MANGOSUTHU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering

Physical chemistry II Prac REPORT

PRACTICAL NO. 1: EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

Surname : Zikhali
Initial/s : S
Student No. : 21614023
Date : 24 Aug. 2017
First cycle Gp : Physical Chemistry II
Aim:

The main aim is to determine the equilibrium constant of three different solution, solution 1, 2
& 3 by titrating with the known concentration of Na2S2O3 (0.05 M) I(aq) + I2 (aq) ↔ I3-(aq)

Equation: I2(aq) + 2Na2S2(aq) → 2NaI(aq) + Na2S2O6(aq)

Procedure:

Three solutions were prepared using the stoppered flasks. 200 cm3 of 0.1 M KI solution was
then added in all different three stoppered flacks. 20 cm3 saturated I2 solution was added in the
1st solution. 10 cm3 saturated was added in the 2nd solution and 10 cm3 of CHCl3. In the 3th
solution, 15 cm3 saturated I2 was also added with 5 cm3 of CHCl3.

Thereafter, each of three different solutions were shaken for five minutes and then allowed to
stand at room temperature until the layers have separated in two different layers, lower and
upper layer. 5 cm3 was pipetted aliquot of the lower, CHCl3 layer from each of the mixture
of each of the three Erlenmeyer flasks. After that 1 cm3 of 10% KI and 2 cm3 of starch indicator
solution. Each of three flasks were titrated against a thiosulfate solution, until the colorless and
endpoint.

50 cm3 aliquot of the upper, aqueous layer were pipetted also from each of the mixture of each
of the three Erlenmeyer flasks. After that 1 cm3 of 10% KI and 2 cm3 of starch indicator
solution. Each of three flasks were titrated against a thiosulfate solution, until the colorless and
endpoint.

Titration Table Results for Solutions

Layers Initial Volume (ml) Burette Volume (ml) Average

Pipetted Results (Endpoint) Volume (ml)

Top Layer 50 13.20 13.5

Solution 1 50 13.80
Bottom Layer 5 3.20 3.25
Solution 1 5 3.30

Titration Results for solution 2

Top Later 50 6.20 6.80

50 7.40
Bottom Layer 5 2.10 2.25
5 2.40

Titration Results for solution 3

Top Layer 50 10.30 10.15

50 10.00
 Bottom Layer 5 2.10 1.75
5 1.40

Calculations: I2(aq) + 2Na2S2(aq) → 2NaI(aq) + Na2S2O6(aq) Ratio: 1:2

Solution 1. Bottom Layer

No. of moles (Na2S2O2) = (0.05 mol/dm3)(3.25x10-3 dm3)

= 1.625x10-4 mol

No. of moles (I2) = 0.5(1.625 x10-4 mol) = 8.125x10-5 mol

[I2]organic = 8.125x10-5 mol = 1.625x10-8 mol/dm3

5.0x10-3 dm3
[I2]Free (aqueous) = KD X [I2]organic = (0.0091)(1.625x10-8 mol/dm3)
= 1.479x10-10 mol/dm3

Solution 1. Top layer

No. of moles (Na2S2O2) = (0.05 mol/dm3)(13.50x10-3 dm3)

=6.750x10-4 mol

No. of moles (I2) = 0.5(6.750 x10-4 mol) = 3.375x10-4 mol

[I2]Total = 3.375x10-4 mol = 6.750x10-3 mol/dm3

50.0x10-3 dm3

[I3_] = [I2]Total - [I2]free = 6.750x10-3mol/dm3 – 1.479x10-10mol/dm3 = 9.10x10 -3 mol/dm3

[I-] = [KI] - [I3]free = 0.1mol/dm3 -1.479x10-10 mol/dm3 =6.750.10x10-2 mol/dm3

Keq = [I3].. = ( 9.10x10-3 ) = 14.8

[I2][I ] (6.750x10 )( 9.10x10-2)
- -3

Solution 2. Bottom Layer

No. of moles (Na2S2O2) = (0.05 mol/dm3)(2.25x10-3 dm3)

= 1.125x10-4 mol

No. of moles (I2) = 0.5(1.125 x10-4 mol) = 5.625x10-5 mol

[I2] organic = 5.625x10-5 mol = 1.125x10-8 mol/dm3

5.0x10-3 dm3

[I2]Free (aqueous) = KD X [I2]Organic = (0.0091)(1.125x10-8 mol/dm3)

= 1.024x10-10 mol/dm3
 Solution 2. Top Layer

No. of moles (Na2S2O2) = (0.05 mol/dm3)(6.80x10-3 dm3)

= 3.40x10-4 mol

No. of moles (I2) = 0.5(3.40 x10-4 mol) = 1.70x10-4 mol

[I2]Total = 1.70x10-4 mol = 3.40x10-9 mol/dm3

50.0x10-3 dm3

[I3-] = [I2]Total - [I2]free =3.40x10-9 mol/dm3 –1.024x10-10 mol/dm3

= 3.298x10-9 mol/dm3

[I-] = [KI] - [I3]free = 0.1mol/dm3 -3.298x10-9 mol/dm3 = 10.0X10-2 mol/dm3

Keq = [I3_].. = (3.298X10-9) = 9.70

[I2][I-] (3.40x10-9)( 10.0X10-2)

Solution 3. Bottom Layer

No. of moles (Na2S2O2) = (0.05 mol/dm3)(1.75x10-3 dm3)

= 8.750x10-5 mol

No. of moles (I2) = 0.5(8.750 x10-5 mol) = 4.375x10-5 mol

[I2] organic = 4.375x10-5 mol = 8.750x10-9 mol/dm3

5.0x10-3 dm3

[I2]Free (aqueous) = KD X [I2]organic = (0.0091)(8.750x10-9 mol/dm3)

= 7.963x10-11 mol/dm3

Solution 3. Top Layer

No. of moles (Na2S2O2) = (0.05 mol/dm3)(10.15x10-3 dm3)

= 5.075x10-4 mol

No. of moles (I2) = 0.5(5.075 x10-4 mol) = 2.538x10-4 mol

[I2]Total = 2.538x10-4 mol = 5.075x10-9 mol/dm3

50.0x10-3 dm3

[I3_] = [I2]Total - [I2]free = 5.075x10-9 mol/dm3 – 7.963x10-11 mol/dm3 = 4.995X10-9 mol/dm3

[I-] = [KI] - [I3]free = 0.1mol/dm3 -7.963x10-9 mol/dm3 = 10.0X10-2 mol/dm3

Keq = [I3_].. = (4.995x10-9) = 9.84
[I2][I-] -9 -2
(5.075x10 )( 10.0X10 )

14.8+9.70+9.84
Average Keq := = 11.4
3

Conclusion:

The equilibrium constant was found to be 11.4

Remarks:

When bottom layer was pipetted small portion of the top layer it can squiz into the aliquot
easily which is end up leads to the many unnecessary errors during titration of lower layer.

There should be more equipment to avoid unneceasry errors, and one more it would be a
good idea if each student can do his or her practical individual not as a group because there’s
a high number of errors.