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<big><h1>Catelusi</big></h1>
<p align="center">C�inele (Canis lupus familiaris) este una dintre subspeciile
lupului cenu?iu, fiind un mamifer carnivor din familia canidelor. C�inele este
posibil sa fie primul animal domesticit ?i cel mai folosit pentru munca,
v�natoare ?i companie din istoria oamenilor. Cuv�ntul �c�ine� denume?te masculul
speciei, iar termenul �ca?ea� este folosit pentru femela.
Linia prezenta de c�ini a fost domesticita din lupii cenu?ii cu aproximativ 15.000
ani �n urma. De?i au fost gasite �n Siberia ?i Belgia rama?i?e de c�ini domestici?i
�n urma cu aproximativ 33.000 de ani, niciuna dintre aceste specii nu pare sa fi
supravie?uit dupa ultima glacia?iune. Testarea ADN-ului sugereaza o scindare evolu?
ionara �ntre c�ini ?i lupi �n urma cu circa 100.000 ani, dar nu au fost gasite
specimene mai vechi de 33.000 ani care sa fie �n mod clar, morfologic, c�ini
domestici.
�n diversele cercuri ?tiin?ifice s-a trecut de la considera c�inele o specie

distincta, descendenta a lupului, la o subspecie a lupului. Prin studii genetice s-
au adus dovezi certe ce au condus la reconsiderarea taxonomica a lui �Canis
familaris�, astfel din 1993, Smithsonian Institute ?i American Society of
Mammalogists au reclasificat c�inele ca subspecie a lupului. Astfel, dupa mul?i ani
de controverse, c�inele a fost numit Canis lupus familiaris.</p>
<br>
<h2>Istorie</h2>
<p align="center>C�inii descind dintr-un animal foarte mic numit Miacis care era un
animal ca?arator �n copaci, creatura care a existat acum aproximativ 40 de milioane
de ani.[necesita citare] C�inii, a?a cum sunt cunoscu?i astazi au aparut pentru
prima oara �n Eurasia, acum aproape 13.000 de ani, ?i cel mai probabil sunt urma?ii
unui lup de talie mica. C�inele Dingo nu este nativ din Australia, ci a fost dus
acolo de primii emigran?i. C�inii au fost pentru prima oara domestici?i de oamenii
cavernelor �n Paleolitic. Cei mai �nal?i c�ini sunt Dog Germanii ?i Irish
Wolfhound. Cel mai �nalt Dog German cunoscut a atins �nal?imea de 103 cm, iar cel
mai �nalt Irish Wolfhound a atins �nal?imea de 100 cm. Cel mai greu ?i de asemenea
cel mai lung c�ine cunoscut este un Mastiff Englez. �n 1989, masura 250 cm ?i 125
de kg. Cei mai mici c�ini sunt Chihuahua, Yorkshire Terrier ?i Toy Terrier; a fost
�nregistrat un Yorks care c�ntarea doar 283 g.
C�inii au fost ?i sunt �nca folosi?i la cele mai diverse activita?i: de paza, de
v�natoare, de companie, �ndrumatori pentru oamenii orbi, etc. �n Roma antica,
c�inii cei mai des �nt�lni?i erau cei din rasa Mastiff; ei purtau arumuri ?i
participau alaturi de razboinici �n lupte. �n cel de-al doilea razboi mondial,
armata rusa antrena c�ini �sinuciga?i� care alergau printre tancurile germane cu
mine care explodau pe spatele lor.
Auzul c�inelui este foarte ascu?it. Ei pot �nregistra 35.000 de vibra?ii pe secunda
comparativ cu oamenii care �nregistreaza 20.000. �n mod natural c�inii au un sim?
olfactiv foarte dezvoltat. Daca oamenii au 5.000.000 de senzori care miros, c�inii
ajung p�na la 220.000.000.</p>
<br>
<h3>Rase</h3>
<p align="center">Rasele de c�ini sunt �mpar?ite �n mai multe grupe �n func?ie de
caracteristici ?i utilitate:
standardul AKC (American Kennel Club) le catalogeaza �n 8 grupe (Sportivi,

V�natoare, De lucru, Terrieri, Agrement, Non-sportivi, Ciobane?ti, Diverse);
standardul UKC (United Kennel Club) le catalogeaza �n 8 grupe (Companie, Paza ?i
aparare, V�natoare, Ciobane?ti, Rase nordice, De urma, Ogari, Terrieri);
standardul FCI (F�d�ration Cynologique Internationale) le catalogheaza �n 10
grupe.</p>
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�n diversele cercuri ?tiin?ifice s-a trecut de la considera c�inele o specie

standardul AKC (American Kennel Club) le catalogeaza �n 8 grupe (Sportivi,

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