Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
GROUP VI
TBC disease can affect anyone (old, young, male, female, poor, or rich) and
anywhere. Each year, Indonesia increases by a quarter million new cases of TBC and
about 140,000 deaths occur annually due to tuberculosis. In fact, Indonesia is the third
largest country with TBC problems in the world. TBC prevalence surveys conducted in
six provinces in 1983-1993 showed that the prevalence of TB in Indonesia ranged from
0.2 to 0.65%. Meanwhile, according to the WHO TBC Control report released by
WHO in 2004, the incidence of TBC in 2002 reached 555,000 cases (256 cases /
100,000 inhabitants), and 46% of them were thought to be new cases.
A. Primary Infection
Primary infection occurs when a person is first exposed to TBC germs. Sputum
sputter is inhaled very small in size, so it can pass through the mucosilierbronkus
defense system, and keep walking until it reaches the alveoli and settles there.
Infection begins when TBC germs successfully multiply by splitting in the lungs,
resulting in inflammation in the lungs. Lymph channels will carry TBC germs to the
lymph glands around the lung hilum and this is called the primary complex. The time
between infection to formation of the primary complex is about 4-6 weeks.
3. Transmission of TBC
That's why TBC infection can infect almost all the organs of the body such as:
lungs, brain, kidneys, digestive tract, bone, lymph nodes, etc., however the body
organs most often affected are the lungs. When Mikobakterium tuberkulosa
successfully infect the lungs, it will soon grow a colony of bacteria in the form of
globular (round). Usually through a series of immunological reactions these TBC
bacteria will try to be inhibited through the formation of walls around the bacteria by
lung cells.
The mechanism of wall formation that makes the surrounding tissue into scar
tissue and TBC bacteria will be a dormant (rest). These dormant forms are actually
seen as tubercles in the examination of photorontgens
4. Symptoms of TBC
Symptoms of TBC disease can be divided into 2, namely the common symptoms
and specific symptoms that arise in accordance with the organs involved. Clinical
features are not particularly characteristic, especially in new cases, making it difficult
to diagnose clinically.
The fever is not too high that lasts longer, usually felt at night with night sweats.
2. Special Symptoms
c. When the bone, there will be symptoms such as bone infection that at one time
can form a channel and empties into the skin above it, the estuary will discharge t
he pus.
d. In children can affect the brain (the layer of the brain wrap) and referred to as
meningitis (symptoms of brain membrane), the symptoms are high fever, the
presence of decreased awareness and convulsions
b. Prevent death.
c. Prevent recurrence.
a) When coughing should cover his mouth, and if coughing for more than 3
weeks, feeling pain in the chest and difficulty breathing immediately brought to
the health center or to the hospital.
c) Throwing spit in a closed place, and if the saliva mixed with blood
immediately brought kepuskesmas or to the hospital.
d) Washing the cutlery and drink until clean after use by the patient.
6. Treatment of TBC
1. Type of Drug
Isoniasid
Rifampicin
Pyasinamide
Streptomycin
2. Drug Factor
TBC drugs are given in the form of a combination of several types, in sufficient
quantities and the right dose for 6-8 months, can all germs can be killed. Dose
intensive stage and advanced dosage, it is up on an empty stomach. If you want a
drug that is not used adequately, TBC germs will develop into immune germs. TBC
treatment is given in 2 phases:
a) Intensive stage
In the intensive stage the patient gets the drug (taking medicine) every day for 2 - 3
months.
b) Advance stage
Some of the side effects that may arise from taking TBC drugs vary from mild to
severe. A mild side effect can be a change in urine color to redness caused by
rifampicin.
Other side effects can be joint pain, no appetite, nausea, tingling and burning in
the liver, itching and redness in the skin disorders balance to yellow (jaundice). If the
patient feels these things, the patient should immediately consult a doctor to obtain
further, go further. In some cases treatment may last up to eight months.