International trade Thương mại quốc tế and services across national borders Sending goods to another country for Exporting Xuất khẩu sale or trade Bringing in goods from another Importing Nhập khẩu country for sale or trade Trade theory holding that nations should acumulate financial wealth, Mercantilism Chủ nghĩa trọng thương usually in the form of gold, by encouraging exports and discouraging imports Ability of a nation to produce a good more efficiently Absolute advantage Lợi thế tuyệt đối If a country can produce something more than cheaply than anywhere else in the world Comparative Inability of a nation to produce Lợi thế so sánh advantage Factor proportions Lý thuyết tỷ lệ - nhân tố theory Term of trade Điều kiện thương mại The balance of trade Các cân thương mại The difference between the money value of s country’s visible imports and The balance of Cán cân thanh toán exports. payment Adding trade in services to trade in goods gives you... Tài khoản vãng lai/Tài Current account khoản hiện hành Capital account Tài sản vốn Financial account Tài sản tài chính Imposing trade barriers in order to Protectionism Chủ nghĩa bảo hộ restric imports. Quantitative limits on the import of Quota Hạn ngạch particular products or commodities An import quota Hạn ngạch nhập khẩu Taxes charged on imports A tariff Thuế nhập khẩu Unlike quotas, tariff produc revenue for the government The (impossible) situstion in which a Autarky Tự cung tự cấp country is completely self-sufficient and has no foreign trade Surplus Thặng dư A positive balance of payments A country exporting more than it import has a trade surplus Deficit Thâm hụt A negative balance of payments Selling goods abroad at (or below) cost Dumping Bán phá giá price Invisible imports and Trade in services (banking, insurance, Xuất/Nhập khẩu vô hình exports tourism, and so on) Visible trade (GB) or Trade in goods merchandise trade Xuất/Nhập khẩu hữu hình (US) Barter or counter Direct exchange of goods, without the Mậu dịch đối lưu trade use of money Inputs (raw materials, chep or skilled Factors of production Yếu tố sản xuất (đầu vào) labor, capital,etc) Specialization of work into different Division of labor Phân công lao động jobs Saving in unit costs arising from large- scale production Economies of scale Kinh tế quy mô When two companies merge they have greater...than as saparate companies Tự do hóa Liberalize Free trade Thương mại tự do In the maturity phase of product life Stabilize Ổn định cycle, sales growth slows and ... Subsidize Trợ cấp Multinational companies usually have Subsidiaries Công ty con ... in different countries Infant industry Ngành CN non trẻ Freight Vận chuyển hàng hóa UNIT 4: PAYMENT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE Open account Phương thức ghi sổ L/C Thư tín dụng Method of finacing overseas trade Documentary L/C Thư tín dụng chứng từ Revocable L/C Thư tín dụng hủy ngang Thư tín dụng không hủy Irrevocable L/C ngang Deferred payment Thư tín dụng trả dần L/C Red clause L/C Thư tín dụng chuyển Transferable L/C nhượng Revolving L/C Thư tín dụng tuần hoàn Back to back L/C Thư tín dụng giáp lưng Standby L/C Thư tín dụng dự phòng Advised L/C Ngân hàng Confirmed L/C An arrangement by which a customer can withdraw more from a bank Over draft Vay thấu chi account than has been deposited in it up to an agreed limit; interest on the debt is calculated daily A draft that has been drawn to be Usance draft (Time Hối phiếu kỳ hạn payable after a specific number of draft) days Banker’s acceptance Ngân hàng chấp nhận Bill of collection Hối phiếu nhờ thu To pay a fixed sum of money on Bill of exchange Hối phiếu demand or on a specificed date A document that shows details of goods being transported, it entitles the reciever to collect the goods on arrival Bill of lading Vận đơn đường biển Among other things, a bill of lading contains details of the goods, their destination and the name of ship carrying them Bank that issues a L/C (the importer Issuing bank Ngân hàng phát hành bank) Bank receives payments of bills, for Collection bank their customer’s account (the exporter bank) Bank that confirms they will pay the Confirming bank Ngân hàng xác nhận exporter on evidence of shipment of goods Payment by bill of exchange to which Clean collection Hối phiếu sạch documents are not attached Document allowing someone to Document of title Chứng từ quyền sở hữu claim ownership of goods Documentary Payment by bill of exchange to which Hối phiếu kèm chứng từ collection commercial documents are attached Advance payment Tiền tạm ứng List of goods sold as a request for Invoice Hóa đơn payment If the importer ... the bill, the exporter Dishonour Không trung thực may have to find an alternative buyer or ship the goods back again In some parts of the world, banks may Remit Gửi tiền be slow to remit payment to the exporter's bank Shareholders Cổ đông A company’s owners The value of raw materials, work in Inventory Hàng tổn kho process, and finished product stored ready for sale Adding new and different products or Diversifying Đa dạng services When a company’s top executives Management buyout Mua thôn tính buy the company they work for Maturity date Ngày tháng đáo hạn The date at which a loan will be repair Some companies prefer to grow M&A Mua bán và sát nhập organically but it is quicker to grow by... UNIT 5: MARKETING Remarketing Tiếp thị lại Involves revitalizing falling demand (liên quan đến việc phục hồi nhu cầu giảm) Synchromarketing Involves altering the times pattern of irregular demand (Liên quan đến việc thay đổi mô hình thời gian của nhu cầu không thường xuyên) Countermarketing Is the attemp to destroy unwholesome demand for products that are considered undesirable Points of sale Điểm bán hàng Places where goods are sold to the public-shops, stores, kioshks, markey, stalls Multinational strategy Chiến lược đa quốc gia A strategy of adapting products and their marketing strategies in each national market that suit local preferences Global strategy Chiến lược toàn cầu Strategy of offering the same products using same marketing strategy in all national markets Promoting TV comercials, advertisements and endorsements are all means of promoting goods The clasical product life cycle is introduce, growth, maturity and decline Operating all over the world while taking account of local cultural habits, beliefs and preferences in each country or market means glocalization In the Introduction stage of product life cycle, the product is promoted to create awareness The first step of the procedure for documentary collection, the exporter task is to ask his bank to draw a bill of exchange on the overseas buyer. Đề giai đoạn trước: PART I: 1. Unlike quotas, tariffs produce revenue for the government. 2. Adding trade in services to goods gives you the balance of payment. 3. Ships’cargoes are covered by insurance policies. 4. The best form of advertising is free word of mouth... 5. Remarketing involves revitalizing... 6. Name recognition for arbitration PART II: FPI FDI Gainpart or all of ‘equity’, of an Buying house’s Method foreign company debentures Seeking profit from Aim Controlling or sharing control investment Long-term commitment or Liquidate the investment Liquidity cannot withdraw the capital any time easily Limitation Limit up (higher than FDI) Limit down of capital