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LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF SYMBOLS v
ABSTRACT vii
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 FLY ASH 1
1.2.1 APPLICATION OF FLY ASH IN 3
CONCRETE
1.3 EGG SHELL POWDER 4
1.3.1 PREPARATION OF EGG SHELL 4
POWDER
1.3.2 APPLICATION OF EGG SHELL 7
POWDER IN CONCRETE
1.4 OBJECTIVE 7
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Review 8
2.2 Summary 10
3. METHODOLOGY 11
4. TESTING OF MATERIALS
4.1 CEMENT 12
1
4.1.1 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT 13
4.1.2 CONSISTENCY TEST ON CEMENT 14
4.1.3 SETTING TIME OF CEMENT 16
4.1.3.1 INITIAL SETTING TIME 16
4.1.3.2 FINAL SETTING TIME 17
4.1.4 FINENESS TEST 17
4.2 PARTIAL REPLACED CEMENT 18
4.2.1 DETERMINATION OF FINENESS 18
MODULUS
4.3 COARSE AGGREGATE 19
4.3.1 DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC 20
GRAVITY OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE
4.3.2 SIEVE ANALYSIS OF THE COARSE 21
AGGREGATE
4.3.3 IMPACT VALUE TEST 23
4.3.4 CRUSHING STRENGTH 24
4.4 FINE AGGREGATE 26
4.4.1 DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC 26
GRAVITY OF THE FINE AGGREGATE
4.4.2 SIEVE ANALYSIS OF THE FINE
AGGREGATE
5. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
5.1 MIX DESIGN 29
5.1.1 DESIGN STIPULATION 30
5.1.2 MIX CALCULATION 30
2
5.2 MIX DESIGN FOR CUBE 31
5.3 MIX DESIGN FOR PRISM 33
6. PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN
9. REFERENCES 61
3
LIST OF TABLES
shell powder
TESTING OF MATERIALS
CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE
on 7th day
on 14th day
on 28th day
4
7.4 Flexural strength of conventional concrete 44
on 7th day
on 14th day
on 28th day
on 7th day
on 14th day
on 28th day
on 7th day
on 14th day
5
7.15 Compressive strength for three cubes tested 52
on 28th day
on 7th day
on 14th day
on 28th day
6
LIST OF FIGURES
4.1 Cement 12
6.3 Demoulding 38
6.4 Curing 39
7
7.1 Compressive strength of conventional concrete 43
vs. no of days
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
FA Fine Aggregate
CA Coarse Aggregate
IS Indian Standard
Lit Litre
M Meter
mm Millimeter
Kg Kilogram
wt Weight
gm Gram
KN Kilo Newton
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ABSTRACT
The main aim is to make the use of egg shell powder from poultry and the use
of fly ash from the thermal power plant as a partial replacement of cement for the
low cost construction. The experimental study is an attempt to find the optimum
usage of fly ash and egg shell powder in the normal concrete by partially replacing
the cement (10%, 20%, and 30%) by weight various proportions.
The tests are conducted on concrete cubes to study the compressive strength.
The tests are conducted for testing the strength of concrete cubes in 7 days, 14 days
and 28 days.
The tests are conducted on concrete prisms to study the flexural strength. The
tests are conducted for finding the flexural strength of the concrete in 7 days, 14
days and 28 days.
The suitable volume of fly ash and egg shell powder are added and the
strength of the concrete are evaluated.
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