Palladio RBI Guide

Introduction

Palladio Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) is a tool launched directly from the Palladio suite that
performs a quantitative RBI analysis based on API 581 (This tool also usable without Palladio suite
or an implemented Palladio database).
API 581 is a recommended practice which provides quantitative procedures to establish an
inspection program using risk-based methods for pressurized fixed equipment including pressure
vessel, piping, tankage, pressure relief devices, and heat exchanger tube bundles.
The estimation of risk in the API RBI methods involves determining the probability of failure
combined with the consequences of failure. Failure in API RBI is defined as a loss of containment
from the pressure boundary thus resulting in leakage into the atmosphere or rupture of a
pressurized component. As damage accumulates in a pressurized component during in-service
operation the risk increases. At some point, a risk tolerance or risk target is exceeded and an
inspection of sufficient effectiveness is recommended to better quantify the damage state of the
component. The inspection does not reduce the risk; however, it does reduce uncertainty
therefore allowing a better quantification of the damage.
Before using Palladio RBI, the first steps to take are first of all launch Palladio suite, open the
database and set the RBI model form in the File menu Options. In the section “RBI Type” select the
model and in the “RBI-Company” select the company responsible for the RBI analysis (there will be
a logo in the report).
The Palladio RBI is divided into two sections the “API area risk” regarding the consequence area
analysis and the “API financial risk” regarding the financial consequence analysis.

Video\set RBI option.avi

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Result visualization
The RBI results could be visualized also into the Palladio suite without opening the Palladio-RBI
tools.
The results can be consulted firstly, by setting the “RBI (API)” option; the Display menu may be
“RBI (API area risk)” or “RBI (API financial risk)” depending on the chosen option in the File menu.
This option enables visualization of a symbol on the left corner of the item (equipment, line, PSV)
in the component list. This symbol will have the same color as in the risk matrix.
During the equipment RBI analysis, the item sometimes needs to be divided into fictitious
chambers and the analysis is carried out on the chambers. The results may defer in terms of risks,
in this case, the symbol will report the color with the highest risk.
By right clicking on the single item and selecting on “RBI data” , it is possible to visualize the
following information:

 the actual risk matrix,

 the risk area (in term of m2/year)
 the inspection plan;
 the future risk matrix with inspections (reporting the execution of the inspection plan);
 the future risk matrix without inspections (not reporting the execution of the inspection
plan).

By right clicking the item folder (equipment, line, PSV) and selecting “RBI data” it is possible to
visualize the results and the overall risk matrix. Each square on the matrix has the number of items
with the same probability and consequence rage. The matrix navigation is interactive: by right
clicking on the number, a list of item with the same probability and consequence rage will appear;
by selecting one of the items, it will single-out in the list tree on the left of the browser.

Video\result visualization RBI.avi

RBI manager
The RBI manager summarizes the RBI data and the RBI results. The RBI manager is accessed by
clicking on “Applications” and selecting “RBI Management”. From this folder it is also possible to
run the “Palladio-RBI” tool.
Before importing the results from other RBI tools or running the “Palladio-RBI” tool it is necessary
to define the equipment chamber. So firstly, the component equipment in the property sheet (e.g.

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tube side and shell side for heat exchanger) has to be created by right clicking on the equipment –

properties – construction data – components. It is then necessary to tick the “RBI” checkbox.

Normally there are three types of case studies:

 an equipment could be divided into material chambers (e.g. heat exchanger divided into
shell side and tube side) so the RBI chambers will be create and linked with the material
chambers;
 an equipment could have only one chamber so there will be only one RBI chamber linked
with the material chambers;
 an equipment could have only one material chamber (e.g. column) but the RBI chambers
must be more than one because the top and the bottom side have very different
conditions.

Prior to starting the analysis or visualizing the results, it is necessary to select in the RBI manager,
the p-unit on the left list and the item type on the top of the pane. By selecting the equipment, in
item type, every line will refer to each equipment components.

If the material chamber of the equipment match with the RBI chamber for curtain, the program
could create the RBI chamber automatically by coping the data from the material one (selecting
the icon in the RBI manager).

Video\equipment data sheet presentation.avi

Below a list of the icons on the top side of the RBI manager:

 data reloading from RBI tool to RBI management;

 modify and multiselection;
 visualize the risk matrix:
o “Single matrix” visualize the matrix of each component;
o “Group matrix” visualize the total matrix with all the component of the selected item
type;
 find the item selected in the browser to easy view all the stored information;
 find the item in the grid;
 print, save in CSV format, save in Excel file all the information listed in the grid;
 select external Excel file and automaticaly import RBI data;

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  activate the filter;
 run the RBI calculation for the selected component. This procedure works only if all the
required data has been entered (this icon is active only if modify and multiselection are
activated and two or more component are selected);
 run the RBI tool for detailed analysis of a single selected componet equipment.

Once the RBI analysis has been carried out, it will be possible to visualize the results and input data
directly on the RBI manager. The data will be stored devided into goups in different sheets; one for each
demage mecanism ( e.g. “Thinning”, “Linings”, “Cracking”), one for result, one for basic data and one
for technical data.

Video\RBI manager.avi

RBI analysis – Data input for screening

By clicking on icon it is possible to run the RBI tool for detailed analysis of a single selected
component equipment.
The software will propose as a first way of data loading “Rapid input”. With this procedure, the
tool require the necessary data for a primary screening. This is necessary to understand which
damage mechanisms will be analyzed in detail during the calculation.

The Rapid Input includes four sheets:

 “General data” collecting the basic data of the equipment;
 “Material” collecting the material data;
 “Fluid/corrosion” collecting the representative fluid and the contaminant;
 “Damage factor” enables manual disabling of any damage mechanism from the calculation
and to insert details of inspection history required for the calculation.

Below a list of the icons on the top side of the Rapid Input:

 open an external analysis priviously saved on a file;

 save the current analysis on an external file;
 open the technical on line help;
 export the data in CSV format;

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  clear all the data entered.
 directly access the path of inspection plan;
 access the note insertion;
 start the screening algoritm and access to the calculation tool.

Video\Input data per screening.avi

RBI Analysis – Calculation of the probability factor

The probability factor is calculated in the “Pf” sheet of the calculation module.
By scrolling the tree at the left corner, it is possible to go into details concerning the probability
calculation, in particular the analysis of the output is listed. By selecting every single output of the
tree in the left corner, the output that determine the results, will appear in the right section.

The colors of the input indicate the status:

- Green: useful data entered;

- White: useful data to be entered
- Grey: unnecessary data.
-
As regards the output the colors indicate:

- Green: calculated output

- White: results not calculated yet;
- Grey: output excluded from the screening software;
- Violet: output excluded from the screening manual.

The input data can be of two types: manual or multiple choices. For the manual the icon
indicates the information of the acceptable range of the value. The same icon in the output
section opens the Help in the section of that specific output.
When all the data is entered, the value on the top of the “Probability of failure” will have a result
and therefore turn into a green color. This condition is also signaled in the pane on the bottom left
with the expression “This parameter has been calculated”.

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 Video\Calculation of the probability factor.avi

RBI Analysis – Calculation of the consequence factor

The consequence factor is calculated in the sheet “CA” or “FC” of the calculation module,
depending on whether the calculation of area consequence or financial consequence is set.
Visualization and use are the same regarding the probability calculation.

Video\Calculation of the consequence factor.avi

RBI Analysis – Calculation of the risk and Inspection Plan

Once the probability factor and the consequence factor have been calculated it is possible to
switch to the calculation of the Inspection Plan.
In particular, it is necessary to set a “risk target” (risk limit which is not acceptable for the
equipment), a “damage factor target” (maximum limit of the acceptability of the damage factor)
and a “plan date” (future date on which to estimate the risk).
The icon “target date” will identify the future date when, without providing inspections, the risk or
damage factor acceptability limit is due. This date will be the inspection date in case it comes
before the planed date, and it will be automatically chosen by selecting the icon “new inspection
date”.
In the upper right corner of the pane there is the list of the possible damage mechanisms (that
have a value greater or equal to one (≥1) in the probability calculation ), with the correlated details
of the value obtained from the analysis, the effectiveness combined inspection, the date of last
inspection, the number of total inspections, the number of past and future inspections for each
mechanism.

At this point it is possible to simulate the future risk trend and provide an inspection plan. In
particular there are three possible approaches:

- Manual inspection planning: setting future inspections (also multiple) to have a screening
of risk at plan dates;
- Automatic inspection plan-Plan approach: the software will proceed iteratively assigning
inspections of increasing effectiveness to the dominant damage mechanisms in order to
comply with the acceptance limits at plan date. In this approach, there is a single
inspection date (target date).

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 - Automatic inspection plan-Date approach: once an inspection plan is set, the software will
calculate the future date on which the limits of acceptability (or limits of risk or of damage
factor) will be reached.

For each mechanism of damage to which an inspection of detail was assigned, it is possible to
enter notes that will appear in the final report, through the icon .
Moreover, to have direct access to the technical tutorial section for each damage mechanism with
use the icon present on the right of each damage mechanism listed in the table summarizing
the damage mechanisms.
The icons save the analysis in the database and print the report of the analysis.

Video\Calculation of the risk and Inspection Plan.avi

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