PRACTICAL EXAM #9 – ALKALOIDS

Pyridine-Piperidine Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Areca Areca catechu Arecaceae Areca nut/ Bunga Dried ripe seed Arecoline (liquid) Antihelminthic – taenicide
Betel nut/palm Guvacine Masticatory
Pomegranate Punica granatum Punicaceae Grenadier, Granada Dried bark of stem Pelletierine Antihelminthic
Cartagenian apple and roots (liquid) For hemorrhoids

Tropane Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Belladonna Atropa belladonna Solanaceae Deadly nightshade Dried leaf and Atropine Antimuscarinic/
flowering/ fruiting Hyoscyamine parasympatholytic
tops Scopoletin Antispasmodic
Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus niger Solanaceae Henbane Dried leaf with or Scopolamine For urinary tract spasms
Stinking Nightshade without stem (hyoscine) Antivertigo
Flowering/ fruiting
tops
Stramonium Datura stramonium Solanaceae Jimson weed Dried leaf and Hyoscyamine Antiasthma cigarettes
Jamestown weed flowering/ fruiting Hyoscine Disorders of ANS
Thornapple tops with branches (scopolamine) Can cause hallucinations/
euphoria
Talumpunay Datura alba Solanaceae Katsobong Dried leaves, Hyoscyamine Antiasthma cigarettes
D. metel Talongpunay flowers, seeds, Hyoscine Antispasmodic
D. fastuosa Thornampple fruits Atropine

Quinoline Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Dita Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Tagitan Dried bark Ditaine Effective substitute for quinine
Dalipaoen Ditamine Antipyretic
Equitine
Cinchona Cinchona succiruba Rubiaceae Red cinchona Dried bark of stem Quinine Antimalarial
C. calisaya Yellow cinchona or root Quinidine Prophylaxis of cardiac
arrhythmias/ atrial fibrillation

Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Hydrastis Hydrastis canadensis Ranunculaceae Golden seal Dried rhizome and Hydrastine Astringent for inflammation
Orange root roots Beberine Uterine hemorrhage
Canadine Used locally in GUI
Ipecac Cephaelis acuminata Rubiaceae Cartegena/ Panama Dried rhizome and Cephaeline Emetic
C. ipecacuanha ipecac roots Emetine For amoebic dysentery
Rio/ Brazilian Ipecac Psychotrine

Indole Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Nux vomica Strychnos nux-vomica Loganiaceae Quaker/ dog button Dried ripe seed Strychnine Formerly used as circulator
Poison nut Brucine stimulant, rat poison
Loganin Respiratory stimulant
Barbiturate antidote
Ignatia Strychnos ignatii Loganiaceae St. Ignatius bean/ Dried ripe seed Strychnine Same use as nux vomica/ Do
poison nut Brucine not substitute
Catbalogan Used in poison arrows
Ergot Claviceps purpurea Clavicipitaceae Spurred rye Dried sclerotium of Clavine Used in labor to assist
Secale cereal Poaceae Cockspur rye fungus on rye plant Ergometrine delivery, reduce post-partum
Rye smut Ergotamine hemorrhage
Calabar bean Physostigma Fabaceae Ordeal Bean Dried ripe seeds Physostigmine Miotic
venenosum Physostigma Calabatine Reverses effect of sedatives
Physovenine For Alzheimer’s

R. J. Raynes 1
Imidazole Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Pilocarpus Pilocarpous jaborandi Rutaceae Jaborandi Dried leaflets Pilocarpine Antidote for atropine
P. microphyllus ibiratay Pilocarpidine poisoning
P. pinnatifolius Arauda brava Miosis

Steroidal Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Veratrum Veratrum viride Liliaceae American/ Green Dried rhizome and Cevadine Hypotensive, cardiac depressant,
viride Hellebore roots Pseudojervine sedative
Tickleweed Germine
Aconite Acontium napellus Ranunculaceae Monkshood Dried tuberous root Aconitine Potent, quick-acting poison
Wolfshane root Neoline Hypotensive
Soldier’s cap Formerly used in liniment for
migraine, headache

Alkaloidal Amines
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Colchicum Colchicum Liliaceae Autumn crocus Dried ripe seeds Colchicine Anti-miotic
autumnale Meadow saffron and corms Antigout
Naked lady

Xanthine Alkaloids
Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses
Coffee Coffea arabica Rubiaceae Café Dried ripe seeds Caffeine Dietetic, stimulant
C. liberica Coffee bean/ seed Trigonelline Diuretic
Caffeol (aroma) Treatment of CNS depressants
Kola Kola nitida Sterculiaceae Bitchy/ Bissy nut Dried cotyledon Caffeine Stimulant in fatigue
Kola nut Theobromine ingredient in carbonated
Kolatannin beverages
Mild chronotropic
Cacao Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae Chocolate Dried ripe seed Theobromine Weak stimulant, potent diuretic
Cocoa bean Caffeine Smooth muscle relaxant,
antioxidant
Tea Camellia sinensis Theaceae Tsha Prepared leaves Caffeine Stimulant
Thea and leaf buds Theophylline Astringent antioxidant
Theobromine

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