Father Saturnino Urios University

Teacher Education program

Butuan City

A Detailed Lesson Plan

in Teaching Mathematics X

Submitted By: Submitted to:

Jonnah Mariz G. Nacar Mr. Al C. Betantos

Student – Teacher Cooperating Teacher

Dr. Arlyn M. Floreta

Supervising Instructor
 A Detailed Lesson Plan
In Mathematics X

I. Learning Content
Permutation

Reference: Esparrago, Mirla S. et. al. Next Century Mathematics. Grade 10. Permutation.
Phoenix Publishing House Inc. Quezon City. pp 389 – 401.

II. Learning Objectives

At the end of one hour, the students will be able to:

a. Illustrate the permutations of objects

b. Derives the formula for finding the number of permutations of n objects take r at a time
c. Affirm one’s choice for a simple life
d. Solves problem involving permutation

III. Learning Materials

Visual Aid

IV. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities

Before we start our class, everybody please stand for a

prayer. Frank please lead the prayer.

(prayer)
Good morning class.

Good morning ma’am

Before anything else please arrange your chairs and
make your surrounding clean.

(arranging chairs and making surrounding clean)

How are you today?

We’re fine, Ma’am!

Is anyone absent?

No one Ma’am!
That’s good to hear. Now please settle down for we are
about to start our new lesson.

Remember to always listen, participate and enjoy.

Understood?
Yes Ma’am!
 B. Lesson Proper

a. Introduction

Motivation

Before we proceed to our lesson proper, I have here an

activity for you to work on. I am going to divide the class
into 4 groups. Are you ready?
Yes Ma’am!

In this activity, I will give each group a 4-digit number.

What I want you to do is to create a 4 – digit password
and list it all in a whole sheet of paper.
After creating a 4 – digit password, I have here in the
board a cellphone that needs to be unlocked. What you
are going to do is to guess or input the correct password
for it to open.
Say for example, Liam forgot his cellphone unlock code.
Help him remember the code with the following hints:
Clues:
 Password is made up of 4 characters
 All characters are letters
 Letters of the code are all found in his name.
 The first letter as he remembers, starts with letter
M.
As soon as each group receive the numbers, start listing
all the possible codes you can create. Clues are given as
your guide in decoding the password.
From the created passwords choose one which you think
is the correct password and input it to unlock the
cellphone. Choose someone from your group who’ll write
the code. Did you understand?
Yes ma’am!
Okay good. I will give you 5 tries to unlock the cellphone.
You may now start writing down the possible passwords.
CLUES
 nd
My 2 digit is twice the difference of a number and 1 is 4, I
am that number.
 My 3rd digit is twice my last digit.
 My last digit has the smallest value in our counting numbers.
 If you add the 2nd and 3rd digit I am your 1st digit.
WHAT IS MY CODE?
Thank you everyone. Later we will check if the numbers
you input are correct.
(after every group has written their answer)

So, group 1, from the given 4 – digit number how many

possible passwords you created?
Okay Ma’am!

How about you here in the other group did you created
the same number of passwords as the group 1 did?
 We created 24 passwords Ma’am!

Very good everyone! There are exactly 24 4 – digit

password that can be created from the numbers I gave
you.
Yes Ma’am! We also created 24 4 – digit password.

So how did you come up with all those passwords? Yes

Ella?

Yes, very good, thank you Ella. In order for you to create
a 4 – digit password you arranged the given number,
right?
We arranged the numbers Ma’am!

So, let’s try to check if your answers are correct.

Very good! All 4 group got the correct password. So, the Yes Ma’am!
activity that we had has something to do with our topic for
today. Our lesson for today is all about the arrangements
or orders of certain object in which we call permutation.

b. Interaction

Discussion
From the activity that we had what do you think is
permutation? Yes Mae?

Very good! Thank you, Mae. Any other idea? Yes Jay? Ma’am permutation involves arrangement of objects.

Yes, thank you Jay. Good answer.

Permutation is all about orders or combination
Ma’am.
From what you have said, permutations refer to an
arrangement of objects in a definitive order. It is also
called an “arrangement number or order”.
Say for example, what are the possible arrangement of 3
objects when placed in a row?
Let’s say those three objects are represented by the
letters A, B and C, so how many possible ways can it be
arranged? Let me give you one possible arrangement.
Arrangement ACB. Now who can give me another one?
Yes Liam?

Yes, very good Liam. Thank you. Another? Yes Dion?

BCA Ma’am!

Okay very good. What else? Jerome?

CBA Ma’am!

Yes, very good. Is there more? Yes matt?

 BAC Ma’am!

Very good. Is there more arrangement?

CAB Ma’am!

So, there are exactly 6 possible ways to rearranged the 3

letters.
No more Ma’am!
To list it all again here are the arrangements mentioned:

ABC BCA CBA

ACB BAC CAB

So, what if there are more objects to be rearranged or

reorder? Such as rearranging numbers 0 – 9? Do you
think it is easy to list all the possible ways?
No Ma’am!

Yes, that’s right it would take too long for us to list all
possible arrangements. So instead of listing it all,
permutations have an easier way of finding solution to it.
Are you ready to listen how it is done? Yes Ma’am!

Okay now there are several rules in permutations. Let us

discuss the 1st rule in permutations.
1st Rule: can everybody read rule number 1 please.
Rule 1: Linear Permutation
The n – factorial (n!)
The number of permutations of n objects arranged at
the same time.

Thank you, class. Now factorial of n denoted by n! is

calculated by the products of integer numbers from 1 to n,
where n > 0 or just simply n! = (n) (n – 1) (n – 2) (n – 3) …
(3)(2)(1). We can apply n! for any distinct objects,
meaning objects differ from each other. So, from my
example a while ago in which 3 objects are to be
rearranged, can you remember how many ways we
rearranged it? Yes Miel?
6 Ma’am!

Very good! Thank you Miel. Yes 6 arrangements it is.

Okay using the formula of Rule 1 we can derived an
answer. Let us identify what is our n first. Gian what is our
n? 3 Ma’am!

Yes, that’s correct. after identifying the n what’s the next

step? So, from the formula, we have? Yes Carol?
n=3
n! = 3  2 1
n! = 6

Okay nice answer. Thank you.

Another example. How about 8 distinct objects arrange in
a row? Frank? Please indicate what is our n and solve in
the board.
n=8
8! = 8  7  6  5  4  3  2 1
8 = 40320
Thank you, Frank, you see it is easier to know how many
possible ways we can arrange distinct objects using the
factorial formula. Did you understand about the 1st rule?
Yes Ma’am!

So, let’s proceed to the 2nd rule of permutations.

Kindly read, everyone?
Rule 2: Permutation without repetition
The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a
time without repetition where r < n.
n!
P (n, r) =
(n  r )!
Thank you! This permutation rule is denoted in many
ways.
P (n, r) nPr P  
n
r
n refers to the number of objects while our r refers to how
many ways can we fill or arrange the objects. Always
remember that r < n.

Say for example how many ways can 6 students be

seated from a groufie if only 4 seats are available?
Anyone willing to answer the problem? Yes Joshua.
Indicate what is our n and r and solve in the board.
n = 6 and r = 4
6!
P (6,4) =
(6  4)!
6!
P (6,4) =
2!
720
P (6,4) =
2
P (6,4) = 360

Do you think Joshua’s answer is correct?

Yes Ma’am!

Very good! Thank you, Joshua, you may now take your
seat. From Joshua’s solution in how many ways can we
arrange 6 students in a groufie with only 4 seats
available? 360 ways Ma’am!
Yes, very good! It is read as 6 students taken 4 at a time
has 360 possible arrangements. Understood?
Yes Ma’am!

Now how about if numbers or letters are repeated? Say

for example the word BOOK. Okay Josh try to list the
number of possible ways we can rearrange the word
BOOK.
BOOK BOKO BKOO
OOKB OKOB KOOB
OKBO KOBO OOBK
KBOO OBOK OBKO

Thank you, Josh. Now class have you notice something

from what Josh has listed?
We expected to have 24 results but some are
repeated and resulting to only 12 arrangements.

That’s correct. As what you have notice some

arrangements are repeated therefore when there is
already repetition of letters we will use another formula.
Unlike in the 2nd rule wherein objects are distinct here on
the 3rd rule, objects can be repeated. Thus, I introduce to
you the 3rd rule of permutation. Everybody please read.

Rule 3: Permutation with Repetition

Permutation of n things not all different or the number
of permutations of n objects of which p are alike, q is
alike r are alike and so on given by:
n!
p !q !r !...
Thank you, class. This rule as what I have told you earlier
involves object that are repeated. So, the p, q, r or any
letters represented in the denominator are the objects of
any given example. So, from the example given what
object is repeated?
The letter O Ma’am!

That’s right! Thank you Mae.

So, in the 3rd rule we must identify first the objects in the
given example the word book has how many objects?
4 Ma’am!

That’s right the next thing we do is to list each individual

object. How many are B?
There is only one B ma’am!

Yes, what other objects are there?

2 O’s and only 1 K Ma’am!
Very good. since we already identified the objects let us
try to find the number of ways we can rearrange the letter
of the word by using the 3rd rule of permutations formula.
Shall I call on Jessa to answer please. Indicate the
objects okay.
n = 4; B = 1; O = 2; K = 1

n! 4!
= = 12
p ! q ! r ! 1!2!1!

Thank you, Jessa. Again, we cannot use the 2 nd rule of

permutation when there is object repetition instead we will
use?
The 3rd rule Ma’am!

Very good! you seem to understand about the 3rd rule.

I will give you another example.

In how many ways can 5 blue balls, 3 red balls and 2
yellow ball be arranged in a row? Again, you have to
identify our n in the problem.
So, what is our n? Matt?
10 Ma’am!

Yes, we only have to count the total number of objects

since they are all the same. Group the balls that has the
same color and count them. Now we want to know how
many ways can we arrange the balls. So, we are going to
use the formula of the 3rd rule. Anyone want to try? Yes
Frank. Identify the objects first before solving. Others
please also solve while on your seats.
n = 10; Blue = 5; Red = 3; Yellow = 2
10!
= 2520
5!3!2!

Do you have the same answer as Frank’s?

Yes Ma’am!
Okay very good Frank’s answer is correct.

How about the word PAPAYA? Yes Pia? Identify each

object first. The rest please answer as well.
n = 6; P = 2; A = 3; Y = 1
6!
= 60
2!3!1!
Very good! you seem to already get the idea of the 3rd
rule of permutations.

Now if you notice, we have been arranging and ordering

objects in a linear manner. How about if we arrange
objects in a circular manner? Do you think the manner of
solving id still the same with linear? No Ma’am!

Alright now say for example 3 people are sitting around a

circular table. List the possible ways on how we can
rearrange these 3 people. You can try by representing
them as A, B and C and by drawing it. Then compare the
result to linear permutation.
Got it? Yes Ma’am!

So, what are the result? Mae can you write it on the
board?

Alright thank you Mae. How about the linear permutation?

Who can list it? Yes Jay. ABC BAC CBA
ACB BCA CAB

Okay thank you Jay. So, there are how many

arrangements are there in circular permutation? 6 ways Ma’am!

And how about in linear permutation? Also 6 ways Ma’am!

Alright now, what you answered about linear permutation

is correct however in circular permutation there are only 2
arrangements. Do you have any idea why? No Ma’am!

Alright this follows the introduction of our 4th and last rule
of permutations. Everyone please read. Rule 4: Circular Permutation
The number of permutations of n distinct objects
arranged in a circle, given by:
(n – 1)!

Okay thank you everyone. In circular permutation we are

dealing with circular arrangements. Objects are then
arranged in circular manner not like the other rule which
we had just discussed that are linearly arranged. Say for
example, we would like to find out how many ways can a
family of 8 be seated or arranged around the circular
table? So, let us indicate our n first, what is our n? Jessa? 8 Ma’am!
Yes, that’s right. So, following the formula who can solve
in the board? Yes Joshua.
(n – 1)! = (8 -1)!
= 7!
= 5040

Good job. Now here’s another example. In how many

ways can we arrange 10 trees around a circular garden?
Yes, Liam answer on the board and indicate our n. n = 10
(n -1)! = (10 – 1)!
= 9!
=362880

Very good Liam. Now that you already understand about

circular permutation, how is it different from linear
permutation? anyone? Matt? They differ in arrangement Ma’am!

Okay thank you Matt. Any other explanation? Jessa?

In linear Ma’am they are arranged in a row while in
circular they are arranged in a circular manner.

Alright thank you Jessa. Yes, what you said is somewhat

true about the two permutations. So, the main difference
of circular and linear permutation is that in circular
permutation there is no fix starting and end point unlike in
linear permutation we know which point or object is first
and last.
So, going back to the example I gave you about 3 people
sitting around the table, arrangements ABC, CAB, and
BCA is just the same. Any idea why? Because they were just rotated Ma’am not stating
which one is first and last in the order.

Great! That’s correct. so, you already know what are the
concepts and the rules of permutations. Any more
questions or clarifications about our topic?
No more Ma’am!

That’s good to hear.

Generalization

Now that you already know the rules of permutation and

what it is all about, what do you think are the uses of
permutation in our life?
We can use permutations in creating passwords or
pin codes Ma’am!

Yes, that’s good. What else? we can use permutation in creating passwords pin
number for our ATM cards, cellphones or maybe to
our houses lock that avoids us from burglars
Yes, that’s right another? It can also help us think through that there are many
possible options or things that could happen in our
life. So, we should not give up and to always try
harder Ma’am

Yes, that’s good to hear that somehow you do understand

the importance and application of permutation in our daily
life. Good job class.

c. Integration

Since everybody already understand our topic which is

permutation I am going to give a you group activity. I will
group you into four and in each group, I will give a
problem involving permutation. You are going to choose
one from your group who will present and explain the
group’s answer. And after it we will check all your
answers. Am I clear? Yes Ma’am!

Okay now in explaining your answers do not forget to

state what rule of permutation you used, okay? Okay Ma’am!

G1. In how many ways can the letters/ word EMAIL be

arranged? How many starts with letter A? explain.

G2. In how many ways can we arranged in a row the

letters/ word CONDENSED? Show your correct solution.

G3. How many 3-digit numbers can be written from digits

5,6,7,8 and what rule of permutation did you used? List all
the possible outcome.

G4. In how many ways can you arrange the 4 chairs in a

circular table? Give an illustration to your answer.
G1. Using rule 1 – linear permutation, we have 5
distinct objects therefore the word EMAIL can be
arranged in 5! = 120 ways. So how many starts with
letter A, we can solve it by assigning the first letter
with A.
A_ _ _ _, since we only have four letters blanks
available to be fill we use rule 1 again thus 4! = 24.
There are 24 possible arrangement that starts with
letter A.

G2. Since CONDENSED is a 9 – letter word with

repeated letters we used rule 3.
C=1 N=2 E=2 O=1 D=2 S=1
Thus, we solve it by
9!
= 45360
1!1!2!2!2!1!
 Therefore, there are 45360 ways in arranging the
letters of the word CONDENSED.

G3. We used the rule 2 to answer the question

because we take 4 numbers 3 at a time,
4! 4!
P (4,3) = = = 24
(4  3)! 1!
There are 24 3 – digit numbers that can be formed
using numbers 5,6,7 and 8
567 678 785 856
568 675 786 857
576 685 756 867
578 687 758 865
586 657 768 875
587 658 765 876

G4.

Good job everyone. I guess you understand fully our

discussion about permutations.

Evaluation
Now everybody please return to your proper seats and
get ½ sheet of paper for a short quiz.
Direction: list down all the permutation of the following
objects.
1. Four letter M, A, T, H taken 2 at a time.
2. Four numbers 1, 0, 8, 9 taken 3 at a time.
3. Show how many ways can the word
MATHEMATICS be arranged?

If you’re done you can pass your paper.

Assignment
Direction: in a ½ sheet of paper solve the problem.
1. How many different signals, each consisting 10
flags hung in a vertical line can be formed from 4
red flags, 3 blue flags, and 3 green flags.

Pass it next meeting.

Goodbye class!

Goodbye Ma’am!