Subhash Kak

Selected Papers on History, Astronomy, Vedas

Linguistics, Sanskrit & Computer Science

1. S. Kak, 1987. The Paninian approach to natural language processing, Int. Journal of
Approximate Reasoning, vol. 1, 117-130.
2. S. Bhate and S. Kak, 1993. Panini's grammar and computer science, ABORI, vol. 72,
1993, pp. 79-94.
3. S. Kak, 1994. On the classification of Indic languages, Annals of the Bhandarkar
Oriental Research Institute, vol. 75, 1994, pp. 185-195.
4. S. Kak, 1996. Indic language families and Indo-European. Yavanika. no. 6, 1996, pp.
51-64.

Ancient Astronomy
1. S. Kak, 1987. On astronomy in ancient India, Indian Journal of History of Science, vol.
22, pp. 205-221.
2. S. Kak, 1992. Astronomy in the Vedic altars and the Rgveda, Mankind Quarterly, vol.
33, pp. 43-55.
3. D. Frawley and S. Kak, 1992. Further observations on the Rigvedic code, Mankind
Quarterly, vol. 33, pp. 163-170.
4. S. Kak, 1993. Astronomy in Satapatha Brahmana, Indian Journal of History of
Science, vol 28, pp. 15-34.
5. S. Kak, 1993. Astronomy of the Vedic altars, Vistas in Astronomy, vol. 36, pp. 117-
140.
6. S. Kak, 1993. Planetary periods from the Rigvedic code, Mankind Quarterly, vol. 33,
pp. 433-442.
7. S. Kak, 1994/5. The Astronomical Code of the Rigveda, Puratattva: Bulletin of the
Indian Archaeological Society, Number 25, 1-20.
8. S. Kak, 1994. The Astronomical Code of the Rigveda, Current Science, vol. 66, pp.
323-326.
9. S. Kak, 1995. The astronomy of the age of geometric altars. Quarterly Journal of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 36, pp. 385-396.
10. S. Kak, 1996. Knowledge of planets in the third millennium BC. Quarterly Journal of
the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 37, pp. 709-715.
11. S. Kak, 1998. The orbit of the sun in the Brahmanas. IJHS, vol. 33, pp. 175-191.
12. S. Kak, 2000. Astronomy and its role in Vedic culture. Chapter 23 in Science and
Civilization in India, Vol. 1, The Dawn of Indian Civilization, Part 1, edited by G.C.
Pande, ICPR/Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New Delhi, pp. 507-524.
13. G. Millar and S. Kak, 1999. A Brahmanic fire altar explains a solar equation in Angkor
Wat. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. vol. 93, 1999, pp. 216-220.
14. S. Kak, 2000. Birth and Early Development of Indian Astronomy. In a book on
"Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy", Helaine Selin
(editor), Kluwer Academic, Boston, 2000, pp. 303-340.
15. S. Kak, 2001. The development of astronomy from Vedanga Jyotisa to
Aryabhata. Chapter in Science and Civilization in India, Vol. 1, Part 2, Life, Thought
and Culture in India, edited by G.C. Pande,
ICPR/Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New Delhi, pp. 866-885.

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 16. S. Kak, 2003. Babylonian and Indian Astronomy. Physics Archive, Jan 2003, also in
"The Golden Chain" G.C. Pande (editor), 2005. arXiv:physics/0301078
17. S. Kak, 2003. Greek and Indian Cosmology: Review of Early History. History of
Science, Philosophy & Culture in Indian Civilization, vol. 1, part 4 (A Golden Chain,
G.C. Pande, ed.), pp. 871-894, 2005. arXiv:physics/0303001

Archaeoastronomy and Archaeology

1. S. Kak, 1987. On chronology of ancient India, Indian Journal of History of Science,
vol. 22, pp. 222-234.
2. S. Kak, 1992. The Indus tradition and the Indo-Aryans. Mankind Quarterly, vol. 32,
pp. 195-213.
3. S. Kak, 1992. The Indus Mandala and the Indo-Aryans, In New Trends in Indian Art
and Archaeology ---Dr S.R. Rao's 70th Birthday Felicitation Volume, B.U. Nayak and
N.C. Ghosh (Editors), Aditya Prakashan, Delhi, pp. 141-154.
4. S. Kak, 1997. Archaeoastronomy and literature. Current Science, vol. 73, No. 7, 10
October 1997, pp. 624-627.
5. S. Kak, 1999. The solar equation in Angkor Wat. Indian Journal of History of Science,
vol. 34, 1999, pp. 117-126.
6. S. Kak, 2009. Time, Space and Structure in Ancient India. Conference on Sindhu-
Sarasvati Valley Civilization: A Reappraisal, Loyola Marymount University, Los
Angeles, February 21 & 22. arXiv:0903.3252
7. S. Kak, 2002. Time, space, and astronomy in Angkor Wat. In Science and Civilization
in Ancient India, vol2, G.C. Pande (ed.). Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New
Delhi.
8. S. Kak, 2010. Archaeoastronomy in India. An essay written for the International
Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). An abridged version appeared as a
chapter titled “India” on pages 101-110 in the book “Heritage Sites of Astronomy
and Archaeoastronomy in the context of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: A
Thematic Study” edited by Clive Ruggles and Michel Cotte that was published jointly
by the International Council on M Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the
International Astronomical Union (IAU), Paris arXiv:1002.4513
9. S. Kak, 2010. Visions of the cosmos: Archaeoastronomy in Ancient India. J. of
Cosmology, Vol. 9, pp. 2063-2077.
http://journalofcosmology.com/AncientAstronomy103.html

Art, Music
1. S. Kak, 2001. Mind, immortality, and art. Chapter in Mind, Man and Mask, edited by
S.C. Malik, Aryan International, Delhi, 2001, pp. 16-27.
2. S. Kak, 2001. The idea of 22 shrutis. Sandhan, vol. 1, pp. 69-79.
3. S. Kak, 1999. Indic ideas in the Graeco-Roman world. Indian Historical Review.
4. S. Kak, 2002. The Indian epic song tradition. The 7th International Conference and
Festival of Asian Music. Busan, Korea.
5. S. Kak, 2003. Early Indian music. In "A Search in Asia for a New Theory of Music,"
Jose S. Buenconsejo (editor), Center for Ethnomusicology, Univ of Philippines, 2003;
pages 59-76.
6. S. Kak, 2004. Ritual, masks, and sacrifice. Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences,
Volume 11, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla.
7. S. Kak, 2005. Early art and architecture. Migration and Diffusion, vol 6, pp. 6-27.

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 8. S. Kak, 2006. Art and Cosmology in India. Patanjali Lecture, Univ of Massachusetts,
Dartmouth, May 5. Also here: http://www.sutrajournal.com/art-and-cosmology-in-
india-by-subhash-kak

Temple evolution and architecture

1. S. Kak, 2002. Time, space, and astronomy in Angkor Wat. In Science and Civilization
in Ancient India, vol2, G.C. Pande (ed.). Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New
Delhi.
2. S. Kak, 2002. Space and cosmology in the temple. Vaastu Kaushal, International
Symposium on Science and Technology in Ancient Indian Monuments. New Delhi,
Nov 16-17.
3. S. Kak, 2005. The axis and the perimeter of the temple. In book titled Sangama.
4. S. Kak, 2011. In Manju Shree (ed.) From Beyond The Eastern Horizon: Essays In
Honour Of Professor Lokesh Chandra. Aditya Prakashan, Delhi.
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/prambanan_chapter.pdf

Vedic studies
1. S. Kak, 1993. The structure of the Ṛgveda, Indian Journal of History of Science, vol.
28, pp. 71-79.
2. S. Kak, 1995. From Vedic science to Vedanta. The Adyar Library Bulletin, vol. 59, pp.
1-36.
3. S. Kak, 1996. Vena, Veda, Venus. Adyar Library Bulletin, vol. 60, pp. 229-239; Also in
IJHS, vol 33, 1998, pp. 25-30.
4. S. Kak, 1997/8. Vaisnava metaphysics or a science of consciousness. Prachya
Pratibha, vol. 19, pp. 113-141.
5. S. Kak, 1999. The Speed of Light and Puranic Cosmology. Annals Bhandarkar
Oriental Research Institute, vol. 80, pp. 113-123.
6. S. Kak, 2000. The gods within: on the Vedic understanding of mind and
neuroscience, The Adyar Library Bulletin, vol. 64, pp. 7-55.
7. S. Kak, 2000. A chronological framework for Indian culture. Journal of the Indian
Council of Philosophical Research. 2000, pp. 1-24.
8. S. Kak, 2003. The Vedic Religion in pre-Zoroastrian Iran. The Adyar Library Bulletin,
vol. 67, pp. 47-63.
9. S. Kak, 2004. The Vedic Gods of Japan. Brahmavidyā: The Adyar Library Bulletin.
http://www.ece.lsu.edu/kak/VedicJapan.pdf

History of science and mathematics

1. S. Kak, 1986. The roots of science in India, India International Centre Quarterly vol.
13, pp. 181-196.
2. S. Kak, 1986. Computational Aspects of the Aryabhata Algorithm. IJHS, vol. 21, pp.
62-71.
3. S. Kak, 1988. The lotus and the rainbow, India Intl. Centre Quarterly, vol. 15, No. 3,
pp. 9-20.
4. S. Kak, 1988. The Aryabhata cipher, Cryptologia, vol. 12, pp. 113-117
5. S. Kak, 1989. The Brahmagupta algorithm for square rooting, Ganita Bharati, vol 11,
pp. 27-29.
6. S. Kak, 1989. Some early codes and ciphers, Indian J. History of Science, vol. 24, pp.
1-7.

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 7. S. Kak, 1991. The controversy of the honey bee dance language, Mankind Quarterly,
vol. 31, pp. 357-365.
8. S. Kak, 1997. Three old Indian values of pi. IJHS. vol 32, 307-314.
9. S. Kak, 1997. Science in ancient India. In S. Sridhar and N. Mattoo (eds.), Ananya: A
Portrait of India, AIA: New York, pp. 399-420.
10. S. Kak, 2000. History of Science in India. Grolier Encyclopaedia.
11. S. Kak, 2000. yamatarajabhanasalagam, an interesting combinatoric sutra. Indian
Journal of History of Science, vol. 35, pp. 123-127.
12. S. Kak, 2000. Indian binary numbers and the Katapayadi notation. Annals of the
BORI, vol. 81, pp. 269-272.
13. S. Kak, 2001. Physical concepts in Samkhya and Vaisesika. Chapter in Science and
Civilization in India, Vol. 1, Part 2, Life, Thought and Culture in India (from c 600 BC
to c AD 300), edited by G.C. Pande, ICPR/Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New
Delhi, 2001, pp. 413-437.
14. S. Kak, 2001. The development of astronomy from Vedanga Jyotisa to Aryabhata.
Chapter in Science and Civilization in India, Vol. 1, Part 2, Life, Thought and Culture
in India, edited by G.C. Pande, ICPR/Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New Delhi,
2001, pp. 866-885.
15. S. Kak, 2003. Indian Physics: Outline of Early History. Physics Archive, 2003.
16. S. Kak, 2005. Aristotle and Gautama on Logic and Physics. arXiv:physics/0505172
17. S. Kak, 2008. Computing science in Ancient India. Encyclopaedia of the History of
Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (Helaine Selin, ed.).
Springer.
18. S. Kak, 2009. The golden mean and the physics of aesthetics. In Ancient Indian leaps
into mathematics, Springer.
19. S. Kak, 2011. The Nature of Light in Indian Epistemology. y. SPIE Conference on The
Nature of Light: What are Photons IV?
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/822f/1776d18add5be84998afa704f11148c5985
2.pdf
20. S. Kak, 2014. Guaman Poma's Yupana and Inca Astronomy. arXiv:1401.7637
21. Additional articles here:
https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kak%2C+S

Indus script and writing

1. S. Kak, 1987. On the decipherment of the Indus script, Indian Journal of History of
Science, vol. 22, 1987, pp. 41-62.
2. S. Kak, 1987. The study of the Indus script, Cryptologia, vol. 11, 1987, pp. 182-191.
3. S. Kak, 1988. A frequency analysis of the Indus script, Cryptologia, vol. 12, 129-143.
4. S. Kak, 1989. Indus writing, Mankind Quarterly, vol. 30, pp. 113-118.
5. S. Kak, 1990. Indus and Brahmi: further connections, Cryptologia, vol. 14, pp. 169-
183.
6. S. Kak, 1990. The sign for zero, Mankind Quarterly, vol. 30, pp. 199-204.
7. S. Kak, 1994. The evolution of writing in India. Indian Journal of History of Science,
vol. 28, pp. 375-388.
8. S. Kak, 1996. An Indus-Sarasvati signboard. Cryptologia, vol. 20, pp. 275-279.

Indian History
1. G. Feuerstein, D. Frawley, S. Kak, 1992. A new view of ancient India, Yoga Journal,
Number 105, pp. 64-102.

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 2. S. Kak, 1990. Kalidasa and the Agnimitra problem, J. of the Oriental Institute, vol 40,
51-54.
3. S. Kak, 1990. Religion and politics in East Punjab, Journal of Social, Political, and
Economic Studies, vol. 15, pp. 435-456.
4. S. Kak, 1991. The politics of quotas in South Asia, Journal of Social, Political, and
Economic Studies, vol. 16, pp. 401-421.
5. S. Kak, 1993. The Poplar and the Chinar: Kashmir in a historical outline,
Journal of Commonwealth and Postcolonial Studies, vol. 1, No. 1, 1993, pp. 73-91.
Also in International Journal of Indian Studies, vol. 3, No. 2, 1993, pp. 33-61.
6. S. Kak, 1993. Understanding caste in India. Mankind Quarterly, vol. 34.
7. S. Kak, 1996. A note on caste. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute,
vol. 77, pp. 235-240.
8. S. Kak, 2000. A chronological framework for Indian culture. Journal of the Indian
Council of Philosophical Research. pp. 1-24.
9. S. Kak, 2004. The Mahabharata and the Sindhu-Sarasvati Tradition. In "Perspectives
in Vedic-Harappan Relationships" Ashvini Agrawal (editor), 2004.
10. S. Kak, 2004. The Wonder That Was Kashmir. In "Kashmir and its People: Studies in
the Evolution of Kashmiri Society." M.K. Kaw (ed.), A.P.H.
11. S. Kak, 2005. Jammu and Kashmir. In Encyclopedia of India (Stanley Wolpert, ed.).
12. S. Kak, 2005. Akhenaten, Surya, and the Rigveda. in "The Golden Chain" G.C. Pande
(editor), CRC.
13. S. Kak, 2005. Hindu Perspectives. Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics.

Ayurveda
1. S. Kak, 2005. Ayurveda. In Encyclopedia of India (Stanley Wolpert, ed.).
2. S. Kak, 2008. Inoculation. Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology, and
Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (Helaine Selin, ed.). Springer.
3. S. Bakshi and S. Kak, 2017. The spiritual foundations of Ayurveda. LWP Project.

Consciousness studies
4. S. Kak, 1993. Reflections in clouded mirrors: selfhood in animals and machines.
Symposium on Aliens, Apes, and AI: Who is a person
5. S. Kak, 1997/8. Consciousness and freedom according to the SivaSutra. Prachya
Pratibha, vol. 19, 1997-8, pp. 233-248.
6. S. Kak, 1997. On the science of consciousness in ancient India. Indian Journal of
History of Science, vol. 32, 1997, pp. 105-120.
7. S. Kak, 2008. Consciousness in Ancient India. Encyclopaedia of the History of
Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (Helaine Selin, ed.).
Springer.
8. S. Kak, 2009. The universe, quantum physics, and consciousness. Journal of
Cosmology. Vol. 3. http://journalofcosmology.com/Contents3.html
9. A. Kak et al., 2016. A three-layered model for consciousness states.
NeuroQuantology, vol 14: Page 166-174
10. S. Kak, 2017. The Limits to Machine Consciousness. arXiv:1707.06257v1

General History
1. S. Kak, 1995. Technology, commerce and international relations. World Affairs, vol.
4(1), pp. 85-88.

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 2. S. Kak, 1996. Mexican dilemmas. World Affairs, vol. 5(1), pp. 53-56.
3. S. Kak, 2016. Panini and Bharata on grammar and art. Sutra Journal.
4. Medium essays: https://medium.com/@subhashkak1

Books
1. The Nature of Physical Reality, Third Edition (2016), Mount Meru Publishing,
Mississauga, Ontario.
2. The Loom of Time (2016), DKPrintworld, New Delhi.
3. The Circle of Memory: An Autobiography (2016), Mount Meru Publishing,
Mississauga, Ontario.
4. Matter and Mind (2016), Mount Meru Publishing, Mississauga, Ontario.
5. Mind and Self (2016), Mount Meru Publishing, Mississauga, Ontario.
6. India at Century's End, (1994), Voice of India Books, New Delhi.
7. Georg Feuerstein, Subhash Kak, David Frawley, In Search of the Cradle of
Civilization, Ill: Quest Books, (1995, 2001), Motilal Banarsidass (2001); Several
translations.
8. The Astronomical Code of the Rigveda (Third Edition, 2016) Aditya Prakashan.
9. Computing Science in Ancient India (2001). Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi.
10. The Wishing Tree: Presence and Promise of India (Third Edition, 2015)). Aditya
Prakashan.
11. The Gods Within: Mind, Consciousness and the Vedic Tradition (2002). Munshiram
Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi.
12. The Aśvamedha: The Rite and Its Logic n(2002). Motilal Banarsidass Publishers,
Delhi.
13. The Prajñā Sutra: Aphorisms of Intuition (2007). DK Printworld.
14. The Architecture of Knowledge: Quantum Mechanics, Neuroscience, Computers and
Consciousness (2004). Motilal Banarsidass.
15. Advances in Communications and Signal Processing (1989). Springer-Verlag (edited
with W.A. Porter).
16. Advances in Computing and Control (1989). Springer-Verlag (edited with W.A.
Porter and J.L. Aravena).
17. Consciousness and the universe : quantum physics, evolution, brain & mind (2011).
Cosmology Science Publishers (edited with Roger Penrose and Stuart Hameroff)

Encyclopedia articles
Eighteen articles in Stanley Wolpert’s Encyclopedia of India (2005), several articles in D.P.
Chattopadhyaya’s multi-volume Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture,
and articles in Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics (2005), several articles for
Helaine Selin’s Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-
Western Cultures(2008), Grolier, Kluwer, and Springer Encyclopedias and so on.

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Book chapters and scientific papers:
See https://subhask.okstate.edu/sites/default/files/CVJan2019.pdf

Academic biography (with additional links):

https://ece.okstate.edu/sites/default/files/biography_0.pdf

Poetry
1. Arrival and Exile: Selected Poems (2016), Mount Meru Publishing, Mississauga,
Ontario.
2. The Conductor of the Dead (1973). Writers Workshop, Kolkata.
3. The London Bridge (1977). Writers Workshop, Kolkata.
4. The secrets of Ishbar: Poems on Kashmir and other landscapes (1996). Vitasta.
5. Ek Ek Taal, Darpan (1999). (Hindi), Raka, Prayagraj.
6. The Chinar Garden, 2002.
7. Mitti ka Anuraag. (Hindi), 2007.

Interviews (Selected)
• The Rediff Interview by Rajeev Srinivasan (1999)
• Indereunion Interview (2004)
• Beliefnet Interview by Rajeev Srinivasan (2010)
• The Hindu Interview by Usha Akella (2013)
• Interviews on Science and Consciousness on the PBS show Closer to Truth (2014)
• Interview on Science and Spirituality by Ruchi Kak (2017)
• Interview on AI and Consciousness by Parth Parihar (2018)
• PGurus Interview by Sree Iyer (2018)
• Interview on the science of consciousness with Aravindan Neelakandan (2019)
• Deccan Chronicle Interview by Swati Sharma (2019)
• Times of India Interview by Aarti Tikoo Singh (2019)
• Live Mint Interview by Nipa Charagi (2019)
• Grin News Interview by Hindol Sengupta (2019)
• See also https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=subhash+kak
http://www.closertotruth.com/contributor/subhash-kak/profile

Lectures (Selected)
• Brain and Consciousness. Gandhi Memorial Center, Washington (2012)
• Presence and Promise of India. NIIT University (2014)
• Indian Foundations of Modern Science, NPL, Delhi (2019)

[This is an incomplete list; a work in progress.]