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PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy is an axe.
Everything you believe is questionable .
How deeply have you questioned it? The
uncritical acceptance of belief s handed
down to you by your parents, teachers,
politicians and religious leaders is
dangerous. Many of this beliefs are simply
false. Some of them are lies, designed to
control you. Even when what has been
handed down is true, it is not your truth. To
merely accept anything without questioning
it is to be somebody else’s puppet, a
second-hand person.
Beliefs can be handed down. Knowledge can perhaps
be handed down. Wisdom can never be handed
down. The goal of philosophy is wisdom. Trying to
hand down philosophy is unphilosophical.
means:
1. What’s what?
2. What’s good?
Socrates says :
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What does it mean then to wonder?
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“ Philosophy is for those who are willing to be
disturbed with a creative disturbance……
Philosophy is for those who still have the
capacity to WONDER….”
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“ Philosopher can be best described as one who
loves truth in its deepest meaning. This is in
keeping with the literal meaning of the word
“Philosophy” as love of wisdom.
The study of Philosophy is a continual encounter, a
dialogue carried on in search of truth wherever it
maybe found. Philosophy can be termed as an
inquiry which seeks to encompass the whole of
reality by understanding its most basic causes and
principle in so far as these are acceptable to
reason and experience. It is characterized as
‘beginning in wonder and ends in mystery”.
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3 BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
For this reason, the discipline of philosophy
has , over the centuries, come to be divided
into three main branches:
1. Metaphysics: The philosophical study of
reality (What’s what?)
a. Ontology (being or reality in general)
b. Philosophical Cosmology (cosmos)
c. Philosophical Theology (Philosophy of
Religion) (God)
d. Philosophical Anthropology (Human nature
and Human Existence)
2. Axiology: The Philosophical study of value
(What’s Good?)
a. Aesthetic (Philosophy of Art )
b. Ethics (Moral Philosophy)
c. Social and Political Philosophy
3 (PROVEN)
3 (Not Proven)
KNOWLEDGE
How do we use the word “know” in English?
In the ordinary use of English we use the word
“know” in many different ways:
It is very important in philosophy to be clear
about exactly how we are using the word.
Roughly speaking the three correct ways
to use it are:
1. Knowledge by acquaintance
2. Knowledge how to do something
3. Knowledge that something is the case.
1. Knowledge by acquaintance
Example:
Your swimming teacher might say “Do you
know the butterfly stroke?”, meaning can
you actually do it? He means “Do you know
ho to do the butterfly stroke?”
Knowing that