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Youth
Wilfred Owen
Compound word. This contrasts This simile is used to give the Rhetorical
with the rest of the aural imagery audience the sense of the questions used to
used in S1 - the noises of horror soldiers’ deaths being begin both stanzas
juxtaposed against this pleasant, indiscriminate & numerous.
but meaningless, sound.
Anaphora - the
repetition of “only”
What passing-bells for these who die as cattle?
stresses the nature of Consonance links these 2 words, building the contrast
their deaths. It is the between home and the front lines.
‘answer’ to the Only the monstrous anger of the guns.
rhetorical question.
Reinforces what the Alliteration to emulate the sound of
Personification relentless gunfire. Deliberately heavy &
soldiers get (horrid
sounds of warfare Only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattleobvious,
instead of pleasant calling to mind
“passing-bells”). Builds Consonance creates a stuttering line that the hail of
the sense of inevitability brings to life the jarring rhythm of gunfire. bullets faced.
of their deaths. Can patter out their hasty orisons.
Personification, alliteration Enjambment A sense Consonance creates a
and onomatopoeia allows line 3 to of speed stressful building of
combine as methods to linger on the is created sounds, as if the line
make war seem more terrifying sounds by the itself is building in
brutal, violent and cruel. of gunfire. rhythm. anger.
Negative connotations Makes the stance on Cesura makes this line
are stressed by the remembrance rituals explicitly a little slower and
alliterative repeated use clear. Rather than paying tribute, mournful, juxtaposes
of ‘no’ and ‘nor’. Linked they’re more of an insult - they are with the brutal
to the “now”, ie, there is so far from the realities of warfare. depictions earlier in S1
no more ‘now’ for them.
No mockeries now for them; no prayers nor bells,
Consonance & internal rhyme is deliberately Comma and dash creates pauses which
tuneful, keeping with choir imagery. stress that no funeral rites can be given.