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MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1 Version 2

Tutorial 8: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

1. Let  
3 0 −1
A= 0 2 0 
2 0 0

(a) By calculating Av, verify that the vector v = (1, 0, 1) is an eigenvector of A.


(b) Explain why (1, 0, 0) is not an eigenvector of A.

2. Consider the matrices:


 
4 −2 −1
   
1 1
2 4 2 −3  
(a) A =  (b) B =  (c) C =  −2 4 −1 
    

1 3 0 2  
2 4
−1 −1 1
For each of these matrices, answer the following questions:

(i) Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors for the matrix.
(ii) Is the matrix diagonalisable? Why or why not?
(iii) If the matrix, M , is diagonalisable write down a diagonal matrix D and a change of basis matrix P
such that
D = P −1 M P.

(iv) Check that P D = M P .

NOTE: Keep a record of your answers for (a) as you will need these later.

3. For the matrix A in Q2(a) compute Ak where k ≥ 1 is an integer.


What happens to Ak as k approaches infinity?

4. Use the definition of eigenvalues and eigenvectors and geometric arguments to write down the eigenvalues
and eigenspaces of the following linear transformations. (You do not need to find the matrices for the
transformations.)

(a) P : R3 → R3 where P is the orthogonal projection onto the plane x + y + z = 0.


(b) R : R3 → R3 where R is the reflection across the plane x + y + z = 0.

5. Consider the vector space C ∞ of functions f : R → R for which the n-th derivative exists for all n ∈ N.
Show that sin kx and cos kx are eigenvectors of the linear transformation T : C ∞ → C ∞ where T (f ) = f 00 ,
and find the corresponding eigenvalues.

6. Use the Cayley-Hamilton theorem to find the inverse of the matrix


 
6 0 1
A =  3 −2 0  .
−8 0 −3

7. Prove that if λ is an eigenvalue of the square matrix A, then λn is an eigenvalue of the matrix An for all
positive integers n. (Hint: use induction.)

Mathematics and Statistics 1 University of Melbourne

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