 𝟓 When 𝒙 = −𝟓

Both values of 𝑥 satisfy the given equation. Thus 4𝑥 2 = 100 is true when 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑥 = −5. Therefore, the roots of
the quadratic equation are 5 and −5.

Illustrative Example 3:
Determine the roots of 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎 by extracting the square roots.

Write the equation into the form 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒌. Do this by adding 𝟒𝟖 on both sides of the equation.

Simplify the equation by dividing both sides by 3 to isolate 𝑥 2 then extract the square roots of both sides.

Check to determine if the values of 𝑥 will satisfy the equation 3𝑥 2 − 48 = 0.

When 𝒙 = 𝟒 When 𝒙 = −𝟒

Since the values of 𝑥 satisfy the equation the roots of 3𝑥 2 − 48 = 0 are 4 and −4.

Illustrative Example 4:
Find the roots of (𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎 using extracting the square roots.

Marvin Y. Arce | San Julian – Sta. Maria High School

 Lesson Exemplar: Mathematics 9

Transform the equation into the form 𝑥 2 = 𝑘.

In this example treat the expression inside the grouping symbol (𝑥 − 4) as a single quantity so we can directly extract
the square root of both sides of the equation.

Add 4 on both sides of the equation to solve for 𝑥.

The equation will result into two values of 𝑥. Solve each separately.

For For

Check the values of 𝑥 to determine if it will satisfy the original equation.

When 𝑥 = 9 When 𝑥 = −1

Since the values of 𝑥 satisfy the equation, the roots of (𝑥 − 4)2 − 25 = 0 are 9 and −1.

Illustrative Example 5:
Find the roots of 3(𝑥 + 7)2 = 108

The equation is already in the form 𝑥 2 = 𝑘, however the coefficient 3 and 108 are irrational numbers. I this example
divide both sides by 3 to simplify the equation.

Marvin Y. Arce | San Julian – Sta. Maria High School

 Lesson Exemplar: Mathematics 9

Extract the square roots of both sides of the equation then solve for 𝑥.

Solve for the two values of 𝑥 base on the equation above.

For For

The values of 𝑥 are −1 and −13. Use these values to check if they will satisfy the equation 3(𝑥 + 7)2 = 108.

When 𝑥 = −1 When 𝑥 = −13

Since the values of 𝑥 satisfy the equation, the roots of 3(𝑥 + 7)2 = 108 are −1 and −13.

III. Assessment
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by extracting the square root method.

1. 𝑥 2 − 49 = 0 6. (𝑥 + 2)2 − 49 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 = 169 7. (𝑥 − 6)2 − 64 = 0
3. 25𝑥 2 − 36 = 0 8. (𝑥 + 3)2 = 32
4. 3𝑥 2 − 243 = 0 9. (𝑥 + 6)2 − 4 = 0
5. 5𝑥 2 − 125 = 0 10. (𝑥 − 9)2 − 81 = 0

IV. Assignment
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by extracting the square roots.

1. 2(𝑥 − 3)2 − 8 = 0
2. 3(𝑥 + 9)2 = 363
3. 5(𝑥 − 1)2 − 20 = 0
4. (2𝑥 − 3)2 − 225 = 0
5. 9(𝑥 + 3)2 − 36 = 0

Extend
Watch the video on this link if you want to learn more about the topic:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAEaJbdThaQ

Marvin Y. Arce | San Julian – Sta. Maria High School