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THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

SEMESTER 2, 2010

MAST10009/620-158 ACCELERATED MATHEMATICS 2

Exam duration — Three hours


Reading time — 15 minutes

This paper has 6 pages, including this cover sheet.

Instructions to Invigilators:

Initially, students are to receive a 14 page script book. Many students


may require an additional book to complete the examination.

Students may take the examination paper with them at the end of the
examination.

Authorized Materials:

No calculators, computers or mobile phones are permitted.

No written or printed material may be brought into the examination


room.

Instructions to Students:

The total number of marks on the examination paper is 140.

Marks for individual questions are shown.

You should attempt all questions.

This paper may be reproduced and lodged with the Baillieu Library.

Page 1 of 6
Question 1 (30 marks)

(a) Calculate the following limits, if they exist.


−2x11 + 3x5 − 7
(i) lim .
x→∞ 5x11 − 4x + 1
√ 
(ii) lim e2x − ex − ex .
x→∞
 
1
(iii) lim x sin .
x→0 x
(Explain your reasoning, referring to appropriate limit laws or other
standard results.)

(b) Consider the function

x2 + bx + c if x ≤ 1

f (x) = .
6 arctan x if x > 1

Find a relation between the constants b and c so that the function f is


continuous for all x ∈ R. Justify your answer.

(c) Let x ∈ [0, 1]. For all n ∈ N let fn (x) = 1/(1 + x)n .

(i) Find the function f defined on [0, 1] by f (x) = lim fn (x).


n→∞

(ii) Does the sequence of functions {fn } converge uniformly to the


function f on [0, 1]?

(Explain your reasoning clearly, but –δ or –N proofs are not required.)

(d) (i) State the Intermediate Value Theorem.


(ii) A real-valued function f is continuous on [0, 1], and f (0) = f (1).
Prove that there exists c ∈ [0, 1/2] such that f (c) = f (c + 1/2).

Page 2 of 6
Question 2 (25 marks)

(a) (i) Using the exponential definition of the hyperbolic functions, prove
that:
sinh 3x = 4 sinh3 x + 3 sinh x.
(ii) Prove that:

arccosh x = log(x + x2 − 1) for x ≥ 1.

(iii) Determine the exact value of sinh(arccosh 2).

(b) Evaluate the following indefinite integrals:


Z
10
(i) dx.
(x − 3)(x2 + 1)
Z
(ii) arctan x dx.
Z
(iii) e−2x cos 3x dx.

Question 3 (10 marks)


Explain which (if any) of the following exist as improper Riemann integrals.
Justify your answer in each case by reference to relevant theorems or by other
appropriate rigorous arguments.
Z 4 Z ∞ 3 Z ∞
dx x dx x dx
(a) √ , (b) 4
, (c) .
0 x −∞ x + 1 0 ex − 1

Page 3 of 6
Question 4 (25 marks)

(a) (i) State the Ratio Test for infinite series.


(ii) Apply the Ratio Test to the series

X 1
p .
n=2 n(n − 1)

What conclusion can you draw?

(b) Use an appropriate test to determine whether the series



X 1
p
n=2 n(n − 1)

converges or diverges.

(c) Explain clearly what is meant by the terms “absolutely convergent”


and “conditionally convergent”. Does the series

X (−1)n−1
n=1
1 + (log n)2

converge absolutely or conditionally? Explain your reasoning clearly.

(d) (i) State the Integral Test for infinite series.


(ii) Determine whether the series

X 1
n=2
n log n

converges or diverges.

Page 4 of 6
Question 5 (20 marks)

(a) (i) State Taylor’s Theorem with Lagrange’s Remainder.


(ii) Show that if x > 0 then

x x2 √ x
1+ − < 1+x<1+ .
2 8 2

(iii) Hence find an approximate value for 1.2.

(b) (i) State the Mean Value Theorem.


(ii) Hence or otherwise prove that ex ≥ 1 + x for all x ∈ R.

Question 6 (10 marks)

(a) Determine the solution of the following initial value problem:

dy
− 4y = e4x cosh2 3x with y(0) = 1.
dx

(b) Where x 6= 0, consider the differential equation

dy
x3 = x3 + 3x2 y + xy 2 . (1)
dx
y
Make the substitution u = and show that equation (1) reduces to
x
du
x = 1 + 2u + u2 . (2)
dx
Solve equation (2) for u(x) and hence write down the solution y(x) for
equation (1).

Page 5 of 6
Question 7 (10 marks)

(a) Find the general solution of the differential equation:

y 00 + 2y 0 + y = 5x.

(b) Consider the differential equation

y 00 − y 0 = 2 + ex .

What function would you guess for the trial particular solution? Briefly,
explain your choice. You are not required to find the particular solution.

Question 8 (10 marks)

An electric circuit consists of a resistor with a resistance of R ohms, a ca-


pacitor with a capacitance of C farads and an inductor with an inductance
of L henry connected in series with a voltage source of V cos ωt volts.

(a) Using Kirchhoff’s voltage law, show that the charge Q coulombs on the
capacitor at time t seconds satisfies the ordinary differential equation

d2 Q dQ V
2
+ 2α + ω02 Q = cos ωt,
dt dt L
where the constants α and ω0 are related in an appropriate way to the
parameters R, C and L.

(b) Find a particular solution of the ordinary differential equation for the
case ω 6= ω0 and comment briefly on the behaviour of this solution at
fixed t as ω → ω0 .

This is the end of the examination

Page 6 of 6

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