Seat Belts

Nowadays, the police have been applying the new regulation concerning the use of seat belts. In European
countries, this regulation has been applied for a long time. However, this new regulation has become controversial
and is an interesting topic to discuss. Here are some of the arguments.
The use of seat belts has been proven to reduce the risk of injury or death in an accident. Seat belt has become a
standard component in cars. The research shows that most car accident will cause an injury to the head. Frequently,
drivers or the passengers driving without seat belts die because of this. By wearing the seat belts, the injury will not
happen since belts restrain our body on the car seat when the accident happens.
Unfortunately, many cars, especially the old ones, don’t have seat belts. This is because the traffic conditions in the
past were unlike the recent traffic conditions. The designer of old cars didn’t consider a seat belt as an important
part. Besides, the drivers wearing the seat belt will think that they are completely safe, so they may drive
carelessly. They are safe, indeed, but how about safety of others?
The seat belt is only one of the ways to reduce the risk of car accidents. It doesn’t mean that we are completely
safe. In short, our safety depends on ourselves.
1. Which one is true according to paragraph 3?
(A) old cars do not use seat belts (B) the old cars have seat belts for their safety
(C) the drivers wearing seat belts may drive carefully
(D) the traffic conditions in the past were similar to the recent
(E) the old cars’ designer considered a seat belt as an important part
2. What is the function of seat belts?
(A) to reduce the traffic conditions (B) to become a standard component in cars
(C) to reduce the risk of injury or death in an accident (D) to prevent the drivers driving cars carefully
(E) to increase the risk of injury in car accidents
3. Who considered a seat belt as an unimportant part?
(A) police (B) people (C) drivers (D) passengers (E) old cars designers
4. “… that they are completely safe.” (Paragraph 3)
What does the word ‘they’ refer to?
(A) cars (B) seat belts (C) drivers (D) designers (E) others

Use of Formalin and Other Additives in Foods

The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been serious problem for three reasons. Firstly,
formalin is not for human beings, but it is for biological specimens and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10%
solution of formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens.
Thus, it is not for food preservatives. Of course when it is used for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to
human’s body.
The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This condition makes the people’s health is
really in a threat. When the control is weak and the use formalin was spread wide all over the Indonesian regions,
and these days it has really happened, the citizen's bodies will be badly contaminated with the poisons. Fish or food
traders still sell their products which contain formalin and dangerous preservatives. Can you imagine that our
digestive system absorbs the substance that should be for the human and animal corpses?
Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin and other preservatives is really a
serious problem if it is not resolved immediately.
5. Why is formalin dangerous for human`s body?
A. It is not food preservatives. B. It is a disinfectant for human beings.
C. It is used to preserve biological specimens. D. It is 10% solution of formaldehyde in water.
E. It is controlled flighty from the government.
6. The main idea of paragraph 2 is ....
A. the human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
B. the government has not controlled the use of formalin firmly.
C. the weak control of using formalin is not threatening the human
D. the human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
E. the use of formalin is known all over the regions
7. Based on the facts above, the writer suggest that ...
A. people have to avoid consuming formalin in their food
B. the use of formal dehyde is necessary to control the food
C. people should add 100% solution of formaldehyde in water
D. the food preservative is required to make the food delicious
E. food seller is supposed to pour formalin for vegetables and food products
 Dust Bin
To improve comfort and cleanliness at our school, a number of dust bins should be increased.
When we look at classrooms, school corridors and school yard, there are paper mineral water cups, straws, and
napkins here and there. The condition of uncleanliness and discomfort really hinders learning and teaching
environment. Litters thrown carelessly cause disease, especially empty plastic cup or glasses. They can be filled
out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for dengue mosquitoes to spread out. Besides, these
rubbish can deteriorate the scene. Well painted wall and green school yard do not mean anything litters are
scattered everywhere.
Anyway I notice that most of the students in our school have responsibilities for the school environment. They put
their litters on the proper places. But some are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of dust
binds in our schools are not enough. Ore dust bins should be put beside each of steps, outside of the classrooms,
and some more also the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to
throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, we do not have problems of freak and discomfort any more.
Our school will be very clean and become a nice place to study.

8. What is the writer’s intention? To ….. readers to do something good.

a. inform b. Explain c. Describe d. Entertain e. persuade

9. According to the writer, more dust bins….. in every ten meters.

a. should be decorated b. should be painted c. should be placed
d. are unnecessary e. are not required

10. What is the writer’s argument on a sufficient number of dust bins?

a. They can prevent litters b. They can save janitor’s energy
c. Students are asked to clean them d. They make school environment neat
e. Students can throw garbage away easily

11. What is the writer’s suggestion?

a. To buy more dustbins b. To hire more gardeners
c. To use dustbins efficiently d. To ask parents to give more dustbins
e. To ask students to clean the school yard

Integrated Pest Management

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many
problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.
Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs
the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.
Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger ones have to be
developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and
environment as well.
So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied
carefully so that they don't affect the ecological balance and environment.
Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.

12. Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?

A. Plants B. Ecology C. Animals. D. Environment. E. Human Beings
13. What can you say about paragraph two and four?
A. The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.
B. Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.
C. Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm products.
D. The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph four.
E. The second paragraph tells about the effects of using pesticides on animals mentioned in paragraph four.
14. One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is …
A. killing fish and bees. B. increasing crops productivity.
C. creating balanced ecosystem. D. causing the pests to become inactive
E. helping reduce pollutants in the environment.
15. Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. (paragraph 3)
The word resistant in the sentence above means …
A. weak B. Fragile C. Damage D. Unaffected E. unbalanced
Antibiotic is a drug produced by certain microbes. Antibiotics destroy other microbes that damage human tissues.
They are used to treat a wide variety of diseases, including gonorrhea, tonsillitis, and tuberculosis.
Antibiotics are sometimes called “Wonder drugs” because they can cure diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia,
and scarlet fever. But, when the antibiotics are overused or misused, these drugs make a person sensitive being
attacked by a superbug.
Antibiotics do not always distinguish between harmless and dangerous microbes. If a drug destroys too many
harmless microorganism, the pathogenic ones (the dangerous microbes) will have a greater chance to multiply.
This situation often leads to the development of a new infection called suprainfection.
Extensive use of some antibiotics may damage organs and tissues. For example, streptomycin, which is used to
treat tuberculosis, has caused kidney damage and deafness.
Resistance to antibiotics may be ecquired by pathogenic microbes. The resistant microbes transfer genetic material
to non-resistant microbes and cause them to become resistant. During antibiotic treatment, non-resistant microbes
are destroyed, but resistant types survive and multiply.
To avoid the side effect of antibiotics, you’d better not urge your doctor to prescribe antibiotics. Keep in mind that
antibiotics are only useful for bacterial infections and have no effect on viruses, so they cannot be used for chicken
pox, measles, and other viral diseases.
16. Which diseases cannot be cured by antibiotics?
A. Tonsillitis B. Meningitis C. Chicken pox D. Tuberculosis E. Scarlet fever

17. What are discussed in paragraph two and four?

A. Both paragraphs describe how antibiotics work
B. Both paragraphs tell about the effects of misusing antibiotics
C. Both paragraphs explain how antibiotics damage organs and tissues
D. Paragraph two tells what causes the pathogenic microbes multiply and paragraph four tells how the un-
resistant microbes become resistant
E. Paragraph two tells how antibiotics destroy harmless microbes and paragraph four describes how the
pathogenic microbes transfer genetic material to non-resistant microbes

18. Choose one from the following which is not the effect of using antibiotics improperly?
A. Organs and tissues are damaged B. The pathogenic microbes multiply
C. Harmless microorganisms are destroyed D. Pathogenic microbes become nonresistant
E. New infection which is called suprainfention develops

19. “Antibiotics do not always distinguish between harmless and dangerous microbes.”(paragraph 2)
The underlined word means ....
A. Vary B. Compare C. Correlate D. Contradict E. Differentiate

Apartments Offer Practical Living

The number of high-rise apartment buildings continues to mushroom not only in the center of the city but also in
suburban areas. This shows that many Indonesian enjoy living in apartments. This is true for a number of reasons.
In the first place, people prefer to live in an apartment because it is located near strategic areas. They can save time
and energy as they don’t have to experience terrible traffic jam.
In addition, they enjoy the new life style because an apartment offers comfort and privacy so they don’t have to
worry about the city’s high crime rate as most apartments have 24-hour security systems.
Moreover, people now enjoy practicality and this is reflected in the design of their place. Living rooms become
smaller and a veranda is no longer considered an important part of the house.
From the facts above, it is clear that apartments offer practical living which thus make them mustrooming.
20. According to paragraph two, what does an apartment offer?
A. Comfort B. Security C. Practicality D. Privacy E. Safety
21. It can be inferred from the text that ....
A. Many Indonesian people right now enjoy living in a small house
B. Practicality means security
C. People prefer living in an apartment because it is located near office areas
D. Living in an apartment creates practical lifestyle
E. Secure life style is mostly preferred now
22. “The number of high-rise apartment buildings continues to mushroom not only in the center.... “ (Paragraph
1) The underlined word is closest meaning to....
A. Increase B. Enhance C. Boost D. Intensify E. Raise

The Dangers of Typing SMS while Driving

The popularity of mobile devices has had some dangerous consequences. We know that mobile communications
are linked to a significant increase in distracted driving which results in injury and loss of life.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that in 2010 driver distraction was the cause of 18
percent of all fatal crashes with 3,092 people killed and crashes resulting in an injury 416,000 people wounded.

The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute found that text messaging creates a crash risk 23 times worse than
driving while not distracted.

Eleven percent of drivers aged 18 to 20 who were involved in an automobile accident and survived admitted they
were sending or receiving texts when they crashed. Distracted driving endangers life and property and the current
levels of injury and loss are unacceptable.

23. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The warning of texting and driving. B. The debatable issue of texting and driving.
C. The involvement of mobile devices while driving. D. The risks of texting while driving.
E. The consequences of not paying attention traffic.

24. What does the passage tell us about the writer's opinion on the issue at hand?
A. Text messaging creates more risk than undistracted driving.
B. Mobile communication doesn't have relation with accident.
C. Many people lost their live because of injury.
D. Distracted driving is still safe for the drivers.
E. Only adult drivers involved in the accident.

25. From the text, we know that ...

A. The mobile phone should be banned in the street.
B. Distracted driving makes accident more rarely to happen.
C. Most of the accident caused by the condition of the road.
D. 18 percent of fatal crashes were caused by unnoticed street signs.
E. Drivers involved in car accidents admitted they were texting when they crashed.

26. Distracted driving endangers life ... it is not an acceptable action

A. As B. If C. So D. And E. Yet